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Disappointment and bitterness, mixed with envy and a desperate hope for a better future, are the night soil in which demagogues are hatched. But despite their populist bluster, demagogues are saboteurs of democracy, driven by an urge to ditch and destroy the checks and balances vital to restraining abuses of power. Unless checked, demagogues are the harbingers of a new, 21st-century form of despotism: a corrupted, phantom democracy in which periodic elections are held but the rich become super-rich and omnipotent—while most of the populace is gripped by feelings of powerlessness when it comes to the big decisions shaping everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"An Anatomy of Witchcraft: Between Cognitive Sciences and History" by Oscar Di Simplicio and Martina Di Simplicio explores the intersection of cognitive sciences and witchcraft studies. The book delves into the origins of witchcraft as a cerebral representation and discusses the concept of evil as malefice. The interdisciplinary study by a historian and a clinical senior lecturer in psychiatry examines the biological drive of witchcraft and its historical manifestations, challenging traditional perspectives on the phenomenon. [Extracted from the article]

We consider priority-based school choice problems with farsighted students. We show that a singleton set consisting of the matching obtained from the Top Trading Cycles (TTC) mechanism is a farsighted stable set. However, the matching obtained from the Deferred Acceptance (DA) mechanism may not belong to any farsighted stable set. Hence, the TTC mechanism provides an assignment that is not only Pareto efficient but also farsightedly stable. Moreover, looking forward three steps ahead is already sufficient for stabilizing the matching obtained from the TTC. In addition, we show that variations of TTC that improve in terms of no justified envy are farsightedly stable, but may require more farsightedness on behalf of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social comparisons are one of the most ubiquitous behaviors that individuals, groups, and firms undertake. In particular, social comparison theory is based upon the premise that actors are motivated to engage in comparisons and that decisions throughout this process impact employees' core self-evaluations, team relations, executives' behaviors, firm prestige, and more. However, despite the prevalence of the phenomenon—and thereby the frequent application of the theory in organizational studies—a synopsis of the theory's underpinnings and extant findings remains absent. Here, we present a state-of-the-art review that summarizes the theory's history and mechanics and critically examines how social comparison theory has been applied in organizational studies across multiple levels of analysis. In particular, we identify several problems within the literature, including patterns of theoretical imprecision when applying the theory, lopsided attention paid to the micro-level of analysis, and an underappreciation of subjective comparisons. In addition to discussing the extant literature and common methodological approaches, we present a simplified model of social comparisons. Based on this new theory-building, we discuss ways the field can move forward to reconcile some of the identified problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on attachment theory, this study explore the relationship between father absence and benign/malicious envy, as well as the moderating mechanism. Results show that father absence negatively predicts benign envy and positively predicts malicious envy. Furthermore, social support mediates between father absence and benign envy, while core self-evaluation mediates the link between father absence and malicious envy. More importantly, father absence could influence malicious envy through the chain mediating path of ‘social support - core self-evaluation’. The results reveals the specific mechanism that helps to inhibit negative effects of father absence on envy, and enriched relative theories about envy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research is the core of academic life. However, unlike its traditional structure, academia has become increasingly competitive due to the increasing expectation of publications through international rankings. Scholars put more effort into publishing, teaching, and other commitments. Over the years, the number of co-authored articles has also increased. Therefore, this study aims to empirically investigate the effects of journal selection on scholars' burnout and envy feelings and analyze its direct impacts on job and life satisfaction. Our results are based on the assessment of 291 questionnaire surveys collected among scholars studying tourism and affiliated with different countries. Results confirm the continuous publish-or-perish trend, and it discloses the unspoken agenda of academia by proving the inciting role of well-known journals over scholars studying tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of social networking sites increases opportunities for upward social comparison, potentially affecting individuals' subjective well‐being. However, research on how this comparison impacts well‐being's sub‐components (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) is scarce. This study, based on social comparison theory and the full theoretical construct of subjective well‐being, explores these relationships and their mechanisms. A total of 970 Chinese youth participants (Mage = 19.42 years, SD = 2.01) completed self‐report measures. The results showed that the independent mediating effect of envy and the chain mediating effect of self‐concept clarity and envy contributed to all three models. In