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This research invites the owners of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to consider green not only as a cost but also as a long-term investment. This research examines the relationship between green human resource management (GHRM) and performance. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire, and the unit of research analysis is the owner of SMEs. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypothesis. The population of this research was SME owners in West Sumatra Province, which has 36,403 industrial areas. Purposive sampling was implemented so that 396 respondents were obtained. The research results show that GHRM positively affects green inputs, processes, and products. In addition, this research reveals that green inputs, processes, and products positively affect the economy and environmental performance; however, green products do not significantly affect social performance. Thus, this research recommends that owners be aware of the need to produce green products to improve SMEs' performance. Also, various related parties, such as the government, need to control raw material prices, the availability of raw materials, the marketing of finished products, dissemination, periodic training, and funding through financial institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded in the theories of stakeholder and corporate social responsibility (CSR), the study investigates the role of businesses in responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in an emerging market economy such as Bangladesh. Employing a convenience sampling procedure, ten commercial banks were selected as the sample for the study, and the content analysis method was utilised for data analysis. After examining the annual reports of a sample of banks, the study reveals that they have implemented diverse health safety, consumer essential needs, and community development-oriented CSR policies to safeguard their core stakeholders, such as employees, customers, and communities, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. This indicates that corporations, through CSR initiatives, can maintain a win-win relationship between business and society, even in a crisis period. Lastly, the researcher recorded implications and proposed directions for future research on CSR policies in similar critical times, albeit in different circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper investigates the potential of FinTech solutions in promoting sustainable finance in Mongolia, an emerging market economy with a burgeoning FinTech landscape. This study explores how Mongolia leverages FinTech innovations to advance sustainable development goals. Utilizing secondary data sourced from Mongolian government agencies, global financial organizations, academic institutions, market research firms, and industry associations, we conducted an integrated SWOT-MLP analysis of Mongolia's FinTech industry, which includes the FinTech business models, ecosystem, regulatory frameworks, traditional financial institutions, and stakeholders. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the opportunities and challenges facing Mongolia in integrating FinTech into its sustainable finance agenda, and SWOT-based strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the sensitivity of emerging markets economies (EMEs) to the US Dollar's strength during the Russian-Ukrainian war in the long and the short run, where Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) was used to analyze time series daily data in the period 2020-2023. We studied the impact of the US Dollar's strength on EMEs asset prices: EMEs currencies, EMEs bonds (US Dollar-denominated) and EMEs stocks, including the factor of the Russian-Ukrainian war as a dummy variable, as well as the effects of various economic factors: Federal Funds Rate, the US 10-year bond yield, commodity prices index and gold prices. The results showed that Russian-Ukrainian war has a significant positive impact on US Dollar's strength. In the other hand, both of them have significant negative impacts on EMEs asset prices, with varying degrees, where the aforementioned economic factors have asymmetric impacts. Moreover, EMEs stocks were the most Sensitive to Russian-Ukrainian war, US Dollar's strength and commodity prices, meanwhile EMEs bonds market were the least Sensitive.

In linear regression, a major problem arise when the response variable is bimodal. In this study, the non-linear effects of tourism development on the economic well-being of some selected emerging economies, which have bimodal features was modelled. In a linear regression model, the dependent variable follows a normal distribution, but non-linear regression, it is assumed to follow a normal-power distribution. The non-linear model was estimated by first transforming the normal-power model, which is intrinsically non-linear to linear using a simple transformation technique. The GDP per capita (response variable) is used as a proxy for measuring the economy, while international tourist arrivals (predictor variable) is used as a proxy to measure tourism development (Nigeria, Ghana, Cote D’Ivoire and Senegal). The results showed 70 per cent of the variation in GDP per Capita can be explained by the number of international tourists visiting the countries. The results of the models showed that the non-linear normal-power model outperformed the linear normal model using the log-likelihood, AIC, BIC, and MSE for the four countries. It is also true for the pooled regression. The Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) further showed the flexibility of the non-linear model compared with the linear model since the test statistic of LRT for the selected countries 335.1018, 323.594, 312.658 and 281.415 for Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Senegal as well as 1361.066 for the pooled regression are greater than the Chi-Square critical value of 5.991 at 2 degrees of freedom. This explained how significant the non-linear normal-power model can predict the RGDP-TOUR model as compared with the linear normal model. However, the linear model is a special case (sub-model) of the non-linear normal-power model if the parameters of the power function distribution are relaxed. It is therefore recommended that the relationship between gross domestic product per capita and international tourist arrivals is non-linear and should be fitted with normal-power regression model.

