Search

We present a thematic review and analysis of the variables affecting language learning motivation (LLM) (2008–2022). The second-language motivational self-system (L2MSS) model was found to be the most applied construct in measuring LLM. Complex systems theory was also another method gaining prominence in LLM research to explain the interactions between micro- and macro-structures surrounding the learner in influencing motivation. Other factors such as socioeconomic status, dialogism and anagnorisis were also identified as variables relating to LLM. For instance, research on dialogism and dialogue has indicated the role of conversation in shaping identity, motivation, and meaning for learners. However, our review found that much of the focus in LLM research has been on the L2MSS learning or teaching experience, while daily living has been largely neglected. We further conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis. Our analysis found an average reliability of 0.84 (CI = 0.816–0.856), with 34% of reliability coefficients falling below the lower bound of CI. A meta-regression analysis revealed that 16% of the variance in the reliability coefficients was predicted by the number of items in the instruments. Questionnaires with an internal consistency below the lower bound of 0.816 had an average of 4.14 items, while the rest had an average of 5.71 items. We further found significant publication bias. Based on our findings, we suggest areas for future research in LLM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite periods of resurgence over the last decades, it is safe to say that transcendental arguments no longer enjoy a prominent presence in the philosophical landscape. One reason for their declining prominence is the sustained suspicion that despite their self‐proclaimed metaphysical neutrality, transcendental arguments are, in fact, metaphysically committed. This paper aims to revive the discussion of transcendental considerations by offering a metaphysically neutral account of transcendental arguments. I argue that a metaphysically neutral conception of transcendental arguments requires a revision of two concepts constitutive of transcendental claims, namely, transcendental necessity and the a priori. I propose a transcendental reading of Wittgenstein's On Certainty, which, I maintain, provides us with an alternative, metaphysically neutral understanding of these concepts. Thus revised, transcendental claims are suitable for what Mark Sacks once described as the "post‐metaphysical" orientation of contemporary philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jerash Journal for Research & Studies is the property of Jerash University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers Elisabethains: A Biannual Journal of English Renaissance Studies is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Allegedly, according to Avicenna's theory of God's knowledge of particulars, God knows particulars in a universal way or universally. But, it is controversial how we should interpret knowing in a universal way. It seems knowing in a universal way is a black-box in Avicenna's theological context. However, Peter Adamson in his valuable 'On Knowledge of Particulars' has suggested a novel approach to decode this black-box in Avicenna's theological context. According to Adamson, the key for this black-box is embedded in Avicenna's epistemological context, i.e., Kitāb al-Burhān. It seems Adamson's interpretation of Avicenna's theory of God's knowledge of particulars consists of two main steps. Firstly, on the basis of Kitāb al-Burhān, he tries to show that knowing in a universal way amounts to knowing syllogistically. For example, when, based on the syllogism "(I) all humans are animals, (II) Zayd is a human, and therefore (III) Zayd is an animal" one knows that 'Zayd is an animal,' one knows it universally. Secondly, on the basis of the first step, Adamson tries to show how we should interpret Avicenna's theory. The upshot of Adamson's interpretation is that God knows only essential features of particulars and not their accidental features. In this paper, I will argue that both steps in Adamson's account of Avicenna's theory of God's knowledge of particulars face serious problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between reason and faith is one of the most important topics in the philosophy of religion. This issue has been investigated from several aspects. One of these aspects is the relationship between action and religious belief. John Cottingham, a contemporary analytical philosopher, emphasizes the primacy of religious practice over belief, as well as the involuntary nature of belief. In his opinion, the factor that causes people to become religious is not intellectual discussions about God but the internal aspects of religion itself and the transforming power of religious practices in human life and experiences. In the present work, a critique has been made of his point of view with an explanatory-critical method. Criticisms that his point of view includes: First, the belief resulting from the course of action is only psychological certainty and such certainty is beyond the logic of verification. Secondly, knowledge of God and the practical system is a condition for entering it and precedes it. The third criticism is the problem of the plurality of religions and practical systems which causes people to mistrust reasons of the heart. The fourth criticism is that entering into a practical system is a confirmation of its benefits and anyone who does not believe this would have no reason to enter such a system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wainwright