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1. Jumping Evaluation of Nested Regular Path Queries

Author: Azimov, Rustam, Niehren, Joachim, Salvati, Sylvain, Linking Dynamic Data (LINKS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 18-11-00100., Saint Petersburg State University [SPBU], Linking Dynamic Data [LINKS], Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Computational Complexity, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Computer Science - Databases, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, InformationSystems_DATABASEMANAGEMENT, Databases (cs.DB), Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS), Computational Complexity (cs.CC), Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
Abstract: Nested regular path queries are used for querying graph databases and RDF triple stores. We propose a new algorithm for evaluating nested regular path queries on a graph from a set of start nodes in combined linear time. We show that this complexity upper bound can be reduced by making it dependent on the size of the query's top-down needed subgraph, a notion that we introduce. For many queries in practice, the top-down needed subgraph is way smaller than the whole graph. Our algorithm is based on a novel compilation schema from nested regular path queries to monadic datalog queries. Its complexity upper bound follows from known properties of top-down datalog evaluation. As an application, we show that our algorithm permits to reformulate in simple terms a variant of a very efficient automata-based algorithm proposed by Maneth and Nguyen that evaluates navigational path queries in datatrees based on indexes and jumping. Moreover, it overcomes some limitations of Maneth and Nguyen's: it is not bound to trees and applies to graphs; it is not limited to forward navigational XPath but can treat any nested regular path query and it can be implemented efficiently without any dedicated techniques, by using any efficient datalog evaluator such as LogicBlox., In Proceedings ICLP 2022, arXiv:2208.02685
Published: 2022

2. Sliding mode control applied to a square-back Ahmed body

Author: Franck Kerhervé, Jean-Pierre Richard, Wafik Abassi, Laurent Keirsbulck, Marc Lippert, Maxime Feingesicht, Baptiste Plumjeau, Camila Chovet, Andrey Polyakov, Jean-Marc Foucaut, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 (LAMIH), Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Turbulence Incompressible et Contrôle (TIC ), Département Fluides, Thermique et Combustion (FTC), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems (VALSE), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides de Lille – Kampé de Fériet - UMR 9014 (LMFL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-ONERA-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille, Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille - FRE 3723 (LML), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 [LAMIH], Turbulence Incompressible et Contrôle [TIC ], Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems [VALSE], Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides de Lille – Kampé de Fériet - UMR 9014 [LMFL], Institut Pprime [PPRIME], Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 [CRIStAL], and Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille - FRE 3723 [LML]
Subjects: Computer science, bilinear time-delay model, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Sliding mode control, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], 010305 fluids & plasmas, External flow, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], flow control, sliding mode control, drag reduction unsteadiness of separated flows, 0203 mechanical engineering, Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, Aerodynamic drag, Trailing edge, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematical Physics, Mechanics, Lift (force), Flow control (fluid), 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Particle image velocimetry, Drag
Abstract: International audience; We consider the first closed-loop separation control experiment on an Ahmed body using a robust, model-based strategy called "sliding mode control" (SMC). The goal is to reduce and further maintain the aerodynamic drag of the square-back Ahmed body flow at Re h = 9 × 10 4 (based on the body height). This study also investigates the practical feasibility of this approach which shows a great promise for industrial applications. The flow is manipulated by a slotted jet placed on the top trailing edge, combined with a predefined angle direction, and sensed by a drag balance. Base pressure and lift measurements are also obtained in real-time. The interaction between the air jet actuator and the mean near-wake flow are depicted by means of Particle Image Velocimetry. In order to compare this closed-loop strategy we first present two open-loop ones. Continuous blowing is initially used to directly influence the recirculation area and hence achieve a reduction in the drag. Approximately a drag reduction of 8% is accomplished making this approach the "optimal case" control strategy. However, because steady blowing mechanisms lead to the highest energy consumption scheme, this strategy will only serve as the first open-loop control reference. The second open-loop strategy involves three periodic forcing frequencies, St A = 0.0765, 0.135 & 0.405. The influence of these frequencies on the near-wake, and its further drag modification, will be further examined. The proposed sliding mode control (closed-loop strategy) is applied to the same Ahmed body configuration and compared to the open-loop cases. It will be designed on the basis of a simplified input-output model which was recently defined for another flow control application. Last, a second experiment is conducted so to show the disturbance rejection of the controller, corroborating the robustness and efficiency of this control approach. Its limitations and difficulties on an experimental setup are also discussed. SMC is able to reduce and maintain the drag to a desire set-point regardless external flow perturbations. Our control strategy was recently used in another context (flow reattachement on a wing) with the same robustness. These successes make guess it is applicable to multiple experimental and industrial contexts.
Published: 2020
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3. Anisotropic Soft Robots Based on 3D Printed Meso-Structured Materials: Design, Modeling by Homogenization and Simulation