The aim of the study is to empirically examine the combined effects of globalization and financial development on income inequality in a unified framework for an emerging economy. Panel data analysis method was used to examine the effect of globalization and financial development on income inequality. First, the existence of correlation between units was examined via the Breusch Pegan (2008) LM test and the Pesaran, Ullah and Yamagata (2008) NLM test. The stationarities of the variables were examined with the CADF (Crosssectional Augmented Dickey Fuller) Panel Unit Root test. Then, homogeneity test was applied via Swamy (S) test. The long-term relationship between the variables was analyzed via the Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund Panel Cointegration test.The causality between the variables was analyzed by the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test and the coefficients were analyzed by panel regression analysis. As a result of the panel cointegration test, no long-term relationship was detected between the variables. In a short-term relationship; It was concluded that there is a bidirectional causality relationship from financial development and inflation to income inequality, and a one-way causality relationship from globalization to income inequality. According to the results of the panel regression analysis, it was concluded that the effect of globalization and financial development on income inequality was statistically significant and negative, while inflation was statistically significant and positively effective.Globalization, Financial Development, Income Inequality, Emerging Market Economy, Panel Data Analysis.

Purpose: Healthcare innovations are one of the drivers of healthcare sector growth in India. Innovation policies are challenging because of the uncertainty regarding the outcome of the innovations. Hence, there is a need to understand the interface between policies and healthcare innovations to identify gaps and propose timely recommendations. Accordingly, this study uses the Indian healthcare start-up sector as a case study to analyse the above linkages, gaps and propose recommendations. Methodology: Quantitative data from the start-up India portal along with qualitative data from key informant interviews have been analysed to draw insights. Findings: Healthcare start-ups have made significant contributions to the economy and healthcare sector, but there are gaps and room for improvement especially in the areas of awareness, funding and mentoring. Conclusions: Based on the study findings a conceptual framework has been created for understanding the nature of gaps and their linkages in the healthcare innovation lifecycle.

This paper qualitatively reexamines the definitions, components, and sub-components of employability under the changing labor market contexts of the under-researched country of Thailand, an emerging market economy (EME). Semi-structured interviews among chief human resources (HR) officers, HR experts, HR academics, HR consultants, and top HR executives in various well-recognized private firms across industries in Thailand, virtual field visits to each company located in Bangkok and other provinces in Thailand, nonparticipant observation, and a review of archival documents and web-based resources were conducted. This paper proposes that Thailand's institutional context, specifically the labor market context, plays an important role in shaping employability among workers needed by firms within that context. Several challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic, aging societies, technological disruption, the growth of the cryptocurrency market, and the changing patterns of work, affect Thailand's institutional context, specifically the labor market context, and worsen the problem regarding the shortage of job candidates or graduates who are readily employable. Here, employability among workers refers to the strong potential that helps job candidates obtain suitable jobs and readies them for work and to survive in the real word. It consists of three main components: (1) career ability, (2) resiliency, and (3) attitudes and personal attributes. Each component consists of several sub-components (25 sub-components in total). All of the components and sub-components of employability are necessary for job candidates or young graduates in the context of the Thai labor market. However, there are sub-components of employability that are necessary for job candidates who are working in EMEs with several abovementioned challenges that affect the labor market context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Healthcare innovations are one of the drivers of healthcare sector growth in India. Innovation policies are challenging because of the uncertainty regarding the outcome of the innovations. Hence, there is a need to understand the interface between policies and healthcare innovations to identify gaps and propose timely recommendations. Accordingly, this study uses the Indian healthcare start-up sector as a case study to analyse the above linkages, gaps and propose recommendations. Methodology: Quantitative data from the Start-up India portal along with qualitative data from key informant interviews have been analysed to draw insights. Findings: Healthcare start-ups have made significant contributions to the economy and healthcare sector, but there are gaps and room for improvement especially in the areas of awareness, funding and mentoring. Conclusions: Based on the study findings a conceptual framework has been created for understanding the nature of gaps and their linkages in the healthcare innovation lifecycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of spatiality in the utilization of strategic alliance by SMEs in an emerging market economy such as Nigeria. A case study approach, survey research design and a questionnaire survey of 233 SMEs were adopted for the study. Data for this study were analysed using descriptive statistics and nearest neighbour analysis, while maps and tables were used to illustrate the results. The result of the study showed that SMEs had three distribution patterns in cluster, regular and random distribution in the study. SMEs in these distribution patterns had a total mean score of 3.93, 3.58 and 3.05 as well as an average mean score of 2.00 in cost reduction, risk reduction, resource and knowledge accessibility in the use of strategic alliance. This signified that engaging in strategic alliance is not determined by the spatial distribution of SMEs but the need to achieve cost reduction, risk reduction and resource accessibility.

