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13. The mesoneocortical dopamine neuron system

Author

De Keyser, J., Herregodts, P., and Ebinger, G.

Subjects
Mesencephalon -- Physiological aspects, Neocortex -- Physiological aspects, Dopamine -- Physiological aspects, Neuroanatomy -- Research, Cerebral cortex -- Physiological aspects, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter substance, as well as a metabolic precursor of two other catecholamines, norepinephrine and epinephrine. The dopamine systems within the brain are of clinical interest, as hyperactivity of dopamine systems is implicated in some forms of psychosis and a reduction in dopamine activity in the nigrostriatal system may be responsible for the cognitive deficits observed in Parkinson's disease. Other neurological diseases are also suspected of being related to abnormalities in dopamine systems. The nigrostriatal pathway travels from the substantia nigra to the striatum (another term for the basal ganglia), consisting of the globus pallidus, the putamen, and the caudate nucleus. Dopaminergic fibers also arise from the ventral tegmental area, which, like the substantia nigra, is located in the part of the brain called the mesencephalon. Some authors prefer, then, to refer to both pathways collectively as the mesostriatal pathway. Another dopaminergic pathway arising in the mesencephalon is the mesocorticolimbic system, which sends dopamine-containing fibers to a few areas of the cortex and to the limbic system, including the amygdala, septal area, olfactory tubercle, and piriform cortex. For years it was believed that most of the areas of the cerebral cortex did not receive dopaminergic fibers from the mesencephalon. However, new evidence, based primarily on immunohistochemical techniques and the ability to identify the presence of dopamine receptors, suggests that virtually all the cerebral cortex receives dopaminergic projections. It may prove beneficial to consider the dopaminergic projections as the mesostriatal system, the mesoallocortical system (projecting to the limbic system), and the mesoneocortical system (projecting to the cerebral cortex, also called the neocortex). Evidence suggests that, compared with the striatum, the distribution of dopamine receptors is different in the cerebral cortex, and these differences may well be responsible for the variety of symptoms that are observed in diseases related to abnormalities of dopaminergic systems. The recent recognition that dopaminergic pathways are more extensive than previously thought may provide a better understanding of diseases such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1990

21. S-100 protein as early predictor of hospital of regaining consciousness after out cardiac arrest

Author

Hachimi-Idrissi, S, Van der Auwera, M, Schiettecatte, J, Ebinger, G, Michotte, Y, Huyghens, L, Internal Medicine Specializations, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Critical Care, and Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School

Subjects
Medicine(all), resuscitation, Hypoxia, Brain/blood, Consciousness/physiology, S100 Proteins/blood, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Humans, Prospective Studies, Biomarkers/blood, Heart Arrest/blood, Aged
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest (CA) have a high mortality rate. Prognostic evaluation based on clinical observations is uncertain and would benefit from the use of biochemical markers of hypoxic brain damage. The purpose of the study was to validate the use of the serum astroglial protein S-100 levels at admission with regard to regaining consciousness after out of hospital CA. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital CA were followed up until they regained consciousness or until their death or permanent vegetative state occurred. Serum samples for measurement of S-100, using an immunoradiometric assay, were obtained at admission. RESULTS: At admission, the mean value+/-standard error of the mean of serum S-100 protein was significantly higher in patients who did not regain consciousness compared with patients who regained consciousness, respectively 4.66+/-0.61 microg/l and 0.84+/-0.21 microg/l. A serum S-100 value of >0.7 microg/l at admission was found to be a predictor that consciousness would not be regained, with a specificity of 85%, a sensitivity of 66.6%, a positive predictive value of 84%, a negative predictive value of 78% and an accuracy of 77.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Serum S-100 protein at admission gives reliable and independent information concerning the short term neurological outcome after resuscitation; and could be a good marker of brain cell damage.

Published
2002

25. Dual effect of N-ethylmaleimide on agonist binding to bovine heart muscarinic receptors

Author

Vauquelin, G, Vanderheyden, P, Ebinger, G, Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Experimental Pharmacology, and Vriendenkring VUB

Subjects
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, heart, In Vitro Techniques, Binding, Competitive, Receptors, Muscarinic, Quinuclidinyl Benzilate, Parasympathomimetics, Ethylmaleimide, myocardium, Animals, Carbachol, Cattle, Guanosine Triphosphate, Adenylyl Cyclases
Abstract

M2-Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are identified in membrane preparations from calf heart by binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. The alkylating reagent N-ethylmaleimide provokes two major changes in the competition binding characteristics of the agonist carbachol. At low temperature (0 degrees C), the reagent provokes a rightward shift and steepening of the competition curve in a GTP-like manner. This can be attributed to alkylation of the adenylate cyclase-regulating component Gi. At 30 degrees C, the reagent also increases the affinity of the agonist for the receptor, presumably by direct alkylation of the receptor.

Published
1990

33. Beneficial Effect of a Treatment with Xylitol in a Patient with Myoadenylate Deaminase Deficiency

Author

Ebinger G and Bruyland M

Subjects
Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemotherapy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, AMP deaminase, Xylitol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Enzyme, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Myopathy, business
Published
1994

46. LAFORAʼS DISEASE

Author

De, Coninck AL, primary, De, Pauw I, additional, Bruyland, M, additional, and Ebinger, G, additional

Published
1994
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