Author: Olivier Goury, Jonàs Martínez, Hervé Delingette, Christian Duriez, Sylvain Lefebvre, Felix Vanneste, Deformable Robots Simulation Team (DEFROST ), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geometry and Lighting (ALICE), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Algorithms, Computation, Image and Geometry (LORIA - ALGO), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matter from Graphics (MFX), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Hauts de France Region, SOFA, ANR-17-CE10-0002,MuFFin,Microstructures procedurales et stochastiques pour la fabrication fonctionnelle(2017), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Department of Algorithms, Computation, Image and Geometry (LORIA - ALGO), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Nancy - Grand Est, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, 3d printed, Kinematics, Control and Optimization, Computer science, Additive Manufacturing, Simulation and Animation, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Materials design, Homogenization (chemistry), 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Artificial Intelligence, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], Anisotropy, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Mechanical Engineering, Stiffness, 020207 software engineering, Soft Robot Applications, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Finite element method, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Control and Systems Engineering, Robot, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, medicine.symptom, Soft Robot Materials and Design
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we propose to use new 3D-printed meso-structured materials to build soft robots and we present a modeling pipeline for design assistance and control. These meta-materials can be programmed before printing to target specific mechanical properties, in particular heterogeneous stiffness and anisotropic behaviour. Without changing the external shape, we show that using such meta-material can lead to a dramatic change in the kinematics of the robot. This highlights the importance of modeling. Therefore, to help the design and to control soft robots made of these meso-structured materials, we present a modeling method based on numerical homogenization and Finite Element Method (FEM) that captures the anisotropic deformations. The method is tested on a 3 axis parallel soft robot initially made of silicone. We demonstrate the change in kinematics when the robot is built with meso-structured materials and compare its behavior with modeling results.
Published: 2020
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4. Pharo with Style

Author: Ducasse, Stéphane, Analyses and Languages Constructs for Object-Oriented Application Evolution (RMOD), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analyses and Languages Constructs for Object-Oriented Application Evolution [RMOD], and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-PL]Computer Science [cs]/Programming Languages [cs.PL], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Pharo is a modern, dynamically-typed, reflective, and pure object- oriented programming language. It offers strong productivity via a fully live programming environment. It supports Xtreme TDD, a powerful development technique that puts live objects at the center of the coding experience. More information at http : // www. pharo. org. Pharoers are used to say that programmers will never program the same once they coded seriously in Pharo.Learning Pharo is easy. Software developers learn Pharo in a couple of days. In addition, you can follow an excellent online free lecture available at : http : //mooc. pharo. org. Now programming is not only code logic but communicating with other developers via code. Pharo with Style, intended for both students and developers, defines a list of guidelines to help you writing better communicating code.Pharo with Style will bring you fast to the next level : You will code like the pros.
Published: 2022

