214 results on '"Eakin, C. Mark"'
Search Results
2. Underlying drivers of coral reef vulnerability to bleaching in the Mesoamerican Reef
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Muñiz-Castillo, Aarón Israel, Rivera-Sosa, Andrea, McField, Melanie, Chollett, Iliana, Eakin, C. Mark, Enríquez, Susana, Giró, Ana, Drysdale, Ian, Rueda, Marisol, Soto, Mélina, Craig, Nicole, and Arias-González, Jesús Ernesto
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- 2024
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3. Multi‐Factor Coral Disease Risk: A new product for early warning and management
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Caldwell, Jamie M., primary, Liu, Gang, additional, Geiger, Erick, additional, Heron, Scott F., additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, De La Cour, Jacqueline, additional, Greene, Austin, additional, Raymundo, Laurie, additional, Dryden, Jen, additional, Schlaff, Audrey, additional, Stella, Jessica S., additional, Kindinger, Tye L., additional, Couch, Courtney S., additional, Fenner, Douglas, additional, Hoot, Whitney, additional, Manzello, Derek, additional, and Donahue, Megan J., additional
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- 2024
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4. Multi-Factor Coral Disease Risk Forecasting for Early Warning and Management
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Caldwell, Jamie M, primary, Liu, Gang, additional, Geiger, Erick, additional, Heron, Scott F, additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, De La Cour, Jacqueline, additional, Greene, Austin, additional, Raymundo, Laurie, additional, Dryden, Jen, additional, Schlaff, Audrey, additional, Stella, Jessica S, additional, Kindinger, Tye L, additional, Couch, Courtney S, additional, Fenner, Douglas, additional, Hoot, Whitney, additional, Manzello, Derek, additional, and Donahue, Megan J, additional
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- 2023
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5. The 2014–2017 global-scale coral bleaching event: insights and impacts
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Eakin, C. Mark, Sweatman, Hugh P. A., and Brainard, Russel E.
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- 2019
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6. Ecological memory modifies the cumulative impact of recurrent climate extremes
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Hughes, Terry P., Kerry, James T., Connolly, Sean R., Baird, Andrew H., Eakin, C. Mark, Heron, Scott F., Hoey, Andrew S., Hoogenboom, Mia O., Jacobson, Mizue, Liu, Gang, Pratchett, Morgan S., Skirving, William, and Torda, Gergely
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- 2019
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7. Long-Term Aridity Changes in the Western United States
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Cook, Edward R., Woodhouse, Connie A., Eakin, C. Mark, Meko, David M., and Stahle, David W.
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- 2004
8. Managing living marine resources in a dynamic environment: The role of seasonal to decadal climate forecasts
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Tommasi, Desiree, Stock, Charles A., Hobday, Alistair J., Methot, Rick, Kaplan, Isaac C., Eveson, J. Paige, Holsman, Kirstin, Miller, Timothy J., Gaichas, Sarah, Gehlen, Marion, Pershing, Andrew, Vecchi, Gabriel A., Msadek, Rym, Delworth, Tom, Eakin, C. Mark, Haltuch, Melissa A., Séférian, Roland, Spillman, Claire M., Hartog, Jason R., Siedlecki, Samantha, Samhouri, Jameal F., Muhling, Barbara, Asch, Rebecca G., Pinsky, Malin L., Saba, Vincent S., Kapnick, Sarah B., Gaitan, Carlos F., Rykaczewski, Ryan R., Alexander, Michael A., Xue, Yan, Pegion, Kathleen V., Lynch, Patrick, Payne, Mark R., Kristiansen, Trond, Lehodey, Patrick, and Werner, Francisco E.
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- 2017
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9. Global warming transforms coral reef assemblages
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Hughes, Terry P., Kerry, James T., Baird, Andrew H., Connolly, Sean R., Dietzel, Andreas, Eakin, C. Mark, and Heron, Scott F.
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Global warming -- Environmental aspects ,Coral reefs -- Environmental aspects ,Mortality ,Corals ,Reefs ,Global temperature changes ,Ecosystems ,Coral reef ecosystems ,Air pollution ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Global warming is rapidly emerging as a universal threat to ecological integrity and function, highlighting the urgent need for a better understanding of the impact of heat exposure on the resilience of ecosystems and the people who depend on them.sup.1. Here we show that in the aftermath of the record-breaking marine heatwave on the Great Barrier Reef in 2016.sup.2, corals began to die immediately on reefs where the accumulated heat exposure exceeded a critical threshold of degree heating weeks, which was 3-4 °C-weeks. After eight months, an exposure of 6 °C-weeks or more drove an unprecedented, regional-scale shift in the composition of coral assemblages, reflecting markedly divergent responses to heat stress by different taxa. Fast-growing staghorn and tabular corals suffered a catastrophic die-off, transforming the three-dimensionality and ecological functioning of 29% of the 3,863 reefs comprising the world's largest coral reef system. Our study bridges the gap between the theory and practice of assessing the risk of ecosystem collapse, under the emerging framework for the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Ecosystems.sup.3, by rigorously defining both the initial and collapsed states, identifying the major driver of change, and establishing quantitative collapse thresholds. The increasing prevalence of post-bleaching mass mortality of corals represents a radical shift in the disturbance regimes of tropical reefs, both adding to and far exceeding the influence of recurrent cyclones and other local pulse events, presenting a fundamental challenge to the long-term future of these iconic ecosystems.Acute heat stress from the extended marine heatwave of 2016 is a potent driver of the transformation of coral assemblages, which affects even the most remote and well-protected reefs of the Great Barrier Reef., Author(s): Terry P. Hughes [sup.1] , James T. Kerry [sup.1] , Andrew H. Baird [sup.1] , Sean R. Connolly [sup.1] [sup.2] , Andreas Dietzel [sup.1] , C. Mark Eakin [sup.3] [...]
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- 2018
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10. Climate change disables coral bleaching protection on the Great Barrier Reef
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Ainsworth, Tracy D., Heron, Scott F., Ortiz, Juan Carlos, Mumby, Peter J., Grech, Alana, Ogawa, Daisie, Eakin, C. Mark, and Leggat, William
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- 2016
11. Improving marine disease surveillance through sea temperature monitoring, outlooks and projections
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Maynard, Jeffrey, van Hooidonk, Ruben, Harvell, C. Drew, Eakin, C. Mark, Liu, Gang, Willis, Bette L., Williams, Gareth J., Groner, Maya L., Dobson, Andrew, Heron, Scott F., Glenn, Robert, Reardon, Kathleen, and Shields, Jeffrey D.
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- 2016
12. The Rarity of Depth Refugia from Coral Bleaching Heat Stress in the Western and Central Pacific Islands
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Venegas, Roberto M., Oliver, Thomas, Liu, Gang, Heron, Scott F., Clark, S. Jeanette, Pomeroy, Noah, Young, Charles, Eakin, C. Mark, and Brainard, Russell E.
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- 2019
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13. Three decades of heat stress exposure in Caribbean coral reefs: a new regional delineation to enhance conservation
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Muñiz-Castillo, Aarón Israel, Rivera-Sosa, Andrea, Chollett, Iliana, Eakin, C. Mark, Andrade-Gómez, Luisa, McField, Melanie, and Arias-González, Jesús Ernesto
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- 2019
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14. Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals
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Hughes, Terry P., Kerry, James T., lvarez-Noriega, Mariana, lvarez-Romero, Jorge G., Anderson, Kristen D., Baird, Andrew H., Babcock, Russell C., Beger, Maria, Bellwood, David R., Berkelmans, Ray, Bridge, Tom C., Butler, Ian R., Byrne, Maria, Cantin, Neal E., Comeau, Steeve, Connolly, Sean R., Cumming, Graeme S., Dalton, Steven J., Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo, Eakin, C. Mark, Figueira, Will F., Gilmour, James P., Harrison, Hugo B., Heron, Scott F., Hoey, Andrew S., Hobbs, Jean-Paul A., Hoogenboom, Mia O., Kennedy, Emma V., Kuo, Chao-yang, Lough, Janice M., Lowe, Ryan J., Liu, Gang, McCulloch, Malcolm T., Malcolm, Hamish A., McWilliam, Michael J., Pandolfi, John M., Pears, Rachel J., Pratchett, Morgan S., Schoepf, Verena, Simpson, Tristan, Skirving, William J., Sommer, Brigitte, Torda, Gergely, Wachenfeld, David R., Willis, Bette L., and Wilson, Shaun K.
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Global warming -- Surveys -- Environmental aspects ,Coral reefs -- Environmental aspects ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
During 20152016, record temperatures triggered a pan-tropical episode of coral bleaching, the third global-scale event since mass bleaching was first documented in the 1980s. Here we examine how and why the severity of recurrent major bleaching events has varied at multiple scales, using aerial and underwater surveys of Australian reefs combined with satellite-derived sea surface temperatures. The distinctive geographic footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002 and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each year. Water quality and fishing pressure had minimal effect on the unprecedented bleaching in 2016, suggesting that local protection of reefs affords little or no resistance to extreme heat. Similarly, past exposure to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of bleaching in 2016. Consequently, immediate global action to curb future warming is essential to secure a future for coral reefs., Author(s): Terry P. Hughes (corresponding author) [1]; James T. Kerry [1]; Mariana lvarez-Noriega [1, 2]; Jorge G. lvarez-Romero [1]; Kristen D. Anderson [1]; Andrew H. Baird [1]; Russell C. Babcock [...]
