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The dual nature of the influence of international migration on the level of economic development, social situation and national security of the host country is considered. The author evaluates both the role of external migration as a compensatory component of natural population decline at the current stage of development, and the negative effects of this process. Taking into account the specifics of the regional structure of the Russian Federation and its inherent differentiation in terms of the level of socio-economic development, in order to increase the validity of management decisions regarding the regulation of migration flows at the regional level, a system of statistical indicators is proposed in the form of a model set of diverse indicators that characterize the impact of migration flows on the economy of the region and social burden on the population. The author examines 6 main analytical areas: contingent load, migration intensity, migration load, migration efficiency, migration density, migration effectiveness, represented by relevant indicators. This system of indicators was the basis for conducting multidimensional cluster analysis in order to identify regions that have a similar profile in terms of the influence of external migration processes. As a result, 6 clusters were identified and described, which have significant differences in terms of the influence of external migration processes on the socio-economic characteristics of the region. The application of the approach under consideration, according to the author, will help improve the quality of migration flow management and the effectiveness of migrant adaptation policies at the regional level.

The ship breaking industry flourished in Bangladesh after the liberation war in 1971. Since then Bangladesh is leading in this ship breaking sector around the globe. The rapid growth of this industry is specially driven by national iron demands, income generation, and the easy opportunity of employment for the poor people. As most of the workers working here are poor and hail from underdeveloped regions of the country hence this study was designed to find out the obstacles and opportunities that need to encounter when they leave this industry after extensive working years. The instrument used for this research was semi close ended questionnaires, in depth interviews, ethnographic analysis and secondary research. The respondents are from southern and northern parts of Bangladesh, aged 18 years and above. This study revealed that a majority portion of the out migrant workers are sufferings from numerous challenges such as health issue, social stigma, psychological trauma, restricted employment opportunities, limited geographical mobility and so on. Conversely, only a minority of the out migrators are benefited from this industry, specifically those employed in technical or supervisory roles. Overall, this industry has proven detrimental, creating more obstacles rather than opportunities for out-migrant workers lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of risks emergence problem of socio-political conflict, threats to the preservation of Russian identity in the process of including foreign cultural groups of international migrants in Russian society is a consequence of public administration insufficient efficiency when implementing state migration and national policy. Applying the structural-functional method, the authors study public administration in the external migration sphere for compliance with its essential characteristics. The predominant focus of state management in the migration sphere on ensuring the human resources component of the Russian labor market, as well as on control over migration flows is combined with the state management model shortcomings in the sphere of migrants’ inclusion in the host community. External migration state management should be aimed at solving the socio-economic development problems in Russia and ensuring national security and at the same time should minimize potential risks of social and cultural nature. The authors propose a risk-oriented approach in the migration processes state management, based on a comprehensive consideration of tensions that arise both in the labor market of foreign workers and the foreigners’ inclusion in the Russian society. In order to implement the proposed method, it is advisable to define a single subject of state management, which will be able to exercise authority considering the migration process integrity.

The paper compares external migration features before and after the start of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The authors analysed the main reasons and circumstances of migration in each period, the impact of migration on the daily life of migrants, the realisation of the right to work, living conditions, the situation in communities and communities in which migrants live, and the attitude towards them. The problems of caring for children in migrant families and the peculiarities of realising children’s right to education are considered. The most common issues that arise in communications and relationships in migrant families are analysed. Recommendations are offered for improving the situation of migrants, realising their needs and interests, and ensuring compliance with their rights and that of their children. The authors compare features of external migration before the beginning of 2022 and with the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine on February 24, 2022, and reveal the common features and differences between these two stages of migration. The main reasons and circumstances of external migration in the pre-war period and after the full-scale invasion are determined. It is noted that before the beginning of the armed aggression of Russia, the departure of Ukrainians abroad had clearly defined signs of labour migration, and with the beginning of the war, the main argument in favour of leaving Ukraine became the desire to ensure security for themselves and their children. Three stages of the migration process are distinguished and characterised: the stage of relocation (evacuation), the stage of adaptation and the stage of integration. The authors analyse the leading causes and circumstances of migration in each period, the impact of migration on the daily life of migrants, the realisation of the right to work, living conditions, access to medical services, the situation in communities and communities in which migrants live, and attitudes towards them. Approaches to the segmentation of migrants are proposed depending on the circumstances of their departure from Ukraine, family status and the situation in the host countries. The peculiarities of the employment of Ukrainians abroad in the pre-war period and after the beginning of the war are given and the geographical, professional, gender and other parameters of labour activity of migrants are analysed. The specifics of the education and upbringing of migrant children, the peculiarities of children’s right to education were analysed, the problems of education, interpersonal relations between different generations of migrants, the impact of migration on the psychological state of children and their socialisation processes were considered. The level of information and legal awareness of migrants was studied, and the lack of systematic knowledge of Ukrainian and foreign legislation regulating migration was recorded among many migrants. A list of the most urgent needs of migrants and their family members is given. Typical differences between migrants and their family members in their perception and planning of their future are analysed. Recommendations are offered for improving the situation of migrants, realising their needs and interests, and ensuring compliance with their rights and that of their children.