5. Supplementary material to the paper The VoicePrivacy 2020 Challenge: Results and findings

Author: Tomashenko, Natalia, Wang, Xin, Vincent, Emmanuel, Patino, Jose, Srivastava, Brij Mohan Lal, Noé, Paul-Gauthier, Nautsch, Andreas, Evans, Nicholas, Yamagishi, Junichi, O'Brien, Benjamin, Chanclu, Anaïs, Bonastre, Jean-François, Todisco, Massimiliano, Maouche, Mohamed, Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon (LIA), Avignon Université (AU)-Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Informatique - CERI, National Institute of Informatics (NII), Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], Machine Learning in Information Networks (MAGNET), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Edinburgh, Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-18-CE23-0018,DEEP-PRIVACY,Apprentissage distribué, personnalisé, préservant la privacité pour le traitement de la parole(2018), ANR-18-JSTS-0001,VoicePersonae,Clonage et protection de l'identité vocale(2018), ANR-19-DATA-0008,Harpocrates,Open data, outils et challenges pour l'anonymisation des voix(2019), European Project: 825081,H2020,COMPRISE(2018), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Informatique - CERI-Avignon Université (AU), Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: metrics, voice conversion, speech synthesis, utility, automatic speech recognition, attack model, privacy, speaker verification, anonymization, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: Supplementary material to the paper "The VoicePrivacy 2020 Challenge: Results and findings" (https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03332224) submitted to CSL.; The VoicePrivacy 2020 Challenge focuses on developing anonymization solutions for speech technology. This report complements the summary results and analyses presented by Tomashenko et al. (2021). After quickly recalling the challenge design and the submitted anonymization systems, we provide more detailed results and analyses. First, we present objective evaluation results for the primary challenge metrics and for alternative metrics and attack models, and we compare them with each other. Second, we present subjective evaluation results for speaker verifiability, speech naturalness, and speech intelligibility. Finally, we compare these objective and subjective evaluation results with each other.
Published: 2021

6. The VoicePrivacy 2020 Challenge: Results and findings

Author: Natalia Tomashenko, Xin Wang, Emmanuel Vincent, Jose Patino, Brij Mohan Lal Srivastava, Paul-Gauthier Noé, Andreas Nautsch, Nicholas Evans, Junichi Yamagishi, Benjamin O’Brien, Anaïs Chanclu, Jean-François Bonastre, Massimiliano Todisco, Mohamed Maouche, Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon (LIA), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Informatique - CERI-Avignon Université (AU), National Institute of Informatics (NII), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], Machine Learning in Information Networks (MAGNET), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Edinburgh, Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-18-CE23-0018,DEEP-PRIVACY,Apprentissage distribué, personnalisé, préservant la privacité pour le traitement de la parole(2018), ANR-18-JSTS-0001,VoicePersonae,Clonage et protection de l'identité vocale(2018), ANR-19-DATA-0008,Harpocrates,Open data, outils et challenges pour l'anonymisation des voix(2019), European Project: 825081,H2020,COMPRISE(2018), Avignon Université (AU)-Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Informatique - CERI, Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Sound (cs.SD), Computer Science - Computation and Language, voice conversion, automatic speech recognition, attack model, privacy, Computer Science - Sound, Theoretical Computer Science, anonymization, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Human-Computer Interaction, metrics, speech synthesis, Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS), utility, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computation and Language (cs.CL), speaker verification, Software, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract: This paper presents the results and analyses stemming from the first VoicePrivacy 2020 Challenge which focuses on developing anonymization solutions for speech technology. We provide a systematic overview of the challenge design with an analysis of submitted systems and evaluation results. In particular, we describe the voice anonymization task and datasets used for system development and evaluation. Also, we present different attack models and the associated objective and subjective evaluation metrics. We introduce two anonymization baselines and provide a summary description of the anonymization systems developed by the challenge participants. We report objective and subjective evaluation results for baseline and submitted systems. In addition, we present experimental results for alternative privacy metrics and attack models developed as a part of the post-evaluation analysis. Finally, we summarize our insights and observations that will influence the design of the next VoicePrivacy challenge edition and some directions for future voice anonymization research., Comment: Submitted to the Special Issue on Voice Privacy (Computer Speech and Language Journal - Elsevier); under review
Published: 2021
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7. Online Estimation and Compensation of Back-Electromotive Forces for Synchronous Reluctance Machine

