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Much recent scholarship in the field of media phenomenology has investigated the role of temporality in shaping our experience of digital media in everyday life, as well as the ethical and political ramifications that flow from it. Consistent with the central phenomenological tenet of locating the present as ontologically prior to any past origin, the idea is that in order to properly understand the texture of day-to-day digital navigation our focus should not be on discrete media texts or objects, but on the way they are experienced first and foremost as presents into which we find ourselves repeatedly thrown. The aim of this article is to establish an empirical framework for scrutinizing the ethical dimensions of digitally mediated temporal experience. The traces of this experience are not paths from a past or causal origin, but traces of mobility experienced as always-already presentness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Law Reform Association came in the wake of the Catholic Relief Act of April 1829, a period of mounting opinions for further constitutional change. Through the Law Reform Association, Bentham wanted to mobilise people to support the application of his philosophy in Britain and beyond. He argued that the English legal profession had a sinister interest in manipulating other members of society, and that only codification based on utilitarianism would rectify the defects of the common law. By August 1830, 41 people had been contacted, and their attitude towards the prospect of Bentham’s Law Reform Association and his philosophy reflects the extent to which Bentham kept the hopes of the Enlightenment – for a rational basis for social organisation – alive. Although most law reformers maintained certain reservations towards Bentham’s criticism of the common law, many accepted his analytical empiricism and viewed him as an important cultural icon of the Enlightenment. They also used him to support their own versions of law reform schemes, especially in the case of Henry Brougham’s Law Amendment Society from 1844. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reconstructs the major transformations in the Marburg neo-Kantian account of experience. By focusing on the problem of 'conceptualism', it traces connections between four issues that are central to the transcendental projects of the Marburg philosophers: the interpretation of Kant, the critique of experiential givenness, the account of objective cognition in science, and the relation between scientific and pre-scientific experience. My historical narrative identifies two shifts. The first is from Cohen's conceptualist answer to the threat of subjectivism to Cassirer's functionalist answer to empiricism. The second is from Cassirer's conceptualism about scientific experience to his symbolic non-conceptualism about everyday perception. My reconstruction reveals the fate of neo-Kantian conceptualism to be linked to the fate of pre-scientific perception and suggests that the continuing significance of the Marburg philosophers lies in their responses to the coming apart of the manifest and the scientific image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To shed light on and analyse the intersection between logical empiricism and qualitative nursing research, and to emphasize a post-structuralist critique to traditional methodological constraints. Methods: In this study, a critical examination is conducted through a post-structuralist lens, evaluating entrenched methodologies within nursing research. This approach facilitates a nuanced exploration of the intersection between logical empiricism and qualitative nursing research, challenging traditional methodological paradigms. Results: The article focusing on the "what abouts" of sample size, analytic framework, data source, data analysis, and rigour and methodological considerations, challenging the predominance of semi-structured interviews and the reliance on spoken voice as primary data sources, and re-evaluating the conventional notion of "rigour". Conclusions: I advocate for a shift from qualitative positivism towards more interpretive and post-qualitative inquiries, this work proposes new trajectories through interpretive, critical, post-qualitative, and artistic turns in nursing research, aiming to transcend positivist limitations and foster a plurality of perspectives and research as praxis. Implications emphasize the need for nursing researchers to expand methodological horizons, incorporating visual and artistic methods to enrich understanding and representation of health experiences, moving beyond positivist norms towards a more inclusive and ethically sound research paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the tension that existed between empiricism and the metaphysical underpinnings of Aristotelian natural philosophy in Spain during the sixteenth century. This tension was most apparent in the range of science practitioners described in this essay as "Doers" and "Thinkers." Using the figures of cosmographer Andrés García de Céspedes, architect Juan de Herrera, and theologians Benito Arias Montano and Francisco Suárez, this essay explains how they engaged with the limitations, but also the strengths of pre-Galilean natural philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textor's The Disappearance of the Soul and the Turn Against Metaphysics examines the voluntarist background of Schlick's epistemology, including his conception of knowledge as essentially involving judgements that relate at least two terms, and his connected objection against according intuition epistemic status. Textor interprets Schlick's conception of intuition in light of Schopenhauer's distinction between ordinary and extraordinary cognition. Thus Textor argues that Schlick takes intuition to be a form of “steady contemplation” (Disappearance, 348) of an object that is “either a universal or a particular” (332). I suggest an alternative interpretation, according to which Schlick takes intuition to be an immersion into the contents of the stream of consciousness, which he claims to be a formless “Heraclitian flux” (General Theory, 31, 156). This interpretation allows for a defence, against Textor's objections, of Schlick's thesis that the aim of knowledge is prediction. If the kind of flux given in pure intuition is genuinely ‘Heraclitian’ – that is to say, if the stream of consciousness is ever-changing and unrepeatable – then it is simply impossible for “the devotee of intuition” (General Theory, 150) to predict its course. By contrast, the process of re-cognition that constitutes knowledge is