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This study aims to investigate the risks posed by climate change and anthropogenic activities on ecosystem services in the Barents Sea, Norway. Using an expert assessment approach, we identify which ecosystem services are at high risk and the human activities and pressures contributing to these risks. The findings indicate that risks vary across ecosystem services, activities, and pressures; however, most are categorized as medium or low. Biodiversity, as a cultural service, and fish/shellfish, as a provisioning service, are identified as the two most threatened ecosystem services. In contrast, educational services are perceived as the least impacted. Temperature change is found to have the greatest impact on the services. Experts are generally uncertain about the risk levels; however, fish/shellfish and biodiversity are the two services associated with the least uncertainty. The results highlight the limited knowledge regarding risks to ecosystem services in the Barents Sea. The study emphasizes the need for future research to address these knowledge gaps and discusses where management efforts should be focused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specialists in forensic medicine assist in crime scene investigations. The forensic medicine experts include anthropologists, ballistic analysts, entomologists, odontologists, and osteologists. The experts are usually not at the crime scene; they provide an evaluation of evidence that is sent to them. After they complete their assessment of the evidence, they prepare a specialized presentation of their findings: a forensic expert analytical report. The format of the report is variable depending on which forensic expert is writing it; however, there are certain mandatory sections that are included: the chain of evidence, the methods of evidence evaluation, the results of the evaluation of the evidence, and the discussion (including the conclusion) of what the evidence demonstrates. Forensic dermatology is an emerging subfield of medicine. Dermatologists are experts in evaluating the skin, mucosa, hair, and nails. It is anticipated that the demand for forensic dermatology will increase as individuals who currently evaluate crime scenes become aware of the potential benefit of consulting a forensic dermatologist. An illustrative hypothetical forensic dermatology expert analytical report is presented. Like other forensic expert analytical reports, the forensic dermatology expert analytical report has four primary sections. The chain of evidence section is a chronologic documentation that not only identifies the protected care and control of the evidence but also the transfer of the evidence to another individual. The methods section is a comprehensive presentation of the analysis of the evidence; it comprises the majority of an analytical report. The results section provides the information obtained after the evidence has been evaluated; it should be written in plain language, so it is readily able to be understood by not only the other investigators but also the members of the legal profession (including the judge and the attorneys) and the members of the jury. The discussion section includes the opinion of the dermatologist and should be a summary of the investigation findings that puts the analysis of the evidence into context; it can include a conclusion section and should also be written in plain language. Depending on the specific circumstances of the case, the template of the illustrative forensic dermatology expert analytical report can be modified by the dermatologists who is preparing their analytical report. In conclusion, an excellent forensic dermatology expert report will aid both other investigators and the members of the legal system—such as the attorneys, judge, and jury—who are involved in the case. In addition, when the forensic dermatology expert testifies as an expert witness in court, the report will be an asset for the dermatologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the study of the issues of legal regulation of the procedure and forms of interaction between the investigator and the expert at the stage of checking crime report related to the fire. Based on the analysis of the peculiarities of the forensic characteristics of these crimes, as well as on the novel of the criminal procedure legislation, the conclusion is formulated on the need to introduce changes to the criminal procedure legislation aimed at consolidating the evidentiary value of the preliminary expert conclusion.

This article explores the vital issue of obtaining actionable operational and investigative information by law enforcement operatives to combat crimes committed by youth under the conditions of martial law. The study examines the challenges faced in implementing operational and investigative measures during wartime and outlines strategies to address these difficulties. Particular attention is given to the need for adapting operational approaches to wartime realities and strengthening coordination among operational units in combating youth crime. The authors analyze the specific dynamics of the operational environment that have emerged as a result of military actions. The article highlights the necessity of conducting systematic assessments of the operational situation, including the analysis and forecasting of crime trends within service areas. This enables the development and implementation of targeted operational and investigative measures to counteract youth crime effectively. Timely identification of new threats, both internal and external, is critical for adjusting operational tactics to martial law conditions. The study examines key methods for obtaining operationally significant information, such as confidential informants, undercover operations, strategic operational combinations, and advanced technical measures. It identifies problematic aspects of operational and investigative activities under martial law and proposes methods to overcome these challenges. The authors stress the importance of establishing robust interagency cooperation among law enforcement agencies and other relevant entities. The timely exchange of information and coordinated operational-preventive actions are essential for preventing and solving youth crimes. The article also discusses contentious issues in the field and offers recommendations for improving operational practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to highlighting the capabilities and specifics of appointing forensic trassological examinations of human foot and footwear traces, vehicle traces, locking and protective (control) devices, and burglary tools in the investigation of criminal offenses committed by organized groups or criminal organizations. It has been proven that the forensic trassological examinations play a significant role in establishing the circumstances of criminal offenses committed by organized groups or criminal organizations. However, in practice, their capabilities are not fully utilized. The tasks solved by each of the studied types of examinations in the mentioned criminal proceedings have been identified, including determining the group nature of the offense, differentiating the «roles» of participants in the offense, and more. Problematic issues arising during the appointment of such examinations are outlined, and recommendations are provided regarding the preparation of objects for examination and samples for comparative research. It is noted that for proper preparation of objects when appointing the mentioned examinations, as well as for correctly formulating questions to the expert, it is advisable for the investigator to seek the assistance of a specialist who is an expert