addition, the independent mediating effect of self‐concept clarity only contributed to the model for negative affect. This study emphasizes that the construct of envy mediates the effect of upward social comparison on the sub‐components of subjective well‐being and further demonstrates a strong impact of upward social comparison on negative affect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malicious envy causes behavior that lowers an envied person's position, whereas benign envy causes behavior that heightens an envious person's position. We considered that the emotional core of malicious envy might be negative emotion toward the envied person, whereas the emotional core of benign envy might be negative emotion toward the self. To test this idea, we manipulated the causes of another's success (luck vs. effort), which has been shown to be a factor in the occurrence of malicious or benign envy, and examined the influence on emotion and motivation. The results showed that negative emotion toward an envied person mediated the effect that participants in the luck condition experienced stronger motivation aimed at pulling the envied person's position down than those in the effort condition. The results also demonstrated that negative emotion toward the self mediated the effect that participants in the effort condition felt stronger motivation aimed at improving their own situation than those in the luck condition. These results supported our idea about the core emotions of malicious and benign envy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the influence of upward social comparison on social networking sites on individual well-being, as well as the role of envy and nature connectedness, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1078 college students. The results indicated: (1) upward social comparison on social networking sites had a significant negative effect on well-being; (2) envy played a mediating role in the relationship between upward social comparison on social networking sites and well-being; and (3) nature connectedness moderated the direct effect of upward social comparison on social networking sites on well-being and the mediating effect of envy. The present study revealed the relationship between upward social comparison on SNSs and well-being and its internal mechanism, providing concrete ways to intervene individual well-being in the Internet era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outcome of the 2020 U.S. election between Trump and Biden evoked strong emotions. In U.S. American (Study 1; N = 405) and German (Study 2; N = 123) samples, we investigated how observers' group membership (i.e. political orientation) and the social rank attainment of both candidates (i.e. dominance vs. prestige) predicted emotional reactions. Trump was generally perceived as more dominant, and Biden as more prestigious. However, perceptions of social rank attainment differed depending on the observers' political orientation, either matching or not matching with the leaders (i.e. Republicans and Democrats, respectively). The candidate who did not share the participants' political orientation was perceived as less prestigious and more dominant and elicited stronger contrastive emotions (i.e. schadenfreude, malicious envy) and weaker assimilative emotions (i.e. happy-for-ness, sympathy, anger), and vice versa. Crucially, dominance and prestige perceptions explained variance in the emotional reactions of more conservative and more liberal participants. Prestige positively predicted assimilative emotions and dominance contrastive emotions. Our work advances theorising by providing evidence that dominance and prestige perceptions contribute to the elicitation of various emotions. Furthermore, it suggests that prestige and dominance are not fixed characteristics of liberal and conservative leaders but depend on the observers' group membership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated workplace envy by exploring if perceived self-efficacy of negative and positive emotions could predict malicious or benign envy. This study also examined how malicious and benign envy relate to two important organizational outcomes: job engagement and turnover intentions. Malicious envy is typically associated with negative emotions toward the target of comparison as well as negative behavioral outcomes, whereas benign envy is typically associated with positive emotions toward the target of comparison as well as positive behavioral outcomes. A total of 80 participants completed multiple measures gauging the variables of interest in this study. Results were mixed: Although both dimensions of emotional self-efficacy significantly and positively predicted benign envy, neither dimension significantly predicted malicious envy. Additionally, benign envy significantly and positively predicted job engagement, and malicious envy significantly and positively predicted turnover intention. Both effects were practically significant. However, benign envy did not negatively predict turnover intention, and malicious envy did not negatively predict job engagement. Although these results did not confirm all hypothesized relationships, they demonstrate the complexity of envy as a construct, supporting its multidimensional nature. Our findings also provide further insight into the predictors and outcomes of benign and malicious envy in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Henning K. Sehmsdorf's book "Myth and Tradition in Norwegian Literature and Folklife: Essays" explores the intersection of myth and literature in Norwegian culture. The book delves into the traditional storytelling practices of Scandinavia, challenging the notion of folklore as anonymous by highlighting the individual storytellers behind the tales. Sehmsdorf's work also examines the influence of myth on Scandinavian literary works, offering insights into psychological growth and transformation through storytelling. The book provides a comprehensive overview of Norwegian folklore, literature, and cultural beliefs, making it a valuable resource for those interested in Scandinavian studies. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Black Bodies at Play: Race and Gender at the Edges of Subjectivity" explores the intersection of race, gender, and representation in the anime community, focusing on the experiences of Black women and non-binary cosplayers. It discusses instances of anti-Black racism within the anime fan community, particularly targeting Black voice actors and cosplayers. The article delves into the concept of mukokuseki, which presents characters with light skin tones as racially neutral, reinforcing White normativity and excluding Black representation. Black women cosplayers are highlighted as engaging in a form of resistance within these spaces, challenging racial constructs and exposing the limitations of racialized media forms. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the concept of avowal in relation to self-knowledge, focusing on substantial mental attitudes such as values, desires, and cares. The commitment view posits that avowal is essential for self-knowledge, expressing one's commitment to mental attitudes. The skeptical view questions the role of avowal in substantial self-knowledge, suggesting that patterns of action and reaction are more indicative. The author argues that avowal is necessary for substantial self-knowledge, as understanding one's attitudes requires active engagement and commitment, not just observation of behavior. The article emphasizes the importance of avowal in achieving self-knowledge of substantial mental attitudes. [Extracted from the article]

Code smell is a symptom of decisions about the system design or code that may degrade its modularity. For example, they may indicate inheritance misuse, excessive coupling and size. When two or more code smells occur in the same snippet of code, they form a code smell agglomeration. Few studies evaluate how agglomerations may impact code modularity. In this work, we evaluate which aspects of modularity are being hindered by agglomerations. This way, we can support practitioners in improving their code, by refactoring the code involved with code smell agglomeration that was found as harmful to the system modularity. We analyze agglomerations composed of four types of code smells: Large Class, Long Method, Feature Envy, and Refused Bequest. We then conduct a comparison study between 20 systems mined from the Qualita Corpus dataset with 10 systems mined from GitHub. In total, we analyzed 1789 agglomerations in 30 software projects, from both repositories: Qualita Corpus and GitHub. We rely on frequent itemset mining and non-parametric hypothesis testing for our analysis. Agglomerations formed by two or more Feature Envy smells have a significant frequency in the source code for both repositories. Agglomerations formed by different smell types impact the modularity more than classes with only one smell type and classes without smells. For some metrics, when Large Class appears alone, it has a significant and large impact when compared to classes that have two or more method-level smells of the same type. We have identified which agglomerations are more frequent in the source code, and how they may impact the code modularity. Consequently, we provide supporting evidence of which agglomerations developers should refactor to improve the code modularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the problem of fairly allocating a divisible resource in the form of a graph, also known as graphical cake cutting. Unlike for the canonical interval cake, a connected envy-free allocation is not guaranteed to exist for a graphical cake. We focus on the existence and computation of connected allocations with low envy. For general graphs, we show that there is always a 1 / 2 -additive-envy-free allocation and, if the agents' valuations are identical, a (2 + ϵ) -multiplicative-envy-free allocation for any ϵ > 0. In the case of star graphs, we obtain a multiplicative factor of 3 + ϵ for arbitrary valuations and 2 for identical valuations. We also derive guarantees when each agent can receive more than one connected piece. All of our results come with efficient algorithms for computing the respective allocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study explores the phenomenon of envy directed towards the opposite sex. Envy is a complex emotion that can manifest in various forms, often reflecting societal and biological influences. Previous research suggests a potential imbalance in the domains where men and women experience envy. Methods: The research was conducted in the Czech Republic using a demographically representative sample of 1,769 individuals (867 men and 902 women). Respondents were asked what they envied about the opposite sex, and qualitative analysis was performed on their answers. A total of 32 distinct categories of envy were identified. Results: The analysis revealed significant differences between men and women in the nature of their envy. Women expressed envy towards men in domains linked to biological conditions and social advantages, such as salary, prestige, physical strength, and the absence of menstruation, childbirth, and menopause. Men, on the other hand, envied women for their physical attractiveness, ease of seduction, ability to perform traditionally female tasks, and motherhood. Some categories, such as safety and tolerance, were shared by both genders, but the underlying reasons differed. For instance, women envied men for not