intimately tied to prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with two sociologists in different eras from the Stellenbosch University department. It notes that at times there is a tendency for sociologists to play a role outside the strictly academic terrain. Various categories and levels of such involvement can be discerned. The central issue in the article is to assess whether there were possible linkages—divergent as they might have been—between sociological training and elements of H. F. Verwoerd's and F. vZ. Slabbert's political outlooks. It calls for an explication of the sociological beliefs and theoretical perspectives they subscribed to and the ramifications thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Marxist debates surrounding the origins of capitalism, focusing on the "primitive accumulation of capital" as posited by Karl Marx and its implications for understanding the transition from feudalism to capitalism. Through an Althusserian lens emphasizing "overdetermination", the article examines three theories involved in two major intra-Marxist debates: the Brenner-Wallerstein controversy, and the Wallerstein-Frank exchange. This analysis contends that Wallerstein's framework adheres more closely to historical materialism, despite its one concept related to empiricism (the concept of "World-System"). Both Brenner's and Frank's frameworks devolve into empiricist analysis—Brenner into humanism and Frank into historicism—making their theories on the origin of capitalism completely wrong. The article asserts that a proper understanding of capitalism's origins must account for the "overdetermination", meaning the dominant relation of production defining the "totality of the relations of production" during a specific historical period. Such an understanding would lead to considering the social role of colonialism in the development of capitalism as a mode of production. Ultimately, the article argues that while Wallerstein's theory is the most accurate in its historical materialist approach, its "World-System" conceptualization blurs essential Marxist principles, necessitating a return to the orthodox framework of the "mode of production". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the Universality Argument that pleasure is goodness. It proceeds from a moral sense theory that analyzes moral concepts as concerned with what all should hope for, feel guilty about, and admire. This requires rejecting the view that moral judgment concerns empirically inaccessible norms governing action. The first premise defines goodness as what should please all. The second premise reduces should to perceptual accuracy. The third premise invokes a standard of universal accuracy: qualitative identity. Since the pleasure of all is accurate solely about pleasure, pleasure is goodness, or universal moral value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'great divide' in the metaphysics of science is between Humean approaches—which reduce scientific laws (and related modalities) to patterns of occurrent facts—and anti-Humean approaches—where laws stand apart from the patterns of events, making those events hold. There is a vast literature on this debate, with many problems raised for the Humean. But a major problem comes right at the start—what's the motivation for Humeanism in the first place? This is rather unclear. In fact Maudlin, and other anti-Humeans, claim that there is no good motivation for Humeanism. I criticize a few influential approaches to motivating Humeanism—in particular those based on empiricism, pragmatism, and fidelity to science. In their place I suggest a different type of motivation, which has not received much attention in the literature, that rests on considerations of the role of unification in scientific understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty years after the introduction of posttraumatic growth (PTG), research on the concept has expanded dramatically. Novel theoretical perspectives included in this special issue, however, demonstrate that nearly every element of PTG requires revision. "Post" implies a definitive before and after adversity that simply does not exist, either empirically or in the everyday navigation of adversity, especially for marginalized people. "Trauma" is appropriately scaled to the gravity of some forms of adversity, yet the term is often overly pathologizing or flattening of individual experience. And "growth" is often misleading, difficult to operationalize, and always value-laden. Studying PTG requires grappling with these claims in a way that can inspire pessimism. What is left in PTG after we question the P, T, and G? In asking this question, we ultimately encounter the limits of empiricism. Drawing insights from contemporary research in lifespan development, we suggest that it may be impossible to prospectively predict, using individual-level variables, how people grapple with adversity and develop after it. There are limits to our understanding of PTG that may simply be insurmountable. But complementary perspectives in narrative research, especially those espoused in this issue, as well as in the humanities and the arts, offer a way forward. Retrospectively understanding adverse events and taking an idiographic and qualitative perspective on the ways in which people navigate them can both humanize and bolster inclusivity in PTG research. We conclude by suggesting a period of enhanced divergent exploration, one that embraces disciplinary humility and epistemological and methodological pluralism to further understand PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While professional curiosity is a key attribute in nursing education and clinical practice, this is a complex and ambiguous concept in nursing and there has been limited research to explore its dimensions. Therefore, there is caution in the implementation and open discussion of this concept. Objective: The purpose of this article is to analyze the concept of professional curiosity in nursing. Design: The concept analysis approach developed by Walker and Avant was used to guide this manuscript. Data Sources: A comprehensive review of the literature on professional curiosity in nursing was conducted using the electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed without a time limit until 2023. The search terms included curiosity, professional curiosity, and nursing. Results: The antecedents, attributes, and consequences of professional curiosity were identified from 17 articles. Based on the analysis of the included articles, professional curiosity in nursing refers to nurses' interest and enthusiasm for continuous exploration and