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- 2017
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15. Endangered Species Act listing: three case studies of data deficiencies and consequences of ESA ‘threatened’ listing on research output
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Weijerman, Mariska, Birkeland, Charles, Piniak, Gregory A, Miller, Margaret W, Eakin, C Mark, McElhany, Paul, Dunlap, Matthew J, Patterson, Matt, and Brainard, Russell E
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- 2014
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16. Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene
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Hughes, Terry P., Anderson, Kristen D., Connolly, Sean R., Heron, Scott F., Kerry, James T., Lough, Janice M., Baird, Andrew H., Baum, Julia K., Berumen, Michael L., Bridge, Tom C., Claar, Danielle C., Eakin, C. Mark, Gilmour, James P., Graham, Nicholas A. J., Harrison, Hugo, Hobbs, Jean-Paul A., Hoey, Andrew S., Hoogenboom, Mia, Lowe, Ryan J., McCulloch, Malcolm T., Pandolfi, John M., Pratchett, Morgan, Schoepf, Verena, Torda, Gergely, and Wilson, Shaun K.
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- 2018
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17. Lamarck was partially right– and that is good for corals: Tabletop corals can adapt to changing temperature conditions on shorter time scales than previously thought
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Eakin, C. Mark
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- 2014
18. Global coral bleaching event detection from satellite monitoring of extreme heat stress
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Little, Christine M., primary, Liu, Gang, additional, De La Cour, Jacqueline L., additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, Manzello, Derek, additional, and Heron, Scott F., additional
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- 2022
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19. Incorporating Climate and Ocean Change into Extinction Risk Assessments for 82 Coral Species
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BRAINARD, RUSSELL E., WEIJERMAN, MARISKA, EAKIN, C. MARK, MCELHANY, PAUL, MILLER, MARGARET W., PATTERSON, MATT, PINIAK, GREGORY A., DUNLAP, MATTHEW J., and BIRKELAND, CHARLES
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- 2013
20. The 2014-17 Global Coral Bleaching Event: The Most Severe and Widespread Coral Reef Destruction
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Eakin, C. Mark, primary, Devotta, Denise, additional, Heron, Scott, additional, Connolly, Sean, additional, Liu, Gang, additional, Geiger, Erick, additional, Cour, Jacqueline De La, additional, Gomez, Andrea, additional, Skirving, William, additional, Baird, Andrew, additional, Cantin, Neal, additional, Couch, Courtney, additional, Donner, Simon, additional, Gilmour, James, additional, Gonzalez-Rivero, Manuel, additional, Gudka, Mishal, additional, Harrison, Hugo, additional, Hodgson, Gregor, additional, Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove, additional, Hoey, Andrew, additional, Hoogenboom, Mia, additional, Hughes, Terry, additional, Johnson, Meaghan, additional, Kerry, James, additional, Mihaly, Jennifer, additional, Muñiz-Castillo, Aarón, additional, Obura, David, additional, Pratchett, Morgan, additional, Rivera-Sosa, Andrea, additional, Ross, Claire, additional, Stein, Jennifer, additional, Thompson, Angus, additional, Torda, Gergely, additional, Viehman, T. Shay, additional, Walter, Cory, additional, Wilson, Shaun, additional, Marsh, Benjamin, additional, Spady, Blake, additional, Dyer, Noel, additional, Adam, Thomas, additional, Alidoostsalimi, Mahsa, additional, Alidoostsalimi, Parisa, additional, Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo, additional, Álvarez-Noriega, Mariana, additional, Bahr, Keisha, additional, Barnes, Peter, additional, Sandoval, José Barraza, additional, Baum, Julia, additional, Bauman, Andrew, additional, Beger, Maria, additional, Berry, Kathryn, additional, Bessell-Browne, Pia, additional, Bigot, Lionel, additional, Bonito, Victor, additional, Brodnicke, Ole, additional, Burdick, David, additional, Burkepile, Deron, additional, Burt, April, additional, Burt, John, additional, Butler, Ian, additional, Caldwell, Jamie, additional, Chancerelle, Yannick, additional, Chen, Chaolun Allen, additional, Cherh, Kah-Leng, additional, Childress, Michael, additional, Coken, Darren, additional, Coward, Georgia, additional, Crabbe, M. James, additional, Dallison, Thomas, additional, Dalton, Steve, additional, DeCarlo, Thomas, additional, Drury, Crawford, additional, Drysdale, Ian, additional, Edwards, Clinton, additional, Eggertsen, Linda, additional, Elma, Eylem, additional, Ennis, Rosmin, additional, Evans, Richard, additional, Eyal, Gal, additional, Fenner, Douglas, additional, Figueroa-Zavala, Baruch, additional, Fisch, Jay, additional, Fox, Michael, additional, Gadoutsis, Elena, additional, Gilbert, Antoine, additional, Halford, Andrew, additional, Heintz, Tom, additional, Hewlett, James, additional, Hobbs, Jean-Paul A., additional, Hoot, Whitney, additional, Houk, Peter, additional, Johnston, Lyza, additional, Johnston, Michelle, additional, Kayanne, Hajime, additional, Kennedy, Emma, additional, Kikuchi, Ruy, additional, Kloiber, Ulrike, additional, Koike, Haruko, additional, Kramer, Lindsey, additional, Kuo, Chao-Yang, additional, Lang, Judy, additional, Leadbeater, Abigail, additional, Leão, Zelinda, additional, Lee, Jen, additional, Lewis, Cynthia, additional, Lirman, Diego, additional, Longo, Guilherme, additional, MacDonald, Chancey, additional, Mangubhai, Sangeeta , additional, Silva, Isabel da, additional, Mason-Parker, Christophe, additional, McDonough, Vanessa, additional, McField, Melanie, additional, Mello, Thayná, additional, Agathe, Celine Miternique -, additional, Moldzio, Stephan, additional, Monroe, Alison, additional, Montefalcone, Monica, additional, Moses, Kevin, additional, Mostafavi, Pargol Ghavam, additional, Moura, Rodrigo, additional, Munasinghe, Chathurika, additional, Nakamura, Takashi, additional, Nicet, Jean-Benoit, additional, Nuttall, Marissa, additional, Oliveira, Marilia, additional, Oxenford, Hazel, additional, Pandolfi, John, additional, Patankar, Vardhan, additional, Perez, Denise, additional, Perera, Nishan, additional, Prabuning, Derta, additional, Precht, William, additional, Raj, K. Diraviya, additional, Reimer, James, additional, Richardson, Laura, additional, Rotjan, Randi, additional, Ryan, Nicole, additional, Salm, Rod, additional, Sandin, Stuart, additional, Schopmeyer, Stephanie, additional, Shokri, Mohammad, additional, Smith, Jennifer, additional, Smith, Kylie, additional, Smith, S. R., additional, Smith, Tyler, additional, Sommer, Brigitte, additional, Soto, Melina, additional, Sykes, Helen, additional, Tagarino, Kelley, additional, Teoh, Marianne, additional, Thai, Minh, additional, Toh, Tai, additional, Tredinnick, Alex, additional, Tso, Alex, additional, Tyley, Harriet, additional, Ussi, Ali, additional, Vaterlaus, Christian, additional, Vermeij, Mark, additional, Vo, Si Tuan, additional, Voolstra, Christian, additional, Wee, Hin Boo, additional, Weiler, Bradley, additional, Yahya, Saleh, additional, Yeemin, Thamasak, additional, Ziegler, Maren, additional, Kimura, Tadashi, additional, and Manzello, Derek, additional
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- 2022
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21. Monitoring Coral Reefs from Space
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EAKIN, C. MARK, NIM, CARL J., BRAINARD, RUSSELL E., AUBRECHT, CHRISTOPH, ELVIDGE, CHRIS, GLEDHILL, DWIGHT K., MULLER-KARGER, FRANK, MUMBY, PETER J., SKIRVING, WILLIAM J., STRONG, ALAN E., WANG, MENGHUA, WEEKS, SCARLA, WENTZ, FRANK, and ZISKIN, DANIEL
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- 2010
22. OBSERVING OCEAN ACIDIFICATION FROM SPACE
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GLEDHILL, DWIGHT K., WANNINKHOF, RIK, and EAKIN, C. MARK
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- 2009
23. A Classroom Activity Using Satellite Sea Surface Temperatures to Predict Coral Bleaching
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PARKER, BRITT-ANNE, CHRISTENSEN, TYLER R. L., HERON, SCOTT F., MORGAN, JESSICA A., and EAKIN, C. MARK
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- 2009
24. Poorly Cemented Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Possible Insights into Reef Development in a High-CO₂ World
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Manzello, Derek P., Kleypas, Joan A., Budd, David A., Eakin, C. Mark, Glynn, Peter W., and Langdon, Chris
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- 2008
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25. A National Status Report on United States Coral Reefs Based on 2012–2018 Data From National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Coral Reef Monitoring Program
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Towle, Erica K., primary, Donovan, E. Caroline, additional, Kelsey, Heath, additional, Allen, Mary E., additional, Barkley, Hannah, additional, Blondeau, Jeremiah, additional, Brainard, Russell E., additional, Carew, Annie, additional, Couch, Courtney S., additional, Dillard, Maria K., additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, Edwards, Kimberly, additional, Edwards, Peter E. T., additional, Enochs, Ian C., additional, Fleming, Chloe S., additional, Fries, Alexandra S., additional, Geiger, Erick F., additional, Grove, Laura Jay, additional, Groves, Sarah H., additional, Gorstein, Matthew, additional, Heenan, Adel, additional, Johnson, Matthew W., additional, Kimball, Justine, additional, Koss, Jennifer L., additional, Kindinger, Tye, additional, Levine, Arielle, additional, Manzello, Derek P., additional, Miller, Nathan, additional, Oliver, Thomas, additional, Samson, Jennifer C., additional, Swanson, Dione, additional, Vargas-Ángel, Bernardo, additional, Viehman, T. Shay, additional, and Williams, Ivor D., additional
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- 2022
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26. Emergent properties in the responses of tropical corals to recurrent climate extremes
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Hughes, Terry P., primary, Kerry, James T., additional, Connolly, Sean R., additional, Álvarez-Romero, Jorge G., additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, Heron, Scott F., additional, Gonzalez, Migdonio A., additional, and Moneghetti, Joanne, additional
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- 2021
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27. Rebuilding relationships on coral reefs: Coral bleaching knowledge‐sharing to aid adaptation planning for reef users