Author: Xavier Brun, Laurent Schuller, Romain Delpoux, Jean-Yves Gauthier, Ampère, Département Automatique pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes (AIS), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Non-Asymptotic estimation for online systems (NON-A), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Ferroélectricité (LGEF), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Laboratoire d'Automatique Industrielle (LAI)
Subjects: Observer (quantum physics), Electromotive force, Computer science, Magnetic reluctance, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Back-Electromotive Forces, Magnetic flux, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Compensation (engineering), Inductance, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Control theory, disturbances rejection, Magnet, Electronics, Synchronous Reluctance machine, [SHS.CLASS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Classical studies, ReMa model
Abstract: International audience; The synchronous reluctance machine is a promising technology in the electrical machine market. They are now considered in various applications such as transportation or industries. Despite the lack of magnet in such machines, a small residual flux may remains in the ferromagnetic material. This residual flux produces back-electromotive forces as the machine rotates. In this paper, two methods are proposed to determine the back-electromotive forces of the machine online. One is based on the measurements of the short-circuit currents, the other utilizes a linear disturbances observer. The estimations of the back-electromotive forces are then used in the control of the machine in order to compensate their undesirable effects such as current ripples. Both techniques require only the knowledge of the speed and classical electrical parameters of the machine. Experimental results are shown to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Published: 2021
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8. On Homogeneous Approximations, Stability and Robustness of Infinite Dimensional Systems

Author: Polyakov, Andrey, Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems (VALSE), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering
Abstract: The paper generalizes the concept of homogeneous approximations to a class of unbounded operators satisfying certain regularity assumptions. Stability and robustness of locally homogeneous abstract control systems are studied. The viscous Burgers equation and its nonlinear modifications are considered as illustrative examples.
Published: 2021

9. Reaction Networks to Boolean Networks

Author: Allart, Emilie, Niehren, Joachim, Versari, Cristian, Université de Lille, BioComputing, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Linking Dynamic Data (LINKS), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL)
Subjects: Sign abstraction, Computer Science::Programming Languages, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], abstract interpretation, Computer Science::Computational Complexity, Reaction networks, Linear equation systems, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Systems biology, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN, Boolean networks
Abstract: We study the problem of how to convert reaction networks into boolean networks. We start from the sign abstraction of the ODE semantics of reaction network, and show that it can be captured by a quasi-boolean network, a generalization of boolean networks that we introduce. We then show that any quasi-boolean networks can be converted into a boolean networks by using John’s overapproximation. We then apply a recent rewriting algorithm base on elementary modes to make the linear equation system exact with respect to the boolean abstraction, for improving the precision of the conversion of quasi-boolean to boolean networks, also in the general nonlinear case. Thereby we improve our compiler from reaction networks to boolean networks as well.
Published: 2021

10. State Observation of LTV Systems with Delayed Measurements: A Parameter Estimation-based Approach with Fixed Convergence Time

Author: Denis Efimov, Nikolay Nikolaev, Alexey A. Bobtsov, Romeo Ortega, ITMO University [Russia], Hangzhou Dianzi University (HDU), Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems (VALSE), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation, passport of goszadanie n° 2019-0898., and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, Observer (quantum physics), Estimation theory, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 02 engineering and technology, State (functional analysis), Extension (predicate logic), [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Mixing (mathematics), Control and Systems Engineering, Simple (abstract algebra), Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Applied mathematics, Linear time-varying systems, State observer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, state observer, delay systems, parameter estimation, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; In this paper we address the problem of state observation of linear time-varying (LTV) systems with delayed measurements, which has attracted the attention of many researchers—see Sanz et al. (2019) and references therein. We show that, the parameter estimation-based observer (PEBO) design proposed in Ortega et al., 2021, Ortega et al., 2015 provides a very simple solution to the problem with reduced prior knowledge. Moreover, when PEBO is combined with the dynamic regressor extension and mixing (DREM) estimation technique (Aranovskiy et al., 2017, Ortega et al., 2019), the estimated state converges in fixed-time with extremely weak excitation assumptions.
Published: 2021
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11. Rotten Green Tests in Java, Pharo and Python