learning, research and in‐depth investigation in the field of nursing knowledge, and patients' experiences. The determining attributes include questioning and ongoing exploration, doubting present information, enthusiasm for discovering and learning, motivation for better understanding, creativity, professional relationships, and empathy. Conclusion: This concept analysis helps nurses to understand the concept of professional curiosity correctly and to understand that having professional curiosity does not cross professional boundaries but is vital for increasing the quality of patient care, and this has a significant impact on their professional growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) requires the use of chemical descriptors which are either empirical or non-empirical. Although the ease of computation of computationally derived parameters such as given by ChemDraw software like CAA, CMA, CSEV and Dragon parameters like Au, Nc, Vs, TIC3, ATS2p etc. are easier to be used in the QSAR studies, but they still lack the biological interpretation as no prior knowledge of their physicochemical significance and their interrelationship is available. Therefore, the QSAR models developed using such parameters may be useful only in prediction of activity but are meaningless in terms of understanding the mode of action of the bioactive molecules. Thus, to fulfil this knowledge gap, and in continuation of our earlier work on physicochemical significance of topological parameters this study has been attempted to understand the empiricism of such computationally derived parameters in terms of their physicochemical significance. Here, we report that most of the ChemDraw and Dragon computed parameters are also best correlated with MR similar to topological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using "catchphrases" as the keyword, this paper examines research literature (1995--2023) on catchphrases in China sourced from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Utilizing CiteSpace for visualization analysis, it clarifies the current state of research on Chinese social catchphrases and identifies hotspots and evolution trends within the field. T he findings reveal that the hotspots of research on social catchphrases in China involve text, discourse practice, and social practice, encompassing main research topics such as language structure, dissemination mechanisms, discourse meanings, and social mentality. However, current studies often focus on case analyses while ignoring the influence of macro social conditions on the production of catchphrases and neglecting the discourse production perspective regarding media events. Additionally, there is a lack of exploration of the subjects of discourse production. Future research should emphasize the long-term tracking of holistic research on catchphrases, focus on the intertextual influences between social context and the discourse production of catchphrases, place emphasis on the roles of Chinese mainstream media and digital media platforms in the discourse production and dissemination of catchphrases, attach importance to systematic investigations into the subjectivity of discourse production, and classify the research on the discourse governance of catchphrases as a key research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are a non-invasive neuro-electrophysiological technique that offers high resolution, real-time continuous measurements, as well as multidimensional probing capabilities, of the temple area of the head. These features enable precise, real-time brain activity measurements, making ERPs a preferred tool for linguistic researchers over the past five decades. This paper reviews the ERP applications and their significance in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research. By analyzing the cognitive changes in the bilingual language processing mechanisms and language switching processes during SLA, this paper aims to demonstrate how ERPs provide in-depth insights into the cognitive mechanisms of SLA. In addition, this paper explores the prospects for ERP applications and the directions for their technological advancement in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-developed financial market system is crucial for supporting high-quality development in the new era. Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) are essential for enabling financial markets to facilitate new industrialization while accelerating the development of a manufacturing powerhouse. Therefore, research on IPO mechanism reform holds significant practical implications. This paper examines the impact of China's IPO mechanism reform by studying the equilibrium relationship between the primary market and the lending market. Using empirical analysis, we compare the average return on online subscriptions for newly listed shares using the risk-free rate before and after China's 2015 IPO mechanism reform, as well as analyze the underlying mechanisms driving excess returns during both periods. Our findings indicate a gradual alignment of returns in the primary and lending markets, with institutional arbitrage opportunities between them diminishing. The reforms have effectively enhanced market mechanisms, improved pricing capabilities, rationalized participant behavior, and optimized the securities market ecosystem. These improvements have contributed to the market's equilibrium and enhanced the market's ability to interpret information. However, further improvements to the IPO mechanism are necessary, including deeper market-oriented reforms, standardization of participant behavior, acceleration of a comprehensive registration system, and stronger information disclosure and quality management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative research plays an instrumental role in facilitating health and wellness. Effective interventions are developed, assessed, and refined through the application of logic and empirical evidence in a scientific milieu characterized by diverse views. However, the increasing colonization of academic discourse by postmodern/critical theory (PCT) may undermine foundational concepts upon which quantitative research rests. The postpositivist tradition in which quantitative methods are embedded emphasizes probabilistic truth, logic, empirical evidence, and the interplay of diverse, frequently conflicting perspectives. Conversely, some currents of thought within PCT emphasize multiple realities, intuition, personal stories of lived experience, and the exclusion of views that challenge PCT tenets. The increasing adoption of these concepts in academia may limit or even delegitimize