in forensic trassological studies. The author presents a viewpoint on the minimum number of shoe prints that should be reflected in the «track» of traces to obtain reliable results from expert analysis (at least 7-8 prints, sequentially left by the right and left feet of a person). Attention is drawn to the fact that current methodological recommendations for appointing forensic trassological examinations of human foot and shoe traces suggest asking the expert: «What is the approximate height of the person who left the traces?» It is noted that this question cannot be reliably answered due to the absence of scientifically validated research methods. Apromising area of scientific research, as identified by the author, is the exploration of the possibilities of using other trassological examinations in the investigation of criminal offenses committed by organized groups or criminal organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In rehabilitation practices, expert therapists are believed to proficiently observe and assist patients. However, limited research has quantified the gaze behaviors of physical therapists during patient support. This study investigated the gaze patterns of expert and novice physical therapists from a first-person perspective during the process of assisting collaborators to stand. The aim was to determine which body parts received prolonged attention and to explore the characteristics of the support provided. Methods: Seven experienced physical therapists were recruited as expert participants, and 17 physical therapy students served as novice participants. We also recruited additional students as collaborators and asked them to behave as if they were patients. Both expert and novice participants wore a wearable eye tracker while assisting the collaborators to stand. We analyzed the gaze focus on specific body parts and the center of mass sway of the collaborators. Results: Experts spent 10.75% of the total time gazing at the head area, compared to 4.06% for novices, with experts displaying significantly longer gaze durations (p <.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the number of gaze fixations, with experts averaging 25.71 fixations and novices 8.65 (p <.05). Experts also facilitated a slower sway in the collaborator's center of mass (0.44 m/s for experts vs. 0.49 m/s for novices; p <.01) and positioned the collaborator with a more pronounced trunk flexion during sitting and standing transitions (41.0 degrees for experts vs. 37.8 degrees for novices; p <.01). Discussion: The findings suggest that experts may monitor the collaborator's center of mass position by focusing on the head area. Properly positioning the head forward may allow for optimal forward movement of the center of mass, potentially reducing the effort required by the collaborator to stand. This study is the first to explore differences in support strategies through the measurement of physical therapists' gaze during assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the peculiarities of appointment and production of expertise in the investigation of facts related to the violation of safety rules in mining operations. The relevance of the research topic is due to the increase in deaths and injuries at work and several legal problems. These include a) failure to comply with the requirement of Article 271 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Kazakhstan; b) the absence in the Order of the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 27 March 2017 of a list of expertise to be appointed in the investigation of violations of safety rules during mining operations. The situation is further complicated by the absence of clear methodological guidelines for investigators regarding the procedure for appointing forensic examinations and formulating questions for experts. The authors assert that the national system of forensic examination must be modernised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, Iran has been known to be one of the countries that send immigrants, especially the specialists and professional workforce. However, the matter of their return has not been comprehensively addressed. Therefore, this research has investigated the reasons for the instability of Iranian returns by examining the intention (potential or actual) of remigration among returnees, thereby addressing the broader topic of return migration of Iranians. 33 samples were randomly selected from the educated population who returned to Iran between 1990 and 2021, which is the subject of the study. The “thematic” analysis technique is supported by the “Social Welfare Theory” by “Fitzpatrick” as the base theory, while the “in-depth interview” method is used for data collection. The findings indicate that the instability of returns is influenced by four main categories, each of which comprises its own specific sub-categories. The most frequently occurring codes pertain to “unfavorable economic circumstances,” which are investigated under the two subcategories of “insufficient income” and “ideal retirement conditions abroad.” Three additional primary categories, “collective life challenges,” “psychological drivers,” and “tendency to commute,” were perceived as additional factors that influenced re-migration. All factors that have been mentioned are classified under the umbrella term “physiological needs.” The results reveal that the instability of return migration in Iran is not inherently attributable to the interviewees’ dissatisfaction or frustration (either absolute or relative) with the current conditions of Iran. Nevertheless, some individuals elect to migrate again to enhance their knowledge and professions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Antalya Bilim University Law Review is the property of Antalya International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

European expertise is an effect of the field of European politics that opens up access to sources of knowledge and authority beyond the political context and varies depending on the state of European integration. This can be exemplified by a prosopography of members of political-economic European Expert Groups (1966–2018). A multiple correspondence analysis of 261 professional careers allows us to reconstruct the structure of European expertise in this policy area to determine six types of experts by clustering and, in the light of the observed diversity, to trace the decline in scientific and the increase in financial expertise. This development can be interpreted as a strengthening of the economic-heteronomous pole in the field, which goes hand in hand with the rise of neoliberal forms of government, the autonomisation of the field and the professionalisation of expert consultations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers increasingly use digital advice when making purchasing decisions. How do such tools change consumer behavior and what types of consumers are likely to use them? We examine these questions with a randomized controlled trial of digital expert advice in the context of prescription drug insurance. The intervention we study was effective at changing consumer choices. We propose that, conceptually, expert advice can affect consumer choices through two distinct channels: by updating consumer beliefs about product features (learning) and by influencing how much consumers value product features (interpretation). Using our trial data to estimate a model of consumer demand, we find that both channels are quantitatively important. Digital expert advice tools not only provide consumers with information, but also alter how consumers value product features. For example, consumers are willing to pay 14% less for a plan with the most popular brand and 37% less for an extra star rating when they incorporate digital expert advice on plan choice relative to only having information about product features. Further, we document substantial selection into the use of digital advice on two margins. Consumers who are inherently less active shoppers and those who we predict would have responded to advice more were less likely to demand it. Our results raise concerns regarding the ability of digital advice to alter consumer preferences as well as the distributional implications of greater access to digital expert advice. This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management. Funding: This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging [Grant K01AG059843] and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute [Grant CDR-1306-03598]. The project also received financial support from Stanford Innovation Funds. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.02453. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the peculiarities of using specialized knowledge as a component of the methodology for investigating terrorist crimes. The problems of using special knowledge in non-procedural and procedural forms are considered. The author analyzes the peculiarities of using certain types of specialized knowledge to investigate terrorism-related crimes. The criminalistic recommendations for improving the quality of the use of special knowledge during investigative actions and operational search activities are elaborated. Particular attention is paid to evaluating an expert's opinion by an investigator. The possibility of increasing forensic expert support in forming the evidence base is determined. It is noted that recently, due to many factors, such a socially dangerous act as terrorism (terrorist act) has occurred quite often in different parts of our planet. Law enforcement agencies work annually to prevent, investigate, and deter terrorist acts. The structure of the investigation methodology contains a standard set of elements: forensic characteristics of a particular type of crime; circumstances to be established; typical investigative situations; methods of collecting evidence and other forensically significant information; use of specialized knowledge; and specifics of crime prevention during their investigation. A specific feature of specialized knowledge in investigating terrorism-related crimes is the appointment and conduct of forensic examinations. The study of investigative and judicial practice shows that many types and genera of forensic examinations have been appointed to investigate this crime category. The most common are forensic linguistics, explosive, trace, fingerprint, handwriting, technical and forensic examinations of documents, ballistics, materials, substances and products, phonoscopic, etc. Nowadays, forensic linguistic examination is of particular importance, during which complex lexical, morphological, semantic, syntactic, stylistic and other analyses of text (language) are carried out to identify signs of extremism in the content of audio, video or printed materials. It is concluded that the study and consideration of the peculiarities of specialized knowledge will improve the development of new forensic and technical forensic support methods for detecting and investigating such a crime as terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with topical issues of using knowledge of forensic medicine during an investigation of cruel treatment of prisoners of war and the civilian population. Emphasis is placed on the exceptional importance of using such special knowledge during the investigation of the investigated war crimes in connection with the peculiarities of the way they were committed, which is often associated with causing bodily harm and the onset of death of the victims. It was established that conducting a forensic medical examination belongs to the list of urgent investigative (search) actions, the primary purpose of which is the timely collection and preservation of evidence during the documentation of such war crimes. The purpose and directions of usng of forensic medical knowledge during documentation and investigation of investigated crimes, which, in addition to conducting forensic medical examinations, include the involvement of forensic doctors in conducting investigative (search) actions, including for the purpose of providing assistance during the extraction of biological samples for further expert research. The types of forensic examinations that can be prescribed in such proceedings are clarified, and an approximate list of issues that are resolved during expert research within each of the specified types is provided. Attention is focused on complications that arise during the use of forensic medicine knowledge, in particular under the influence of special conditions of wartime. In addition to security risks, the following are recognized as: deficiencies in the regulatory and legal regulation of forensic medical activity, improper organization of the structure of forensic medical institutions, deficiencies in material and technical and personnel support, as well as a low level of knowledge about the capabilities and potential of forensic examinations among employees of investigative bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Law Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mental health issues among students have become a significant concern affecting their quality of life and academic performance. An effective expert system is needed to diagnose and provide appropriate interventions. This research develops a web-based expert system that utilizes the Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) method combined with a positive psychology approach to diagnose mental health disorders in students. The CBR method identifies similarities between new and previous cases, while the positive psychology approach focuses on individual strengths and potential for growth. The system integrates a database of student mental health cases and CBR algorithms to produce relevant diagnoses. This study investigates four types of mental health disorders: panic, anxiety, stress, and depression. The method used for data analysis is Case-Based Reasoning. The diagnosis results are based on calculations from symptom choices within the system, where each symptom has a weight. The highest similarity calculation obtained from past cases is used as a solution to address the problem. System testing, based on expert knowledge with 15 test data samples categorized by mental health disorders and 38 symptoms, achieved an accuracy rate of 85%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the risks posed by climate change and anthropogenic activities on ecosystem services in the Barents Sea, Norway. Using an expert assessment approach, we identify which ecosystem services are at high risk and the human activities and pressures contributing to these risks. The findings indicate that risks vary across ecosystem services, activities, and pressures; however, most are categorized as medium or low. Biodiversity, as a cultural service, and fish/shellfish, as a provisioning service, are identified as the two most threatened ecosystem services. In contrast, educational services are perceived as the least impacted. Temperature change is found to have the greatest impact on the services. Experts are generally uncertain about the risk levels; however, fish/shellfish and biodiversity are the two services associated with the least uncertainty. The results highlight the limited knowledge regarding risks to ecosystem services in the Barents Sea. The study emphasizes the need for future research to address these knowledge gaps and discusses where management efforts should be focused.

The article substantiates the position that in the course of investigation of collaboration activities, it is important to involve competent persons in criminal proceedings. The author emphasizes that digital traces have a significant evidentiary potential, which, based on the results of expert research, i.e., on the basis of the implementation of procedural forms of using special knowledge, become the basis for obtaining procedural sources of evidence in criminal proceedings. It is determined that it is inadmissible during the investigation to neglect the prospects of these forms of use of special knowledge or to neglect the stage of preparation for the appointment of these examinations. It is noted that this may lead to the loss of evidentiary potential of certain material and digital objects. In this regard, an indispensable condition at the stage of preparation for the appointment of these expert examinations is to take measures to collect comparative samples for expert examination, to record them procedurally in the criminal proceedings and to send a qualified expert authorised to conduct this type of expert examination in a timely manner. Based on the study of law enforcement and expert practice and taking into account the provisions of theoretical research, the opportunities of modern expert research in proving the circumstances to be established in the course of investigation of collaboration activities are determined. Based on the results of the analysis of expert opinions, the study identifies typical mistakes that occur in the practical activities of pre-trial investigation bodies and provides recommendations for eliminating such shortcomings which affect the ability to solve expert tasks in particular and tactical tasks of investigation in general. Based on a generalisation of the expert examinations most often ordered in the course of investigation of collaboration activities, it is determined that comparative samples and objects sent for expert examination should be prepared, obtained and sometimes even manufactured in compliance with the following recommendations: 1) to ensure their receipt in the manner prescribed by the criminal procedural legislation; 2) to send for expert examination only those objects that meet the requirements of completeness and reliability, and in the case of portrait and handwriting examination – also comparison; 3) to seek advice from a forensic expert in the absence of the initiator of the expert examination of the necessary knowledge of the peculiarities of the preparation of comparative samples, as well as other information that should be communicated to the future expert.

Background Despite beneficial progress in policies, awareness and advocacy, accessibility gaps exist in public buildings in India. Challenges achieving full inclusivity still exist, due to a lack of clear guidance for implementing accessible solutions. Retrofitting older buildings, particularly in developing tier II cities is a major challenge. The authors of this paper aimed to address this issue using a four-round Delphi method to generate a Justice-Centered Best Practices (JCBPs) for accessibility provisions for individuals with mobility disabilities. Methods Conducted in Udupi, the study involved experts including administrators, policy implementers, auditors, advocates, healthcare professionals, individuals with disabilities and their caregivers. In the first round, a 117-item list was generated through triangulation of three methods. In subsequent rounds, experts rated each item using a 5-point Likert scale on feasibility, affordability and priority. Responses were considered valid if the agreement reached ≥80% on the total score. The prioritised list of JCBPs was finalised at a consensus meeting. Results Out of forty-eight experts who began the study, 16 participated in the final meeting. The Wilcoxon signed rank test (p value>0.05) of expert ranking indicated that the scoring of items remained consistent between the two rounds. A machine learning decision tree analysis identified items securing ≥ 80% agreement as the most reliable decision with an accuracy=71.43%. The McNemar’s Test p value=0.79 confirmed consistency of expert scoring on the items with high agreement rates. Conclusion Finally, 33 built and non-built environment items scored highest rank. Stakeholder engagement, use of low-cost technology solutions, coordination between public administrations, funding, good governance practice, awareness, and advocacy were few of the solutions that can help ensure accessibility is in place for individuals with mobility disabilities. The study methodology and findings create a robust foundation for evidence-based JCBPs for accessibility provisions for individuals with mobility disabilities.