The theme of this article was chosen because it is very important to be able to determine the way in which certain factors might influence the performance of a firm. The impact that the business environment in Romania and the EU have upon the SMEs in our country represents an area of high interest. The profound changes in our economy and society since 1989 have triggered an ample process of moving from a centralized economy to a free market economy and now an emerging market economy, that has been liberated from the past under these new principles. The new role of the state in the economy and society has led to the reconsiderations of some categories and concepts, such as efficiency, cost effectiveness, price, risk and even business failure, that cannot be measured at a macroeconomic level and then at a firm level, but the other way around. Under these circumstances the firm becomes the core cell of the economy, that is influenced by all of the market specific factors such as uncertainty and risk. The fundamental problem of the existence, operation and development of the firms under the complex conditions of the market economy is the unfolding of an efficient and profitable activity. The reasoning of this research is based on the need to respond to the issues, that most SMEs in Romania confront themselves nowadays. Managers are forced to find solutions to relaunch the business. The profound changes in our economy and society have triggered an ample process of moving from a centralized economy to a free market economy, that has been liberated from the past under these new principles. The creation of this new economy involved privatizations of state owned companies, restructurings, liquidations, insolvencies but at the same time the emergence of new firms. Economic agents gained full autonomy, passing the entire responsibility of decision-making at a microeconomic level. The development of more and more SMEs and start-ups in Romania, offers the possibility of a professional and social fulfilment, for a significant part of the population, especially for its most active and innovative segment, which drives the economy of our country nowadays.

The study aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the Turkish stock market volatility and reveal how different industries are affected by COVID-19. Volatility between pre-COVID and COVID periods are compared across industries to understand the impact of the first shock. Markov-switching dynamic regression (MSDR) model is employed to determine the transition from low volatility (pre-COVID) period to high volatility (COVID) period. The findings reveal a significant deterioration in volatility for all industries during the COVID-period, with a more dominant impact on the service sector. Then, factors that drive stock market volatility are investigated to understand the role of COVID-19 on increasing volatility. Results show that COVID-19 patients trigger volatility for all industries except food & beverages, insurance, non-metal mineral product, and wholesale & retail trade. On the other hand, an increase in the number of recoveries results in lower volatility for most of the industries. Besides, credit default swap increases volatility while the exchange rate lowers volatility. However, the magnitudes of credit default swap and exchange rate are greater than those of patients and recoveries, suggesting that COVID-19 is not the main driver of volatility for the Turkish stock market in the pandemic period.

This study examined the effects of spatiality in the utilization of strategic alliance by SMEs in an emerging market economy such as Nigeria. A case study approach, survey research design and a questionnaire survey of 233 SMEs were adopted for the study. Data for this study were analysed using descriptive statistics and nearest neighbour analysis, while maps and tables were used to illustrate the results. The result of the study showed that SMEs had three distribution patterns in cluster, regular and random distribution in the study. SMEs in these distribution patterns had a total mean score of 3.93, 3.58 and 3.05 as well as an average mean score of 2.00 in cost reduction, risk reduction, resource and knowledge accessibility in the use of strategic alliance. This signified that engaging in strategic alliance is not determined by the spatial distribution of SMEs but the need to achieve cost reduction, risk reduction and resource accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of glocalizationhas grown to be turning factor for multinational companies to think local Globalization time period extracted from that of global and nearby and provide an explanation for that corporations not handiest assume international however also act local while detailing enterprise features which includes branding, marketing, advertising and marketing and product promotion. Today in competitive world market the requirement of food industry within the multinational enterprises. The multinational corporations expand their business operations in other country tends to choice their expansion as per the requirement of local country. Today multinational food manufacturers operated in emerging global economy, this is due to the product & service in the local market, because of that they did not earn profits in their operations. The research paper wants to explore the result of multinational food industry, while they are going to invest in global economies due to different test of food habits, in particular countries market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In a developing country such as Ghana, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have become the fulcrum for economic growth and development. This study aims to examine factors influencing the business performance of SMEs in an emerging market economy. Study design/methodology/approach: A descriptive survey design was used to collect data from SMEs in the service sectors of retail, hospitality, trade/commerce and manufacturing. The target population were from two municipalities. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyse the data got through the use of the questionnaires. Findings: The results indicate that governments in emerging economies are not doing enough to help SMEs. Access to credit had aided businesses to acquire modern technologies and raw materials for operation. Many entrepreneurs used their educational level, available business information services and marketing strategies to identify potential customers and to devise better strategies for dealing with their competitors. Originality/value: The study is the first to conclude that while access to credit aids SMEs’ in their operations, it can equally serve as a constraint to their performance. Besides, availability of business information service can help SMEs to gain competitive advantage. Moreover, marketing strategies impact SMEs performance positively. The study will help policy makers and development partners to fashion policies that will enhance the performance of SMEs.

