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Responding to the last New Chaucer Society: Pedagogy and Profession issue on the Pandemic, Siân Echard reflects on her experiences as an educator and member of the academy in times of the pandemic.

ObjectivesSpontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is frequently complicated by subacute subdural hematoma (SDH) and more rarely by bilateral thalamic ischemia. Here, we report a case of SIH-related SDH treated with three epidural patches (EPs), with follow-up of the intracranial pressure and lumbar intrathecal pressure.MethodsA 46-year-old man presented bilateral thalamic ischemia, then a growing SDH. After failure of urgent surgical evacuation, he underwent three saline EPs, two dynamic myelography examinations and one digital subtraction angiography–phlebography examination. However, because of no dural tear and no obstacle to the venous drainage of the vein of Galen, no therapeutic procedure was available, and the patient died.ResultsThe case exhibited a progressive increase in the transmission of lumbar intrathecal pressure to intracranial pressure during the three EPs. The EPs may have successfully treated the SIH, but the patient did not recover consciousness because of irreversible damage to both thalami.ConclusionClinicians should be aware of the bilateral thalamic ischemia picture that may be the presenting sign of SIH. Moreover, the key problem in the pathophysiology of SIH seems to be intraspinal and intracranial volumes rather than pressures. Therefore, intracranial hypotension syndrome might actually be an intraspinal hypovolume syndrome.

IL-17A is a critical proinflammatory cytokine for the pathogenesis of asthma including neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. In this study, by cell type-specific deletion of IL-17R and adaptor Act1, we demonstrated that IL-17R/Act1 exerts a direct impact on the contraction of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Mechanistically, IL-17A induced the recruitment of Rab35 (a small monomeric GTPase) and DennD1C (guanine nucleotide exchange factor [GEF]) to the IL-17R/Act1 complex in ASMCs, resulting in activation of Rab35. Rab35 knockdown showed that IL-17A-induced Rab35 activation was essential for protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activation and phosphorylation of fascin at Ser39 in ASMCs, allowing F-actin to interact with myosin to form stress fibers and enhance the contraction induced by methacholine. PKCα inhibitor or Rab35 knockdown indeed substantially reduced IL-17A-induced stress fiber formation in ASMCs and attenuated IL-17A-enhanced, methacholine-induced contraction of airway smooth muscle. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-17A promotes airway smooth muscle contraction via direct recruitment of Rab35 to IL-17R, followed by PKCα activation and stress fiber formation.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) neutralize HIV-1 and exert Fc-dependent activities against infected cells. Here, Dufloo et al. show that bNAbs also block HIV-1 release by trapping viral particles at the surface of infected cells.

Cytokinetic abscission leads to the physical cut of the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting the daughter cells and concludes cell division. In different animal cells, it is well established that the ESCRT-III machinery is responsible for the constriction and scission of the ICB. Here, we review the mechanical context of abscission. We first summarize the evidence that the ICB is initially under high tension and explain why, paradoxically, this can inhibit abscission in epithelial cells by impacting on ESCRT-III assembly. We next detail the different mechanisms that have been recently identified to release ICB tension and trigger abscission. Finally, we discuss whether traction-induced mechanical cell rupture could represent an ancient alternative mechanism of abscission and suggest future research avenues to further understand the role of mechanics in regulating abscission.

Many enveloped viruses bud from the plasma membrane that is tightly associated with a dense and thick actin cortex. This actin network represents a significant challenge for membrane deformation and scission, and how it is remodeled during the late steps of the viral cycle is largely unknown. Using superresolution microscopy, we show that HIV-1 buds in areas of the plasma membrane with low cortical F-actin levels. We find that the cellular oxidoreductase MICAL1 locally depolymerizes actin at budding sites to promote HIV-1 budding and release. Upon MICAL1 depletion, F-actin abnormally remains at viral budding sites, incompletely budded viruses accumulate at the plasma membrane and viral release is impaired. Remarkably, normal viral release can be restored in MICAL1-depleted cells by inhibiting Arp2/3-dependent branched actin networks. Mechanistically, we find that MICAL1 directly disassembles branched-actin networks and controls the timely recruitment of the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport scission machinery during viral budding. In addition, the MICAL1 activator Rab35 is recruited at budding sites, functions in the same pathway as MICAL1, and is also required for viral release. This work reveals a role for oxidoreduction in triggering local actin depolymerization to control HIV-1 budding, a mechanism that may be widely used by other viruses. The debranching activity of MICAL1 could be involved beyond viral budding in various other cellular functions requiring local plasma membrane deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is an inherited peripheral neuropathy. Here, the authors show that Rab35 forms a complex with genes implicated in CMT, MTMR13 and MTMR2, which regulates myelin growth by controlling mTORC1 signaling through lipid turnover.

ESCRT filaments drive the final abscission between two daughter cells but how they physically interact with the membrane is unclear. Using proteomics, the authors show that syndecan-4/syntenin/ALIX couples the ESCRT machinery to the abscission site and thus promotes efficient abscission.

Las competencias socioemocionales son un elemento clave en la formación docente. En este contexto, el objetivo es analizar las percepciones sobre estas competencias de los profesores en formación en la construcción de la identidad profesional. La metodología es mixta de tipo secuencial exploratorio, transversal y con alcance descriptivo. El componente cualitativo recurre al análisis documental y a las entrevistas en profundidad para identificar y categorizar las percepciones sobre las habilidades socioemocionales. El componente cuantitativo se desarrolla mediante la aplicación y análisis de la escala de Rasgo de Metaconocimiento de los Estados Emocionales validada para el español y administrada a la totalidad de los estudiantes de la cohorte 2020. Los resultados, obtenidos a partir de información concurrente, indican que estas competencias están asociadas con experiencias y creencias diversas, las que facilitan u obstaculizan el desempeño profesional en el aula. Implicancias para las trayectorias estudiantiles son discutidas.

History has shown effective training techniques can produce significant business results especially in customer service, product development, and capability in obtaining new skill sets. This linkage of training to business strategy has given many businesses the needed competitive edge in today's global market. In today's technology age, information and communication processing is easier than before and many times more cost effective. It is only logical for businesses to incorporate distance training and etraining to reach their training objectives. The key to utilizing these methods is how to sustain the programs without diminishing the results of the training goals. Quality management initiatives provide a feasible path for incorporating distance training, whether via the Internet, audio conferencing, video conferencing, or postal delivering methods. This paper will explore the manifestations of quality management processes on sustaining distance training in a business environment.