considers the relationship between ethics and mysticism in two possible ways: 1. The destruction of ethics in the context of mysticism; 2. Strengthening ethics through mysticism. He mentioned and analyzed the reasons in each type, and then ended each section by expressing his point of view, and finally, he reached the point of view that morality and mysticism are separate from each other; In such a way that they neither strengthen each other nor destroy each other. This article, by criticizing the arguments of Professor Wainwright and enumerating and explaining the five models of the relationship between ethics and mysticism based on the perspective of Islamic mysticism, comes to the conclusion that contrary to his view, the relationship between ethics and mysticism, Those are not summarized in the two mentioned types and reducing these connections to those two types neglects many capacities involved in the discussion. With these debates, it is shown that the main arguments to prove the ineffectiveness of mysticism in forming a kind of ethics are not justified, but the arguments of the mystics in the direction that mysticism, both in the meta-ethical and in the normative stage, causes the realization of ethics, it seems sufficient. In the end, according to what has been said, we must adhere to the view that a mystical attitude is necessary for a completely ethical life (in the final stages of ethics). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emphasis on the necessity of the historic episcopate for church unity has decisively shaped Anglican participation in the ecumenical movement. While episcopal authority has not generally been an overt theme, concerns relating to it have consistently shadowed Anglican attempts to take decisive steps towards unity with non-episcopal churches. Anxiety about the bishop's authority of ordination served as a focus in the three examples considered here, but two other dimensions of episcopal authority, local oversight, and representation to the wider church, were also relevant. In contrast, episcopal authority appears as a significant theme in the four texts on authority produced by the Anglican–Roman Catholic International Commission. The trajectory of these texts, however, is towards questioning the effectiveness of episcopal authority regarding representation to the wider church in Anglicanism, a dimension that is ultimately crucial for Anglican advocacy of the historic episcopate to non-episcopal churches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since at least the 1990s, network theory has proven central to the Anglo-American expansion of modernist studies, especially in theories of global modernism. By examining the British modernist scholarship on Mulk Raj Anand, this essay claims that modernist studies' use of networks often assumes that ties between writers or texts are neutral or positive. This essay argues via the work of Anand's compatriot Sajjad Zaheer, whose novella A Night in London was recently translated into English, that often-overlooked negative ties are integral to the literary history of Indian modernism and to the future practice of weak global modernism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 300 million people use the gamified mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) application (app) Duolingo. The challenging tasks, reward incentives, systematic levels, and the ranking of users according to their achievements are just some of the elements that demonstrate strong gamification elements within this popular language learning application. This application's pervasive reach, flexible functionality, and freemium business model has brought significant attention to gamification in MALL. The present systematic review aims to summarize different methods, frameworks, settings, and research samples used to assess Duolingo's design and impact on various learning outcomes. We carried out a complete database search for articles focused on the issues of design, application, and pedagogies in the use of Duolingo. Three hundred and sixty-seven records were initially found, and 35 of those were selected for final inclusion based on language choice, theoretical frameworks, design, sampling, data collection, and analyses (see Appendix 1 for full list). The results indicated that the majority of research from 2012-2020 was design-focused, quantitative in nature, and used non-probability sampling methods. The focus on app design marks an emphasis on the creation of tools rather than the process and outcomes of language learning from using these tools. Additional results revealed preferences for performance-based research questions, for English as language of choice in research, and for the USA as the most prominent context for Duolingo research studies. Furthermore, our review highlights research gaps specific to Duolingo, yet generalizable to other MALL applications. The results are useful to researchers seeking to assess, evaluate, and understand MALL, gamification, and Duolingo as well as to practitioners interested in utilizing MALL in formal and informal learning environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the genesis of Arnold Wesker's play "Blood Libel," examining its creation from commission to production. The topics covered include Wesker's engagement with the sensitive topic of the blood accusation, the challenges of finding a director and securing funding for a new playhouse, and the playwright's struggle with his own prominence. The article delves into the historical context and personal struggles that shaped the play's development and eventual production.