This study investigates the apparent lack of insurance against country‐specific risk observed internationally. Using a sample of 21 emerging and 21 advanced economies over the period 1980–2014, I document new evidence from international co‐movements of prices and quantities suggesting that risk sharing is worse in emerging economies than in advanced economies. I then extend a standard international business cycle model to assess the implications of the "cycle is the trend" hypothesis for international risk sharing. I show that shocks to trend productivity growth provide a compelling explanation for the distinct risk‐sharing features of emerging market economies. The findings of this study are relevant for the conduct of stabilization policy, as it critically depends on the nature of the shocks that affect an economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship researchers have called for more investigation on the contribution of context in advancing entrepreneurship theory. The aim of the paper is to analyse the agribusiness enterprise performance by introducing collaborativeness as a dimension of entrepreneurial orientation. Agribusiness is a key regional sector representing a crucial ratio of employment, economic production. and future growth. Due to the sector's importance and the many challenges it faces, the impact of a synergy approach entrepreneurial orientation model on agribusiness performance is tested. Structural equation modelling is used to test data collected from 120 agribusinesses located in Albania. Study results show collaborativeness as a dimension of the extracted entrepreneurial orientation model which provides a synergy between the actors of entrepreneurial value creation and has a significant direct contribution to enterprise performance. Implications for Central European audience: Even though the results are related to agribusinesses in Albania, the findings of this research may advocate that to enhance enterprise performance in fragile sectors and emerging economy markets, the synergy among the value creation actors of the entrepreneurial process is a necessity. Besides the theoretical implications, this study has also some practical implications for policymakers, entrepreneurs and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sound understanding of monetary transmission mechanism is valuable because it helps the central bank to determine the proper course of monetary policy to balance growth and inflation. As China's domestic financial markets deepen and develop further towards a market-based system, the country's monetary policy instrument and transmission should continue to improve for managing economic conditions. Using a short-term key interest rate as standard monetary policy tool and time-varying parameter techniques, this study empirically demonstrates that China's monetary policy framework is in the midst of transitioning to a market-based approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effect of business group affiliation on corporate cash holdings. Sample of this study consists of 101 companies listed not consecutively on the KOMPAS100 index between 2011 and 2015 in Indonesia. From the results, it is understood that business group affiliation has a significant and positive impact on corporate cash holdings while controlling cash flow, leverage, firm size, growth opportunity, and net working capital. This means that companies affiliated with a business group have larger cash holdings when compared to companies that are not affiliated with a business group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting consumer purchase behaviour of eco-friendly products is key to environmental sustainability. This research aims to investigate how different factors may enhance or impede young consumers' intentions to purchase a specific type of eco-friendly product, i.e. organic food. Data were obtained from 289 respondents in an emerging market economy, i.e. Vietnam. Multivariate data analysis using structural equation modelling revealed that food safety concern, health consciousness and media exposure to food messages played integral roles in the formation of attitude towards organic food. Interestingly, consumers' environmental concern and food taste were of little value in predicting their attitude. Notably, perceived barriers (i.e. high price, inadequate availability, poor labelling and extra time required) significantly impeded both attitude and purchase intention towards organic food. The insights gained from this research extend current knowledge about pro-environmental behaviour in developing countries and they have important practical implications for marketers and other key stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contains analysis of the influence of changes in the real exchange rate on the results of the monetary policies conducted by the central banks of emerging market economies targeting inflation. The analysis is based on the Taylor rule modified with the Ball rule and the Orphanides rule. The methods used included evaluating variables, such as the GDP, the inflation rate, the real interest rate, and the real exchange rate index, with the Hodrick-Prescott filter (HP-filter) and the two-step cointegration approach of Engle and Granger with structural breaks. Empiric estimates for two countries, Brazil and South Africa, based on quarterly