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Ainsworth, Tracy D., primary, Leggat, William, additional, Silliman, Brian R., additional, Lantz, Coulson A., additional, Bergman, Jessica L., additional, Fordyce, Alexander J., additional, Page, Charlotte E., additional, Renzi, Juliana J., additional, Morton, Joseph, additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, and Heron, Scott F., additional
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- 2021
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28. Optimal Spatiotemporal Scales to Aggregate Satellite Ocean Color Data for Nearshore Reefs and Tropical Coastal Waters: Two Case Studies
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Geiger, Erick F., primary, Heron, Scott F., additional, Hernández, William J., additional, Caldwell, Jamie M., additional, Falinski, Kim, additional, Callender, Tova, additional, Greene, Austin L., additional, Liu, Gang, additional, De La Cour, Jacqueline L., additional, Armstrong, Roy A., additional, Donahue, Megan J., additional, and Eakin, C. Mark, additional
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- 2021
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29. A review of modern coral [delta][sup.18]O and [DELTA][sup.14]C proxy records
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Grottoli, Andrea G. and Eakin, C. Mark
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Corals -- Research ,Ocean temperature -- Measurement ,Salinity -- Measurement ,Earth sciences - Abstract
This paper is a review of published modern coral [delta][sup.18]O and [DELTA][sup.14]C isotopic records that are at least 30 and 20 years long, respectively. The data are presented to show basin-scale trends in both of these proxy records on decadal-to-centennial timescales. The goal was to qualitatively integrate the general inter-annual-to-centennial timescale variability revealed in these data, as well as the statistical and modeling output results that have been produced using these coral records. While many review papers typically include a representative subset of the data available, this review aims to include as much of the available data as possible. In general, coral [delta][sup.18]O records show a long-term warming and/or freshening throughout the tropical oceans, and agree with the NOAA Extended Reconstruction Sea Surface Temperature 2 (ERSST) on decadal timescales. In the western Pacific, it is most likely a freshening of the seawater [delta][sup.18]O that dominates the signal. El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability dominates most [delta][sup.18]O records either by varying local seawater temperature or salinity, depending on the regional oceanography/climatology. Outside of the Pacific, ENSO affects seawater temperature and salinity via atmospheric or oceanic teleconnections. Post-bomb coral [DELTA][sup.14]C records collectively show that the uptake of [sup.14]C has been greatest in gyrewater fed sites, followed in descending order by western boundary current areas, equatorial upwelling regions, and eastern tropical Pacific upwelling sites. These surface water [DELTA][sup.14]C values indicate the proportion of surface water and/or the residence time of water at the surface at a given location, and can be used to model water mass mixing rates. Such models have only begun to be run and show that the amount of eastern Pacific water entering the central South Pacific inereases during El Ninos and that the Indonesian throughflow is supplied year-round by the North Pacific. Comparing ocean circulation models with coral [DELTA][sup.14]C-modelled circulation enables researchers to explore the mechanisms that drive seawater [DELTA][sup.14]C variability and fine-tune their models. In addition, our comparison between the rate of coral [DELTA][sup.14]C inerease between 1960 and 1970 and total anthropogenic C[O.sub.2] uptake rates show general agreement, demonstrating the value of coral records in understanding past carbon fluxes. Overall, coral [delta][sup.18]O and [DELTA][sup.14]C proxy records represent natural archives of seawater conditions and are critical for studying the natural variability in local and regional patterns within, and teleconnection patterns between, the tropics, extra-tropics, temperate, and Polar Regions on intra-annual-to-centennial timescales. Keywords: coral; isotope; O-18; C-14; sea surface temperature; paleoceanography
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- 2007
30. A review of modern coral δ18O and Δ14C proxy records
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Grottoli, Andréa G. and Eakin, C. Mark
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- 2007
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31. CoralTemp and the Coral Reef Watch Coral Bleaching Heat Stress Product Suite Version 3.1
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Skirving, William, primary, Marsh, Benjamin, additional, De La Cour, Jacqueline, additional, Liu, Gang, additional, Harris, Andy, additional, Maturi, Eileen, additional, Geiger, Erick, additional, and Eakin, C. Mark, additional
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- 2020
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32. Quantifying the Effects of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on Coastal Water Quality in Puerto Rico using Moderate Resolution Satellite Sensors
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Hernández, William J., primary, Ortiz-Rosa, Suhey, additional, Armstrong, Roy A., additional, Geiger, Erick F., additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, and Warner, Robert A., additional
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- 2020
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33. Making sure that the world's palaeodata do not get buried
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Alverson, Keith and Eakin, C. Mark
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- 2001
34. State of the climate in 2017
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Abernethy, R., Ackerman, Steven A., Adler, R., Albanil Encarnación, Adelina, Aldeco, Laura S., Alfaro, Eric J., Aliaga-Nestares, Vannia, Allan, Richard P., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Anderson, John, Andreassen, L. M., Argüez, Anthony, Armitage, C., Arndt, Derek S., Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, César, Báez, Julián, Bardin, M. Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Baxter, Stephen, Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bedka, Kristopher M., Behe, Carolina, Bell, Gerald D., Bellouin, Nicolas, Belmont, M., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, G. H., Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U. S., Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke, J., Blake, Eric S., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bolmgren, K., Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bouchon, Marilú, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Buehler, S., Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Ethan C., Campbell, Jayaka D., Cappelen, J., Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R., Castro, Anabel, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, E. S., Clem, Kyle R., Coelho, Caio A.S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R., Copland, L., Costanza, Carol, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Cronin, T., Crouch, Jake, Cruzado, Luis, Daniel, Raychelle, Davis, Sean M., Davletshin, S. G., De Eyto, Elvira, De Jeu, Richard A.M., De La Cour, Jacqueline L., De Laat, Jos, De Gasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Deline, P., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Dewitte, Boris, Dhurmea, R., Di Girolamo, Larry, Diamond, Howard J., Dickerson, C., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dokulil, Martin T., Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Domingues, Ricardo, Donat, Markus G., Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Eakin, C. Mark, El Kharrim, M., Elkins, James W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, Jhan C., Famiglietti, James S., Farmer, J., Farrell, S., Fauchald, P., Fausto, R. S., Feely, Richard A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, X., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris, Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Francis, S. D., Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Ganter, Catherine, Geiger, Erick F., Gerland, S., Gilson, John, Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Gomez, Andrea M., Goni, Gustavo, Grooß, Jens Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Guard, Charles P., Gugliemin, Mario, Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, Dimitri, Haas, C., Hagos, S., Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leo, Hall, Brad D., Halpert, Michael S., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, L., Harris, Ian, Hartfield, Gail, Heidinger, Andrew K., Heim, Richard R., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Hendricks, S., Hernández, Rafael, Hernández, Sosa Marieta, Heron, Scott F., Heuzé, C., Hidalgo, Hugo G., Ho, Shu Peng, Hobbs, William R., Horstkotte, T., Huang, Boyin, Hubert, Daan, Hueuzé, Céline, Hurst, Dale F., Ialongo, Iolanda, Ibrahim, M. M., Ijampy, J. A., Inness, Antje, Isaac, Victor, Isaksen, K., Ishii, Masayoshi, Jacobs, Stephanie J., Jeffries, Martin O., Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Jiménez, C., Jin, Xiangze, John, Viju, Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, J. W., Karaköylü, Erdem M., Kato, Seiji, Kazemi, A., Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, M. S., Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Killick, Rachel, Kim, Hyungjun, Kim, S. J., Klotzbach, Philip J., Knaff, John A., Kohler, J., Korhonen, Johanna, Korshunova, Natalia N., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, D. P., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Krumpen, T., Ladd, C., Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lander, Mark A., Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, S. E., Lee, T. C., Leuliette, Eric, L'Heureux, Michelle, Li, Tim, Lieser, Jan L., Lin, I. I., Mears, Carl A., Liu, Gang, Li, Bailing, Liu, Hongxing, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., López, Luis A., Lorrey, Andrew M., Loyola, Diego, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing Jia, Luojus, K., Luthcke, S., Macias-Fauria, M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, Gloria L., Marcellin, Vernie, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, José A., Marín, Dora, Marra, John J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., Martin, A., Martínez, Alejandra G., Martínez-Güingla, Rodney, Martínez-Sánchez, Odalys, Marsh, Benjamin L., Lyman, John M., Massom, Robert A., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew, McBride, Charlotte, McCabe, M. F., McCarthy, Mark, Meier, W., Meijers, Andrew