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The available studies on contingency planning in projects lack an effective method for accurately estimating time contingencies because they (1) do not account for historically unprecedented disruptions, (2) produce estimation errors for low-probability and high-impact events and (3) do not consider the disproportionate impact of disruptive events on project resources. With this in mind, this research posits that the notion of resilience is central to contingency planning because understanding disruptions is directly interconnected with modelling and measuring resilience to disruptions. As a result, a method for estimating time contingency is presented in which resilience is used to describe the disruption and recovery profiles of project activities. The proposed method is applied in a real-life construction project to demonstrate its capability. In addition, a case study from the literature is selected to compare the proposed method with a critical chain project management solution. The results show that an accurate forecast of time contingency requires precise information about the specific impact of a disruptive event on project resources across various stages of disruptions. From a practical standpoint, the proposed method assists project managers and key stakeholders in the delay analysis of disrupted projects, as well as in developing cost-effective resource management plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study household credit responses to Hurricane Harvey using new, geographically granular data on credit cards, mortgages, and flooding. Estimates from a differences-in-differences design that exploits the flooding gradient show that affected households only borrow at low-interest rates, often using promotional (zero interest) cards and that they quickly pay down balances. We also document that take-up of forbearance (borrowing by missing mortgage payments without penalty) increases with flooding. These results are attenuated in floodplains, particularly in structures subject by code to physical hardening. Our results indicate that credit acts as a substitute for the lack of physical hardening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relief supply inventories are important in disaster response operations. To address the problem of dead stocks and avoid relief supply expiration, such inventories must be renewed periodically. Different from the traditional shelf-life rotation mechanism (i.e. renewal of the entire inventory at the expiration date), which pays more attention to decreasing the quantity of dead stocks, the novel period rotation mechanism that we design in this study will gradually rotate relief supplies according to their shelf life. We propose a mathematical programming model to minimise the total cost of relief organisations and conduct a case study and analyse the sensitivity of key parameters using real-world data. Results show that our rotation mechanism can substantially reduce the financial burden on relief organisations and improve the quality of relief supplies for victims. The novelty of our study includes: (1) We introduce a new approach that can rotate multiple times, through which we consider the quality of relief supplies; (2) We incorporate recycling and remanufacturing into the rotation process; and (3) We adopt an inductive reasoning method to develop the model with demand and time uncertainties. We prove the feasibility of our model and contributions of our study to humanitarian logistics practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian subcontinent is highly susceptible to natural disasters. To abate the effect of the disasters, the government emanates institutional mechanisms and strategies for disaster preparedness, mitigation and response. Although there is well-established institutional framework in India for disaster management, there is no study that proposes a disaster supply chain structure under the institutional framework and integrates information and digital technologies (IDT) of industry 4.0 within it. The present study overcomes this research gap. It introduces an IDT structure within the institutional framework of India for multi-agency information sharing, coordination and decision making. It formulates a mathematical model and analyses the impact of IDT on the total response time through three scenarios. The results of scenario analysis reveal the significance of IDT on the disaster supply chains and its capability to handle information delays and IDT failure. The present study can be adopted by disaster management institutions to construct and implement better response practices at the operational, planning and strategic levels. Furthermore, the proposed model in the study can be used for vaccination planning, which includes vaccine distribution, monitoring, regulation and effective implmentation as a response against the current pandemic situation caused due to SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk management is an essential component of effective campus recreational sport programming. However, research on risk management policies, procedures, and practices within recreational sports is both limited and outdated. As such, this study provides an overview of current risk management policies, procedures, and practices across North American collegiate recreational sports departments. Specifically, the results emphasize current training practices for both part-time and full-time staff, practices in establishing and updating emergency action plans, and contents covered in emergency action plans. The results suggest that while the vast majority of recreational sport programs have established risk management procedures and engage in risk management training, they diverge in best practices related to emergency action plans and in terms of contents covered in such plans. Applications of these results for practitioners and institutions are emphasized, including discussions around best practices in risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southern Arizona Heat Planning Summit What: Over 110 representatives from grassroots, nonprofit, government, private sector, labor unions, utilities, and academic organizations in Southern Arizona convened and coproduced a list of gaps and opportunities to improve community heat resilience. When: 3 February 2024 Where: Tucson, Arizona KEYWORDS: Emergency preparedness; Heat wave; Heat islands; Planning; Resilience, 1. Introduction Extreme heat events in the U.S. Southwest have become more frequent, longer, and intense over the last few decades (EPA 2023; USGCRP 2023), mirroring global patterns (IPCC 2023; [...]