quantitative research as currently practiced in social work. We conclude by arguing that social work clients are best served by a scientific discourse that values multiple theoretical frameworks, research methodologies, and scientists operating from different social locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophers often rely on sciences of their own time. This is especially true for scientists writing philosophical works. In the case of Ernst Mach, the scientific references are mainly to physics, physiology, evolutionary biology and—in a somewhat different manner—the new discipline of psychology. Like so many authors in the late 19th century, Mach had extreme confidence in the methods of the natural sciences. However, this trait, often called scientism or positivism, can easily be used in polemical accounts that obscure other aspects of Mach's thought. Mach is well-known for both his analysis of sensations and his evolutionary conception of perception and knowledge. The tension between the ambition to clarify the empirical basis of perception on the one hand and the focus on the natural origins of human perception on the other hand is, however, considerable. A comparison of these two perspectives can contribute to an ontological understanding of experience that sheds new light on the much-discussed topic of sense data and at the same time clarifies the difference between experience and observation and the role of experimental science in this context. In some respects, Mach seems closer to William James than to his followers in the Vienna circle. The accusation of idealism made by Lenin in his influential critique of positivism overlooks the implications of this naturalist approach but offers the occasion to dwell on the ontological implications of something that can be called natural historicity. Comparisons with Aristotle, Bacon, Descartes and Kant situate the empiricist theory of perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this article is to lay the epistemological groundwork for investigating how the digital present is experienced as present. This is significant because, given the ontological priority of the present in phenomenological inquiry, this gets us closest to capturing digitally mediated experience itself. It will be argued that this does not mean pathologizing the pervasive digitization of everyday life, and the digital age affords researchers an abundance of resources previously unavailable or elusive. The temporal experience of the unfolding present cannot be made a direct object of conscious cognition, which raises two serious concerns. The first is the possibility that digital actants such as algorithms can intervene in, exploit and modify temporal experience in ways that fly under the radar. The second is the challenge of constructing an epistemology and empiricism up to the task of investigating such phenomena in the pursuit of ethical principles including autonomy and accountability. In theoretical terms the article takes a phenomenological approach in which the present is always ontologically prior to any notion of an origin: in short, we always begin from the experience of finding ourselves thrown into a present – including a presently embodied self – that exceeds our grasp. The experience of temporality is the unfolding of that grasping, of disclosing the world by navigating and acting in it, and that means that understanding it is not a matter of excavating or working backwards to account for how we got to where we are, but mobility from the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its beginnings psychiatry controversely debated about the appropriate concept of illness, about nosology and the diagnostic terms and procedures based upon it. This paper discusses the approaches introduced by Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926), Karl Jaspers (1883–1969) and Arthur Kronfeld (1886–1941). Whereas Kraepelin postulated the existence of «natural entities» with regard to mental illness, Jaspers acknowledged the heuristic value of the term «disease entity», but declared it a «regulative idea» in a Kantian sense, i.e. an appropriate and useful, albeit never fully achievable aim. Kronfeld, in a way situated «between» Kraepelin and Jaspers, defended the notion of disease entities. However, he spoke clearly against primarily anchoring these entities in neighbouring scientific fields like neurobiology or social sciences. Psychiatry should stay (or become) «autological», in the first place using the psychological perspective. In full respect for neighbouring approaches as scientific fields in their own right, he rejected their premature transfer to mental phenomena as «heterological», i.e. as unduly narrowing down the scope of psychiatry. These issues, up to debate 100 years ago, still are of utmost relevance for psychiatry in the 21st century, a field struggling with its rather fragile scientific identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What kind of institution has the North American Association for the Study of Religion (NAASR) been in the past? What might it become in the future? In this 2024 presidential address, Craig Martin reflects on the history of the institution, considers the shared interests and intellectual investments that have drawn people to it over the last two scholarly generations, and suggests a vision for the future which respects the past while simultaneously moving us forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accounts of scientific explanation disagree about what's required for a cause, law, or other fact to be a reason why an event occurs. In short, they disagree about the conditions for explanatory relevance. Nonetheless, most accounts presuppose that claims about explanatory relevance play a descriptive role in tracking reality. By rejecting the need for this descriptivist assumption, I develop an expressivist account of explanatory relevance and explanation: to judge that an answer is explanatory is to express an attitude of being for being satisfied by that answer. I show how expressivism vindicates ordinary scientific discourse about explanation, including claims about the objectivity and mind-independence of explanations. By avoiding commitment to ontic relevance relations, I rehabilitate an irrealist conception of explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by Bas van Fraassen's Stance Empiricism, Anjan Chakravartty has developed a pluralistic account of what he calls epistemic stances towards scientific ontology. In this paper, I examine whether Chakravartty's stance pluralism can exclude epistemic stances that licence pseudo-scientific practices like those found