J.S., Mekonnen, Ademe, Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Meredith, Michael P., Merrifield, Mark A., Miller, Ben, Miralles, Diego G., Mitchum, Gary T., Mitro, Sukarni, Moat, Ben, Mochizuki, Y., Monselesan, Didier, Montzka, Stephen A., Mora, Natalie, Morice, Colin, Mosquera-Vásquez, Kobi, Mostafa, Awatif E., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Müller, Rolf, Myneni, R., Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newman, L., Newman, Paul A., Nielsen-Gammon, John W., Nieto, Juan José, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben E., O'Neel, S., Osborn, Tim J., Osborne, Emily, Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Park, T., Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pastor Saavedra, Maria Asuncion, Paterson, Andrew M., Paulik, Christoph, Pearce, Petra R., Peltier, Alexandre, Pelto, Mauri S., Peng, Liang, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Perovich, Don, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, C., Phillips, David, Phoenix, G., Pinty, Bernard, Pinzon, J., Po-Chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quispe, Nelson, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rakotoarimalala, C., Rayner, Darren, Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Rémy, Samuel, Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richardson, A. D., Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Ricker, R., Rimmer, Alon, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Camino, Ernesto, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Rösner, Benjamin, Roth, Chris, Roth, David Mark, Rusak, James A., Rutishäuser, T., Sallée, Jean Bapiste, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayad, T. A., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schreck, Carl J., Selkirk, H. B., Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, M., Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., Siegel, David A., Silow, Eugene, Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Skirving, William J., Smeed, David A., Smeets, C. J.P.P., Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Spence, Jacqueline M., Spillane, Sandra, Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stanitski, Diane M., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, José L., Stengel, M., Stephenson, Kimberly, Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Strong, Alan E., Sun-Mack, Sunny, Sutton, Adrienne J., Swart, Sebastiaan, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kenneth S., Tamar, Gerard, Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Thackeray, S. J., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, Philip, Thomson, L., Thorsteinsson, T., Timbal, Bertrand, Timmermans, M. L., TImofeyev, Maxim A., Tirak, Kyle V., Tobin, Skie, Togawa, H., Tømmervik, H., Tourpali, Kleareti, Trachte, Katja, Trewin, Blair C., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, M., Tucker, C. J., Tye, Mari R., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S.W., Van Der Ronald, J. A., Van Der Schalie, Robin, Van Der Schrier, Gerard, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Velden, Christopher S., Velicogna, I., Verburg, Piet, Vickers, H., Vincent, Lucie A., Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wagner, Wolfgang, Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, Bin, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Ray, Wang, Sheng Hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Webster, M., Weller, Robert A., Westberry, Toby K., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Whitewood, Robert, Widlansky, Matthew J., Wiese, David N., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Willis, Josh K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Wood, K., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Wouters, B., Xue, Yan, Yin, Xungang, Yoon, Huang, York, A., Yu, Lisan, Zambrano, Eduardo, Zhang, Huai Min, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhao, Lin, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziel, R., Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus G., Griffin, Jessicca, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Riddle, Deborah B., Slagle, Mary, Sprain, Mara, Veasey, Sara W., McVicar, Tim R., Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, LS Religiewetenschap, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Zonder bezoldiging NED, LS Taalverwerving, Leerstoel Tubergen, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hafd Faculteitsbureau GW, Afd Pharmacology, Dep IRAS, Marine and Atmospheric Research, and OFR - Religious Studies
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science - Abstract
In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-reached new record highs. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface for 2017 was 405.0 ± 0.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm greater than for 2016 and the highest in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800 000 years. The global growth rate of CO2 has nearly quadrupled since the early 1960s. With ENSO-neutral conditions present in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during most of the year and weak La Niña conditions notable at the start and end, the global temperature across land and ocean surfaces ranked as the second or third highest, depending on the dataset, since records began in the mid-to-late 1800s. Notably, it was the warmest non-El Niño year in the instrumental record. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower tropospheric temperature was also either second or third highest according to all datasets analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was about 0.2°C higher than the record cold temperature of 2016 according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, and Bulgaria, reported record high annual temperatures. Mexico broke its annual record for the fourth consecutive year. On 27 January, the temperature reached 43.4°C at Puerto Madryn, Argentina-the highest temperature recorded so far south (43°S) anywhere in the world. On 28 May in Turbat, western Pakistan, the high of 53.5°C tied Pakistan's all-time highest temperature and became the world-record highest temperature for May. In the Arctic, the 2017 land surface temperature was 1.6°C above the 1981-2010 average, the second highest since the record began in 1900, behind only 2016. The five highest annual Arctic temperatures have all occurred since 2007. Exceptionally high temperatures were observed in the permafrost across the Arctic, with record values reported in much of Alaska and northwestern Canada. In August, high sea surface temperature (SST) records were broken for the Chukchi Sea, with some regions as warm as +11°C, or 3° to 4°C warmer than the longterm mean (1982-present). According to paleoclimate studies, today's abnormally warm Arctic air and SSTs have not been observed in the last 2000 years. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 7 March, sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, covering 8% less area than the 1981-2010 average. The Arctic sea ice minimum on 13 September was the eighth lowest on record and covered 25% less area than the long-term mean. Preliminary data indicate that glaciers across the world lost mass for the 38th consecutive year on record; the declines are remarkably consistent from region to region. Cumulatively since 1980, this loss is equivalent to slicing 22 meters off the top of the average glacier. Antarctic sea ice extent remained below average for all of 2017, with record lows during the first four months. Over the continent, the austral summer seasonal melt extent and melt index were the second highest since 2005, mostly due to strong positive anomalies of air temperature over most of the West Antarctic coast. In contrast, the East Antarctic Plateau saw record low mean temperatures in March. The year was also distinguished by the second smallest Antarctic ozone hole observed since 1988. Across the global oceans, the overall long-term SST warming trend remained strong. Although SST cooled slightly from 2016 to 2017, the last three years produced the three highest annual values observed; these high anomalies have been associated with widespread coral bleaching. The most recent global coral bleaching lasted three full years, June 2014 to May 2017, and was the longest, most widespread, and almost certainly most destructive such event on record. Global integrals of 0-700-m and 0-2000-m ocean heat content reached record highs in 2017, and global mean sea level during the year became the highest annual average in the 25-year satellite altimetry record, rising to 77 mm above the 1993 average. In the tropics, 2017 saw 85 named tropical storms, slightly above the 1981-2010 average of 82. The North Atlantic basin was the only basin that featured an above-normal season, its seventh most active in the 164-year record. Three hurricanes in the basin were especially notable. Harvey produced record rainfall totals in areas of Texas and Louisiana, including a storm total of 1538.7 mm near Beaumont, Texas, which far exceeds the previous known U.S. tropical cyclone record of 1320.8 mm. Irma was the strongest tropical cyclone globally in 2017 and the strongest Atlantic hurricane outside of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean on record with maximum winds of 295 km h-1. Maria caused catastrophic destruction across the Caribbean Islands, including devastating wind damage and flooding across Puerto Rico. Elsewhere, the western North Pacific, South Indian, and Australian basins were all particularly quiet. Precipitation over global land areas in 2017 was clearly above the long-term average. Among noteworthy regional precipitation records in 2017, Russia reported its second wettest year on record (after 2013) and Norway experienced its sixth wettest year since records began in 1900. Across India, heavy rain and flood-related incidents during the monsoon season claimed around 800 lives. In August and September, above-normal precipitation triggered the most devastating floods in more than a decade in the Venezuelan states of Bolívar and Delta Amacuro. In Nigeria, heavy rain during August and September caused the Niger and Benue Rivers to overflow, bringing floods that displaced more than 100 000 people. Global fire activity was the lowest since at least 2003; however, high activity occurred in parts of North America, South America, and Europe, with an unusually long season in Spain and Portugal, which had their second and third driest years on record, respectively. Devastating fires impacted British Columbia, destroying 1.2 million hectares of timber, bush, and grassland, due in part to the region's driest summer on record. In the United States, an extreme western wildfire season burned over 4 million hectares; the total costs of $18 billion tripled the previous U.S. annual wildfire cost record set in 1991.
