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The consequences of human interventions on land use have been empirically demonstrated to affect substantially hydrological processes and ecosystem services within watershed environments. Since 1970, Malaysia has faced deforestation, driven mainly by logging and agricultural expansion, aligning with its developmental goals by 2020. From 1970 to 2000, deforestation led to a 25.5% decline in forested land, causing a significant 10.2% rise in excess runoff. Moreover from 2001 to 2021, the nation lost 17% of its total land to deforestation. These trends emphasize the need for a thorough investigation of sustainable conservation efforts in Malaysia. This study focuses on the Langat basin in Malaysia, evaluating past and future land use changes and their effects on the basin’s hydrological response. The study employed key informant reports, population growth data, observed land use change, field survey and agricultural land availability considered for developing change scenarios. We emphasized the significance of integrating diverse modeling methods to analyze LULC changes effectively. The use of a semi-distributed hydrological model, SWAT, in combination with Markov chain and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques proved to be an integrated and suitable tool for comprehensive change analysis and modeling of land use. Markov chain modeling is valuable for predicting land use changes over time, providing input scenarios for SWAT simulations. MLP is a powerful algorithm to capture non-linear relationships and complex patterns in the data, enhancing the modeling accuracy. The simulation results, based on historic land use data (1984-2006-2010) and projected future land use maps (2030-2050-2080), revealed a consistent pattern of urban expansion and deforestation leading to increased streamflow. Projections indicated a substantial rise in streamflow by 20%, 61%, and 71% for the 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. To mitigate potential flood and sediment loss, it is crucial to involve local stakeholders such as local communities, government bodies, environmental organizations, and businesses. Such analysis facilitates understanding their perspectives and concerns regarding afforestation and urban expansion control, informing future development programs and land use planning effectively.

The major problem in the assessment of relationships between rainfall and runoff occurs when a study is carried out in ungauged watersheds in the absence of hydro-climatic data. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of Natural Resources Conservation Service-Curve Number (NRCS-CN) method together with GIS in estimating runoff depth in a mountainous watershed. The study was carried out in the semi-arid Kardeh watershed which lies between 36º 37´ 17˝ to 36º 58´ 25˝ N latitude and 59º 26´ 3˝ to 59º 37´ 17˝ E longitude, about 42 km north of Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. The hydrologic soil groups, land use and slope maps were generated with GIS tools. The curve number values from NRCS Standard Tables were assigned to the intersected hydrologic soil groups and land use maps to generate CN values map. The curve number method was followed to estimate runoff depth for selected storm events in the watershed. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, pair-wise comparison by the t-test, Pearson correlation and percent error were used to assess the accuracy of estimated data and relationship between estimated and observed runoff depth. The results showed relatively low Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E = – 0.835). There was no significant difference between estimated and observed runoff depths (P > 0.05). Fair correlation was detected between estimated and observed runoff depth (r = 0.56; P < 0.01). About 9% of the estimated runoff values were within ±10% of the recorded values and 43% had error percent greater than ±50%. The results indicated that the combined GIS and CN method can be used in semi-arid mountainous watersheds with about 55% accuracy only for management and conservation purposes.