Faced with the terrible spread of electronic attacks and intrusions, which tend to increase, securing computer systems has become an urgent necessity for enterprises. In this work, we are interested in a very specific security problem, which is the identity theft of business experts that causes major problems for the company, such as loss of money, fraud, information leakage, customer distrust of using the enterprise's services, etc. The implementation of an implicit authentication system based on the study of the expert behavior is a very effective way to fight this problem. The objective of this work is to propose a system dedicated to business experts, which will be able to detect impostors and false profiles during the authentication phase and during the negotiation phase in a continuous manner. The proposed system relies on machine learning algorithms, behavioral authentication, the keystroke dynamics of real experts and their behaviors during the negotiation phase, as well as their ways of interacting with the application, in order to prevent imposters to infiltrate the system by trying to login with the account of a real expert. So, we followed the following steps: Data acquisition, Criteria extraction, Model creation and Storage. We Have used three machine learning algorithms, which are: K Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest and Logistic Regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The cognitive expertise of experts has been an intriguing theme; there has been rapid growth in cognitive research related to esports. Given the close association between esports activities and cognition, esports holds promise in offering new perspectives for understanding cognitive expertise. This meta-analysis aims at quantitatively delineating the cognitive disparities between esports experts and amateurs. Methods: The expert group comprised professional video game players and high-ranking players (top 1%), while amateurs were assigned to the control group. Research studies published between January 2000 and December 2023 were systematically searched in databases. A three-level model with cluster-robust variance estimation was used to calculate the overall effect size. The moderating variables included professional level, cognitive abilities, dependent variable type, game genre, gender and age. Results: A total of 15 studies containing 142 effect sizes and 1085 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that, compared to amateurs, video game experts demonstrated superior cognitive abilities with a small effect size (Hedges' g = 0.373, 95% CI [0.055–0.691], p =.012). The differences between experts and amateur players mainly manifest in spatial cognition and attention. Sensitivity analysis, risk of bias, and publication bias results indicated the reliability of these findings. Conclusions: This meta-analysis confirms that esports experts possess superior cognitive abilities compared to amateurs, particularly in aspects of spatial cognition and attention. These can provide an effective reference for future selection and training in esports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the approach of developed countries to the sustainable development of nature-based tourism (NBT) can be a model for developing countries. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the differences of opinion from different aspects. This study aimed to highlight the differences between the attitudes of experts in developing and developed countries on sustainable development indicators of NBT.‏ ‏Given that no such comparison has been made so far, this study intends to address this gap. Indicators were identified from three aspects: economic, social, and environmental, and they were approved through the use of the Delphi approach. The mean scores were determined based on a 7-point Likert scale and compared using an independent t-test. In developing countries, economic indicators (Mean = 5.779) and in developed countries, environmental indicators (Mean = 6.296) were the most crucial. Paying more attention to environmental indicators in developing countries can be an excellent way to improve the sustainable development of NBT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating compensation for moral damage is more difficult than estimating compensation for material damage because there are no certain specific criteria for estimating it. In addition, the goal of compensation is not always to restore the situation to what it was as much as it is aimed at granting the injured compensation to satisfy him equal to the damage he suffered, compensation is a judicial means to eliminate or mitigate the damage, and it is the general penalty for civil liability. Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate the approach of the Jordanian legislator in estimating compensation for moral damage and the judicial position on this, the legal problems of this and the proposed methods in estimating compensation for moral damage, Methods: Adopted the descriptive analytical method to identify a sufficient comprehensive characterization the topic under study. Results: The results of this study showed that the Jordanian legislator in estimating compensation for moral damage was on two lines, the first is an estimate of a lump sum specified in legislation or a system, and the second is an estimate of a lump sum by an expert, also there is a fundamental problem, which is the absence of a legislative text that sets clear criteria for estimating compensation for literary damage, in order to find a proposed method for estimating compensation for literary damage. Conclusion: The study concluded with a recommendation in which the researchers wished the legislator to find a legal regulation represented by legislative texts containing an objective criterion for adjusting the estimate of compensation and avoiding factual and legal problems, providing for a fair way in legislation to estimate compensation for moral damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines an international endeavour to manage the 1938 Yellow River dyke breach and to bring mechanized farming to the flooded area, as part of the UNRRA China Programme (1944–1947). It reveals why a Chinese Nationalist vision of international aid entailed technical assistance, and how this call for development was received by UNRRA's multi-national, albeit predominantly American, cadre of experts at a transitional period from war to reconstruction. This