having to fear being alone, while men envied women for being protected by men. Discussion: These findings confirm existing evidence of a gender imbalance in envy. The study also uncovered a novel form of envy, termed "ablative envy", which refers to the desire for the absence of an unpleasant quality. This suggests that envy between the sexes is deeply rooted in both biological and social factors, offering new insights into gender dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism, as a social endeavor, has been significantly influenced by advancements in technology and communication tools, thereby facilitating interpersonal interactions as a social activity. The widespread integration of smart technologies and the continually evolving social media platforms have fundamentally altered the rapid dissemination of tourist experiences. Consequently, this research aims to examine the tendency to share selfies on social media platforms within the framework of social comparison theory. Data were collected from 533 participants through an online survey and were subjected to Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Path Analysis within the framework of Structural Equation Modeling. The analyses revealed that narcissism and envy positively impact tourists' tendencies to share selfies on social media platforms. Based on these findings, the study offers recommendations for developing effective strategies for tourism stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Erasmus and the Jews: Revisiting the Narrative" explores Erasmus of Rotterdam's views on Jews and Judaism. It discusses how Erasmus made derogatory remarks about Jews, accusing them of undermining Christianity. Erasmus idealized a Europe free of Jews and expressed disdain for Judaism. The article challenges the narrative that Erasmus was indifferent to Jews and suggests that his writings reveal hostility towards them. The text also addresses the issue of presentism in evaluating Erasmus's antisemitic attitudes. [Extracted from the article]

Stability and "no justified envy" are used almost synonymously in the matching theory literature. However, they are conceptually different and have logically separate properties. We generalize the definition of justified envy to environments with arbitrary school preferences, feasibility constraints, and contracts, and show that stable allocations may admit justified envy. When choice functions are substitutable, the outcome of the deferred acceptance algorithm is both stable and admits no justified envy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate relations between benign and malicious in-group envy and the two types of national identity (i.e. secure national identification vs. national narcissism). In two studies (Ns = 1000 and 633), we found that secure national identification was negatively linked to malicious envy, while national narcissism was positively related to both malicious and benign envy. In Study 2, we additionally analyzed how in-group envy and two types of national identity shape in-group altruism. We found that low malicious envy significantly mediated the relationship between secure identification and in-group altruism. We discuss the role of envy in shaping the links between secure (vs. narcissistic) identity and positive intragroup attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops and tests for the first time a conceptual model that examines the drivers and facilitating factors affecting revenge buying behavior. This research investigates the influence of materialism on revenge buying intentions in addition to the mediating role of envy in explaining revenge buying intentions. This study also examines the moderating role of added purchasing power in moderating the relationship between revenge buying intention and revenge buying behavior. Based on a sample of 617 Jordanian consumers, the findings support the mediating role of envy in the relationship between materialism, need frustration and revenge buying intention. Moreover, the influence of revenge buying intention on revenge buying was also stronger when added purchasing power was perceived to be high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationships between consumer-generated content, travel motivation, desire to visit a destination, destination visit intention, and willingness to pay more. This article also analyzes the moderating effect of envy types on these relationships. We collected data from 414 participants in the US. According to the research findings, importance attached to participant sharing (IPS) is a predictor of escape and novelty motivation, while importance attached to non-participant sharing (INPS) is a predictor of exciting experience, novelty, prestige, and self-development motivations. Desire to visit the destination also positively affects destination visit intention and willingness to pay more. Benign envy has a moderating effect on relationships between INPS/IPS and prestige motivation. On the other hand, malicious envy has only a moderating effect on the relationship between INPS and escape motivation. This study reveals that consumer-generated content (CGC) strongly influences intrinsic travel motives. This study also explains how CGC influences attitudes and behaviors in the context of self-determination theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues for a more substantive account of the God whose "name is Jealous" (Exod. 34:14), over and against both cultural resistance and theological ambivalence to jealousy as a positive feature of the divine-human relationship. Attention to Reformed priorities in a responsible reading of scripture is followed by a theology of the proper context, focus, and goal of jealousy itself. The results are twofold: a biblical proposal for this