Abstract: By taking the effect of the scale parameter explicitly into account, bending behavior of Euler‐Bernoulli and Timoshenko nanobeams is studied using doublet mechanics. In addition, the effect of chirality on the softening or hardening behavior of an Euler‐Bernoulli nanobeam in bending is studied by taking the effect of the chiral angle explicitly into account. For the bending of the Timoshenko nanobeam the effect of the scale parameter and chirality on the axial and shear stresses is studied and the results are compared with the gradient and Eringen‐like models. It is shown that as the chiral angle increases, a simply supported Timoshenko nanobeam under a uniform loading changes from a softening to a hardening nanobeam indicating that chirality has a pronounced effect on the bending response of the nanobeams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytic acid i.e. myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate is the most storage form of phosphorus in seeds and pollens that is a strong chelating agent of metals such as zinc, calcium, iron, magnesium, copper and potassium. This compound also has beneficial effects on human health and can act as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and as energy storage. The aim of this study is to introduce a new method for phytic acid extraction from wheat bran which is a large scale by-product of milling industry with high levels of phytic acid. Following centrifugation the pH of obtained supernatant was adjusted to 8 with 1.5 M Na2CO3 and the obtained pellet was resuspended in 1.0 N HCl and was treated with formaldehyde and celit. Finally, following Whatman paper filtration, the pellet was dried at 60°C for 1 day and its purity was confirmed by a spectrophotometry procedure using wade reagent. As a result the average of purity was 66.95% and average weight of obtained phytic acid was 2.94 gram per 100 gram of wheat bran. The results of IR confirmed that the obtained material is phytic acid and the characteristic peak of phytic acid was obviously present in IR analysis. The results of this research suggest that this procedure is an environmental friendly method without environmental pollution which enables us to prepare phytic acid with high yield in order to be used in food and pharmaceutical formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): The current study reports investigation of codelivery by PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with crocetin (Cro), a natural carotenoid dicarboxylicHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acid" acid that is found in the crocus flower, and Doxorubicin (DOX). Materials and Methods: Double emulsion/solvent evaporation method was used for preparation of PLGA nanoparticles containing Dox and Cro. Characterizations of prepared NPs were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering analysis. In vitro Cytotoxicity of DOX and Cro loaded PLGA NPs (PLGA-DOX-Cro) on MCF-7 cell line was evaluated using MTT test. Flow cytometry experiments were implemented to distinguish cells undergoing apoptosis from those undergoing necrosis. Furthermore the expression of caspase 3 was examined by western blot analysis. Results: The prepared formulations had size of 150- 300 nm. Furthermore, PLGA-DOX-Cro nanoparticles inhibited MCF-7 tumor cells growth more efficiently than either DOX or Cro alone at the same concentrations, as quantified by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Studies on cellular uptake of DOX-Cro-NPs demonstrated that NPs were effectively taken up by MCF-7 tumor cells. Conclusion: This study suggested that DOX-Cro-NPs may have promising applications in breast cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study aimed to address the shortage of pediatric surgery specialists globally by investigating the discrepancies in training programs and population metrics across different countries and regions. Methods: An international survey of pediatric surgeons gathered data on training duration, examination procedures, certification, and population metrics like mortality rate and surgeon-to-population ratio. Results: The study included 44 countries. The average length of pediatric surgery training was 5.7 years, with no significant difference between different regions. The pediatric mortality rate and surgeons count per 100 000 people were inversely correlated, while training duration was associated with GDP and life expectancy, but not pediatric mortality rate or surgeons' count. Conclusion: Many countries' pediatric surgery training programs do not align with their actual need for pediatric surgeons. Nations with limited economic resources may opt to shorten residency programs or offer pediatric surgery as a direct specialty after medical school to mitigate the shortage effectively., Competing Interests: Arian Ahmadi Amoli is also affiliated to School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Background: Post-stroke seizure (PSS) is a common considerable complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Early risk assessment can clinical practitioners to plan effective prevention and management. We aimed to determine whether assessing Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (DWI-ASPECTS), and neutrophil indices allows for identifying patients at risk of PSS., Methods: This prospective study included AIS patients with cortical involvement admitted to a single academic center between January 2020 to October 2023. For all included subjects, DWI-Brain MRI, blood neutrophils, and platelet counts were obtained and the DWI-ASPECTS score was calculated. Then, the patients were followed up for 6 months in terms of PSS occurrence. Based on the occurrence of PSS, patients were divided into two groups of PSS and non-PSS. For analysis, imaging and laboratory data were compared between two groups. Logistic regression was applied to determine the relationship between DWI-ASPECTS and neutrophil indices, with early PSS. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of these variables for PSS were estimated., Results: A total of 309 were included in the final statistical analysis. DWI-ASPECT and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly associated with early PSS with OR of 0.74 and OR of 1.13, respectively (P < 0.05). Further analysis showed that, a combination of DWI-ASPECTS, NLR had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 for predicting the occurrence of early PSS., Conclusion: DWI-ASPECTS and NLR are associated with the occurrence of early PSS after cortical ischemic stroke. A combination of these predictors had higher sensitivity and specificity for PSS rather than each factor alone. These findings may be helpful for determining the risk of PSS if validated in future studies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The opioid receptor mu1 is a protein coding gene that can have different codes for a protein and may have variations (polymorphisms) affecting how opioids work. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the most common opioid receptor mu1 polymorphism ( A118G ) and any relationship between this polymorphism and features following tramadol overdose., Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients admitted with tramadol poisoning to an Iranian hospital. These patients were not taking any other drugs or medications and had no history of seizures., Results: The results showed that among the 83 patients included in the study, 57 (69 per cent) had the AA genotype, 25 (30 per cent) had the AG genotype, and one (1 per cent) had the GG genotype for the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism. Nausea and/or vomiting occurred in nine (11 per cent) patients and dizziness in 38 (46 per cent) patients. Serious adverse events included seizures in 51 (60 per cent) patients and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation in 21 (25 per cent) patients. However, there was no significant association between the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism and these adverse events., Discussion: In our study, the frequency of the A allele was greater than the G allele, and the AA genotype was more prevalent than AG. The GG genotype was the least common among the polymorphisms of opioid receptor mu1 rs1799971 . There was no significant association between the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism and symptoms in tramadol-poisoned patients. Although these allele proportions are similar to the results reported in other Caucasian populations, they are dissimilar to the findings in Chinese and Singaporean populations. In these Asian studies, the predominant allele was the G allele. It has been suggested that a mutated G allele will decrease the production of opioid receptor mu1-related messenger ribonucleic acid and related proteins, leading to fewer mu-opioid receptors in the brain., Conclusions: This study found no significant association between the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism and adverse outcomes in tramadol-poisoned patients. However, more research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions due to the limited evidence and variability of opioid receptor mu1 polymorphisms in different populations.

Introduction: Large language models such as ChatGPT have gained popularity for their ability to generate comprehensive responses to human queries. In the field of medicine, ChatGPT has shown promise in applications ranging from diagnostics to decision-making. However, its performance in medical examinations and its comparison to random guessing have not been extensively studied., Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in the preinternship examination, a comprehensive medical assessment for students in Iran. The examination consisted of 200 multiple-choice questions categorised into basic science evaluation, diagnosis and decision-making. GPT-4 was used, and the questions were translated to English. A statistical analysis was conducted to assess the performance of ChatGPT and also compare it with a random test group., Results: The results showed that ChatGPT performed exceptionally well, with 68.5% of the questions answered correctly, significantly surpassing the pass mark of 45%. It exhibited superior performance in decision-making and successfully passed all specialties. Comparing ChatGPT to the random test group, ChatGPT's performance was significantly higher, demonstrating its ability to provide more accurate responses and reasoning., Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of ChatGPT in medical