article argues that technical assistance is integral to understanding the history of UNRRA and its role in negotiating different visions for the post-war world, especially a developmental one. Development did not emerge as a united concept; instead, the ambiguity created a space for experts with different backgrounds to fit themselves into the post-war programme. Focusing on those recipients and fieldworkers that shaped the UNRRA aid on the ground, it offers a non-European perspective for understanding how development thoughts gained momentum through a post-war programme, leading the way to global proliferation of development projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Juridica Sciences / Roczniki Nauk Prawnych is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionIn rehabilitation practices, expert therapists are believed to proficiently observe and assist patients. However, limited research has quantified the gaze behaviors of physical therapists during patient support. This study investigated the gaze patterns of expert and novice physical therapists from a first-person perspective during the process of assisting collaborators to stand. The aim was to determine which body parts received prolonged attention and to explore the characteristics of the support provided.MethodsSeven experienced physical therapists were recruited as expert participants, and 17 physical therapy students served as novice participants. We also recruited additional students as collaborators and asked them to behave as if they were patients. Both expert and novice participants wore a wearable eye tracker while assisting the collaborators to stand. We analyzed the gaze focus on specific body parts and the center of mass sway of the collaborators.ResultsExperts spent 10.75% of the total time gazing at the head area, compared to 4.06% for novices, with experts displaying significantly longer gaze durations (p

Background Despite beneficial progress in policies, awareness and advocacy, accessibility gaps exist in public buildings in India. Challenges achieving full inclusivity still exist, due to a lack of clear guidance for implementing accessible solutions. Retrofitting older buildings, particularly in developing tier II cities is a major challenge. The authors of this paper aimed to address this issue using a four-round Delphi method to generate a Justice-Centered Best Practices (JCBPs) for accessibility provisions for individuals with mobility disabilities. Methods Conducted in Udupi, the study involved experts including administrators, policy implementers, auditors, advocates, healthcare professionals, individuals with disabilities and their caregivers. In the first round, a 117-item list was generated through triangulation of three methods. In subsequent rounds, experts rated each item using a 5-point Likert scale on feasibility, affordability and priority. Responses were considered valid if the agreement reached ≥80% on the total score. The prioritised list of JCBPs was finalised at a consensus meeting. Results Out of forty-eight experts who began the study, 16 participated in the final meeting. The Wilcoxon signed rank test (p value>0.05) of expert ranking indicated that the scoring of items remained consistent between the two rounds. A machine learning decision tree analysis identified items securing ≥ 80% agreement as the most reliable decision with an accuracy=71.43%. The McNemar’s Test p value=0.79 confirmed consistency of expert scoring on the items with high agreement rates. Conclusion Finally, 33 built and non-built environment items scored highest rank. Stakeholder engagement, use of low-cost technology solutions, coordination between public administrations, funding, good governance practice, awareness, and advocacy were few of the solutions that can help ensure accessibility is in place for individuals with mobility disabilities. The study methodology and findings create a robust foundation for evidence-based JCBPs for accessibility provisions for individuals with mobility disabilities.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: يصاب حوالي شخص واحد من كل مليون شخص بالهيموفيليا المكتسبة. يعد التشخيص في الوقت المناسب أمرا بالغ الأهمية لإدارة المرض بطريقة مناسبة والوقاية من المضاعفات التي تهدد الحياة. قد يلجأ هؤلاء المرضى في البداية إلى أطباء غير متخصصين وقد يبقون غير مشخصين لسنوات عدة. يهدف هذا الإجماع إلى توفير إرشادات لجميع الممارسين في المملكة العربية السعودية لتشخيص وإدارة الهيموفيليا المكتسبة. طرق البحث: تعكس هذه البيانات الإجماعية الآراء التي تم صياغتها بواسطة مجموعة من أخصائيي أمراض الدم باستخدام عملية منهجية صريحة لتحديد مجالات الاتفاق والاختلاف. النتائج: يمكن استخدام هذا البيان الإجماعي كدليل لجميع الممارسين في المملكة العربية السعودية فيما يتعلق بتشخيص المظاهر السريرية، والعلاقة، وخصائص أعراض النزيف، وإدارة هذه الحالات، مع توجيه خاص للأخصائيين غير المتخصصين. سوف يناقش الإجماع جميع جوانب الإدارة، من التشخيص إلى أساليب العلاج. الاستنتاجات: قد يلجأ مرضى الهيموفيليا المكتسبة في البداية إلى أطباء يفتقرون إلى الخبرة المناسبة في تشخيص وإدارة هؤلاء المرضى. يوفر هذا البيان الإجماعي وثيقة مفصلة لتشخيص وإدارة الهيموفيليا المكتسبة، بتوجيه من أفضل الخبراء في المرض في المملكة العربية السعودية. Abstract: Objectives: Acquired hemophilia affects approximately one in 1 million people. Timely diagnosis is key to appropriate disease management and the prevention of life-threatening complications. Patients with this condition may initially be seen by inexperienced physicians and remain underdiagnosed for several years. This consensus statement is aimed at providing guidelines for all practitioners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to diagnose and manage acquired hemophilia A. Methods: This consensus statement reflects the opinions drafted by a group of hematology specialists, who used an explicit systematic process to identify areas of agreement and disagreement. Results: This consensus statement provides a guide for all practitioners in the KSA regarding the diagnosis of clinical presentation, relevance, characteristics of bleeding symptoms, and case management; it additionally provides guidance for non-specialists. All management aspects, including diagnosis and treatment modalities, are discussed. Conclusions: Patients with acquired hemophilia may initially be seen by physicians who lack appropriate expertise in diagnosing and managing this condition. This consensus statement from the premier experts on the disease in the KSA provides details for diagnosing and managing acquired hemophilia.