data during inflation targeting for 1999–2015, have been obtained. The influence of the exchange rate on the monetary policy results before targeting in the case of South Africa has been analyzed. For the latter economy, our analysis covered the period of 1960–2015. The period under consideration included the 2008 financial crisis, which accounted for the choice of the dates of breaks in the level and regime of the countries' monetary policies. Our research showed that, although the approach undertaken by the central banks of both countries to using the interest rates for the purpose of inflation targeting was classical, both banks took the fluctuations in the exchange rates into account. A long-term relationship between the interest rate, the GDP gap, the real exchange rate, and the inflation deviation from its equilibrium value has been demonstrated for both Brazil and South Africa. The level shift took place in South Africa in the second quarter of 2008; and the shift in the level and regime in Brazil occurred in the fourth quarter of the same year. The model estimation proves that the significance of the exchange rate fluctuations has become more important since the crisis of 2008. For South Africa, we have empirically proved that after the country's turn to inflation targeting and dismissal of the official exchange rate, the exchange rate fluctuations have still influenced the results of the national central bank's policy. We have found the Taylor rule to be acceptable for South Africa and Brazil for a short-term period; in terms of inflation targeting, the interest rate has been positively influenced by the GDP gap and the inflation gap; the impact by the real effective exchange rate has been found to be negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines bank-specific factors that determine nonperforming loans (NPLs) in Ukraine. Analysis of an unbalanced sample of 207 banks from 2008 to 2020 reveals that the NPLs of banks increase with related lending, suggesting that related lending is detrimental to the soundness of bank loans owing to the standard information advantage that can be offset by the bank's conflict of interest in banking relationships. Moreover, a positive shock to NPLs causes a substantial increase in related lending. These results highlight the importance of close monitoring of banks' lending practices to related parties for suppressing excessive risk-taking behavior of banks. • Banks' nonperforming loans (NPLs) increased with related lending. • Related lending is detrimental to the soundness of bank loans in Ukraine. • Loan concentration effect on NPLs is ambiguous. • Positive shock to NPLs increases related lending and decreases loan concentration. • Closely monitoring related party lending suppresses risk-taking and moral hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with successful Indian management practices in the rapidly growing Indian emerging economy. The focus is on the connection between culture, management, business and information and communication technologies (ICT). Specific aspects and challenges of Indian management are analysed in the context of comparative management, in a complex global environment. There is also a focus on the roots of success and business performance of prominent Indian companies. The analysis is based on relevant new data. The importance of identifying business opportunities by managers and developing innovative business models is explained from the aspect of the predicted rapid growth and sustainable development of the globally oriented Indian economy in the future period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article a macroeconomic model is built to examine interactions between the agricultural sector and the industrial sector in an emerging market economy. This article examines how monetary shock and real shocks produce agricultural price fluctuations and change in employment through multiple cross effects. Monetary shocks result in overshooting of primary commodity price while real shock in terms of rise in the production of primary commodity mitigates the volatility of primary price. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The objective of this research was to ascertain whether during the evolution of marketing concept in a transition economy banking sector, banks of different type and characteristics exhibit similar behaviors and tendencies observed in free market economies of the Western countries. More specifically, a concerted effort was made to determine the differences in the perceived importance of different controllable decision variables of the marketing function performed by banks in a transition economy of Central Asia. As well, the study tried to distinguish between the actual practice of marketing orientation among marketing oriented and non-marketing oriented banks. MARKOR (Kohli, Jaworski, and Kumar, 1993) scales developed and used in the USA and a select number of Western countries were translated into Russian and were administered to state and private bank executives of Kyrgyz Republic. Study results indicate that there are significant differences between marketing-oriented bank managers and those of non-marketing oriented managers in terms of their responses to MARKOR statements. Managerial and public policy implications of the study are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]