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The full-scale war ignited by the Russian Federation caused a huge wave of migrants from Ukraine to EU countries. It drastically changed the situation in political and socioeconomic areas in Ukraine and the host countries. The current situation with migration is unpredictable and it is reaching a catastrophic scale. It makes a threat to the national security of Ukraine. Preventing the collapse of the country's economy is impossible without a balanced government policy in this area. The purpose of this paper is to study the new wave of migration from Ukraine to European countries after the beginning of the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation on February 24, 2022, update data on the scale of forced migration of Ukrainians to European countries, analyze the influence of factors affecting the size of migration flows of forced migrants from Ukraine to European countries, and the consequences inflicted by this wave. In our research we systematized data on the number of Ukrainian forced migrants in various European countries, analyzed statistical data on the amounts of financial support received by Ukrainian forced migrants in various European countries and examined data on the number of job vacancies in European countries. Based on these data, we ran a correlation analysis of the relationship between the number of Ukrainian forced migrants and the amount of monthly financial support, and the number of job vacancies. The factors influencing the allocation of Ukrainian forced migrants among European countries were identified and systematized. We demonstrated the importance of considering these factors for solving the problem of the return of Ukrainian forced migrants to Ukraine. We conclude that the amount of financial support is not closely related to the number of Ukrainian migrants in a certain country. More significant is the influence of the factor of the opportunity to get a job and adapt to living conditions in new countries. This indicates the intentions of Ukrainian forced migrants to stay in these countries for a long time, and possibly stay in these countries in the future. To facilitate the return of forced migrants to Ukraine and reduce migration losses in the country, it is proposed to develop a government program for the return of Ukrainian forced migrants, which would cover institutional, organizational and economic dimensions, and would apply the practice of European countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing Ukrainian migration towards EU countries determines the need for evaluation of pull factors shaping their environment to regulate these processes better. The study aims to assess the EU’s pull environment attracting migrants, and evaluate the elasticity of Ukrainian total and labor migration to the change of social and economic factors in EU countries. The data are collected for the period from 2005 to 2018. The method involves weighting the indicators and sub-indices with the following calculating partial and integral indices of the pull environment of migration for selected EU countries (the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain) and the EU-28. During 2005–2018, the integral level of pull environment of migration in the EU-28 was above average, whereas the most attractive countries for external migrants were Germany, the Czech Republic, Spain, and Italy. In terms of the intensity of total migration from Ukraine in 2018, Poland (236.06 departures per 1,000 Ukrainians), Hungary (73.6), Germany (12.6), and Italy (7.3) are among the main destinations. While the intensity of Ukrainian migration is high, its growth rate depends on the time lag (different elasticities in the medium and long run). The integral analysis of the pull environment has a practical value allowing to conduct migration intensity and elasticity evaluation, as well as the cross-country pull-factor analysis (pull strength) for substantiating the improvement of regulatory and methodological provisions of migration policies for both Ukraine and the hosting EU states. AcknowledgmentThe study has been conducted within the framework of applied research “Mechanisms of the proactive policy for reducing social vulnerability of the population (based on the Carpathian region of Ukraine)” (M. Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Reg. No. 0121U112014, 2021–2023).