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- 2018
35. Refugia under threat: Mass bleaching of coral assemblages in high‐latitude eastern Australia
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Kim, Sun W., primary, Sampayo, Eugenia M., additional, Sommer, Brigitte, additional, Sims, Carrie A., additional, Gómez‐Cabrera, Maria del C., additional, Dalton, Steve J., additional, Beger, Maria, additional, Malcolm, Hamish A., additional, Ferrari, Renata, additional, Fraser, Nicola, additional, Figueira, Will F., additional, Smith, Stephen D. A., additional, Heron, Scott F., additional, Baird, Andrew H., additional, Byrne, Maria, additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, Edgar, Robert, additional, Hughes, Terry P., additional, Kyriacou, Nicole, additional, Liu, Gang, additional, Matis, Paloma A., additional, Skirving, William J., additional, and Pandolfi, John M., additional
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- 2019
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36. Rapid Coral Decay Is Associated with Marine Heatwave Mortality Events on Reefs
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Leggat, William P., primary, Camp, Emma F., additional, Suggett, David J., additional, Heron, Scott F., additional, Fordyce, Alexander J., additional, Gardner, Stephanie, additional, Deakin, Lachlan, additional, Turner, Michael, additional, Beeching, Levi J., additional, Kuzhiumparambil, Unnikrishnan, additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, and Ainsworth, Tracy D., additional
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- 2019
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37. Commentary: Reconstructing Four Centuries of Temperature-Induced Coral Bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef
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Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove, primary, Skirving, William J., additional, Lough, Janice M., additional, Liu, Chunying, additional, Mann, Michael E., additional, Donner, Simon, additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, Cantin, Neal, additional, Carilli, Jessica, additional, Heron, Scott Fraser, additional, Miller, Sonya, additional, and Dove, Sophie, additional
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- 2019
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38. State of the Climate in 2017
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Arndt, D. S., Blunden, J., Hartfield, G., Ackerman, Steven A., Adler, Robert, Alfaro, Eric J., Allan, Richard P., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Andreassen, L. M., Argueez, Anthony, Arndt, Derek S., Azorin-molina, Cesar, Baez, Julian, Bardin, M. U., Barichivich, Jonathan, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Baxter, Stephen, Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bedka, Kristopher M., Bell, Gerald D., Belmont, M., Benedetti, Angela, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U. S., Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke, J., Blake, Eric S., Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Buehler, S., Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Calderon, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Jayaka D., Cappelen, J., Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R., Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Ming-dean, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, E. -s., Clem, Kyle R., Coelho, Caio A. S., Coldewey-egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R., Copland, L., Crouch, Jake, Davis, Sean M., De Eyto, Elvira, De Jeu, Richard A. M., De Laat, Jos, Degasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Demircan, M., Derksen, C., Di Girolamo, Larry, Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dokulil, Martin T., Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Donat, Markus G., Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Dunn, Robert J. H., Dutton, Geoff S., Elkharrim, M., Elkins, James W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, Jhan C., Famiglietti, James S., Farrell, S., Fausto, R. S., Feely, Richard A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, X., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris, Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Francis, S. D., Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Ganter, Catherine, Gerland, S., Gilson, John, Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo, Grooss, J. -u., Gruber, Alexander, Guard, Charles, Gupta, S. K., Gutierrez, J. M., Haas, C., Hagos, S., Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leo, Hall, Brad D., Halpert, Michael S., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hanna, E., Hanssen-bauer, I, Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Heim, Richard R., Jr., Hendricks, S., Hernandez, Marieta, Hernandez, Rafael, Hidalgo, Hugo G., Ho, Shu-peng, Hobbs, William R., Huang, Boyin, Hurst, Dale F., Ialongo, I., Ijampy, J. A., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Jimenez, C., Jin Xiangze, John, Viju, Johns, William E., Johnsen, B., Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, J. W., Kato, Seiji, Kazemi, A., Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John, Kerr, Kenneth, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Killick, Rachel, Kim, Hyungjun, Kim, S. -j., Klotzbach, Philip J., Knaff, John A., Kohler, J., Korhonen, Johanna, Korshunova, Natalia N., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, D. P., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Krumpen, T., Lakatos, M., Lakkala, K., Lander, Mark A., Landschuetzer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Lazzara, Matthew A., Leuliette, Eric, L'Heureux, Michelle, Lieser, Jan L., Lin, I-i, Liu, Hongxing, Liu, Yinghui, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Loyola, Diego, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing-jia, Luojus, K., Lyman, John M., Macias-fauria, M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, G., Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, Jose A., Marra, John J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., Martinez-gueingla, Rodney, Massom, Robert A., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew, Mcbride, Charlotte, Mccabe, M. F., Mccarthy, M., Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Meier, W., Mekonnen, A., Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Meredith, Michael P., Merrifield, Mark A., Miralles, Diego G., Mitchum, Gary T., Mitro, Srkani, Monselesan, Didier, Montzka, Stephen A., Mora, Natalie, Morice, Colin, Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Muehle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Mueller, R., Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newman, Louise, Newman, Paul A., Nieto, Juan Jose, Noetzli, Jeannette, O'Neel, S., Osborn, Tim J., Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Park, E-hyung, Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-ramirez, Reynaldo, Paterson, Andrew M., Pearce, Petra R., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Perovich, D., Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, C., Phillips, David, Phoenix, G., Pinty, Bernard, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rayner, Darren, Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Remy, Samuel, Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richter-menge, J., Rimmer, Alon, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rusak, James A., Sallee, Jean-bapiste, Sanchez-lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schreck, Carl J., Iii, Schuur, Ted, Selkirk, H. B., Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, M., Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., Siegel, David A., Signorini, Sergio R., Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Smeed, David A., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B., Spence, Jaqueline M., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, Jose L., Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Sun-mack, Sunny, Swart, Sebastiaan, Sweet, William, Tamar, Gerard, Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, L., Thompson, Philip R., Timmermans, M. -l., Tobin, Skie, Trachte, Katja, Trewin, Blair C., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, M., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S. W., Van Der Schalie, Robin, Van Der Schrier, Gerard, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Velicogna, I., Verburg, Piet, Vincent, Lucie A., Voemel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wagner, Wolfgang, Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, Bin, Wang, Chunzai, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Sheng-hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Weller, Robert A., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Whitewood, Robert, Wiese, David N., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Willis, Josh K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Wouters, B., Xue, Yan, Yin, Xungang, Yu, Lisan, Zambrano, Eduardo, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhao, Lin, Ziemke, Jerry R., Abernethy, R., Albanil, Encarnacion Adelina, Aldeco, Laura S., Aliaga-nestares, Vannia, Anderson, John, Armitage, C., Avalos, Grinia, Behe, Carolina, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bernhard, G. H., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bolmgren, K., Bouchon, Marilu, Campbell, Ethan C., Castro, Anabel, Costanza, Carol, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Cronin, T., Cruzado, Luis, Daniel, Raychelle, Davletshin, S. G., De La Cour, Jacqueline L., Deline, P., Dewitte, Boris, Dhurmea, R., Dickerson, C., Domingues, Ricardo, Durre, Imke, Eakin, C. Mark, Farmer, J., Fauchald, P., Geiger, Erick F., Gomez, Andrea M., Gugliemin, Mario, Hansen, K., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Heron, Scott F., Heuze, C., Horstkotte, T., Hubert, Daan, Hueuze, Celine, Ibrahim, M. M., Isaac, Victor, Jacobs, Stephanie J., Jeffries, Martin O., Karakoylu, Erdem M., Khan, M. S., Ladd, C., Lavado-casimiro, Waldo, Lee, S. -e, Lee, T. C., Li, Bailing, Li, Tim, Lopez, Luis A., Luthcke, S., Marcellin, Vernie, Marin, Dora, Marsh, Benjamin L., Martin, A, Martinez, Alejandra G., Martinez-sanchez, Odalys, Meijers, Andrew J. S., Miller, Ben, Moat, Ben, Mochizuki, Y., Mosquera-vasquez, Kobi, Mostafa, Awatif E., Nielsen-gammon, John W., Noll, Ben E., Osborne, Emily, Pastor, Saavedra Maria Asuncion, Paulik, Christoph, Peltier, Alexandre, Pinzon, J., Po-chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quispe, Nelson, Rakotoarimalala, C., Richardson, A. D., Ricker, R, Rodriguez, Camino Ernesto, Rosner, Benjamin, Roth, David Mark, Rutishauser, T., Sasgen, L., Sayad, T. A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Silow, Eugene, Skirving, William J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Spillane, Sandra, Stanitski, Diane M., Stengel, M., Stephenson, Kimberly, Strong, Alan E., Sutton, Adrienne J., Takahashi, Kenneth S., Thackeray, S. 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Steven, Newman, Louise, Newman, Paul A., Nieto, Juan Jose, Noetzli, Jeannette, O'Neel, S., Osborn, Tim J., Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Park, E-hyung, Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-ramirez, Reynaldo, Paterson, Andrew M., Pearce, Petra R., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Perovich, D., Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, C., Phillips, David, Phoenix, G., Pinty, Bernard, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rayner, Darren, Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Remy, Samuel, Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richter-menge, J., Rimmer, Alon, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rusak, James A., Sallee, Jean-bapiste, Sanchez-lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schreck, Carl J., Iii, Schuur, Ted, Selkirk, H. B., Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, M., Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., Siegel, David A., Signorini, Sergio R., Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Smeed, David A., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B., Spence, Jaqueline M., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, Jose L., Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Sun-mack, Sunny, Swart, Sebastiaan, Sweet, William, Tamar, Gerard, Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, L., Thompson, Philip R., Timmermans, M. -l., Tobin, Skie, Trachte, Katja, Trewin, Blair C., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, M., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S. W., Van Der Schalie, Robin, Van Der Schrier, Gerard, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Velicogna, I., Verburg, Piet, Vincent, Lucie A., Voemel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wagner, Wolfgang, Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, Bin, Wang, Chunzai, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Sheng-hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Weller, Robert A., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Whitewood, Robert, Wiese, David N., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Willis, Josh K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Wouters, B., Xue, Yan, Yin, Xungang, Yu, Lisan, Zambrano, Eduardo, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhao, Lin, Ziemke, Jerry R., Abernethy, R., Albanil, Encarnacion Adelina, Aldeco, Laura S., Aliaga-nestares, Vannia, Anderson, John, Armitage, C., Avalos, Grinia, Behe, Carolina, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bernhard, G. H., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bolmgren, K., Bouchon, Marilu, Campbell, Ethan C., Castro, Anabel, Costanza, Carol, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Cronin, T., Cruzado, Luis, Daniel, Raychelle, Davletshin, S. G., De La Cour, Jacqueline L., Deline, P., Dewitte, Boris, Dhurmea, R., Dickerson, C., Domingues, Ricardo, Durre, Imke, Eakin, C. Mark, Farmer, J., Fauchald, P., Geiger, Erick F., Gomez, Andrea M., Gugliemin, Mario, Hansen, K., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Heron, Scott F., Heuze, C., Horstkotte, T., Hubert, Daan, Hueuze, Celine, Ibrahim, M. M., Isaac, Victor, Jacobs, Stephanie J., Jeffries, Martin O., Karakoylu, Erdem M., Khan, M. S., Ladd, C., Lavado-casimiro, Waldo, Lee, S. -e, Lee, T. C., Li, Bailing, Li, Tim, Lopez, Luis A., Luthcke, S., Marcellin, Vernie, Marin, Dora, Marsh, Benjamin L., Martin, A, Martinez, Alejandra G., Martinez-sanchez, Odalys, Meijers, Andrew J. S., Miller, Ben, Moat, Ben, Mochizuki, Y., Mosquera-vasquez, Kobi, Mostafa, Awatif E., Nielsen-gammon, John W., Noll, Ben E., Osborne, Emily, Pastor, Saavedra Maria Asuncion, Paulik, Christoph, Peltier, Alexandre, Pinzon, J., Po-chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quispe, Nelson, Rakotoarimalala, C., Richardson, A. D., Ricker, R, Rodriguez, Camino Ernesto, Rosner, Benjamin, Roth, David Mark, Rutishauser, T., Sasgen, L., Sayad, T. A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Silow, Eugene, Skirving, William J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Spillane, Sandra, Stanitski, Diane M., Stengel, M., Stephenson, Kimberly, Strong, Alan E., Sutton, Adrienne J., Takahashi, Kenneth S., Thackeray, S. J., Thomson, Lthorsteinsson T., Timbal, Bertrand, Timofeyev, Maxim A., Tirak, Kyle, V, Togawa, H., Tommervik, H., Tourpali, Kleareti, Trinanes, Joaquin A., Tucker, C. J., Tye, Mari R., Van Der A, Ronald J., Velden, Christopher S., Vickers, H., Webster, M., Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wood, K., Yoon, Huang, York, A., Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziel, R., and Ziese, Markus G.