Author: Aranega, Vincent, Delplanque, Julien, Martinez, Matias, Black, Andrew, Ducasse, Stéphane, Etien, A, Fuhrman, Christopher, Polito, Guillermo, Analyses and Languages Constructs for Object-Oriented Application Evolution (RMOD), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 (LAMIH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Department of Computer Science [Portland] (CS), Portland State University [Portland] (PSU), Ecole de Technologie Supérieure [Montréal] (ETS), and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Rotten Green Tests, Empirical Study, [INFO.INFO-PL]Computer Science [cs]/Programming Languages [cs.PL], Testing, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Software Quality
Abstract: International audience; Rotten Green Tests are tests that pass, but not because the assertions they contain are true: a rotten test passes because some or all of its assertions are not actually executed. The presence of a rotten green test is a test smell, and a bad one, because the existence of a test gives us false confidence that the code under test is valid, when in fact that code may not have been tested at all. This article reports on an empirical evaluation of the tests in a corpus of projects found in the wild. We selected approximately one hundred mature projects written in each of Java, Pharo, and Python. We looked for rotten green tests in each project, taking into account test helper methods, inherited helpers, and trait composition. Previous work has shown the presence of rotten green tests in Pharo projects; the results reported here show that they are also present in Java and Python projects, and that they fall into similar categories. Furthermore, we found code bugs that were hidden by rotten tests in Pharo and Python. We also discuss two test smells-missed fail and missed skip-that arise from the misuse of testing frameworks, and which we observed in tests written in all three languages.
Published: 2021
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12. Electrical and thermal analysis of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs transferred onto diamond substrate through an aluminum nitride layer

Author: Jean-Guy Tartarin, Yannick Guhel, Marie Lesecq, Etienne Okada, Bertrand Boudart, Mahmoud Abou Daher, Jean Claude De Jaeger, Nicolas Defrance, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Puissance - IEMN (PUISSANCE - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN (PCMP - IEMN), Equipe Electronique - Laboratoire GREYC - UMR6072, Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg (LUSAC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), This work was supported by the certified CMNF and the PCMP platforms from Lille University (IEMN) and by the RENATECH network., Renatech Network, PCMP CHOP, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image, Automatique et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)
Subjects: Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Algan gan, 02 engineering and technology, High-electron-mobility transistor, Nitride, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal analysis, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Diamond, AlGaN/GaN HEMT, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Diamond substrate, chemistry, engineering, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, electrical and thermal analysis of short gate length AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors) transferred onto diamond substrate through aluminum nitride (AlN) layer are provided. The specific transfer technology uses sputtered AlN as bonding layer. An improvement in maximum DC current density of 14% is observed after transfer on the diamond substrate, with attractive RF performances as well. Lag effects are evaluated thanks to pulsed measurement. Thermal analysis is also proposed to quantify the effects of bonding on self-heating. Both electrical and thermal characterizations are used as markers to evaluate the impact of the transfer process on the developed HEMT.
Published: 2021
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13. Complex refractive indices in the TeraHertz domain of samples from atmospheric aerosol sources