This research aimed to analyze the level of flood vulnerability in Masamba urban area, using quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. Data analysis techniques were carried out by weighting, scoring, and overlaying for each flood-causing parameter map, including; slope map, rainfall, land elevation, soil type, and land use. Delineation of flood-prone areas is determined based on spatial analysis between the detailed spatial plan map of Masamba urban area and the maps of these parameters, obtaining the area and classification of the level of vulnerability to flood disasters in the Masamba urban area. The results of the analysis show that the low flood vulnerability level is located in the Kamiri village, Masamba village and part of the Kappuna village with an area of 83.39 Ha or 7.22%, the medium flood vulnerability level covers the Radda and Baliase villages with an area of 824.75 Ha or 71.58%, while the Bone and Bone Tua Villages are included in the high vulnerability classification category with an area of 244.07 Ha or 21.18% of the Masamba urban detailed spatial plan (RDTR) area. On the basis of the research findings, mitigation efforts are needed in spatial planning in North Luwu Regency. Directions for spatial utilization in the flood-prone Masamba urban area, including; development of a flood disaster mitigation system with structural and non-structural methods. Recommendations for spatial utilization in Masamba urban area to minimize similar flash flood events in the future are reviewing the RDTR of Masamba urban area, revising the urban drainage system master plan, and modeling the classification of flood-prone areas. With the availability of flood vulnerability data in North Luwu Regency, it can be an input for the government and the community as a basis for decision making in spatial planning, spatial utilization and spatial control to create a resilient and sustainable Masamba City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In real-world complex group decision-making problems, preference inconsistency and opinion conflict are common and crucial challenges that need to be tackled. To promote consensus reaching, a novel group consensus reaching model is constructed considering individual satisfaction and group fairness. This study focuses on managing the group consensus reaching process based on flexible and adaptable information, modelled as distributed linguistic preference relations (DLPRs). First, a building process for DLPRs is discussed by integrating cumulative distribution functions converted from single linguistic term sets, hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets, and comparative linguistic expressions. Furthermore, a two-stage consistency improvement method is proposed, which makes a trade-off between the frequency and magnitude of adjustments. Finally, we establish an improved group consensus model to balance individual satisfaction and group fairness, where individual satisfaction is measured by the deviation between the original and revised preferences and group fairness is measured by the deviation between individual satisfactions. The emergency response plan selection is conducted to show the validity and advantages of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between the implementation of Psychosocial Support Activities (PSA) and the psychosocial readiness and well-being of learners participating in in-person classes in the Second Congressional District of Bohol for the 2022-2023 school year. A total of 114 teachers and 114 learners were selected through simple random sampling. Utilizing a descriptive survey design, data were collected via questionnaires to assess PSA implementation levels, learners' psychosocial readiness, and psychosocial well-being. Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient was employed to analyze the relationships among these variables. Results indicated a very high level of PSA implementation, suggesting effective school practices. Furthermore, learners exhibited very high psychosocial readiness, indicating strong psychological, social, and emotional preparedness for the learning environment. While PSA implementation did not significantly influence learners' psychosocial readiness or well-being, a substantial positive correlation was found between the two latter variables. Based on these findings, the study advocates for integrating Basic Psychosocial Support into the School Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Contingency Plan, enabling educators to support students facing distress effectively. This research suggests the importance of psychosocial support in enhancing students' overall educational experiences and well-being institutionalizing psychological interventions and integrating Basic Psychosocial Support into School DRRM Contingency Plans to foster a holistic learning environment to enhance students' capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to asses disaster awareness and preparedness among teachers and learners of Amado M. Pitogo Memorial School, Upper Panul-iran, Abuno, Iligan City for the School Year 2023-2024. The output of the study was the school disaster risk reduction and management plan. It examined the socio-demographic profiles of respondents and their correlation with disaster awareness, preparedness, and awareness on school disaster capability building. Using a descriptive-correlational method, data were gathered from 116 learners and 10 teachers and an administrator. Results indicated that learners aged 11-12 years old represent the highest frequency, with males slightly outnumbering females. Grade 5 have the highest frequency among learners, while the majority of teachers were aged 41 and above, female, holding Teacher I positions, and with Master's level education. Regarding disaster awareness, respondents were extremely aware that disasters can happen anytime but showed less preparedness in terms of emergency kits. Similarly, while there were extremely aware regarding the presence of fire extinguishers, there were less confidence in knowing what to do during a fire incident. Notably, awareness of school disaster capability building is high, but participation in emergency planning was low. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between disaster awareness, preparedness, and grade level of learners, indicating a need for targeted interventions. These findings highlighted the importance of considering demographic factors in disaster preparedness education and suggest avenues for improving school-based disaster management strategies and plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific article studied and explained the content of the legal normative bases of the activity of the state border protection bodies of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine during the implementation of measures of the legal regime of emergency. This problem is understudied. With the help of general and special methods of scientific knowledge, the authors researched the laws of Ukraine, current subordinate legal acts and scientific sources that regulate the content of the activities of the state border protection bodies of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine regarding the implementation of measures of the legal state of emergency. The researchers found out the content and features of the legal provision that determines the type and limits of the official actions of the state border protection bodies of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine aimed at implementing the measures of the legal emergency regime. It has been established that the measures of the legal state of emergency, in the implementation of which the state border protection authorities take part, determine the possibility, necessity and grounds for the exercise of the powers of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. During emergency situations, in the event of the introduction of appropriate modes of operation of the system of protection of the population and territories within the areas of responsibility, the state border protection authorities carry out various forms and methods of official measures. Depending on the situation, the degree of spread of a predicted or an emergency situation that has arisen within a specific territory, in accordance with the procedure established by law, the appropriate mode of operation of the population and territory protection system is introduced, which determines the share of the state border protection authorities' participation in their elimination. The authors come to the conclusion that the provisions of the regulatory legal acts that determine the duties of the state border protection authorities during the implementation of measures of the legal state of emergency and the general procedure for their actions in emergency situations are implemented in the event of the introduction of the appropriate modes of operation of the system of protection of the population and territories within areas of responsibility of state border protection authorities. Their activities are closely related to the performance of the functions of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT High‐precision, multi‐source landslide monitoring data are crucial for disaster prevention and management. These datasets provide explicit landslide descriptions. Integrating this data with landslide mechanisms, using knowledge graphs can enhance early monitoring and forecasting. However, traditional knowledge graphs often oversimplify landslide knowledge, failing to capture the complexity of geological environments and landslide evolution. Spatio‐temporal knowledge graphs face challenges in representing intricate relationships. A hypergraph (HG), where an edge connects multiple nodes, offers a better representation of these complexities. This paper proposes an HG‐based method for landslide knowledge representation, organizing multi‐source information and knowledge through binary or multiple relationships under specific temporal and spatial conditions. A case study of the Miaodian landslide, which experienced multiple sliding events, shows that the proposed landslide knowledge HG outperforms other knowledge graphs like YAGO, Geographic Knowledge Graph (GeoKG), and Geographic Evolutionary Knowledge Graph (GEKG) in completeness, accuracy, and redundancy, demonstrating its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to problem of technical state assessment of real steel truss under operation for residual life prediction after technical investigation. The reliability index is calculated based on design, real and prospective loads. Method of statistical data analysis adopted for stress-strain determination also for all kinds of applied loads. The residual life with the reliability index determined as a transition from satisfactory to emergency technical state. The method provides the possibility for estimation of future safety steel structures operation witreliability index; residual life; steel truss; technical stateh technical investigation results only that exclude any subjective opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk perception influences the perceived salience of various policy issues. In this study, we examine the pathways through which environmental identity influences the perceived salience of two kinds of policy issues—climate change (climate mitigation and climate adaptation) and development (economic growth and infrastructure). Based on a dataset of 503 respondents from coastal communities along the east coast of the United States, our findings indicate that environmental identity is associated with a greater perceived salience of climate mitigation, and that this relationship is mediated by hydrometeorological disaster risk perception. While we