- Abstract
In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide— reached new record highs. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth’s surface for 2017 was 405.0 ± 0.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm greater than for 2016 and the highest in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800 000 years. The global growth rate of CO2 has nearly quadrupled since the early 1960s. With ENSO-neutral conditions present in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during most of the year and weak La Niña conditions notable at the start and end, the global temperature across land and ocean surfaces ranked as the second or third highest, depending on the dataset, since records began in the mid-to-late 1800s. Notably, it was the warmest non-El Niño year in the instrumental record. Above Earth’s surface, the annual lower tropospheric temperature was also either second or third highest according to all datasets analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was about 0.2°C higher than the record cold temperature of 2016 according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, and Bulgaria, reported record high annual temperatures. Mexico broke its annual record for the fourth consecutive year. On 27 January, the temperature reached 43.4°C at Puerto Madryn, Argentina—the highest temperature recorded so far south (43°S) anywhere in the world. On 28 May in Turbat, western Pakistan, the high of 53.5°C tied Pakistan’s all-time highest temperature and became the world-record highest temperature for May. In the Arctic, the 2017 land surface temperature was 1.6°C above the 1981–2010 average, the second highest since the record began in 1900, behind only 2016. The five highest annual Arctic temperatures have all occurred since 2007. Exceptionally high temperatures were observed in the permafrost across the Arctic, with record values r
- Published
- 2018
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39. State of the climate in 2017
- Author
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Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, LS Religiewetenschap, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Zonder bezoldiging NED, LS Taalverwerving, Leerstoel Tubergen, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hafd Faculteitsbureau GW, Afd Pharmacology, Dep IRAS, Marine and Atmospheric Research, OFR - Religious Studies, Abernethy, R., Ackerman, Steven A., Adler, R., Albanil Encarnación, Adelina, Aldeco, Laura S., Alfaro, Eric J., Aliaga-Nestares, Vannia, Allan, Richard P., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Anderson, John, Andreassen, L. M., Argüez, Anthony, Armitage, C., Arndt, Derek S., Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, César, Báez, Julián, Bardin, M. Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Baxter, Stephen, Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bedka, Kristopher M., Behe, Carolina, Bell, Gerald D., Bellouin, Nicolas, Belmont, M., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, G. H., Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U. S., Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke, J., Blake, Eric S., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bolmgren, K., Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bouchon, Marilú, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Buehler, S., Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Ethan C., Campbell, Jayaka D., Cappelen, J., Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R., Castro, Anabel, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, E. S., Clem, Kyle R., Coelho, Caio A.S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R., Copland, L., Costanza, Carol, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Cronin, T., Crouch, Jake, Cruzado, Luis, Daniel, Raychelle, Davis, Sean M., Davletshin, S. G., De Eyto, Elvira, De Jeu, Richard A.M., De La Cour, Jacqueline L., De Laat, Jos, De Gasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Deline, P., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Dewitte, Boris, Dhurmea, R., Di Girolamo, Larry, Diamond, Howard J., Dickerson, C., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dokulil, Martin T., Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Domingues, Ricardo, Donat, Markus G., Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Eakin, C. Mark, El Kharrim, M., Elkins, James W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, Jhan C., Famiglietti, James S., Farmer, J., Farrell, S., Fauchald, P., Fausto, R. S., Feely, Richard A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, X., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris, Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Francis, S. D., Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Ganter, Catherine, Geiger, Erick F., Gerland, S., Gilson, John, Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Gomez, Andrea M., Goni, Gustavo, Grooß, Jens Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Guard, Charles P., Gugliemin, Mario, Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, Dimitri, Haas, C., Hagos, S., Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leo, Hall, Brad D., Halpert, Michael S., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, L., Harris, Ian, Hartfield, Gail, Heidinger, Andrew K., Heim, Richard R., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Hendricks, S., Hernández, Rafael, Hernández, Sosa Marieta, Heron, Scott F., Heuzé, C., Hidalgo, Hugo G., Ho, Shu Peng, Hobbs, William R., Horstkotte, T., Huang, Boyin, Hubert, Daan, Hueuzé, Céline, Hurst, Dale F., Ialongo, Iolanda, Ibrahim, M. M., Ijampy, J. A., Inness, Antje, Isaac, Victor, Isaksen, K., Ishii, Masayoshi, Jacobs, Stephanie J., Jeffries, Martin O., Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Jiménez, C., Jin, Xiangze, John, Viju, Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, J. W., Karaköylü, Erdem M., Kato, Seiji, Kazemi, A., Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, M. S., Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Killick, Rachel, Kim, Hyungjun, Kim, S. J., Klotzbach, Philip J., Knaff, John A., Kohler, J., Korhonen, Johanna, Korshunova, Natalia N., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, D. P., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Krumpen, T., Ladd, C., Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lander, Mark A., Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, S. E., Lee, T. C., Leuliette, Eric, L'Heureux, Michelle, Li, Tim, Lieser, Jan L., Lin, I. I., Mears, Carl A., Liu, Gang, Li, Bailing, Liu, Hongxing, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., López, Luis A., Lorrey, Andrew M., Loyola, Diego, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing Jia, Luojus, K., Luthcke, S., Macias-Fauria, M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, Gloria L., Marcellin, Vernie, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, José A., Marín, Dora, Marra, John J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., Martin, A., Martínez, Alejandra G., Martínez-Güingla, Rodney, Martínez-Sánchez, Odalys, Marsh, Benjamin L., Lyman, John M., Massom, Robert A., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew, McBride, Charlotte, McCabe, M. F., McCarthy, Mark, Meier, W., Meijers, Andrew J.S., Mekonnen, Ademe, Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Meredith, Michael P., Merrifield, Mark A., Miller, Ben, Miralles, Diego G., Mitchum, Gary T., Mitro, Sukarni, Moat, Ben, Mochizuki, Y., Monselesan, Didier, Montzka, Stephen A., Mora, Natalie, Morice, Colin, Mosquera-Vásquez, Kobi, Mostafa, Awatif E., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Müller, Rolf, Myneni, R., Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newman, L., Newman, Paul A., Nielsen-Gammon, John W., Nieto, Juan José, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben E., O'Neel, S., Osborn, Tim J., Osborne, Emily, Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Park, T., Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pastor Saavedra, Maria Asuncion, Paterson, Andrew M., Paulik, Christoph, Pearce, Petra R., Peltier, Alexandre, Pelto, Mauri S., Peng, Liang, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Perovich, Don, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, C., Phillips, David, Phoenix, G., Pinty, Bernard, Pinzon, J., Po-Chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quispe, Nelson, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rakotoarimalala, C., Rayner, Darren, Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Rémy, Samuel, Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richardson, A. D., Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Ricker, R., Rimmer, Alon, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Camino, Ernesto, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Rösner, Benjamin, Roth, Chris, Roth, David Mark, Rusak, James A., Rutishäuser, T., Sallée, Jean Bapiste, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayad, T. A., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schreck, Carl J., Selkirk, H. B., Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, M., Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., Siegel, David A., Silow, Eugene, Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Skirving, William J., Smeed, David A., Smeets, C. J.P.P., Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Spence, Jacqueline M., Spillane, Sandra, Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stanitski, Diane M., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, José L., Stengel, M., Stephenson, Kimberly, Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Strong, Alan E., Sun-Mack, Sunny, Sutton, Adrienne J., Swart, Sebastiaan, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kenneth S., Tamar, Gerard, Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Thackeray, S. J., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, Philip, Thomson, L., Thorsteinsson, T., Timbal, Bertrand, Timmermans, M. L., TImofeyev, Maxim A., Tirak, Kyle V., Tobin, Skie, Togawa, H., Tømmervik, H., Tourpali, Kleareti, Trachte, Katja, Trewin, Blair C., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, M., Tucker, C. J., Tye, Mari R., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S.W., Van Der Ronald, J. A., Van Der Schalie, Robin, Van Der Schrier, Gerard, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Velden, Christopher S., Velicogna, I., Verburg, Piet, Vickers, H., Vincent, Lucie A., Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wagner, Wolfgang, Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, Bin, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Ray, Wang, Sheng Hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Webster, M., Weller, Robert A., Westberry, Toby K., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Whitewood, Robert, Widlansky, Matthew J., Wiese, David N., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Willis, Josh K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Wood, K., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Wouters, B., Xue, Yan, Yin, Xungang, Yoon, Huang, York, A., Yu, Lisan, Zambrano, Eduardo, Zhang, Huai Min, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhao, Lin, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziel, R., Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus G., Griffin, Jessicca, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Riddle, Deborah B., Slagle, Mary, Sprain, Mara, Veasey, Sara W., McVicar, Tim R., Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, LS Religiewetenschap, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Zonder bezoldiging NED, LS Taalverwerving, Leerstoel Tubergen, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hafd Faculteitsbureau GW, Afd Pharmacology, Dep IRAS, Marine and Atmospheric Research, OFR - Religious Studies, Abernethy, R., Ackerman, Steven A., Adler, R., Albanil Encarnación, Adelina, Aldeco, Laura S., Alfaro, Eric J., Aliaga-Nestares, Vannia, Allan, Richard P., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Anderson, John, Andreassen, L. M., Argüez, Anthony, Armitage, C., Arndt, Derek S., Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, César, Báez, Julián, Bardin, M. Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Baxter, Stephen, Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bedka, Kristopher M., Behe, Carolina, Bell, Gerald D., Bellouin, Nicolas, Belmont, M., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, G. H., Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U. S., Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke, J., Blake, Eric S., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bolmgren, K., Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bouchon, Marilú, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Buehler, S., Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Ethan C., Campbell, Jayaka D., Cappelen, J., Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R., Castro, Anabel, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, E. S., Clem, Kyle R., Coelho, Caio A.S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R., Copland, L., Costanza, Carol, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Cronin, T., Crouch, Jake, Cruzado, Luis, Daniel, Raychelle, Davis, Sean M., Davletshin, S. G., De Eyto, Elvira, De Jeu, Richard A.M., De La Cour, Jacqueline L., De Laat, Jos, De Gasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Deline, P., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Dewitte, Boris, Dhurmea, R., Di Girolamo, Larry, Diamond, Howard J., Dickerson, C., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dokulil, Martin T., Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Domingues, Ricardo, Donat, Markus G., Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Eakin, C. Mark, El Kharrim, M., Elkins, James W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, Jhan C., Famiglietti, James S., Farmer, J., Farrell, S., Fauchald, P., Fausto, R. S., Feely, Richard A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, X., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris, Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Francis, S. D., Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Ganter, Catherine, Geiger, Erick F., Gerland, S., Gilson, John, Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Gomez, Andrea M., Goni, Gustavo, Grooß, Jens Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Guard, Charles P., Gugliemin, Mario, Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, Dimitri, Haas, C., Hagos, S., Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leo, Hall, Brad D., Halpert, Michael S., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, L., Harris, Ian, Hartfield, Gail, Heidinger, Andrew K., Heim, Richard R., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Hendricks, S., Hernández, Rafael, Hernández, Sosa Marieta, Heron, Scott F., Heuzé, C., Hidalgo, Hugo G., Ho, Shu Peng, Hobbs, William R., Horstkotte, T., Huang, Boyin, Hubert, Daan, Hueuzé, Céline, Hurst, Dale F., Ialongo, Iolanda, Ibrahim, M. M., Ijampy, J. A., Inness, Antje, Isaac, Victor, Isaksen, K., Ishii, Masayoshi, Jacobs, Stephanie J., Jeffries, Martin O., Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Jiménez, C., Jin, Xiangze, John, Viju, Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, J. W., Karaköylü, Erdem M., Kato, Seiji, Kazemi, A., Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, M. S., Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Killick, Rachel, Kim, Hyungjun, Kim, S. J., Klotzbach, Philip J., Knaff, John A., Kohler, J., Korhonen, Johanna, Korshunova, Natalia N., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, D. P., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Krumpen, T., Ladd, C., Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lander, Mark A., Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, S. E., Lee, T. C., Leuliette, Eric, L'Heureux, Michelle, Li, Tim, Lieser, Jan L., Lin, I. I., Mears, Carl A., Liu, Gang, Li, Bailing, Liu, Hongxing, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., López, Luis A., Lorrey, Andrew M., Loyola, Diego, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing Jia, Luojus, K., Luthcke, S., Macias-Fauria, M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, Gloria L., Marcellin, Vernie, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, José A., Marín, Dora, Marra, John J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., Martin, A., Martínez, Alejandra G., Martínez-Güingla, Rodney, Martínez-Sánchez, Odalys, Marsh, Benjamin L., Lyman, John M., Massom, Robert A., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew, McBride, Charlotte, McCabe, M. F., McCarthy, Mark, Meier, W., Meijers, Andrew J.S., Mekonnen, Ademe, Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Meredith, Michael P., Merrifield, Mark A., Miller, Ben, Miralles, Diego G., Mitchum, Gary T., Mitro, Sukarni, Moat, Ben, Mochizuki, Y., Monselesan, Didier, Montzka, Stephen A., Mora, Natalie, Morice, Colin, Mosquera-Vásquez, Kobi, Mostafa, Awatif E., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Müller, Rolf, Myneni, R., Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newman, L., Newman, Paul A., Nielsen-Gammon, John W., Nieto, Juan José, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben E., O'Neel, S., Osborn, Tim J., Osborne, Emily, Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Park, T., Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pastor Saavedra, Maria Asuncion, Paterson, Andrew M., Paulik, Christoph, Pearce, Petra R., Peltier, Alexandre, Pelto, Mauri S., Peng, Liang, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Perovich, Don, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, C., Phillips, David, Phoenix, G., Pinty, Bernard, Pinzon, J., Po-Chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quispe, Nelson, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rakotoarimalala, C., Rayner, Darren, Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Rémy, Samuel, Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richardson, A. D., Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Ricker, R., Rimmer, Alon, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Camino, Ernesto, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Rösner, Benjamin, Roth, Chris, Roth, David Mark, Rusak, James A., Rutishäuser, T., Sallée, Jean Bapiste, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayad, T. A., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schreck, Carl J., Selkirk, H. B., Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, M., Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., Siegel, David A., Silow, Eugene, Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Skirving, William J., Smeed, David A., Smeets, C. J.P.P., Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Spence, Jacqueline M., Spillane, Sandra, Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stanitski, Diane M., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, José L., Stengel, M., Stephenson, Kimberly, Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Strong, Alan E., Sun-Mack, Sunny, Sutton, Adrienne J., Swart, Sebastiaan, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kenneth S., Tamar, Gerard, Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Thackeray, S. J., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, Philip, Thomson, L., Thorsteinsson, T., Timbal, Bertrand, Timmermans, M. L., TImofeyev, Maxim A., Tirak, Kyle V., Tobin, Skie, Togawa, H., Tømmervik, H., Tourpali, Kleareti, Trachte, Katja, Trewin, Blair C., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, M., Tucker, C. J., Tye, Mari R., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S.W., Van Der Ronald, J. A., Van Der Schalie, Robin, Van Der Schrier, Gerard, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Velden, Christopher S., Velicogna, I., Verburg, Piet, Vickers, H., Vincent, Lucie A., Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wagner, Wolfgang, Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, Bin, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Ray, Wang, Sheng Hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Webster, M., Weller, Robert A., Westberry, Toby K., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Whitewood, Robert, Widlansky, Matthew J., Wiese, David N., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Willis, Josh K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Wood, K., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Wouters, B., Xue, Yan, Yin, Xungang, Yoon, Huang, York, A., Yu, Lisan, Zambrano, Eduardo, Zhang, Huai Min, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhao, Lin, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziel, R., Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus G., Griffin, Jessicca, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Riddle, Deborah B., Slagle, Mary, Sprain, Mara, Veasey, Sara W., and McVicar, Tim R.