Author: D. Hourlier, Hervé Herbin, Alexandre Deguine, Guillaume Ducournau, Karine Deboudt, J. Bichon, Denis Petitprez, S. Eliet, Romain Peretti, Melanie Lavancier, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - IEMN (Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, UPHF) (IEMN - UMR 8520), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EPItaxie et PHYsique des hétérostructures - IEMN (EPIPHY - IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Photonique THz - IEMN (PHOTONIQUE THZ - IEMN), Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN (PCMP - IEMN), We sincerely thank our colleagues Valentine Bizet from the PC2A for the resuspension of particles and Christophe Boyaval from the IEMN for the SEM analysis. Funding for the present work was provided by the French National Research Agency (ANR-20-CE42-0002 STEPSON). The authors very much appreciated the support by the CaPPA project (Chemical and Physical Properties of the Atmosphere) funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the PIA (Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir) under contract « ANR-11-LABX-0005-01 ». The authors would also like to thank the 'Hauts-de-France' Region and the Ministry of Higher Education and Research (CPER IRenE), as well as the European Fund for Regional Economic Development, for their financial support., PCMP CHOP, Renatech Network, ANR-20-CE42-0002,STEPSON,Spectromètre TeraHertz en domaine temporel pour la détermination de propriétés optiques de micro et nano-particules en suspension dans l'air en environnement contrôlé(2020), ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université de Bordeaux [UB], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 [PC2A], EPItaxie et PHYsique des hétérostructures - IEMN [EPIPHY - IEMN], Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère [LPCA], and Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents [LPCML]
Subjects: powders, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Terahertz radiation, terahertz wave spectra, Pellets, Analytical chemistry, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, Polycarbonate, Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, polymers, Filtration, filtration, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, calcium compounds, refractive index, business.industry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, X-ray chemical analysis, Photonics, business, Refractive index, aerosols, crystal morphology, scanning electron microscopy
Abstract: oral session Spectroscopy/Gas phase spectroscopy 1; International audience; We report the TeraHertz (THz) characterization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles, one of the major components of desert dust, to determine the real and imaginary parts of their complex refractive indices. The optical characterization is done by TeraHertz Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technique. CaCO3 powders are diluted with High Density PolyEthylene (PE) at different concentrations (0.1% to 75% of CaCO3) and compressed in pellets. Time-traces are then fitted using the Fit@TDS algorithm developed by Photonic TeraHertz group members, and the complex refractive indices are extracted. We support the optical characterization by a morphological characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) analysis after resuspension of particles and filtration on a polycarbonate 0.2 µm pore filter.
Published: 2021
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14. Surface micromachining of chip-edge silicon microcantilevers using xenon difluoride etching of silicon-on-insulator

Author: Dmitri Yarekha, Vanessa Avramovic, Thierry Melin, Thomas Lerond, Steve Arscott, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Centrale de Micro Nano Fabrication - IEMN (CMNF - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN (PCMP - IEMN), Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), Nano and Microsystems - IEMN (NAM6 - IEMN), The work was partly funded by the following projects: The IEMN-HORIBA Equipe Mixte Project, the TIPTOP_1 Project (ANR-16-CE09-0029), and the French RENATECH network., PCMP CHOP, Renatech Network, ANR-16-CE09-0029,TIPTOP_1,Fabrication de leviers de microscopie à force atomique pour des applications de spectroscopie Raman à exaltation de pointe(2016), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - IEMN (Univ. Lille, CNRS, Ecole Centrale Lille, Yncréa-ISEN, UVHC) (IEMN - UMR 8520), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - IEMN (Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, UPHF) (IEMN - UMR 8520), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, chemistry.chemical_element, Silicon on insulator, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Etching (microfabrication), 0103 physical sciences, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010302 applied physics, Microelectromechanical systems, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Xenon difluoride, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Surface micromachining, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Microfabrication
Abstract: International audience; We demonstrate a straightforward surface micromachining process for the rapid prototyping of thin 'chip-edge' silicon microcantilevers protruding from the edge of a silicon-on-insulator chip. The process uses a single photolithographic mask-with xenon difluoride used to both pattern the silicon microcantilevers and release them by etching part of the underlying silicon wafer. During the release step, the silicon microcantilevers are protected from the xenon difluoride by a combination of photoresist and buried silicon dioxide. The use of common microfabrication materials (silicon-on-insulator and positive photoresist) and chemicals (buffered hydrofluoric acid and xenon difluoride), along with a maximum process temperature of 100°C, makes for a generic, soft micromachining process which isin principle-compatible with preserving the integrity of any pre-patterned circuitry present on the silicon microcantilever top surface. Doppler vibrometry measurements of the silicon microcantilevers reveal a well-defined resonant frequency and a quality factor comparable with that of similar silicon microcantilevers fabricated using other means. Our enabling technological process allows the rapid prototyping of chip-edge silicon microcantilevers-potentially integrating sensitive circuitry for novel probe technologies-by avoiding the relatively cumbersome, expensive, and potentially circuitdamaging front-to-back processing/deep etching combination.
Published: 2021
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15. Computing Difference Abstractions of Linear Equation Systems