The full-scale war ignited by the Russian Federation caused a huge wave of migrants from Ukraine to EU countries. It drastically changed the situation in political and socio-economic areas in Ukraine and the host countries. The current situation with migration is unpredictable and it is reaching a catastrophic scale. It makes a threat to the national security of Ukraine. Preventing the collapse of the country's economy is impossible without a balanced government policy in this area. The purpose of this paper is to study the new wave of migration from Ukraine to European countries after the beginning of the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation on February 24, 2022, update data on the scale of forced migration of Ukrainians to European countries, analyze the influence of factors affecting the size of migration flows of forced migrants from Ukraine to European countries, and the consequences inflicted by this wave. In our research we systematized data on the number of Ukrainian forced migrants in various European countries, analyzed statistical data on the amounts of financial support received by Ukrainian forced migrants in various European countries and examined data on the number of job vacancies in European countries. Based on these data, we ran a correlation analysis of the relationship between the number of Ukrainian forced migrants and the amount of monthly financial support, and the number of job vacancies. The factors influencing the allocation of Ukrainian forced migrants among European countries were identified and systematized. We demonstrated the importance of considering these factors for solving the problem of the return of Ukrainian forced migrants to Ukraine. We conclude that the amount of financial support is not closely related to the number of Ukrainian migrants in a certain country. More significant is the influence of the factor of the opportunity to get a job and adapt to living conditions in new countries. This indicates the intentions of Ukrainian forced migrants to stay in these countries for a long time, and possibly stay in these countries in the future. To facilitate the return of forced migrants to Ukraine and reduce migration losses in the country, it is proposed to develop a government program for the return of Ukrainian forced migrants, which would cover institutional, organizational and economic dimensions, and would apply the practice of European countries.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify trends in external migration of the population in the Carpathian region of Ukraine and to develop applied recommendations for the regulation of external migration in the context of the need to save human resources. Methodology / approach. The theoretical and scientific-methodological basis of the study are the theories of migration, social economy and demography, methods of cognition of migration phenomena and processes. Current research involves such methods and approaches as logical generalization and synthesis to create the basic conclusions and proposals; comparative analysis to compare trends of external migration in the Carpathian region with average national indicators; structural and geographical analysis to assess the migrant rates in recipient countries; graphic and cartographic methods to visualize the results of research of migration flows. Results. The volume of external migration of the population in the Carpathian region of Ukraine as a border area is significant compared to national trends. The largest volumes of migration flows from the Carpathian region are directed to Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Germany, and Italy. The results of the structural analysis confirm the close migration relations of oblasts of the Carpathian region and neighboring countries, including the Carpathian region and Hungary, the Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk oblasts with Poland, and Zakarpattya oblast and Moldova. It is determined that the real indicators of external migration from the Carpathian region significantly exceed the data of official statistics. It is proved that the critical challenges caused by the growing external migration in the Carpathian region relate to: increasing educational and labour migration of young people against an active pull migration policy for high qualified and working staff in the EU, increasing imbalances in regional labour markets, low wages and incomes, non-availability labour substitution effect due to low demographic reproduction and active immigration policies. Originality / scientific novelty. The system of priority goals of regional migration policy has been improved in terms of substantiation of mechanisms for regulating external migration of the population, which is based on the formation of information and analytical base of external migration of border areas and development of a new electronic system of labour and educational migration. For the first time, it has been proposed a system of measures to ensure the convergence of the institutional system for regulating regional migration flows from the Carpathian region by the leading models of EU countries. Practical value / implications. There are proposed and substantiated the tools and appropriate measures for regulating the external migration of the population in the Carpathian region under conditions of the need to save human resources and ensure the intellectual and personnel security in the region for their implementation by regional authorities.