In this study, the recent advances and trends in chiplet lateral communications (bridges) will be investigated. Emphasis is placed on the definition, kinds, advantages and disadvantages, challenges (opportunities), and examples of chiplet horizontal communications. Some recommendations will also be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In January 2021, Singapore's national performing arts center 'Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay', known especially for the high-quality acoustics of its concert hall, ran a special program called 'All Things New', featuring concerts and other art performances. It was advertised on location (see Figure 1), by a leaflet (Figure 2), and in a one-minute video (https://www.esplanade.com/festivals-and-series/all-things-new/2021) also shared on YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7U-7Yw9sTPs), and introduced young artists and bands who performed on the institution's 'Concourse' and its open stage called 'Outdoor Theatre' (for an example, see Figure 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mother-tongue education has increasingly become a keyword in formulations of development goals, especially the Sustainable Development Goals (2015). Achievement of these goals acquires a grave sense of urgency in light of the ever-increasing threat to the very fabric of our linguistic diversity. The basic premise of this article is that Gandhian thought can serve as a guiding principle in our struggle to stem the tsunami of language endangerment. Engagement with Gandhian thought enables us to critically examine the current presuppositions about development and the role of language in nation-building (especially in schools) and also inspires us to look for more sustainable alternatives. This article aims at examining the linguistic world order that Gandhi envisaged—an order where languages do not encroach upon each other. In postulating such a world order, Gandhi shows a keen awareness of the dangers that languages such as English could pose to mother tongues. Furthermore, diversity is not seen as a 'management' problem but rather a necessary condition for all that is human. Emphasis on ensuring that the child in school is an active producer rather than a passive consumer of knowledge, as well as envisaging the school as a resource centre for the neighbourhood ensures that the mother tongues (L-languages) and languages taught in schools (H-languages) enter into a harmonious and symmetrical pedagogical relationship rather than a relationship of violent conflict, which characterises the current linguistic world-order. The article argues that such a pedagogical relationship serves as a necessary component of any sustainable developmental paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this article is to outline selected aspects of the phenomenon of game modding, with particular emphasis on mods known as total conversion mods. The text mentions the features of such mods which are both fundamental and most characteristic, in order to establish the necessary context for further discussions concerning the differences between total conversion mods and other types of mods. The article aims to address the question of the legitimacy of approaching total conversion mods as independent text by presenting the most important features of such mods and their application and discussing how they function in the chosen example, i.e. ST: New Horizons, so that the following question may be posed: Do the changes introduced to the original game's gameplay and mechanics in a given conversion mod justify regarding it as a separate game text? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overlap between idioms and clichés is one of the problematic meaning issues. This overlap can simply be detected in online as well as academic sources. The existence of the overlap between idioms and clichés springs from the absence of a model that can work out some demarcation boundary between them. The present study aims at drawing a demarcation line between these two essential colloquial elements by resorting to linguistic features, contextual functions, nature of community of practice based on interlocutors' relationship, and the degree of informality to fulfill this purpose. This study makes use of a qualitative approach to carry out the process of analysis based on a model designed to assist the procedures of determining the features of each element. With reference to data, the analysed idioms and clichés have been extracted from 20 discourses (10 written texts and 10 recorded interactions) of 10 different topics. The most significant concluding points come in three angles: structure (an idiom is mostly a part of a meaningful statement, whereas a cliché is mostly a full meaningful statement by itself); function (idioms are usually used for three different purposes: emphasis, creativity, and persuasiveness, whereas clichés are used either to simplify the idea or to state an idea without exerting any effort by making use of overused statements and common ritualized expressions); and informality ( Idioms are detected in less informal discourses compared to clichés). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the most recent systematic effort to correct some of the widespread misconceptions about religion: Brad Stoddard and Craig Martin's edited volume Stereotyping Religion: Critiquing Clichés (2017) and Tenzan Eaghll's article "Religious Clichés" (2015). It argues that the joint goal becomes problematic due to some empirical and logical distortions, which mainly result from the emphasis on the relativist message offsetting the impartial assessment of facts and their implications. It argues for integrating the biological and cultural explanations of religion and offers some proposals toward identifying the contemporary clichés that impede progress in our understanding of the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The speaker of Duino Elegies treats time as a threat to its sense of situatedness and privacy; a threat that taints all its modes of inhabiting and surviving in the world. This essay argues that Rilke's foremost task in Elegies is to expose every aspect of subjectivity to such a threat. Arguing against the phenomenological readings of Rilke, that continue to misread the 'open'-ness in his work as a non-dualist or an antediluvian gesture, this essay contends that the Rilkean 'open' is not a counterpoint to our everyday habitus nor does it untether the subject from its finite conditions of time and space, rather it creates a radical, and literary, necessity for finitude. The elegy form, with its traditional emphasis on loss and rehabilitation through memory and poetic authority, is refashioned by Rilke to a degree where what is lost is never allowed a birth into presence either in consciousness or in language. Drawing upon Derrida's critique of Husserl, the essay argues that Rilke's work is at its most singular precisely when it searches for a place within time and not despite it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years the view that the non-instrumental value of democracy is a relational value, particularly relational equality, gained prominence. In this paper I challenge this relational egalitarian version of non-instrumentalism about democracy's value by arguing that it is unable to establish a strong enough commitment to democracy. I offer an alternative view according to which democracy is non-instrumentally valuable for it establishes relationships of mutual service among citizens by enlisting them in the collective project of ruling the polity justly together which is a self-standing source of value for them. Relating in the mode of mutual service is not a species of relating as equals; it is a distinct relational value. Democracy is uniquely suited to realize this relational value, for it renders citizens co-authors of the fundamental rules of the system of social cooperation under which they live, and only as co-authors of these rules are they able to mutually serve each other in a way that is appropriate within their relationship as citizens of the same polity. For this reason, a strong commitment to democracy can be based on the relational value of mutual service, which therefore better fits the theoretical purposes of non-instrumentalism than relational equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies of Victorinus by Stephen Andrew Cooper, Ellen Scully, Lenka Karfíková and Werner Steinmann have highlighted the need to read the philosophical treatises more closely alongside explicitly theological and exegetical work. But the approach of these authors reflects significantly divergent goals, from reading his work to defend an almost Lutheran emphasis on sola fide , or rather differently, in terms of a 'physicalist' approach on universal implications of Christ's role as Logos. Appreciating the work of Cooper and Karfíková, the present treatment is focused on a recent article by Scully, questioning her understanding of Victorinus on the interconnection of cosmology and soteriology to present the human Christ in terms of a Platonic form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the range of cognitive processes assessed in the English language reading literacy test as part of the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (HKDSE), the secondary school exit test in Hong Kong. Prior studies have suggested that higher order cognitive processes are often undermined in high-stakes tests and classrooms, due to what is called the "washback effect." This prompts the following hypothesis: despite its top-performing education system, Hong Kong has failed to provide a versatile collection of test items that involve complex reasoning. To investigate the cognitive demands of the test, as well as their relationship with student performance, this study maps the test items with reference to the cognitive levels assessed using in-depth document analysis. ANOVA is used to statistically determine differences in accuracy rates to supplement the analysis throughout. Results indicate that the test has placed an overwhelming emphasis on lower order cognitive processes over the past decade (2012–2019) and that items assessing higher order cognitive skills are, as expected, met with statistically significantly poorer performance in the test. Implications for future revision of the test and curriculum policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper carries out a theoretical examination of the different uses of emotions in campaigns, the main tools to activate them and the effects of emotional political communication on the electorate. Emotions cannot change entrenched electoral preferences, but they can create climates of opinion that may guide competition. Assuming the prominent role of emotions, a classification system for their use is proposed into four major campaign models: outrage campaigns, fear campaigns, positive change-oriented campaigns and identity campaigns appealing to feelings of collective belonging. Together with this classification, a theoretical approach is offered on the way how emotions appear in the campaign, the strategic purpose for their incorporation, and the main emotions that parties and candidates seek to activate. To do so, a selection of exemplary cases is used to allow to visualize in a concrete way the proposed concepts. Finally, and delving into the dilemma between emotion and reason, the limitations of emotions are raised while, at the same time, their prominence in some recent political phenomena of greatest impact is recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracking pupils based on their abilities or other aptitudes is a common practice in many countries. In Finland, selective classes with a special emphasis have become popular. The societal and individual effects of tracking are a topic of ongoing educational discussion. Tracking has been seen to increase educational inequality, but still it has been defended as an important practice enabling individualised and adjusted teaching. This study examined whether studying in a selective class with a special emphasis has an effect on the development of pupils' action-control beliefs from grade seven to nine. Results showed that pupils who studied in classes with a special emphasis showed greater achievement and were more likely to have highly-educated mothers than pupils in classes without an emphasis. This selectivity explained most of the differences found in action-control beliefs between classes. Pairwise comparisons showed small differences in the change of certain action-control beliefs between classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript is an erudite documentation of the critical examinations of reflexive accounts from, and thought-provoking consciousness based on, the previously conducted gender-related studies with the aim of revisiting them "critically" to provide a broadened understanding of the idiosyncratic and gendered lives of the Filipino LGBTs with a special emphasis in the context of the pandemic. Thus, through this analysis, this paper notably emphasizes that by critically examining the established facts about the common and unique experiences of people from a gender-diversified population invites us to a new, fresh, and higher perspectives that are equally useful in dealing toward and forward the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to provide an overview of recent work on children's comprehension of verbal irony. First, the concept itself, then comprehension of irony are discussed, with special reference to the factors vs processes that can contribute to successful irony comprehension. Particular emphasis is placed on children's interpretation and production of irony by a presentation of several cross-linguistic studies conducted recently. Finally, open questions left unexplored are briefly examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are only now, after more than half a century, uncovering the real significance of what the Second Vatican Council means for the Church. The time lapse in reception has many factors not least that distinctive shifts in emphasis take far longer be appreciated in a real way that practical changes which, for good or ill, can be accomplished by fiat. So that the reception, fast or slow, of the Council is not a uniform process. One area where very little change has been seen is in relation to 'adapting the Liturgy to the Temperament and Traditions of Peoples'. There was a call at the Council for a deliberate dialogical relationship between the liturgy and culture, and it is this relationship, rather than any particular modelling of it, that is the focus of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses, in interrogating our concept of the Midwest as the American ‘heartland', the anthology makes a case for its own importance as a text that allows readers to see beyond stereotype into the reality of life in the Black Midwest. This is not an aim that Williamson or the contributors take lightly: there is a strong emphasis throughout Black in the Middle on the responsibility taken on by this anthology.

Copyright of Patrimônio e Memória is the property of Centro de Documentacao e Apoio a Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes metrical prominence asymmetries in Medumba, a Grassfields Bantu language. It shows the data points analyzed by subject, set, metronome speed and condition, optimal number of components in each mixture distribution, and results from the three-fold cross-validation procedure that determined the optimal model parameters and generalizability across the data sets.