To improve the methods of portrait identification, the authors have analyzed the current state of the examination technology, requirements for the means and methods of its conduct. They have also studied the particularities of specialists’ interaction in the field of digital image analysis. The need to supplement the methodology with biometric and intelligent technologies is specifically noted. The importance of including in the research procedure the techniques for analyzing the digital media of portrait information to identify both the characteristics of the media itself and the parameters of formation, storage, and changes in the information on it is highlighted. Attention is focused on the expansion of the complex of features of a person’s appearance used in portrait identification with dynamic features for the study of which it is necessary to use mathematical comparison techniques. It is revealed that the solution of problems related to the identification of a person in the future should be carried out by comparing the entire complex of signs of anatomical and accompanying characteristics of the elements of appearance. In addition to traditional “qualitative-descriptive” research methods, it is necessary to use objective analytical methods, biometric recognition, artificial intelligence and involve specialists from related expert fields to develop methods of rapid diagnosis of facts specific to the study of digital portraits.

The Espresso Protocol (TEP) was used to assess the quality of coffee beans through espresso extraction incorporating a sensory approach. TEP includes overall quality evaluation and attribute evaluation using check-all-that-apply (CATA). This study aims to evaluate the repeatability of TEP when used by experts and to compare cross-cultural assessments to determine its applicability across different countries with diverse coffee cultures. Experts with over three years of experience in the coffee industry from five countries—France (n = 7), India (n = 12), Italy (n = 7), the Republic of Korea (n = 10), and the USA (n = 10)—participated in our study. The experiment was conducted in three replications using eight different single-origin coffee samples over two or three consecutive days. Cluster analysis using CATA data was performed to verify the repeatability of individual participants in the characterization of espresso samples, revealing that most participants were repeatable in their three-time evaluations. Moreover, a significant homogeneity index demonstrated a high degree of similarity in the sensory characteristics used by experts from each country, although cultural differences were observed in the terminology used to describe coffee. In conclusion, the repeatability of individual experts and the reliability of TEP were successfully demonstrated. However, some differences in sensory evaluations were noted across cultures; these were likely influenced by differences in the use of terminology, which emphasizes the need for training in the coffee lexicon.

The purpose of the study was to determine which NANDA nursing diagnosis are made and which related NIC nursing interventions are carried out most frequently by acute anaesthesiology and intensive nursing care experts in the Slovak and the Czech Republics (hereinafter as SR and CR). Methods: The Likert Scale and Fehring's Diagnostic Content Validity Model (DCV model) were used for the research. Sample: Experts in acute anaesthesiology and intensive nursing care. The cohort consisted of 132 (nA =132; 81 from SR and 51 from the CR) experts meeting Fehring's criteria. The number of Slovak academic nurses was nA1=47 (31.8%); Czech academic nurses were nA2=16 (10.8%); Slovak clinical nurses were nA3=34 (25.8%); Czech clinical nurses were nA4=35 (26.5%). Experts were part of the total sample. The total number of all participants of the validation research, i.e. academic nurses/educators/experts and clinical nurses/experts (nc =848) from two countries -- SR and CR. A total of 69 items -- activities of two interventions for NIC nursing diagnosis: Risk for Infection 00004 were evaluated. Results: We found out that the total set of experts rated all activities/practices of Intervention I and II as significant. Conclusion: The results of an international study provide valid evidence for the development of nursing care and present validated NIC nursing interventions in relation to the diagnosis of Risk for Infection 00004 for practice, research, and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Slovak law on expertness defines an expert opinion, determining who can venture it and how to bring it before the court. Yet, do the courts consider expert opinions as their own? The presented study explores the incentives to commissioning expert opinions and the legal environment of this institute. The community of experts has found flaws in the legislation governing expert opinions, arguing that experts tend to bias their opinion in favour of the client and break the oath they took on behalf of the law. Although the Slovak legislation sets parameters to avoid abuse or defamation of the expert opinion, the judicial practice will show if the degree of acceptance of this opinion is higher than in countries with non-enacted legislation on these opinions despite their wide use in legal proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Forensic psychiatric expertise is part of the judicial expertise category, which finds its express regulation in art. 