affection as a form of God's redeeming holiness and, by extension, validation of our own jealousy as protest against multiple forms of bad faith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the ban on René Descartes's writings and Cartesian philosophy at Utrecht University between 1645 and 2005. It explores the quarrel that emerged between Descartes and Dutch Calvinist theologian Gisbertus Voetius, highlighting Descartes's strategic publication tactics and his efforts to subvert institutional authority. The text delves into the philosophical and political implications of the quarrel, shedding light on Descartes's evolving publication strategy and the emergence of Cartesianism as a philosophical movement. The article emphasizes the significance of the quarrel in shaping Descartes's philosophical legacy and its impact on subsequent public controversies. [Extracted from the article]

The publication of RSE gives analysts an occasion to return to Freud, with opportunities for remembering, repeating and working through. This paper returns to a fascinating symptom in Notes on a Case of Obsessional Neurosis and explores connections that are in plain sight but tend to be overlooked. In particular, it returns to the figure of Balaam and his Donkey in the Hebrew Bible. Issues include the fading of common knowledge, indifference, forgetting, envy and even cancelation at the level of cultural experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document "Studies in English Literature 1500–1900: Volume 62, 2022" from SEL: Studies in English Literature (Johns Hopkins) contains a variety of articles on topics ranging from John Dryden's work to Frances Sheridan's novels. It includes discussions on epic literature, feminine duties, and ethical considerations in Shakespeare's works. The document also features reviews of recent studies in different literary periods and genres, providing a comprehensive overview of English literature research. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folklor / Edebiyat is the property of Cyprus International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Upward comparisons, a psychological process in which individuals compare themselves to perceived superiors, have gained prominence in the workplace. Nevertheless, their impact on employees' sequent behaviors has yielded inconsistent results. To address these discrepancies, this study draws upon social comparison theory to investigate the conditions under which workplace upward comparisons exert a double-edged sword effect on employees' subsequent behavior. Through a multi-wave, multi-source survey involving 282 employees and 65 leaders from 65 teams, our findings reveal that when employees perceive overall justice as high, workplace upward comparisons tend to evoke benign envy, leading to constructive self-improvement behaviors. However, when employees perceive overall justice as low, workplace upward comparisons are more likely to trigger malicious envy, resulting in instigated incivility. Our study advances a thorough understanding of when and how workplace upward comparisons may lead to disparate behavioral responses by eliciting two distinct forms of envy. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodResultsDiscussionEnvy and interpersonal curiosity are common emotional and psychological phenomena in relationships that collectively influence our social behavior and experiences. However, there is a research gap regarding the interaction between interpersonal curiosity and envy. Therefore, this study will primarily utilize daily diary methods to investigate the relationship between interpersonal curiosity and envy.Using the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale and the Chinese Adolescents’ Interpersonal Curiosity Questionnaire, Study 1 conducted a preliminary study on 392 middle school students using cross-sectional data. Based on the data from Study 1, we selected the ten items (2 items per variable) with the highest factor load for the daily measurement of Study 2. Study 2 utilized the diary method and recruited 81 adolescents as participants for a 14-day measurement period.The results of Study 1indicate a significant correlation between malicious envy and interpersonal curiosity, as well as a significant correlation between benign envy and interpersonal curiosity (excluding general interpersonal curiosity). The findings from Study 2 indicate that daily malicious envy can enhance private interpersonal curiosity and general interpersonal curiosity, daily benign envy can enhance curiosity exploration, and daily curiosity exploration can also enhance benign envy.This study enhances comprehension of the two-way relationship between adolescent envy and interpersonal curiosity within the framework of social comparison theory. The findings underscore the significance of adolescents recognizing and respecting others’ boundaries to mitigate the adverse effects linked to malicious envy. Furthermore, adolescents are encouraged to channel benign envy into a source of motivation, fostering personal growth and fostering positive relationships through curiosity exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the influence of Lehi's dream and Nephi's vision on Alma's sermon in Alma 5, drawing parallels between the symbolic imagery and narrative structure of the early revelations and Alma's address to the church in Zarahemla. The references to the "tree of life" and the "great and spacious building" in Alma's sermon echo the themes and symbols found in Lehi's dream and Nephi's vision. Through an intertextual analysis, the article suggests that Alma structures his sermon using the three-part pattern of the early revelations, inviting his people to repent, be born again, and partake of the redeeming love of Christ. [Extracted from the article]