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- 2018
40. Risk-sensitive planning for conserving coral reefs under rapid climate change
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Beyer, Hawthorne, Kennedy, Emma, Beger, Maria, Chen, Chaolun, Cinner, Joshua, Darling, Emily, Eakin, C. Mark, Gates, Ruth, Heron, Scott, Knowlton, Nancy, Wilson, Kerrie, other, and, Beyer, Hawthorne, Kennedy, Emma, Beger, Maria, Chen, Chaolun, Cinner, Joshua, Darling, Emily, Eakin, C. Mark, Gates, Ruth, Heron, Scott, Knowlton, Nancy, Wilson, Kerrie, and other, and
- Abstract
Coral reef ecosystems are seriously threatened by changing conditions in the ocean. Although many factors are implicated, climate change has emerged as a dominant and rapidly growing threat. Developing a long-term strategic plan for the conservation of coral reefs is urgently needed yet is complicated by significant uncertainty associated with climate change impacts on coral reef ecosystems. We use Modern Portfolio Theory to identify coral reef locations globally that, in the absence of other impacts, are likely to have a heightened chance of surviving projected climate changes relative to other reefs. Long-term planning that is robust to uncertainty in future conditions provides an objective and transparent framework for guiding conservation action and strategic investment. These locations constitute important opportunities for novel conservation investments to secure less vulnerable yet well-connected coral reefs that may, in turn, help to repopulate degraded areas in the event that the climate has stabilized. © 2018 The Authors. Conservation Letters published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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- 2018
41. Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene
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Hughes, Terry, Anderson, Kristen D., Connolly, Sean R., Heron, Scott F., Kerry, James T., Lough, Janice M., Baird, Andrew H., Baum, Julia K., Berumen, Michael L., Bridge, Tom C., Claar, Danielle C., Eakin, C. Mark, Gilmour, James P., Graham, Nicholas Anthony James, Harrison, Hugo, Hobbs, Jean-Paul A., Hoey, Andrew S., Hoogenboom, Mia, Lowe, Ryan J., McCulloch, Malcolm, Pandolfi, John M., Pratchett, Morgan, Schoepf, Verena, Torda, Gergely, Wilson, Shaun K., Hughes, Terry, Anderson, Kristen D., Connolly, Sean R., Heron, Scott F., Kerry, James T., Lough, Janice M., Baird, Andrew H., Baum, Julia K., Berumen, Michael L., Bridge, Tom C., Claar, Danielle C., Eakin, C. Mark, Gilmour, James P., Graham, Nicholas Anthony James, Harrison, Hugo, Hobbs, Jean-Paul A., Hoey, Andrew S., Hoogenboom, Mia, Lowe, Ryan J., McCulloch, Malcolm, Pandolfi, John M., Pratchett, Morgan, Schoepf, Verena, Torda, Gergely, and Wilson, Shaun K.
- Abstract
Tropical reef systems are transitioning to a new era in which the interval between recurrent bouts of coral bleaching is too short for a full recovery of mature assemblages. We analyzed bleaching records at 100 globally distributed reef locations from 1980 to 2016. The median return time between pairs of severe bleaching events has diminished steadily since 1980 and is now only 6 years. As global warming has progressed, tropical sea surface temperatures are warmer now during current La Niña conditions than they were during El Niño events three decades ago. Consequently, as we transition to the Anthropocene, coral bleaching is occurring more frequently in all El Niño–Southern Oscillation phases, increasing the likelihood of annual bleaching in the coming decades.
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- 2018
42. The Role of Science in Documentary Production: Chasing Coral
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Eakin, C. Mark, primary
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- 2018
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43. Use of NOAA Coral Reef Watch Ecoforecasts by Resource Managers During the 2014-2017 Global Coral Bleaching Event
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Eakin, C. Mark, primary, Liu, Gang, additional, De La Cour, Jacqueline, additional, Geiger, Erick, additional, Skirving, William, additional, Gomez, Andrea, additional, Marsh, Ben, additional, Heron, Scott, additional, Tirak, Kyle, additional, and Devotta, Denise, additional
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- 2018
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44. Ecological memory modifies the cumulative impact of recurrent climate extremes
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Hughes, Terry P., primary, Kerry, James T., additional, Connolly, Sean R., additional, Baird, Andrew H., additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, Heron, Scott F., additional, Hoey, Andrew S., additional, Hoogenboom, Mia O., additional, Jacobson, Mizue, additional, Liu, Gang, additional, Pratchett, Morgan S., additional, Skirving, William, additional, and Torda, Gergely, additional
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- 2018
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45. Risk‐sensitive planning for conserving coral reefs under rapid climate change
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Beyer, Hawthorne L., primary, Kennedy, Emma V., additional, Beger, Maria, additional, Chen, Chaolun Allen, additional, Cinner, Joshua E., additional, Darling, Emily S., additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, Gates, Ruth D., additional, Heron, Scott F., additional, Knowlton, Nancy, additional, Obura, David O., additional, Palumbi, Stephen R., additional, Possingham, Hugh P., additional, Puotinen, Marji, additional, Runting, Rebecca K., additional, Skirving, William J., additional, Spalding, Mark, additional, Wilson, Kerrie A., additional, Wood, Sally, additional, Veron, John E., additional, and Hoegh‐Guldberg, Ove, additional
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- 2018
- Full Text
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46. Predicting Heat Stress to Inform Reef Management: NOAA Coral Reef Watch's 4-Month Coral Bleaching Outlook
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Liu, Gang, primary, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, Chen, Mingyue, additional, Kumar, Arun, additional, De La Cour, Jacqueline L., additional, Heron, Scott F., additional, Geiger, Erick F., additional, Skirving, William J., additional, Tirak, Kyle V., additional, and Strong, Alan E., additional
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- 2018
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47. Mass coral bleaching due to unprecedented marine heatwave in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands)
- Author
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Couch, Courtney S., primary, Burns, John H. R., additional, Liu, Gang, additional, Steward, Kanoelani, additional, Gutlay, Tiffany Nicole, additional, Kenyon, Jean, additional, Eakin, C. Mark, additional, and Kosaki, Randall K., additional
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- 2017
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48. The Ocean
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Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove, Cai, Rongshuo, Poloczanska, Elvira S., Brewer, Peter G., Sundby, Svein, Hilmi, Karim, Fabry, Victoria J., Jung, Sukgeun, Skirving, William, Stone, Dáithí A., Burrows, Michael T., Bell, Johann, Cao, Long, Donner, Simon, Eakin, C. Mark, Eide, Arne, Halpern, Benjamin S., McClain, Charles R., O’Connor, Mary I., Parmesan, Camille, Perry, R. Ian, Richardson, Anthony J., Brown, Christopher J., Schoeman, David, Signorini, Sergio R., Sydeman, William J., Zhang, Rui, van Hooidonk, Ruben, and McKinnell, Stewart M.
- Subjects
VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Oseanografi: 452 ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 - Published
- 2014
49. Warming Trends and Bleaching Stress of the World’s Coral Reefs 1985–2012
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Heron, Scott F., primary, Maynard, Jeffrey A., additional, van Hooidonk, Ruben, additional, and Eakin, C. Mark, additional
- Published
- 2016
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50. Operationalizing resilience for adaptive coral reef management under global environmental change
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Anthony, Kenneth R. N., Marshall, Paul A., Abdulla, Ameer, Beeden, Roger, Bergh, Chris, Black, Ryan, Eakin, C. Mark, Game, Edward T., Gooch, Margaret, Graham, Nicholas A. J., Green, Alison, Heron, Scott F., van Hooidonk, Ruben, Knowland, Cheryl, Mangubhai, Sangeeta, Marshall, Nadine, Maynard, Jeffrey A., McGinnity, Peter, McLeod, Elizabeth, Mumby, Peter. J., Nyström, Magnus, Obura, David, Oliver, Jamie, Possingham, Hugh P., Pressey, Robert L., Rowlands, Gwilym P., Tamelander, Jerker, Wachenfeld, David, Wear, Stephanie, Anthony, Kenneth R. N., Marshall, Paul A., Abdulla, Ameer, Beeden, Roger, Bergh, Chris, Black, Ryan, Eakin, C. Mark, Game, Edward T., Gooch, Margaret, Graham, Nicholas A. J., Green, Alison, Heron, Scott F., van Hooidonk, Ruben, Knowland, Cheryl, Mangubhai, Sangeeta, Marshall, Nadine, Maynard, Jeffrey A., McGinnity, Peter, McLeod, Elizabeth, Mumby, Peter. J., Nyström, Magnus, Obura, David, Oliver, Jamie, Possingham, Hugh P., Pressey, Robert L., Rowlands, Gwilym P., Tamelander, Jerker, Wachenfeld, David, and Wear, Stephanie
- Abstract
Cumulative pressures from global climate and ocean change combined with multiple regional and local-scale stressors pose fundamental challenges to coral reef managers worldwide. Understanding how cumulative stressors affect coral reef vulnerability is critical for successful reef conservation now and in the future. In this review, we present the case that strategically managing for increased ecological resilience (capacity for stress resistance and recovery) can reduce coral reef vulnerability (risk of net decline) up to a point. Specifically, we propose an operational framework for identifying effective management levers to enhance resilience and support management decisions that reduce reef vulnerability. Building on a system understanding of biological and ecological processes that drive resilience of coral reefs in different environmental and socio-economic settings, we present an Adaptive Resilience-Based management (ARBM) framework and suggest a set of guidelines for how and where resilience can be enhanced via management interventions. We argue that press-type stressors (pollution, sedimentation, overfishing, ocean warming and acidification) are key threats to coral reef resilience by affecting processes underpinning resistance and recovery, while pulse-type (acute) stressors (e.g. storms, bleaching events, crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks) increase the demand for resilience. We apply the framework to a set of example problems for Caribbean and Indo-Pacific reefs. A combined strategy of active risk reduction and resilience support is needed, informed by key management objectives, knowledge of reef ecosystem processes and consideration of environmental and social drivers. As climate change and ocean acidification erode the resilience and increase the vulnerability of coral reefs globally, successful adaptive management of coral reefs will become increasingly difficult. Given limited resources, on-the-ground solutions are likely to focus increasingly on actio, AuthorCount:29
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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