licensing examinations and its advantage over random guessing. However, it is important to note that ChatGPT still falls short of human physicians in terms of diagnostic accuracy and decision-making capabilities. Caution should be exercised when using ChatGPT, and its results should be verified by human experts to ensure patient safety and avoid potential errors in the medical field., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Introduction: Classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) is a rare anterior midline birth defect that remains a challenge for pediatric surgeons. Despite multiple reconstructive methods, outcomes vary widely in various reports. This study aims to compare the success rate and complications of modern staged repair of exstrophy (MSRE) in each gender and compare together., Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included cases of CBE between 2010 and 2020 that underwent MSRE. Short-term follow-up results, including incontinence rate, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), urinary infections, deformed genitalia, and so on, were measured in each gender, and their differences were reported., Results: Among the 40 newborns with CBE who underwent MSRE, 25 (62.5%) were boys, while the others had non-male genitalia. The rates of incontinence, VUR, dehiscence, and fistulas did not differ significantly between genders. However, chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs) were more frequent in girls, and boys were more likely to have malformed genitalia (p < .05)., Conclusion: Our findings indicate a similar rate of complications in each gender. However, chronic UTIs and external genitalia deformities were significantly more common in girls and boys, respectively. Further large-sized controlled trials may be needed to corroborate these findings., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

This study examines whether the socio-demographic factors and cognitive sign features can be used for envisaging safety signs comprehensibility using predictive machine learning (ML) techniques. This study will determine the role of different machine learning components such as feature selection and classification to determine suitable factors for safety construction signs comprehensibility. A total of 2310 participants were requested to guess the meaning of 20 construction safety signs (four items for each of the mandatory, prohibition, emergency, warning, and firefighting signs) using the open-ended method. Moreover, the participants were asked to rate the cognitive design features of each sign in terms of familiarity, concreteness, simplicity, meaningfulness, and semantic closeness on a 0-100 rating scale. Subsequently, all eight features (age, experience, education level, familiarity, concreteness, meaningfulness, semantic closeness, and simplicity) were used for classification. Furthermore, the 14 most popular supervised classifiers were implemented and evaluated for safety sign comprehensibility prediction using these eight features. Also, filter and wrapper methods were used as feature selection techniques. Results of feature selection techniques indicate that among the eight features considered in this study, familiarity, simplicity, and meaningfulness are found to be the most relevant and effective components in predicting the comprehensibility of selected safety signs. Further, when these three features are used for classification, the K-NN classifier achieves the highest classification accuracy of 94.369% followed by medium Gaussian SVM which achieves a classification accuracy of 76.075% under hold-out data division protocol. The machine learning (ML) technique was adopted as a promising approach to addressing the issue of comprehensibility, especially in terms of determining factors affecting the safety signs' comprehension. The cognitive sign features of familiarity, simplicity, and meaningfulness can provide useful information in terms of designing user-friendly safety signs., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: It is a rare condition defined by congenital pseudarthrosis of the fibula (CPF), which may be associated with neurofibromatosis (NF) and congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. A condition such as this may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, but it requires treatment because of the progression of signs such as ankle valgus and pseudarthrosis of the tibia. There are a number of surgical techniques that can be used to treat this condition, such as tibiofibular fusion, internal fixation, the Ilizarov method, and periosteal flap., Aim: The goal of this study was to describe the treatment results of two patients with CPF using vascularized fibular periosteal flaps., Case Report: We described the case of a 5-year-old patient and a 19-month-old patient with isolated CPF. Both patients underwent a distal-based vascularized fibular periosteal flap, and intramedullary fixation was used to treat the patients., Conclusion: The patients had full union in the pseudarthrosis site, but in the end, both had asymptomatic refracture in the union site. Our experiences showed that it is necessary to use strong intramedullary fixation and bone graft., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.)

Introduction: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem after sleeve gastrectomy. In recent years, following the increase in the number of such operations, special attention has been paid to preventing PONV. Additionally, several prophylaxis methods have been developed, including enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and preventive antiemetics. Nevertheless, PONV has not been completely eliminated, and the clinicians are trying to reduce the incidence of PONV yet., Methods: After successful ERAS implementation, patients were divided into five groups, including control and experimental groups. Metoclopramide (MA), ondansetron (OA), granisetron (GA), and a combination of metoclopramide and ondansetron (MO) were used as antiemetics for each group. The frequency of PONV during the first and second days of admission was recorded using a subjective PONV scale., Results: A total of 130 patients were enrolled in this study. The MO group showed a lower incidence of PONV (46.1%) compared to the control group (53.8%) and other groups. Furthermore, the MO group did not require rescue antiemetics, however, one-third of control cases used rescue antiemetics (0 vs. 34%)., Conclusion: Using the combination of metoclopramide and ondansetron is recommended as the antiemetic regimen for the reduction of PONV after sleeve gastrectomy. This combination is more helpful when implemented alongside ERAS protocols., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: Pelvic obliquity (PO) has not been extensively investigated, and there is no gold standard for measurement. The PO is essential for surgeons in planning hip arthroplasty, which includes the restoration of leg length discrepancy (LLD). We aimed to establish a normative range of PO angles by measuring healthy individuals without musculoskeletal disorders., Methods: Our study included 134 consecutive cases (70 females) referred to our institution between April 2020 and September 2021 for non-orthopedic problems. Patients were screened for normal gait and posture using the visual observation method (VOM) and the Modified Gait Abnormality Rating Scale (GARS-M). In standing standard radiographs, the PO angle was measured as the angle between the horizontal plane and the inter-teardrop line., Results: Patients' mean age and Body Mass Index (BMI) were 39.7 ± 16.8 and 22.3 ± 3.1, respectively. PO angles did not follow a normal distribution, with a median (IQR) of 2.0° (0.9°-3.1°). According to the Wilcoxon one-sample test, the median PO angle differed significantly from zero (P < 0.001). The PO angle did not differ significantly between males and females (2° vs. 2°, P = 0.46), nor did it correlate significantly with age (P = 0.24). Considering the 95% percentile of PO angles was 5.6°, this range (0°-5.6°) was regarded as a normative value., Conclusion: Normative values for PO in the normal healthy population range from 0° to 5.6°, with a median value of 2.0°. The PO angle was independent of age and sex and differed significantly from 0°. Slight pelvic obliquity may be normal, and physicians should not always assume that it is caused by pain, scoliosis, or weakness of the abductors., Level of Evidence: III., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Dental caries is a disease which is caused by the acidic by-products of the metabolic processes of dental plaque. Silver components are one of the clinical solutions to prevent caries. This study aimed to investigate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application on the shear bond strength of glass ionomer to primary teeth enamel., Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, a total of 48 anterior sound primary teeth were randomly divided into four groups ( n = 12). The control group (G1) consisted of healthy primary teeth, and the three experimental groups (G2-G4) were composed of demineralized primary teeth. The second group did not undergo SDF treatment, the third group underwent SDF treatment, and the fourth group underwent SDF treatment plus polishing. Glass ionomer cylinders were bonded to all specimens and subsequently tested by a universal testing machine to measure the glass ionomer shear bond strength. The type of fracture was examined by a stereomicroscope. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS 22 statistical software. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and posthoc Tukey tests (α =0.05)., Results: The mean shear bond strength of the glass ionomer was significantly higher in the control group than in the other three groups ( P < 0.05). The mean shear bond strength of glass ionomer was significantly higher in the SDF-treated group than in the non-SDF treated and SDF-treated and polished groups ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Although the glass ionomer bond strength to sound enamel was higher than other groups by a significant margin, the application of SDF increases the shear bond strength of the glass ionomer to remineralized white spot enamel in primary teeth., Competing Interests: The authors of this manuscript declare that they have no conflicts of interest, real or perceived, financial or nonfinancial in this article., (Copyright: © 2023 Dental Research Journal.)

Objectives: Known as natural nanovesicles, exosomes have attracted increased attention as biocompatible carriers throughout recent years, which can provide appropriate sources for incorporating and transferring drugs to desired cells in order to improve their effectiveness and safety., Materials and Methods: This study implicates the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from adipocyte tissue (ADSCs) to acquire a proper amount of exosomes for drug delivery. As the exosomes were separated by ultracentrifugation, SN38 was entrapped into ADSCs-derived exosomes through the combination method of incubation, freeze-thaw, and surfactant treatment (SN38/Exo). Then, SN38/Exo was conjugated with anti-MUC1 aptamer (SN38/Exo-Apt), and its targeting ability and cytotoxicity towards cancer cells were investigated., Results: Encapsulation efficiency of SN38 into exosomes (58%) was significantly increased using our novel combination method. Furthermore, the in vitro results were indicative of the great cellular uptake of SN38/Exo-Apt and its significant cytotoxicity on Mucin 1 overexpressing cells (C26 cancer cells) without noticeable cytotoxicity on normal cells (CHO cells)., Conclusion: The results propose that our approach developed an efficient method for loading SN38 as a hydrophobic drug into exosomes and decorating them with MUC1 aptamer against Mucin 1 overexpressing cells. So, SN38/Exo-Apt could be considered a great platform in the future for the therapy of colorectal cancer., Competing Interests: No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

The remarkable properties of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have resulted in their increased research interest and prompted the use of various strategies to enhance their mechanical properties. In this study, the effects of Mo on the hot compressive deformation behavior of carbon-containing FeMn 40 Co 10 Cr 10 HEAs in the temperature range of 800-1000°C and strain rate of 0.001-0.1 s -1 was investigated. The microstructural evolutilon and phase structure were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction. The effects of strain, strain rate, and deformation temperature on the thermally activated deformation restoration process of the Fe 39.5 Mn 40 Co 10 Cr 10 C 0.5 and Fe 38.3 Mn 40 Co 10 Cr 10 C 0.5 Mo 1.7 HEAs during hot compression were represented by the Zener-Hollomon parameter. Dynamic recrystallization was initiated at 800°C with the strain rate of 0.001-0.1 s -1 . The precipitation of the M 23 C 6 carbide along the grain boundaries and within the matrix exerted a strong pinning effect on the grain/subgrain boundaries and promoted dynamic recrystallization through the particle-stimulated nucleation of recrystallization. Moreover, the addition of Mo to the Fe 39.5 Mn 40 Co 10 Cr 10 C 0.5 HEA changed the dynamic recrystallization mechanism by reducing the stacking fault energy and enhancing the reverse f c c ↔ h c p phase transformation. The heterogeneous microstructure composed of ultrafine, fine, and larger grains in the Fe 38.3 Mn 40 Co 10 Cr 10 C 0.5 Mo 1.7 HEA could be obtained by the nucleation of new recrystallized grains at large deformed grain boundaries adjacent to the first necklace structures and shear bands., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2023 The Author(s). Published by National Institute for Materials Science in partnership with Taylor & Francis Group.)

A 33-year-old female presented with lethargy due to multidrug toxicity. At physical examination, both gluteal regions showed brown patchy scars. The atrophic scars surrounding necrotic lesions were round and brown in appearance, and gluteal mass had gradually been lost. The patient disclosed using intramuscular ketamine injections for 3.5 years along with smoking hashish, alcohol use, intranasal use of methamphetamine (sniffing), and oral use of methadone. Since recreational drug use can affect multiple organs, dermatologists should be familiar with the dermatologic features of intravenous or intramuscular injecting drug use., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Hydatid cyst, caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus , is one of the most severe cestode infections occurring in Iran. The liver is the most commonly involved organ. The present study was carried out to review the demographic of 20 years surgically treated hydatic cysts., Methods: Ninety-eight patients were enrolled in the study. Demographic features, time of surgery, cyst size, and albendazole usage have been reviewed from the medical records of patients in Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2001 to 2021. Statistical analysis was performed to find any correlation between the uses of concurrent albendazole with surgical procedure., Results: Of 98 patients with hydatid cyst, 57 (58.2%) were female. The mean age of patients was 39.4 ±18.7 yrs, and the mean surgery time was 217.5 ± 81.4 minutes. Regarding the infection site, the liver (60.2%) and lungs (22.4%) were the most affected organs, respectively. 56.1% of patients had one cyst, and 42.9 % had two or more cysts. 20.4% of them had taken albendazole before surgery, but 86.7 % took it after the operation. No recurrent cysts were seen among 91.8% of them, but 8.2% mentioned suffering from a recurrent cyst. 85.7% of those recurrent cases did not receive albendazole before surgery, and 75% of recurrent cases after surgery did not take albendazole ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Administration of albendazole before and after the operation was significantly related to reduced recurrence, bleeding, morbidity, and even the time of surgery., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2023 Mahmoodi et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)