Although tourism researchers have begun to explore the behavioral effects of envy, there has been limited empirical research on the effects of benign and malicious envies on conspicuous consumption intention in tourism. Based on the integration of cognitive appraisal theory, compensation theory, and self-control resource theory, using two scenario-based questionnaires, this paper applies structural relational and mediation analyses to explore the effects of benign and malicious envies on conspicuous travel consumption intention. The results indicate that benign envy can directly positively influence conspicuous consumption intention, and also can indirectly rely on self-enhancement motivation positively, thereby influencing conspicuous consumption intention. However, malicious envy cannot directly influence conspicuous consumption intention. This envy needs to rely on self-enhancement motivation to have an indirect negative influence and rely on weakened self-control to have an indirect but positive influence. The important theoretical and practical implications of these findings are then discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pamukkale University Journal of Education is the property of Pamukkale University Journal of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates the effect of reference group comparison on compensatory consumption for bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) consumers. While existing research reveals a relationship between upward social comparisons and compensatory consumption, there has been minimal focus on how BOP consumers react to such comparisons. By conducting multiple studies targeting low-income but educated employees of different organizations, this research demonstrates that BOP consumers engage in conspicuous consumption behavior; in particular, they prefer conspicuous material goods when undergoing reference group comparisons (both upward and downward), which is a marked contrast from their more affluent peers and the western population. Furthermore, while incidental envy explains the underlying mechanism of the relationship between upward reference group comparison and conspicuous material consumption, anxiety is the mediator between downward reference group comparison and conspicuous material consumption for BOP consumers. Overall, this research significantly contributes to the BOP and compensatory consumption literature and has managerial implications for marketers serving BOP markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a reputation for creativity can endow employees with considerable social advantages as others look to them as a source of assistance, inspiration, and guidance. Yet, as leaders often expect access to certain privileges and advantages based on their hierarchical positions, such employees may signal a discrepancy with leaders' own expected superiority. Drawing from the social functional view of emotions, we provide a novel extension to the creativity literature by developing and testing a dual-path model of leaders' emotional and behavioral reactions to their employees' reputation for creativity. Results from a survey study of 257 leader–employee dyads at a large Chinese automobile company supported our predictions that the presence of an employee reputed for their creativity fostered leaders' feelings of envy and motivated corresponding remedial actions. Specifically, we found that, conditional on leaders' beliefs in their own ability to be creative (i.e., creative self-efficacy), employee reputation for creativity either triggered leaders' dysfunctional resistance toward the employee via leaders' malicious envy, or led to leaders' creativity help-seeking from the employee via leaders' benign envy. We discuss how our results contribute to the extant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the complexities of studying antisemitism in the context of the ongoing crisis in the Middle East. It argues that using analogies and definitions of antisemitism can lead to inaccuracy and misunderstanding. The author suggests that antisemitism is a multifaceted concept with various origins and rationales, and that it should not be reduced to a single definition. The article also explores the relationship between antisemitism and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, emphasizing the importance of seeking a just and equitable resolution for both sides. [Extracted from the article]

This article delves into the overlooked aestheticism in Scotland, with a specific focus on Robert Louis Stevenson's bohemian aesthetics. While the Aesthetic Movement is commonly associated with English writers like Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde, Stevenson's contributions to aestheticism in Scotland are often disregarded. Influenced by Pater, Stevenson embraced a bohemian aesthetic that differed from the English version. The article argues that Stevenson's aesthetics should be classified as bohemian aestheticism, which originated in France, and examines his works to understand the development of his bohemian aesthetics. Stevenson's fascination with the medieval poet François Villon and his exploration of bohemian aesthetics are also discussed. Stevenson admired Villon as a precursor to the bohemian lifestyle and drew inspiration from him in his own writings. While critiquing Villon's tendency to complain about poverty, Stevenson also sought to create an improved version of Villon in his short story "A Lodging for the Night." Stevenson's adoption of bohemian aesthetics can be seen as a defiance against the hierarchical Victorian society. [Extracted from the article]