Coming into being and development of inclusive education in contemporary Ukrainian society are analysed. The tasks of educational institutions in creating an inclusive space are defined, and the approaches to work with children with disabilities are identified. Works of foreign and domestic scholars and practitioners who studied the problems of inclusion of children with disabilities in the educational process and in the context of social rehabilitation activities are studied. Emphasis is placed on theoretical analysis of social rehabilitation practices of inclusion. A mechanism for implementing social rehabilitation practices of inclusion in the educational process of working with children with disabilities is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imaginations in poets' poetry are the achievement of a kind of experience and awareness that the poet gains from his surroundings. Attar is one of the great mystics and poets of the vast field of Persian literature. With his painful mysticism, he has led the lovers of the path of conduct through seven valleys. Basically, some mystics were closely acquainted with hearing and music, and Attar is one of the most prominent of them. The purpose of this study is to study the forms of imagination in musical applications - terms, words and instruments - Attar's poetry. Studies have shown that Attar has refined his mystical thinking by using the thoughtfulness of musical terms. In this research, the author has extracted verses in which musical terms and instruments have no musical purpose. But from the point of view of imagination and poetic point of view, it was important that it be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the manifestations of culture and civilization and even literature of any country is the proverbs, rulings and short and rich words that arise from the greats of science and literature or from the common people and in our vast and ancient language there are thousands of proverbs and words Which has taste, thought and kindness and good interpretation in saying the meaning. The people of a society, when they find their experiences and reserves and those of the past as accepted and certain facts, express them in short sentences, in the form of poetry or prose, so that when they use them, the audience Immerse yourself in deep thought and leave a lasting impression on him. In fact, proverbs are the essence of a nation's collective wisdom that has been polished over time and passed down to us heart to heart. In our country, due to its ancient history, there are many proverbs. Although in different Iranian ethnic groups these proverbs have differences in language and dialect, but many of them are common in terms of meaning or concept. This article tries to examine the socio-cultural elements of the proverbs common in Kashmar city, its roots, dialect and their uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of Educational Robotics (ER) and its rapid spread across all levels of education in recent years has drawn attention to the need for further training in this discipline. In this study we discuss the panorama of teacher training research in ER and make recommendations for institutions that intend to implement ER teacher training programs. We explore three databases that include publications in ER teacher training and select 38 publications for analysis. We discuss these publications with special emphasis on requirements, durations, trainer and trainee profiles, pedagogical approaches and best practices. Our main findings are the lack of uniformity regarding the duration and requirements of training programs and the fact that information on trainer and trainee profiles is not always documented. ER teacher training programs are often not founded on theory. When they are based on pedagogical principles, however, these are usually constructivism/constructionism, inquiry-based learning or project-based learning. The most prominent best practices for ER teacher training fall into five categories: collaboration, materials, pedagogy, practice and feedback/support. Our recommendations will help to improve the content, structure and implementation of future ER teacher training programs and the reliability and generalizability of research results and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key New Testament passages describing the believer's salvation is contained in the declarative sentence of Ephesians 2:8-9, "For by grace you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God; not as a result of works, so that no one may boast." While various aspects of the Greek text of this verse have been discussed on many occasions in Christian literature, the essential Pauline usage of emphasis through both word order and articulation seems to have been largely neglected in favor of discussing other more complex grammatical issues. When one adds the importance of both word order and articular emphasis to the existing exegesis on this sentence, along with its place in the immediate surrounding context of the epistle, one finds a deeper and even more emphatic truth concerning "the grace" alone by which one is saved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Premier Publishing s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Greed and power have morphed into forms of capitalism unaddressed from a philosophical, moral or educative framework. This article seeks to address this important gap in the literature by first outlining how the financialisation of capital constitutes the new educational subject in primary, secondary and tertiary school. The author establishes how these new morphologies of power create an imagination that renders students and even the goal of education as a function of unending growth, extraction and disembodiment. In response, the author posits a different vision of habits, practices, postures and morals that root out power in education. Drawing from degrowth theory and an emphasis on simplicity, care, conviviality and the ritual destruction of accumulation, the author theorises what a pedagogy of degrowth may entail. Doing so answers an ever‐important question—what is an educational good?