Migration can be viewed as a way of mass reaction of the population to the political, socio-economic, spiritual, and environmental changes taking place in the country. In this context, it would be difficult to find another social phenomenon that accurately and clearly reflects changes in society. The process of migration affects the countries receiving and sending migrants differently depending on the level of development, changing the structure of the country and leading to the differentiation of its regions. And in order for migration to positively influence the development of the country, it is necessary to study, regulate and direct it. The purpose of the article is to determine the main approaches of domestic and foreign researchers in the analysis of migration, which is becoming one of the most important problems at the regional, national and international levels in the modern world. The task is to identify, analyze and group the views of domestic, foreign researchers and determine the dominant point of view on the problem, as well as analyze the opinions of domestic researchers by analyzing statistical data. The hypothesis of the study is that new opportunities in science, the possibility of using empirical methods, especially statistical data, create a new approach to the analysis of the migration process, which moves from optimism to pessimism. The analysis shows that since the beginning of the 21st century, the number of studies of "migration pessimists", who give a negative assessment of migration and advocate limited migration, has increased. They associate negative consequences with migration, such as a decrease in income among the indigenous population, an increase in unemployment, an increase in social spending, a slowdown in economic growth, an increase in social tension caused by increased cultural differences, a worsening sanitary and epidemiological situation, the threat of terrorism, etc. For these reasons, today migration creates more negative forecasts. The difference between these views lies in the fact that most works written in an optimistic manner are more concerned with the theoretical aspects of the problem and are based on the economic consequences of migration for donor and recipient countries, while "pessimistic" works are based on empirical data and are aimed at more accurate analysis of the socio-economic, political, cultural, demographic, environmental consequences of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is a frequent phenomenon in the current European context. It is culturally differentiated according to every country, and it has a major role in the social sustainability of families and the next generation. This paper aimed to determine the impact of parents leaving to work abroad on the lives of their left-at-home children. This gives rise to a new phenomenon of "social orphans". This research was carried out with the participation of eight adults who, during their childhood, had a parent who went to work abroad for a period of more than one month. The research tool used was the semi-structured interview guide. The research found that the main reason for parents leaving was the precarious financial situation of their families and their need to support their children (materially, educationally, and financially). The research results showed that the resulting greater financial stability did not guarantee that family ties would develop in a positive direction. More than half of the respondents reported a worsening of relationships with family members and experienced major psycho-emotional deprivation. The family has been negatively impacted in the social sustainability of the next generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose of research. The article examines the human potential of the Russian Federation in the context of the established second wave of the demographic crisis. The article analyzes the state of the number, composition and structure of the population of the Russian Federation during the first (1992–2012) and second demographic crisis (2016 and up to the present), taking into account the factors of population reproduction (birth rate and mortality) and migration inflows to the country. Factors and causes of external migration with the CIS countries are identified, as they have been and remain the main donors for replenishing the population of the Russian Federation. On the basis of analytical indicators of dynamics and methods of statistical relationships, an assessment of external migration growth and its impact on the country's economy is carried out. Special attention is paid to measures taken at the state level to stabilize and improve migration problems.Materials and methods. The information base of the study is statistical data and analytical information on external migration flows, based on statistical surveys conducted in the country. The methodological basis of the research is represented by statistical methods of information analysis: comparative analysis, structural and dynamic analysis, analysis of the interrelationships of migration and economic indicators.Results. The article analyzes in detail the results of current events in the country during periods of demographic decline and population growth since 1992. Due to the demographic policy implemented in the country, as well as the peculiarities of the age and gender structure of the population, it is proved that the main component for population growth is still the migration inflow. Special attention is paid to external labor migration in recent years. The impact of migration growth on economic indicators (unemployment rate, real wages, index of physical volume of GDP) and the development of the economy as a whole are estimated. Also, on the scale of the State National Policy Strategy being implemented until 2025, state measures to stabilize and improve the situation in the field of migration policy are presented and analyzed.Conclusion. Due to the fact that migration policy is a defining component of demographic policy, which is currently one of the priorities of the state's development, it is advisable to regularly study external migration as one of the most important sources of replenishment of human capital and hence the development of the country's economy. Therefore, the government of the Russian Federation should pay special attention to measures to attract foreign highly qualified labor force in active working age; providing foreign students who have successfully completed their studies and defended their diplomas in Russian universities with the opportunity to find a job in our country in order to obtain Russian citizenship and create a family in Russia. As well as carrying out regular monitoring studies on adaptation of foreign citizens, taking into account regional peculiarities of development of economy of our country, because today in the conditions of demographic decline of the Russian population it is one of the main sources of economic development on the geopolitical level, as labor potential – a basis for national economic growth.