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code, being a relevant evidentiary process to ensure justice. Considering its specific role, regarding the establishment of objective evidence in the criminal process, the medico-legal psychiatric expertise has as its fundamental task to determine the mental state condition of a person, at a certain moment, in connection with the commission of a criminal act. Thus, it consists in a complex medical activity, ordered by the judicial body and conducted by a committee within a forensic medical institution, only after obtaining the written consent of the person to be subjected to examination. In accordance with the rigors imposed by the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code and also by the special regulations, useful in the practice of expertise, the performance of this technical-scientific activity must take place with respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more experts from the social sciences are appearing in the media to provide expert opinions on media coverage of events and social issues. However, with regard to the conditions under which media content is produced, a growing number of voices have been pointing to the fact that quasi-experts with a media interest tend to speak more in the media than scientifically trained scholars. This article conducts an analysis of media outputs to examine whether this criticism is relevant to the field of education in the Czech media landscape, and the analysis shows that in almost half of cases the so-called "education experts" commenting on education in the media were quasi-experts – people to whom the authority and status to speak on education is attributed by the media – rather than scholarly experts. The analysis results in a classification of experts on education speaking in the Czech media – they usually choose similar rhetoric and accentuate only selected educational topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Numerous consensus documents worldwide address luteinizing hormone (LH) supplementation in controlled ovarian stimulation, yet to the best of our knowledge, only one consensus paper has been published in the Arab region. This study presents a Delphi consensus by seven Iranian infertility experts, offering real-world clinical perspectives. The aim was to develop evidence-based opinions on LH's role alongside FSH in various aspects of assisted reproductive technology (ART), including LHlevels, monitoring, r-hLHuse, and suggested activity. Methods: Employing the Delphi consensus approach, the Iran consensus unfolded in three steps. In Step 1, eight out of 10 statements gained approval, while two unclear statements were removed. In Step 2, the 20-member extended panel voted on the remaining eight statements. Results: Only one (statement 3) lacked consensus (55% agreement), prompting a modification. The revised statement (noted as statement 3') obtained an 83% agreement. Discussion: The clinical perspectives included in this consensus complement clinical guidelines and policies that help further improve treatment outcomes, especially for patients with FSH and LH deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the influence of using three-dimensional (3D) computer and 3D-printed models on the spatial reasoning of experts and novices. The task of this study required general university students as novices in Experiment 1 and surgeons specializing in digestive surgery as experts in Experiment 2 to infer the cross sections of a liver, using a 3D-computer or 3D-printed model. The results of the experiments showed that the university students learned faster and inferred the liver structure more accurately with the 3D-printed model than with the 3D-computer model. Conversely, the surgeons showed the same task performance when using the 3D-computer and 3D-printed models; however, they performed the task with more confidence and less workload during the task with the 3D-printed model. Based on the results, the cognitive effects and advantages of using 3D-printed models for novices and experts have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of land in expropriation cases is calculated based on the net income obtained from the land. According to this approach, two main variables determining land value are net income and the capitalization rate. An error made by the experts in determining the capitalization rate will cause discussions about over or under estimation of land value. The aim of this article is to discuss the Supreme Court decisions regarding the capitalization rate used in determining the land value in expropriation cases with a scientific framework. The data of the article consist of the knowledge obtained by examining 62 Supreme Court decisions. It is aimed to ensure uniformity of practice among experts with the capitalization rates recommended by the Supreme Court of Appeals. In this way, it is foreseen that the use of very different capitalization rates in the same region will be prevented. It can be said that the decisions of the Supreme Court regarding the capitalization rate have reduced the objections to the land expropriation cases to a certain extent. In the article, firstly the methodology related to the calculation of the capitalization rate was presented, then the decisions of the Supreme Court based on the expert reports were discussed. It was expected that the article will guide relevant people and organizations, especially experts, valuation commissions and judicial bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is identify experts in the field of bladed weapons and reveal the main aspects in the attribution process to identify the authenticity of bladed weapons. The methodology of the research The methodology is based on methods of analysis and synthesis to study the issue of attribution of antique edged bladed weapons, which may have cultural value. Structuralcomparative and comparative-historical methods were also used. In order to systematize and evaluate the representativeness of the topic of published sources, source studies methods of bibliographic heuristics, classification and systematization were used. The scientific novelty are classification of edged weapons market experts is indicated, who, depending on the apparent material base, absorb visualized experience and take into account in their comparative analysis different markers of the “authenticity” of antique edged bladed weapons. The problem of the cold armor market is revealed, which is filled with pieces of carved “yakness”, and guidelines are highlighted for the respect of experts in the process of attributing antique blade armor. Conclusions. The circle of connoisseurs and the corresponding base of their knowledge is determined, which is based on access to examples of antique, historical cold weapons. The most complete range of markers in the question of existence, which should be taken into account by an expert in his research, the purpose of which is to determine the authenticity of an antique bladed weapon, has been determined. The Viollet-le-Duc style is characterized as a separate direction of cold weapon styling. Specific issues of a copy or forged sample of a cold weapon, which under certain conditions can acquire an independent artistic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]