found no significant total effect of environmental identity on the perceived salience of climate adaptation, perceived salience of infrastructure development, and perceived salience of economic growth, hydrometeorological disaster risk perception was found to fully mediate all three relationships. Also, the mediated relationships were found to be significantly moderated by gender identity, but not by age (except for the perceived salience of infrastructure development). The study highlights the pivotal role of hydrometeorological risk perception in modifying the perceived importance of different policy issues among environmentalists and has implications for policy and planning in coastal regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the short term after an emergency, the relief resources require some workers to distribute to various delivery sites through a self-organized cooperation. How to achieve a stable cooperation is an important issue of the self-organized resource distribution in emergency. This paper proposes a potential game theoretic formulation for the stable cooperation during resource distribution in Self-organized Emergency Management System (SEMS). In the potential game distribution model, the private utility function of each worker is defined based on the Aumann-Drèze value, which makes sure of the existence of Nash equilibrium and permutable equilibrium solutions in resource distribution. Then, we prove the non-decreasing and submodularity of the social utility function, ensuring that any Nash equilibrium is guaranteed at least 50% of suboptimality, and the best Nash equilibrium is the optimal solution. In this way, the optimal distribution scheme is transformed into the solution of Nash equilibrium, and the consistent control of individual rationality (maximizing the private utility) and system objective (maximizing the social utility) is realized. We take the COVID-19 epidemic in Changchun of China as a simulation of SEMS. It verifies that potential game is an efficient approach to obtain stable cooperation during self-organized resource distribution. Moreover, the number of workers and the possibility of workers choosing suboptimal decisions are key factors for forming stable cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abnormal evolution and highly accurate prediction of mining-induced fractures in extra-thick coal play an important role in mine water disaster prevention and ecological environment protection. The evolution mechanism of mining-induced fractures during the mining of extra-thick coal in weakly cemented strata has attracted wide attention. In this paper, the fracture propagation test and PFC numerical simulation are carried out to analyze the evolution rule of overburden fractures in extra-thick coal mining. Based on the elastic foundation beam and fracture damage theory, we derive a trapezoidal fracture model and realize automatic calculation. Finally, taking the 61,605 working face mining of Longwanggou Coal Mine (LWGCM) as an engineering background, the failure characteristics of overburden are studied and verified by microseismic dynamic monitoring. The results show that the overburden failure in mining face is trapezoidal evolution, including shear fractures (93.8%) and tensile fractures (6.2%). The overburden failure height predicted by the trapezoidal fracture model is consistent with the numerical simulation and microseismic monitoring, the relative errors are − 1.1% and − 2.7%. This provide a new method for the accurate prediction of overburden failure height in extra-thick coal mining in weakly cemented strata. Highlights: Fracture propagation mechanism and simulation of weakly cemented rock. Trapezoidal fracture model and fracture evolution rule of mining overburden. A new method for calculating the overburden failure height of extra-thick coal mining in weakly cemented strata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Smartphone use in medicine is nearly universal despite a dearth of research assessing utility in clinical performance. We sought to identify and define smartphone use during simulated neuroemergencies. Methods: In this retrospective review of a prospective observational single-center simulation-based study, participants ranging from subinterns to attending physicians and stratified by training level (novice, intermediate, and advanced) managed a variety of neurological emergencies. The primary outcome was frequency and purpose of smartphone use. Secondary outcomes included success rate of smartphone use and performance (measured by completion of critical tasks) of participants who used smartphones versus those who did not. In subgroup analyses we compared outcomes across participants by level of training using t-tests and χ2 statistics. Results: One hundred and three participants completed 245 simulation scenarios. Smartphones were used in 109 (45%) simulations. Of participants using smartphones, 102 participants looked up medication doses, 52 participants looked up management guidelines, 11 participants looked up hospital protocols, and 13 participants used smartphones for assistance with an examination scale. Participants found the correct answer 73% of the time using smartphones. There was an association between participant level and smartphone use with intermediate participants being more likely to use their smartphones than novice or advanced participants, 53% versus 29% and 26%, respectively (p < 0.05). Of the intermediate participants, those who used smartphones did not perform better during the simulation scenario than participants who did not use smartphones (smartphone users' mean score [standard deviation] = 12.3 [2.9] vs. nonsmartphone users' mean score [standard deviation] = 12.9 (2.7), p = 0.85). Conclusions: Participants commonly used smartphones in simulated neuroemergencies but use didn't confer improved clinical performance. Less experienced participants were the most likely to use smartphones and less likely to arrive at correct conclusions, and thus are the most likely to benefit from an evidence-based smartphone application for neuroemergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]