The topic of this article is migration as a social phenomenon, analyzed both globally and in Romania. International migration is today a phenomenon that takes many forms, produces effects and shapes national societies. This phenomenon leads to migratory behavior and globalization, causing essential changes in the traditional way of life. In the contemporary world, international migration is a common reality of everyday life, the variety of forms and causal factors requiring a dynamic analytical approach, according to the particularities of each category of migrants. In this article we will outline the main theoretical coordinates related to external migration, with emphasis on the specifics of the sociological perspective of approaching this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi (CTAD) is the property of Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article addresses the contemporary questions of Russian national safety caused by migration processes. There are given historical examples which can be lessons for Russia, statistical data on an external migration and the role of the state authorities in the registration and migration flows control is defined

Recent migrations in Spain have been seen in the light of the crisis (lower immigration, return to country/region of origin and remigration) and of incipient economic recovery (return to Spain and resumption of immigration). A territorial perspective must be added to this analysis and is the subject of this paper, because immigration – which had helped bring dynamism to various metropolises and certain rural spaces – was altered as of 2008. At the metropolitan level, peri-urban areas become places of expulsion and lose their capacity to attract. At the same time, the flows that had contributed to the tentative demographic recovery of certain rural municipalities decrease. In sum, major territorial transformations resulted that have, in turn, changed during the present economic recovery.

Aim. The aim of the study is to identify the degree of external threat relating to the spread of HIV infection by migrants in the North Caucasus Federal District of Russia. Material and Methods. Systemic, comparative geographical, geographic and statistical research methods were applied, as well as MS Excel and SPSS Statistics software packages. The database was created for the periods 1997‐2000, 2003‐2006, 2007‐2010 and 2011‐2015. Four main (aggregated) groups of indicators were selected. Results. A hierarchical cluster analysis was undertaken on groups of indicators (the current situation in states studied regarding the spread of HIV, the flow of migrants from these states to the North Caucasus Federal District as a whole and its differentiation according to chronological and chorological characteristics) which made it possible to aggregate the countries of Asia and Africa into four groups according to threat level of the spread of HIV infection for the North Caucasus Federal District: (1) extremely high (post‐Soviet states of the Caucasus and Central Asia [excepting Turkmenistan]); (2) high (states of the eastern Mediterranean [excepting Lebanon], as well as Afghanistan and Turkmenistan); (3) countries of a medium degree of threat (most of the countries of sub‐Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia [except Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, the Philippines and Brunei], as well as Pakistan); (4) low (all states). Conclusion. Despite the greater spread of HIV in African states compared with Asian states, it is the latter ‐ especially those formerly part of the USSR ‐ that pose the greatest threat to the North Caucasus Federal District with regard to the spread of HIV by migrants. Almost every state of origin of the majority of migrants infected with HIV has “its own” preferred destination in the North Caucasus Federal District, to which their inflows are oriented.

Migration processes of the XXI century have a significant impact on the development of civil society in Ukraine, as they are characterized by large scale. These processes affect the formation of socio-demographic, economic, political and cultural spheres. In Ivano-Frankivsk region, as in the border area, they are quite dynamic. Coverage of migration processes, in particular, labor migration, during the economic crisis, social instability and hostilities in the country and served as a study of the chosen topic of scientific publication. Based on the methods of analysis and synthesis, the main causes and consequences of migration processes in Ivano-Frankivsk region are analyzed. The authors noted the influence of geographical, social and personal factors on the intensification of external migration, and also noted that the economic factor is predominant. In the scientific work for the first time a thorough analysis of the financial condition of citizens of Ukraine in the calculation of the level of the minimum wage in Ivano-Frankivsk region and within Ukraine, in general. Wages were also compared and their differences between Ukraine and a number of European countries, in particular, in Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Lithuania. The number of migrants by all types of migration flows during the last year within the Ivano-Frankivsk region is graphically represented by gender. It is established that the majority of migrants are women. Also an important place in the study was the analysis of migration from 2002 to 2019. In the article highlighting the dynamics of these processes, a comparative analysis of the definition of migration. The authors propose the main steps to improve migration policy, namely: the formation of a clear regional program in the field of migration processes, which will ultimately form the basis for sustainable economic development of the region, wage growth (including minimum wage), increase the employed population (respectively, reducing the number of unemployed), as well as replenishment of local budgets through taxes. The current state of external migration within Ivano-Frankivsk is analyzed. It was revealed that against the background of complex socio-economic reforms in the region there was a reduction in the migration flow of the local population in Ivano-Frankivsk region.