in Scientology. I argue that it cannot. Chakravartty's stance pluralism is therefore prone to a form of debilitating relativism. Consequently, we need (1) some ground or constraint in relation to which epistemic stances can be ranked by degrees, and (2) some way to demarcate science from pseudo-science so that we know what epistemic stances are about. Regarding (1), I argue that empirical detectability can serve as the ground in relation to which epistemic stances are ranked by degrees. Regarding (2), I argue for ranking sciences on a continuum according to established institutional criteria, rather than attempting to draw a strict demarcation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aim to show from a new perspective that Quine's ontological relativity, based largely on his so-called "proxy-function argument", falls short of being a rigorously coherent philosophical conception, as it exhibits significant formal defects. This new perspective enables exposing the shortcomings of Quine's position and suggests a possible reformulation of the original position. Moreover, we argue that his ontological relativity is inconsistent with the empirical data associated with some of our best physical theories, such as quantum mechanics. We refer to fundamental concepts of philosophy and the foundations of mathematics in order to clarify our critique of Quine's position concerning the relation between formalized theories and both what we can know about the real world and how we come to know it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until the mid-nineteenth century, "physiology" was a comprehensive theory of life, expounded and shaped by Johannes P. Müller (1801–1858). Biologists and medical doctors still refer to him today. In the summer term of 1851, Müller gave a lecture on the Comparative Anatomy of animals. This lecture was attended and recorded by Ernst Zeller (1830–1902), a future physician and zoologist, and has recently been published together with a German transcript. In this paper, we situate Johannes Müller within the intellectual history of his time. Through his "empirical idealism," we show how he opposed the speculative tendencies of the romantic understanding of nature, the emerging evolutionism, and the growing splits in the natural sciences. Müller focused on recognizing living nature as a whole and realizing ideal "phenomena" through his empirical research. He considered the notion of the soul of the world. Müller's lecture transcript serves as a poignant testament to German scientific culture in the mid-nineteenth century, a few years before the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species. It also provides valuable insights into the self-contained epistemological foundations of morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Spain's positioning in the shifting currents of the later Enlightenment through the polemic works of lawyer and satirist Juan Pablo Forner. Forner's attempts to prove the existence of an autochthonous tradition of Spanish pragmatism and empiricism form an index of the penetration of intra‐Enlightenment debates into Spanish thought in the late eighteenth century. Forner, profoundly aware of tensions between Cartesian rationalism and Lockean sentimental empiricism across Europe, intervenes on the side of empiricism, insisting that Cartesianism is nothing but a guise of Scholastic hyperrationalism. The article disputes scholarly perceptions of Forner as a Christian reactionary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both metaphysics and cognitive science raise the question of what natural concepts or properties are. A link between the two is notoriously hard to establish. I propose to take natural concepts or properties to be those that are revealed in interaction. The concept of affordances is refined and naturalized to spell out how interacting with objects grounds concepts. I will call this account "Ecological Empiricism". I argue that the notion of naturalness within this framework turns out to be a gradable – there are more or less natural properties – and dependent on the perspective taken – metaphysically natural properties are different from cognitive natural properties. From a metaphysical point of view, perfect correlations between actions and sensory input are relevant, which are best approximated by scientific measurement. For cognition, simple or basic actions are relevant. Although metaphysical and cognitive naturalness does not coincide according to Ecological Empiricism, it presents a common framework with a uniform conception of naturalness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blast-induced vibration during excavation by drilling and blasting method has an important impact on the surrounding structures. In particular, with the development of tunnel engineering, the impact of blasting vibration on tunnel construction has attracted extensive attention. In this paper, the propagation attenuation characteristics of blast-induced vibration (PPV, peak particle velocity) on different tunnel structures were systematically studied based on the field monitoring data. Initially, the attenuation characteristics of blasting vibration PPV on the lower bench surface, the side wall of the excavated tunnel and the closely spaced adjacent tunnel were investigated. Subsequently, the capacity of several widely utilized empirical prediction equations to estimate the PPV on tunnel structures was examined, along with a comparative analysis of their prediction accuracy. The research findings indicate that it is feasible to predict the PPV on the tunnel structures using empirical equations. The attenuation characteristics of blasting vibration PPV are different in different structures and directions. The prediction accuracy of the empirical equations varies, while the discrepancies are minimal. The principal variation among these equations lies in the site-specific coefficients k, β, λ, highlighting the differential impact of structural and directional considerations on the predictive efficacy. Based on the empirical equation and safe PPV provided by the blasting vibration safe standards on tunnels of China (GB6722-2014), and considering the influence of all structures and directions, it is determined that the safe distance of blasting vibration in the tested tunnel project should be larger than 20.28-18.31 m, 18.31-16.16 m, and 16.16-13.75 m for blasting vibration frequency located in ≤10 Hz, 10-50 Hz, and >50 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilfred Sellars appears in Bas C. van Fraassen's The Scientific Image as one of van Fraassen's primary realist opponents. However, little attention