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A significant challenge of managing successful engineering projects is to know their status at any time. This paper describes a concept of automated project progress measurement based on data flow models, digital twins, and machine learning (ML) algorithms. The approach integrates information from previous projects by considering historical data using ML algorithms and current unfinished artifacts to determine the degree of completion. The information required to measure the progress of engineering activities is extracted from engineering artifacts and subsequently analyzed and interpreted according to the project's progress. Data flow models of the engineering process help understand the context of the analyzed artifacts. The use of digital twins makes it possible to connect plan data with actual data during the completion of the engineering project.

Summary Lately, the usefulness of liposomal drug delivery systems has been debated. To better understand the underlying pharmacokinetics of the targeted drug delivery by liposomes, individual encapsulated and non-encapsulated drug concentrations in blood, tumor, liver, spleen and kidneys were quantified after i.v. administration of liposomal prednisolone phosphate in mice. Kinetic analysis shows that the tumor influx of encapsulated drug is not dominant compared to the uptake by the other tissues. Further, from a quantitative point of view, the availability of non-encapsulated drug in the tumor tissue after liposomal delivery is not pronounced as compared to the other tissues studied. However, drug release in the tumor seems more extended than in the other tissues and the non-encapsulated drug concentration decreases more slowly in the tumor than in the liver and spleen. The spleen shows a high affinity for the uptake of encapsulated drug as well as the release of drug from the liposomes. Subsequently, released drug in the spleen, and possibly also in other tissues, is probably quickly redistributed towards the blood and other tissues. This also impairs the drug delivery effect of the liposomes. In contrast to the released drug in the central circulation, liver and spleen, the released drug concentration in the tumor remains at a fairly constant level likely due to the extended release kinetics from the liposomes. These extended release characteristics in the tumor most probably contribute to the beneficial effect. Nevertheless, it should be noted that larger released drug concentrations are formed in healthy tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10637-018-0708-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The aim of the study was to examine the reproducibility of a rat model to assess the preclinical similarity in safety profiles and tissue accumulation of iron products. Accordingly, the effect of several doses of intravenously administered Venofer® and of Ferrlecit® on blood parameters, and on kidney and particularly liver toxicity were examined in non-anemic Sprague Dawley rats. The different analysis showed neither a clear treatment nor a dose effect after multiple injections. The parameters measured in this rat strain showed some iron induced adverse effects, but these could not be correlated to treatment specific differences. The findings presented in this paper indicate the difficulty to define a useful preclinical model to evaluate iron-based nano-colloidal preparations.

Objective: Implanted neuromodulation devices are known to interact with ECG-recordings. This has been reported as for DBS, SCS, as well as baroreceptor cell stimulation patients. In cardiac emergencies, interpretation of heart rate, rhythm, or even ST-segment can be completely impeded preventing emergency[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 69. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Mexikanischen und Kolumbianischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie