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1. Richness, not evenness, varies across water availability gradients in grassy biomes on five continents

Author

Smith, Melinda D., Koerner, Sally E., Avolio, Meghan L., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Eby, Stephanie, Forrestel, Elisabeth J., Collins, Scott L., Wilcox, Kevin R., Ahumada, Rodrigo, Morgan, John W., Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Overbeck, Gerhard E., Peter, Guadalupe, Quiroga, Emiliano, Sankaran, Mahesh, Wu, Jianshuang, Yahdjian, Laura, and Yu, Qiang

Published
2022
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2. Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity

Author

Koerner, Sally E, Smith, Melinda D, Burkepile, Deron E, Hanan, Niall P, Avolio, Meghan L, Collins, Scott L, Knapp, Alan K, Lemoine, Nathan P, Forrestel, Elisabeth J, Eby, Stephanie, Thompson, Dave I, Aguado-Santacruz, Gerardo A, Anderson, John P, Anderson, T Michael, Angassa, Ayana, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Elisabeth S, Bastin, Gary, Baur, Lauren E, Beard, Karen H, Beever, Erik A, Bohlen, Patrick J, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Canestro, Don, Cesa, Ariela, Chaneton, Enrique, Cheng, Jimin, D’Antonio, Carla M, Deleglise, Claire, Dembélé, Fadiala, Dorrough, Josh, Eldridge, David J, Fernandez-Going, Barbara, Fernández-Lugo, Silvia, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Freedman, Bill, García-Salgado, Gonzalo, Goheen, Jacob R, Guo, Liang, Husheer, Sean, Karembé, Moussa, Knops, Johannes MH, Kraaij, Tineke, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Kytöviita, Minna-Maarit, Lezama, Felipe, Loucougaray, Gregory, Loydi, Alejandro, Milchunas, Dan G, Milton, Suzanne J, Morgan, John W, Moxham, Claire, Nehring, Kyle C, Olff, Han, Palmer, Todd M, Rebollo, Salvador, Riginos, Corinna, Risch, Anita C, Rueda, Marta, Sankaran, Mahesh, Sasaki, Takehiro, Schoenecker, Kathryn A, Schultz, Nick L, Schütz, Martin, Schwabe, Angelika, Siebert, Frances, Smit, Christian, Stahlheber, Karen A, Storm, Christian, Strong, Dustin J, Su, Jishuai, Tiruvaimozhi, Yadugiri V, Tyler, Claudia, Val, James, Vandegehuchte, Martijn L, Veblen, Kari E, Vermeire, Lance T, Ward, David, Wu, Jianshuang, Young, Truman P, Yu, Qiang, and Zelikova, Tamara Jane

Subjects
Life Below Water, Animals, Biodiversity, Desert Climate, Grassland, Herbivory, Mammals, Plants
Abstract

Herbivores alter plant biodiversity (species richness) in many of the world's ecosystems, but the magnitude and the direction of herbivore effects on biodiversity vary widely within and among ecosystems. One current theory predicts that herbivores enhance plant biodiversity at high productivity but have the opposite effect at low productivity. Yet, empirical support for the importance of site productivity as a mediator of these herbivore impacts is equivocal. Here, we synthesize data from 252 large-herbivore exclusion studies, spanning a 20-fold range in site productivity, to test an alternative hypothesis-that herbivore-induced changes in the competitive environment determine the response of plant biodiversity to herbivory irrespective of productivity. Under this hypothesis, when herbivores reduce the abundance (biomass, cover) of dominant species (for example, because the dominant plant is palatable), additional resources become available to support new species, thereby increasing biodiversity. By contrast, if herbivores promote high dominance by increasing the abundance of herbivory-resistant, unpalatable species, then resource availability for other species decreases reducing biodiversity. We show that herbivore-induced change in dominance, independent of site productivity or precipitation (a proxy for productivity), is the best predictor of herbivore effects on biodiversity in grassland and savannah sites. Given that most herbaceous ecosystems are dominated by one or a few species, altering the competitive environment via herbivores or by other means may be an effective strategy for conserving biodiversity in grasslands and savannahs globally.

Published
2018

17. Herbivore size matters for productivity–richness relationships in A frican savannas

Author

Burkepile, Deron E., primary, Fynn, Richard W. S., additional, Thompson, Dave I., additional, Lemoine, Nathan P., additional, Koerner, Sally E., additional, Eby, Stephanie, additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Wilcox, Kevin R., additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Knapp, Alan K., additional, and Smith, Melinda D., additional

Published
2017
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18. Responses of diversity and dominance to grazing. A global analysis

Author

Koerner, Sally, Smith, Melinda, Burkepile, Deron, Anderson, Mike, Avolio, Meghan, Eby, Stephanie, Forrestel, Elisabeth, Lemoine, Nathan, Thompson, Dave, Aguado-Santacruz, Gerardo, Anderson, John, Angassa, Ayana, Ariela, Cesa, Augustine, David, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Elisabeth, Bastin, Gary, Bond, William, Chaneton, Enrique, Cheng, Jimin, Dean, Sue, Deleglise, Claire, Dembele, Fadiala, Dorrough, Josh, Fernández-Lugo, Silvia, Fraser, Lauchlan, Freedman, Bill, Goheen, Jake, Guo, Liang, Hanan, Niall, Husheer, Sean, Karembe, Moussa, Knops, Jean, Krajj, Tineke, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Kytöviita, Minna-Maarit, Lezama, Felipe, Loucougaray, Gregory, Loydi, Alejandro, Milchunas, Dan, Morgan, John, Moxham, Claire, Nehring, Kyle, Olff, Hans, Pringle, Robert, Riginos, Corinna, Risch, Anita, Ritchie, Mark, Rueda, Marta, Sankaran, Mahesh, Sasaki, Takehiro, Schuetz, Martin, Schultz, Nick, Schwabe-Kratochwil, Angelika, Siebert, Frances, Smit, Chris, STORM, Christian, Strong, Dustin, Su, Jishuai, Todd, Simon, Veblen, Kari, Vermeire, Lance, Ward, David, Wu, Jianshuang, Young, Truman, Yu, Qiang, Zelikova, Jane, University of North Carolina [Greensboro] (UNCG), University of North Carolina System (UNC), DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY FORT COLLINS COLORADO USA, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Marine Science Institute [Santa Barbara] (MSI), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Technology Institute Roque (Instituto Tecnológico de Roque), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Science [Bangalore] (IISc Bangalore), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiologicas y Ecologicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía [Buenos Aires], Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Agroscope, New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Dalhousie University [Halifax], INSTITUT D'ECONOMIE RURALE BAMAKO MLI, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Utah State University (USU), Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), University of Groningen [Groningen], University of Wyoming (UW), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Yokohama National University, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Federation University [Churchill, Australia], Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University [South Aftrica] (NWU), Northwestern University [Evanston], Dundalk Institute of Technology (DkIT), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), and University of California

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

20. Fire frequency drives habitat selection by a diverse herbivore guild impacting top-down control of plant communities in an African savanna

Author

Burkepile, Deron E., primary, Thompson, Dave I., additional, Fynn, Richard W. S., additional, Koerner, Sally E., additional, Eby, Stephanie, additional, Govender, Navashni, additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Lemoine, Nathan P., additional, Matchett, Katherine J., additional, Wilcox, Kevin R., additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Knapp, Alan K., additional, and Smith, Melinda D., additional

Published
2016
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25. The impacts of burning on Thomson's gazelles', Gazella thomsonii, vigilance in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.

Author

Eby, Stephanie and Ritchie, Mark E.

Subjects
*GAZELLES, *THOMSON'S gazelle, *HABITAT modification, *PREDATION, *SAVANNAS, *SAVANNA ecology
Abstract

Alterations to habitats that increase the distance at which prey can detect predators can decrease the risk of predation. In grasslands, burning may have this effect for mammalian herbivores by decreasing vegetation height, potentially making burned areas safer habitats. However, few studies have tested the impacts of burning on the perceived predation risk of herbivores. Vigilance can be used as a measure of habitat safety and therefore should be lower in burned areas than unburned areas. We tested the impacts of prescribed burning on vigilance by Thomson's gazelles in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Both individual vigilance, proportion of time an individual spends looking, and group vigilance, proportion of a group looking, of Thomson's gazelles was observed in burned and unburned areas before and after presenting a model cheetah to each group. Surprisingly, both individual and group vigilance was the same in both habitats pre- and post-cheetah addition and removal. This is despite the fact that both vegetation height and biomass were lower in burned areas than unburned areas. Thus, it does not appear that Thomson's gazelles perceive burned areas to be safer habitats than unburned areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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