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A literary criticism is presented that compares the works of authors William Blake and Thomas Paine in terms of their depiction of Jesus Christ, Moses, miracles, and prophets in the Bible. Works by Blake such as the book "Europe," the essay "Jerusalem," and the introduction to his poem "Milton" are presented, as well as Paine's book "The Age of Reason." Christ's ascension, eyewitness testimony in the Bible, and Paine's opinions on Moses are discussed.

This article analyzes Romain Gary's novel Europe (1972), which looks at Europe's fate through the prism of the crisis of culture. Oswald Spengler, the philosopher of culture, is joined to Gary, the writer, via the 18th century, to which both awarded an important place in the history of Europe. Their starting positions, however, differ in that the French writer associates the sunset of culture with the antagonism between reality and culture, whereas the German philosopher believes that every culture sooner or later turns into a civilization. At the novel's center there stands Jean Danthès, the French ambassador in Italy, a survivor of Nazi concentration camp horrors. Surveying Europe's history, he not only judges the fate of culture but also seeks to comprehend Europe's unity. Because in this work the protagonist and other personages (Malvina, Erica, Mark) state their views on Europe and its fate, Europe may be called a thesis novel. Moreover, Jean Danthès himself becomes a multifaceted personage embodying diverse ideas. In his novel the author opposes the 18th and the 20th centuries. If through the eyes of his protagonist he looks at the 18th century as a sort of ideal, then the 20th is compared to a horrible misfortune manifested by two world wars, Naziism and Stalinism, the Holocaust, and the victims of Stalinist deportations. But even in the bleakest of epochs, in the author's opinion, islands of culture may appear, or at least a glimmering of culture. It is no accident that the protagonist ties Europe's vitality to culture, although sometimes the elite is powerless to change the situation. Nevertheless the author understands perfectly well that even the road suggested by Danthès's son Mark, that of the permanent revolution, is just another kind of utopia. Therefore, the author deliberates on Europe's fate and is sorry to see the signs of culture's sunset but is unable to suggest a specific vision for the future. But in describing the situation as it exists in reality, the author is as it were inviting his readers to think about where Europe is headed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the materials the poet William Blake used in creating his copper plates for "Songs of Innocence and of Experience," "America," "Europe," "For the Sexes: The Gates of Paradise," and "Jerusalem." The article discusses who made the copper plates, how they were used, the printing process and the cost to Blake, as well as why they are now largely lost.

This article presents information on various books on women studies. Some of the books are "The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Women's Issues Worldwide," edited by Lynn Walter; "Central and South America," by edited by Amy Lind; "Europe," edited by Lynne Walter; "The Middle East and North Africa," by Bahira Sherif-Trask; "North America and the Caribbean," by Cheryl Toronto Kalny; "Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender History In America," edited by Marc Stein and "Handbook of Literary Feminism," by Shari Benstock, Suzanne Ferriss and Susanne Woods.

Discusses the historical aspects of William Blake's books entitled `America,' `Europe,' and `The Song of Los,'. Intentions for authoring the books; Response to the socio-political progress in the New and Old Worlds; Implication of the books' historical contexts.

The article presents information on several new books related to economic history and geography. Some of the books are "Europe Between Wars?," by H.F. Armstrong, "Reaction and Revolution 1811-1832," by F.B. Artz, Empire in the East," edited by J. Barnes. Another book is "Europe: A geographical Survey," by J.F. Bogardus. This book is designed as a text for students of geography of college or university grade and as a source of useful information for all those interested in European life or European problems. Both of these groups of readers are primarily Interested in the major problems of the European peoples, in the cultural landscapes to be found in various portions of the continent and in the relations of the natural environment to these Problems and landscapes. To satisfy these interests requires that attention be given to the geographical background of the major European problems. It also requires that a picture of life in each region be presented and that these regions be small enough so that each possesses a considerable de gree of cultural individuality.