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Copyright of Reforma (1694-5158) is the property of Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article considers the processes of internal and external migration as one of the key political problems that needs to be studied. External and internal migration flows in Russia are analyzed. The consequences of the migration movement of the population on political processes are identified and described. The political consequences of the internal and external migration flows in Russia are compared. The author comes to the conclusion that external and internal migration has a significant impact on the socio-economic and political tension in the society and poses a threat to Russia’s national security. However, the positive effects of external migration on the socio-economic sphere cannot be ignored, as they can be considered as a basis for replacing the shortage of working age strata.

The aim of the article is to highlight the situation and problems concerning the forced migration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine, as well as to suggest ways for addressing the problems. There analyzed the specificity of the forced displacement of the population of Ukraine due to the temporary occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and certain regions of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the armed conflict in the east of Ukraine. To conduct the analysis, statistical data, results of the carried out expert survey, research data and reports of international organizations were used. The article discusses the problems encountered by internally displaced persons (IDPs) in connection with the situation of displacement, motives for moving from temporarily occupied territories, data on the length of staying in places of resettlement, and plans for further movement. Attention is focused on the main achievements and shortcomings of the state policy regarding IDPs. The contribution of national civil society institutions and international organizations to the provision of various forms of assistance and support to IDPs is noted. Based on the analysis, a number of directions for improving the state migration policy under conditions of massive forced internal displacement are proposed.

Features of legal migrant workers work regulation are caused, first of all, by opportunities of General Work Society creation in our country based on the developed market economy, and also, in general, with change of legal and political system of the Kazakhstan society. Especially sharply there is a matter in connection with strengthening of integration processes within modern world politics and emergence of large economic blocks which participant of the Republic of Kazakhstan becomes. In particular, since January 1, 2015 the contract of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) creation directed to strengthening socially – economic processes between member countries has come into force: to formation of uniform commodity market, services, the capital and that is especially important, a manpower. In this context we consider necessary to note that the legal status of migrant workers in the Republic of Kazakhstan wasn’t exposed to a complex theoretical and practical research. In this article we aimed to reveal some the theorist – application-oriented questions that arose in the sphere of labor migration, and also to render attempt in business assistance of elimination of those legal collisions which appeared owing to ratifica-tion of the international agreements by the Republic of Kazakhstan and to set their ratio with the national legislation. Research objective is studying of a legal status of workers – migrants, generalization and the analysis of separate aspects of their legal status, identification of legislative ways of regulation of work of workers – migrants, and also influence of their activity on improvement of institute of social partnership.