—by conceiving of the 'value' of education beyond the bounds of capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the distinctive contribution that sociological perspectives have made to understanding reading as a profoundly social and cultural activity, differentiated by the specifics of time and place. Literacy researchers, using a social lens, have sought to explore, explain and redress inequalities in access to and uses of literacy in its different forms. This has often meant championing pedagogies premised on dialogue and connection. Yet this may conflict with an emphasis in current policy on children mastering a relatively narrow skills-based definition of literacy as they begin to learn to read. The article explores how the tension points in the literacy curriculum, intensified in test-based accountability systems, can be navigated in this light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first part of the book entitled History of Science and Technology in Gdańsk, edited in 2014 for the 110th anniversary of the Gdańsk University of Technology (Politechnika Gdańska). It begins with a concise history of the local education with emphasis laid on schooling in the field of technology. It is followed by the history of the University of Technology founded in 1904 as German Hochschule but always having many Polish students. In 1945 it was transformed into a Polish university. The next sections are devoted to the prominent scientists of the old Gdańsk and their worldwide important achievements, not always sufficiently popularized. Many of them were members of foreign academies and scientific societies including the Royal Society of London. Then, the scientific societies of the past Gdańsk are presented, including but not limited to the Experimental Physics Society (later Naturforschende Gesellschaft), one of the first such institutions in the world. Last but not least, scientists of the beginning of the 20th century are presented as well as the pioneers of science in Gdańsk after World War II, who had to rebuild the destroyed infrastructure and create the scientific life in Gdańsk from scratch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that FranzWärme enjoys a certain prominence and presence in Westphalia. Topics include considered that in Olpe, near which he was born in 1851, one can take the Franz-Wärme-Pilger- und Erlebnispfad and visit the Franz-Wärme-School; Streets are named after him in Paderborn, where he graduated from high school, and in Mönchengladbach, where he moved to in 1880, but also in Cologne, Krefeld, Leverkusen, Heessen, Raesfeld and elsewhere.

The article deals with the problem of using group-based foreign language learning in higher education establishments. The emphasis is on the advantages of small-group work in the foreign language classroom. The general models of using small groups are described in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the ways transitions to Higher Education are experienced and narrated by students with Vocational qualifications. Drawing upon the mixed-method project that documented transitions to HE, we utilise interview data to illustrate the centrality of the epistemic and pedagogical struggles that students with vocational background experience. More specifically, a process of differential epistemic positioning is evident in the participants' narratives. This manifests itself through a misrecognition of their worth in the field of HE. Further, pedagogical struggles were also narrated by the participants in relation to the teaching, learning and assessment regimes prevailing in HEIs. The paper concludes by arguing for the need to revisit the narrow and static policy framing that emphasises barriers to access. This requires addressing questions pertaining to pedagogy and knowledge, students' completion and retention rates and their ongoing engagement with the epistemic and pedagogical processes once they are within HE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to explore the nature of the humour generated when pairs of young children talk and draw together. Emphasis is on children's use of language since most of our humorous instances are expressed verbally rather than visually. Humour's various features proved to be highly complicated, however, as examples often transcend boundaries, so in order to facilitate debate our findings were classified and discussed under the following headings: preposterous statements, exaggeration and humorous anecdotes; telling jokes; singing and chanting, playing with words, and rhyming and repeating; bodily functions, body parts and nakedness; narrative humour related to drawing. Although we found many common elements, humour, in terms of its development and progression, appeared to depend on an increasing ability to manipulate language, a deepening understanding of the cultural context in which children lived and overall, a particularly strong sense of the absurd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on academic indictment of textualism. Topics include examines that textualism has in recent decades gained considerable prominence within the federal judiciary where legal scholars remain skeptical and critics argue that textualism is insensitive to the actual workings of Congress.