The article examines the play "The Double Marriage" by John Fletcher and Philip Massinger, focusing on the characters Desdemona, Martia, and Sesse. It draws comparisons between these characters and Shakespearean figures like Miranda, Jessica, Cordelia, and Cleopatra. The play concludes with Sesse opting for self-imposed exile and assuming the role of a banished duke with a loyal daughter. The article also highlights the presence of references and allusions to Shakespeare's works throughout the play. [Extracted from the article]

The literature on ethics currently recommends more research on the emotional underpinnings of ethical decision-making. The current study takes up the challenge, addressing this research gap by theorising and empirically testing, through four studies (with different methodologies, e.g., survey design, lab experiment), the link between envy—malicious versus benign—and beliefs in unethical consumer behaviour as moderated by religiosity. We show that while malicious envy enhances different types of unethical consumer beliefs, this effect is dampened by the presence versus absence of religiosity (when religiosity was both measured and manipulated through thoughts of God priming). We also show that moral awareness mediates this effect. The findings contribute to theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to explore an in-depth understanding of the impact of social comparison on the intention to buy Korean food through fear of missing out (FOMO) and feelings of envy in the people of Langowan, North Sulawesi. The main aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between social comparison and purchase intention, paying attention to the role of two mediating variables, namely Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and envy. Research data was obtained using a questionnaire. The final sample consisted of 200 respondents and the data analysis technique used in this research was SEM (Structural Equation Model) using LISREL as a data processing tool to test six hypotheses. The results of direct influence research prove that social comparison has a positive and significant effect on FOMO, FOMO has a positive and significant effect on buying intention, social comparison has a positive and significant effect on envy, envy has a positive and significant effect on buying intention. Meanwhile, the indirect effect is that social comparison has a significant effect on buying intention through FOMO and envy. The results of these findings provide practical guidance recommendations for marketers and food producers to develop effective marketing strategies to take advantage of social comparison, FOMO and envy which can trigger consumer purchasing intentions. These findings can also be used as a reference for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Langowan, North Sulawesi to sell Korean food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article connects antisemitism to the borrowed monotheism of Christianity and Islam and the psychological dynamics of envy and inferiority complex vis-à-vis the Jews this borrowing of God produces among intellectual leaders of the two derivative monotheistic communities. Through tropes created by these leaders, antisemitism deeply affects the consciousness of the general population in these communities. Understanding antisemitism as a phenomenon characteristic of the monotheistic ('Western') civilisation, allows one to explain both its ubiquity across many societies and historical periods constituting this civilisation and the absence of native antisemitic traditions in China and India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recommendation in settings such as e-recruitment and online dating involves distributing limited opportunities, which differs from recommending practically unlimited goods such as in e-commerce or music recommendation. This setting calls for novel approaches to quantify and enforce fairness. Indeed, typical recommender systems recommend each user their top relevant items, such that desirable items may be recommended simultaneously to more and to less qualified individuals. This is arguably unfair to the latter. Indeed, when they pursue such a desirable recommendation (e.g., by applying for a job), they are unlikely to be successful. To quantify fairness in such settings, we introduce inferiority: a novel (un)fairness measure that quantifies the competitive disadvantage of a user for their recommended items. Inferiority is complementary to envy: a previously-proposed fairness notion that quantifies the extent to which a user prefers other users' recommendations over their own. We propose to use both inferiority and envy in combination with an accuracy-related measure called utility: the aggregated relevancy scores of the recommended items. Unfortunately, none of these three measures are differentiable, making it hard to optimize them, and restricting their immediate use to evaluation only. To remedy this, we reformulate them in the context of a probabilistic interpretation of recommender systems, resulting in differentiable versions. We show how these loss functions can be combined in a multi-objective optimization problem that we call FEIR (Fairness through Envy and Inferiority Reduction), used as a post-processing of the scores from any standard recommender system. Experiments on synthetic and real-world data show that the proposed approach effectively improves the trade-offs between inferiority, envy and utility, compared to the naive recommendation and the state-of-the-art method for the related problem of congestion alleviation in job recommendation. We discuss and enhance the practical impact of our findings on a wide range of real-world recommendation scenarios, and we offer implementations of visualization tools to render the envy and inferiority metrics more accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]