Copyright of Human Geography Journal is the property of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The economic and social evolution of Romania over the last thirty years, marked by an increasingly sharp decrease of the national economic potential and, implicitly, of the incomes of a large part of the population, concomitantly with the liberalization of the labor market globally, has determined a large number of Romanians to turn their attention to employment in developed European countries. Migration is a complex process, with social effects that involve long-term consequences, a global phenomenon that has acquired very large dimensions, contributing to the formation of the states population. Migratory flows influence, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the demographic, social and economic security of all countries. This article aims to analyze the phenomenon in both directions, of the internal rural-urban as well as urban-rural but also external migration, in the context of Romania being in the top five countries of the EU with the largest number of migrants. There are certain phenomena appearing such as ruralisation and suburbanization, characterized as natural processes, going through or have gone much of the world cities. Finally, this paper aims to provide an overview of the Romanian migratory phenomenon in perspective compared to Poland and also which are the main causes of the significant difference between the two countries. The positive and negative effects of internal and external migration on the migrant's household, poverty reduction and increased access to infrastructure are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is carried out in order to determine the effects of Turkey's foreign migrations on seasonal agricultural workers and the socio-economic problems that occur in seasonal agricultural workers by examining field studies made on emigration and seasonal agricultural workers. With the signing of the Geneva Convention in 1951, Turkey granted refugees asylum and set certain special conditions in the convention. Turkey has taken many immigrants from the Middle East because of the reasons such as wars, internal conflicts, natural disasters which occurred after Geneva Convention, and the fact that people have to leave their places of residence or are forced to emigrate. This situation caused a rapid increase in the number of seasonal agricultural workers, especially in the 1950s to present day. The number of seasonal agricultural workers has reached millions due to the effects of external migration between 1980 and 1990. After this period of time, seasonal agricultural labor has ceased to be a marginal type of labor. In the 2000s, the number of migrant seasonal agricultural workers reached significant levels. Especially since 2011, the agricultural migrant labor force, mostly Syrian workers, has replaced the domestic seasonal labor force in various production processes. Within the scope of this study, the effects of external migration on seasonal agricultural labor are evaluated and policy recommendations are made towards the market at the end of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education of Economists & Managers / Edukacja Ekonomistow i Menedzerow is the property of Warsaw School of Economics, Department of Human Capital Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problem of migration that emerged during the 1950s in Turkey as one of the most important sources of urban problems still continues today. Particularly emerging as a result of social and economic factors, migration paves the way for diverse transformations in social and cultural spheres. Especially recent happenings such as large migration flows in the Middle East, Asia and Africa and the dramatic process of civil war in Syria necessitate the detailed analysis of the issue of migration. Internal and external migration are important themes narrated by Turkish cinema. Directors and producers have not stayed neutral to this phenomenon that had deep effects on social life and narrated this issue in their movies in different eras. is study examines the movies Otobüs (1974), El Kapısı (1974) and 40m2 Almanya (1986) with philosophical, sociological and psychological dimensions based on the methods of cinematic dramaturgy and discourse analysis. It is observed that the problems of East-West dichotomy, alienation and otherization are stressed in these movies. The aim for choosing this subject matter as an object of study is to analyze the ways external immigration is represented in the Turkish cinema before the 1990s and thus to remind that Turkish citizens were once upon a time migrants “on others’ doors” and have experienced the similar tragedies lived by the Syrian refugees today, and hence to contribute to the development of empathy towards the Syrian refugees.

The state­legal regulation of external migration in the country was and remains inconsistent and ineffective. The value of regulation of external migration gains still big relevance in connection with formation of the Customs union and EAU. Because of problems with realization and observance of migratory rules, the unregistered migrants are forced out in «shadow» national economy. In this regard in this article the analysis of migration policy of Kazakhstan concerning regulation of labor migration is undertaken.

The concern about aging in Romania is generated by recording its aging trend, reflected by thecontinuous increase in numbers compared to other segments of the population and the impact thishas on their vulnerable category. The last few decades are marked by a continuous and significantpopulation decline due alarming deterioration of population dynamics of three components: births,deaths and migration. The current demographic picture of the country reveals that the number ofpensioners tends to exceed half of the population, the number of adults and children decreasedstatistically and significantly narrows its pyramid base. These are essential elements that requireeffective social policies including demographic ones.

Migration regulation belongs to the realm of the state government and inseparable component of the strategic interests of any country. Authors mention that migration is a process of the population changing its spatial location regardless of the causes, duration and geographical limits. Authors conclude that in the countries with high probability of force majeure due to the instabilities in climate, economy, and politics, the continuous monitoring of the migration activity of the population has to be performed using resources of international organizations. The goal of such monitoring is to evaluate emergence of migration flows.

Copyright of Journal of Aksaray University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Aksaray Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Aksaray University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problems of Economy is the property of Research Centre for Industrial Developmen Problems of Nas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal regulation of the migration processes in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the example of the Republic of Kalmykia. Activities of the migration services and other subjects of legal relations in the process of implementation of legal provisions in this sphere have been studied in the paper. Internal migration has also been analyzed. The research has shown that the state regulation of the migration processes is one of the directions of the state policy aimed at their organization and management by the state administrative authorities with the use of the administrative, legal and socio-economic forms and methods in order to achieve the interests of the state in the sphere of social, demographic and economic development of the society in compliance with the principles of international and Russian laws. Bringing Russian legislation in the field of migration to democratic international standards implies a balance of the federal legislation and legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, development and adoption of the regulatory legal acts reflecting contemporary status of migration processes in reforming Russia, and taking into account external and internal diversity of migrants. The study has indicated that the migration sphere in the Russian Federation is regulated by several hundred of international and national regulatory legal acts of different juridical force, which solve different aspects of the problem but can not regulate the existing situation in its complexity in the framework of interests of the participants of the state migration policy. The need for codification of the Russian migration legislation is argued in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses premigratory disposition among high school graduates in Zagreb, Split, Rijeka, and Osijek based on results of empirical research carried out in 2014. A representative sample of 1,830 students (844 male and 986 female) was made by using a probabilistic two-step cluster sampling model, stratified by the type of school and the city where the school is located. The data were processed using the statistical analytical program SPSS 20. The average age of respondents was 18.85, 54.6% attended vocational schools and 45.4% attended gymnasia. The research showed that almost half of the students intended to leave Croatia to continue their education or seek employment. A statistically significant difference was determined according to gender, type of school attended, and city of residence. Furthermore, a correlation between socioeconomic status, family completeness, and religiosity, among students with a lower premigratory disposition, was also determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern scientists consider migration to be a tool that makes it possible to redistribute human capital, which is currently the most important resource. At that, of special interest are the peripheral regions of the country, including those with the cross-border status, where the influence of migration processes on the structure of population is most noticeable. The Pskov Oblast is currently the leader in Russia in terms of depopulation. Natural decline in the region’s population is only partially compensated by migration. In this regard, the role of migration in the solution of demographic issues of regional development is becoming more and more important. The article presents the analysis of migration processes in the Pskov Oblast in the post-Soviet period; the analysis is based on the processing of statistical data. The author attempts to explain the main trends in migration processes in the framework of the Pskov Oblast for the last 20 years. Informational base of the research is formed by the materials of Pskovstat. The research findings can be used in the drafting and adjustment of a concept for demographic development of the region

Background: Prior to the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), demographic surveillance cohort studies showed higher mortality among migrants than residents in many rural areas. Objectives: This study quantifies the overall and AIDS-specific mortality between migrants and residents prior to ART, during ART scale-up, and after widespread availability of ART in Rufiji district in Tanzania. Design: In Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), the follow-up of individuals aged 15–59 years was categorized into three periods: before ART (1998–2003), during ART scale-up (2004–2007), and after widespread availability of ART (2008–2011). Residents were those who never migrated within and beyond HDSS, internal migrants were those who moved within the HDSS, and external migrants were those who moved into the HDSS from outside. Mortality rates were estimated from deaths and person-years of observations calculated in each time period. Hazard ratios were estimated to compare mortality between migrants and residents. AIDS deaths were identified from verbal autopsy, and the odds ratio of dying from AIDS between migrants and residents was estimated using the multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Internal and external migrants experienced higher overall mortality than residents before the introduction of ART. After widespread availability of ART overall mortality were similar for internal and external migrants. These overall mortality experiences observed were similar for males and females. In the multivariate logistic regression model, adjusting for age, sex, education, and social economic status, internal migrants had similar likelihood of dying from AIDS as residents (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70–1.87) while external migrants were 70% more likely to die from AIDS compared to residents prior to the introduction of ART (AOR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.06–2.73). After widespread availability of ART with the same adjustment factors, the odds of dying from AIDS were similar for internal migrants and residents (AOR=1.56, 95% CI: 0.80–3.04) and external migrants and residents (AOR=1.42, 95% CI: 0.76–2.66). Conclusions: Availability of ART has reduced the number of HIV-infected migrants who would otherwise return home to die. This has reduced the burden on rural communities who had cared for the return external migrants.