has been paid to Sellars's influence on van Fraassen's constructive empiricism and van Fraassen's criticisms of Sellarsian realism, despite the significant impact of The Scientific Image on the realism debate and recent renewed interest in Sellars's scientific realism. In the first half of this article, I argue that reading The Scientific Image against a Sellarsian background helps clarify and justify van Fraassen's controversial characterization of scientific realism. Sellars and van Fraassen each inhabit a recognizable position in the other's description of the realism debate and can reciprocally recognize the other as inhabiting the opposing position. The second half of this article reconstructs van Fraassen's objections to Sellarsian realism in The Scientific Image and its precursors. I argue that van Fraassen's criticisms of Sellarsian realism significantly developed between his 1975 paper, "Wilfrid Sellars on Scientific Realism" and his 1980 book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is twofold. First, I present a framework called historical coherentism (Chang, 2004; Tal, 2016; Van fraassen 2008) and argue that it is the best epistemological framework available to tackle the problem of coordination, an epistemic conundrum that arises with every attempt to provide empirical content to scientific theories, models or statements. Second, I argue that the problem of coordination, which has so far been theorized only in the context of measurement practices (Reichenbach, 1927; Chang, 2001; Tal, 2012; Van fraassen 2008), can be generalized beyond the philosophy of measurement. Specifically, it will be shown that the problem is embodied in classificatory practices and that, consequently, historical coherentism is well suited to analyze these practices as well as metrological ones. As a case study, I look at a contemporary debate in phylogenetics, regarding the evolutionary origin of a newly identified archaeal phylum called Methanonatronarchaeia. Exploring this debate through the lens of historical coherentism provides a detailed understanding of the dynamics of the field and a foothold for critical analyses of the standard rationale used by practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence‐based practice is the principle governing a range of healthcare practices and beyond. However, it has suffered from a lack of philosophical rigour. This paper sets out to analyse the epistemological basis of evidence‐based practice. Method: The paper uses a conceptual analysis. First, it describes the implicit epistemology at work in evidence‐based practice. Second, it evaluates the implicit epistemological basis. Results: The analysis indicates that evidence‐based practice lacks an explicit epistemological basis. It shows, moreover, that the implicit epistemological basis is untenable. Conclusion: There is a need to re‐think the epistemological basis for evidence‐based practice. Evidence‐based practice is out of touch with developments within philosophy of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between inward investments and local firms' productivity is contingent on several contextual conditions that collectively define the ability of firms and regions to recognise, assimilate and commercially apply external knowledge. Yet the empirical literature has been unable to account efficiently for such multidimensional sources of heterogeneous externalities. We introduce a novel two-stage empirical methodology that allows accounting for a wide range of moderating circumstances. Relying on a sample of 11,000 UK firms over the period 2012–2018, we show that while the nature of places affects the potential externalities from multinational enterprises (MNEs), what matters more are firm-level characteristics. This has important implications for regional policy, particularly in understanding the drivers of inequality, both within and across regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with Thomas Hobbes' conception of the state of nature. Deviating from its interpretation as a logically indispensable hypothesis for the purpose of the individualist-contractualist legitimation of the state, the article directs the discussion away from the question of the state of nature's status within Hobbes' anthropological or legal framework and towards the issue of where and what kind of evidence for this narrative is supposed to be found. If one interrogates this narrative in epistemological terms, an interpretative perspective is opened up in which ordinary forms of competitive and exploitative behaviour as well as of unmediated rule are of central importance, and the consideration of the state of nature as both a situational-relational and gradual concept is made possible as well as necessary. This contribution not only shows how such interpretative possibility is substantiated by the primary sources, but also asks how it relates to Hobbes' own reflections on knowledge and scientific method. It is shown that what is crucial here is not the distinction between empirical and idealist approach, but the one between two kinds of experience, the second of which corresponds to a nominalist view of knowledge about politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolf Meyer (1866–1950), a Swiss-born American psychiatrist, was a prominent figure in the development of Anglo-American psychiatry. He rose to prominence as the president of the American Psychiatric Association. His psychobiological approach emphasized a holistic understanding of mental illness, integrating social, psychological, and biological factors. This laid the foundation for a new approach to psychiatry focusing on individualized care and the importance of social adaptation as a biological function. Meyer’s work challenged traditional biomedical views by advocating for a comprehensive model that considered the mind and body as interconnected entities. He was directly responsible for transforming “insane asylums” into “mental hospitals.”

This paper investigates how the members of the Kigye Yu lineage imagined and invented their ancestral roots during the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910) and how such a pursuit of ancestral origins led to subsequent developments in genealogical records. As early as the fifteenth century, Chosŏn elites began to show interests in genealogy that included identifying remote ancestors from ancient times for various political, social, and cultural reasons. From the seventeenth century, the transformation of kinship organization in line with the Confucian ideal of patriliny and elites' competition for power and prestige intensified genealogical consciousness. Elites became heavily invested in searching for ancestral origins in the form of their lineages' founders and their tombs. While claiming to rely on documentary and physical evidence, elites often deviated from their professed empiricism and adopted evidence from dubious sources such as oral testimonies and geomancy to rationalize invented ancestral roots. Such pliable approaches, often observed in other early modern cultures such as late imperial China and Europe, opened a floodgate of lineages glorifying their ancestry by pushing their origins back even to mythical founders of ancient Korean and Chinese kingdoms, and adorning their lineages with invented heroes. At the same time, loopholes and blank spots in genealogies enabled quasi- and nonelites to become a member of prominent lineages by grafting their names onto their family trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kataleptic impression—an impression that is, in some special way, "true and such as could not be false"—is at the core of Stoic epistemology. Since Gisela Striker's groundbreaking work on the criterion of truth, the dominant view among scholars is that the Stoics restricted kataleptic impressions to certain perceptual impressions. I argue that the Stoics in fact countenanced nonperceptual kataleptic impressions and explain how they thought nonperceptual impressions can meet the definition of the kataleptic impression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is little consensus about whether Kant intends his Critique of Pure Reason to change the mind of a skeptical empiricist such as Hume. I challenge a common assumption made by both sides of the debate. This is the thought that Kant can convince skeptics only if he does not beg the question against them. Surprisingly, I argue, that is not how Kant sees things. On Kant's view, skeptical empiricism is an inherently unstable and unsatisfying position, which skeptics cannot help wanting to escape. Kant's Critique , and especially its Transcendental Deduction, offers thinkers like Hume an appealing means of escape, by explaining a possible relation of the mind to the objects of knowledge that skeptics have overlooked. On Kant's view of skeptics as inherently dissatisfied with their position, the offer of an explanation can change their minds while neither refuting nor appealing to their skeptical empiricism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project now known as Governing Knowledge Commons, or GKC, was launched more than 15 years ago on the intuition that skepticism of intellectual property law and information exclusivity was grounded in anecdote and ideology rather than in empiricism. Structured, systematic, empirical research on mechanisms of knowledge sharing was needed. GKC aimed to help scholars produce it. Over multiple books, case studies, and other work, the scope of GKC has expanded considerably, from innovation to governance; from invention and creativity to data, privacy, and markets; and from social dilemmas focused on things to governance strategies directed to communities and collectives. This short Article describes the origins, functions, successes, limitations, and ambitions of GKC research, aligning it with questions of law as well as with the many roles of information in 21st century society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the history of Home Office research on racism between 1976 and 1997. By analysing archival materials, the article focusses on the methodological orientations and bureaucratic negotiations associated with this corpus of administrative criminological studies. The article describes how Home Office criminologists adopted a stance that privileged quantification, restudies and aligning its research with pre-existing policy paradigms of Situational Crime Prevention and multi-agency coordination. In response to campaigners' calls for racial justice, Home Office policy officials used this research to demonstrate governmental concern, manage media coverage and coordinate community stakeholders. The article argues that British criminology should move beyond dismissing administrative criminology as 'theoretical empiricism' to enable a more critical appraisal of the entangled histories of racism, criminology and crime policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the development of the research project “Training scenarios mediators of the biopraxis of children in the context of poverty”, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia, we see that there are other proposed teaching holistic and ecological, derived from new epistemologies, and from here arises the need to write and publish this article, which reflects about the object and objective, and the subject and the subjective, establishing a dialectic between objective and subjective social and human scientific activity. The current alternative social and human orientations do not exceed the theoretical plane, so that this article is an exhortation to move away for positivism and empiricism, not only from the application of qualitative techniques and methods, but from the ontological analysis of the object of study social and human and the epistemological argument of the subject of research, in correspondence with the ontic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficulties in placing Newman in a philosophical school or in putting some sort of shape on Newman the philosopher stem in part from Newman's (understandable) near failure to guide the reader as to his overt philosophical method. On the other hand, in the many discussions and controversies that occupied Newman throughout his life—whether conducted through letters or more formal writings—there is gathering witness to a consistent philosophical way in Newman. This paper seeks to put some shape on Newman the philosopher by two principal methods. First, by considering some inaccurate or wholly misleading philosophical labels which have been attached to Newman both in his day and in contemporary times. These help, as it were, to shape Newman the philosopher from without. Second, by examining those elements of his writing that have a philosophical cast, and teasing out hints and clues to Newman the philosopher. The paper argues that while Newman can most certainly be thought of as a philosopher, his subtle philosophical way situates him only problematically in any particular philosophical school, though there can in his work be traced connections to particular philosophical programmes, such as, for example, British empiricism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental cinema has been considered a format beyond the dominant stream of narrative cinema, focusing on the exploration of cinema's formal components. On this basis, the current article aims to analyze the main elements of this filmmaking format in search of an aesthetic framework. Therefore, the theoretical approach of empiricism in the philosophy of art is employed, as the views of its thinkers can offer insights into the aesthetic dimensions of this type of cinema. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach, and by describing the main components of experimental cinema, it moves toward an analytical reading of these characteristics in the opinions of empiricists. The research findings indicate that experimental cinema possesses distinctive characteristics, the most important being its effect on human (sensory) perception. This perception is not bound by the narrative, logical, or other constraints of the dominant popular cinema, but rather challenges the viewer, moving toward psychological and technical innovation based on sensory, intellectual, and even instrumental foundations, and most importantly, a kind of intuition in perception. Hence, a conventional machine-causal aesthetic framework cannot accommodate such a non-normative, abstract, and fluid goal in artistic creation and perception. The research evidence suggests that the organon of this sensory-driven experimental cinema can be grounded in the aesthetics of 18th-century empiricists. This thought considers beauty a subjective issue, whose reference is not the object itself but the individual's mind, which plays the main role in defining beauty. In fact, aesthetic subjectivism denies the internality of aesthetic qualities in the essence of objects and claims that what makes an object beautiful is the unique reaction it evokes in the subject. This intuitive understanding goes so far as to reject the idea of beauty as proportionality, dismissing it as a goal tied to utility or perfection; beauty, in this view, is not seen as the product of reason. As a result, this system of thought prioritizes intuition over logic and causal rules in the realm of creation, understanding, and judgment, all of which are based on individual experiences in sensory perception-the essence of experimental cinema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses arguments from my recent book, Empiricisms: Experience and Experiment from Antiquity to the Anthropocene (2021). I discuss the origin of empiricism in ancient Greek medicine, and its merger with experimental research in the modern period. I also discuss the arguments of recent critics of empiricism, including W. V. Quine, Donald Davidson, and Richard Rorty. I introduce a distinction between theorematic and problematic empiricism and show how this difference divides the various empiricisms of history. My conclusions are: 1. Knowledge requires experience; results have to be tested, which takes experience. 2. The "experience" of empirical philosophy is the experience from which we learn. 3. Experimental values are many, but truth is not one of them. 4. Empiricism began as an antidote to rationalism, and that remains its vocation today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides and justifies a broader definition of a 'law-breaking event' than that adopted by D. Lewis who identifies this concept with the notion of an event that falsifies the laws of nature in his sense of 'falsification'. It is pointed out that the broader definition is the key to answering C. Ginet's objection against local miracle compatibilism. It also allows a neutral reconstruction of one of the disagreements underlying the compatibilism debate about the ability to do otherwise, i.e., the disagreement over nomological possibility of alternative action in a deterministic world. Under this reconstruction, neither the incompatibilist nor the compatibilist can take advantage of the concept of a law-breaking event to show that their opponent's view is false. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 1980s, Professor Zeng Yongcheng of Chengdu University has been researching aesthetics. By tracing the origins of the ecological aesthetic ideas of philosophers such as Marx, Dewey, and Whitehead, he explored a human-centered ecological aesthetic approach based on generative ontology and eventually developed an aesthetic paradigm known as generative ontology of beauty. Over the course of more than 40 years, he has published several monographs, including Resonance and Becoming (1991), Green Thinking in Literature and Art: An Introduction to Literary Ecology (2000), Returning to Practice-Oriented Anthropology (2005), The Ecological Spirit in Dewey's Aesthetic Empiricism (co-authored, 2018), Becoming and Aesthetics (2021), and People Who Live for Beauty (2022). His exploration of human-centered ecological aesthetics has become one of the influential theoretical frameworks in contemporary ecological aesthetics. As Professor Zeng approached his 80s, he revisited Kant's works and was thrilled to discover the "dialectics of nature" in the second volume of Kant's Critique of Judgment, which explains the theory of natural generative organic systems. Inspired by this discovery, Professor Zeng proposes that the theory of organic systems is, in fact, a method of ecological thinking. This inherently imbues Kantian aesthetics with profound ecological significance and, in turn, positions it as a foundational source and theoretical basis for contemporary ecological aesthetics. 2024 marks the 300th anniversary of Kant's birth. To commemorate this great philosopher's pioneering contribution to the ecological turn in aesthetics, Poyang Lake Journal has planned a special issue on Professor Zeng Yongcheng's research on Kantian ecological aesthetics. Professor Gong Lijuan of Guangxi Minzu University was commissioned to conduct an academic interview with Professor Zeng. The interview focused on the ecological implications of Kantian aesthetics and its relationship with contemporary ecological aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commentators in this Special Issue on 'Epistemology, ontology, and scientific realism' raise substantial questions about, and objections to, central aspects of my own thinking about semirealism (a proposal for how best to formulate scientific realism), as well as the larger philosophical context in which debates about scientific realism unfold. This larger context concerns the nature of realism more generally and the epistemic stances that underlie our considered opinions of what the sciences are telling us about the ontology of the world. In this paper, I consider my critics' remarks, and endeavor to lay their criticisms to rest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]