Author: Joachim Niehren, Emilie Allart, Cristian Versari, BioComputing, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Linking Dynamic Data (LINKS), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), and Université de Lille
Subjects: first-order definitions, constraint programming, Theoretical computer science, General Computer Science, Computer science, System of linear equations, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Theoretical Computer Science, Set (abstract data type), 03 medical and health sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Constraint programming, abstract interpretation, 030304 developmental biology, [INFO.INFO-SC]Computer Science [cs]/Symbolic Computation [cs.SC], 0303 health sciences, reaction networks, systems biology, Abstract interpretation, boolean abstraction, Nonlinear system, [MATH.MATH-LO]Mathematics [math]/Logic [math.LO], Exact algorithm, metabolic networks, gene knockout prediction, Computer Science::Programming Languages, synthetic biology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Heuristics, Linear equation
Abstract: Abstract interpretation was proposed for predicting changes of reaction networks with partial kinetic information in systems biology. This requires to compute the set of difference abstractions of a system of linear equations under nonlinear constraints. We present the first practical algorithm that can compute the difference abstractions of linear equation systems exactly. We also present a new heuristics based on minimal support consequences for overapproximating the set of difference abstractions. Our algorithms rely on elementary modes, first-order definitions, and finite domain constraint programming. We implemented our algorithms and applied them to change prediction in systems biology. It turns out experimentally that the new heuristics is often exact in practice, while outperforming the exact algorithm. This journal article extends on a paper published at the 17th International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology (CMSB'2019) [1] .
Published: 2021
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16. Capteur à gaz intégrée sur SOI pour la détéction photoacoustique aux fréquences THz, appliqué au contrôle de qualité alimentaire

Author: Akiki, Elias, Guillaume Ducournau, Mathias Vanwolleghem, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Photonique THz - IEMN [PHOTONIQUE THZ - IEMN], Photonique THz - IEMN (PHOTONIQUE THZ - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université de lille
Subjects: MEMS resonator, Photoacoustique, Photonique intégrée, TeraHertz, Guide d'onde, Integrated photonics, Gas Sensing, Capteur gaz, Spectroscopie TeraHertz, Crystal photonique, Résonateur MEMS, Calcul numérique, Résonateur acoustique, Numerical simulation, Food quality monitoring, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Photonic Crystals, Photoacoustic sensor, Waveguides, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Acoustic resonator
Abstract: In this thesis work, a photoacoustic THz gas sensor (operating in the 620-690 GHz band) used for monitoring Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs) in food packages is presented. This gas sensor is fabricated on low-loss THz High resistivity Silicon (HR-Si) waveguides. The design, modal analysis, and propagation losses of the suspended Si waveguide are discussed in detail. Highly competitive losses not exceeding 0.6 dB/cm in this band have been measured. Three different resonators: photonic, acoustic, and mechanical are at the origin of the gas sensor designs. They allow to triply enhance the detected photoacoustic signal and to reduce the minimum detection limit of the gas sensor. Photonic crystal (PhC) cavities representing the THz photonic resonator are created on top of the Si waveguide. The design optimization and experimental characterizations of several THz PhC cavities are presented in this work. This has led to a resonant PhC cavity at 640 GHz with a record Q factor of 18000. A central hole of the PhC cavity behaves as an acoustical resonator. It is covered by a stressed polycrystalline silicon (Poly-Si) membrane that corresponds to the mechanical resonator. Analytical analysis and experimental characterization measurements are performed to study these acousto-mechanical resonators. The combination of the above realizations has allowed us to demonstrate the first THz photoacoustic detection of low concentrations (200 ppm) of H2S molecules on an integratable platform. H2S being a crucial indicator of food spoilage, this work is therefore an important first step towards a real-time compact sensor technology, both for food quality control applications as well as environmental and biomedical ones.; Ce travail de thèse présente un capteur de gaz photoacoustique aux fréquences THz utilisé pour surveiller les composés organiques volatils (COV) dans les emballages alimentaires. Ce capteur de gaz est fabriqué sur un guide d'onde THz à faible perte en silicium à haute résistivité (HR-Si). La conception, l'analyse modale et les pertes de propagation du guide d'onde Si suspendu sont discutées en détail. Des pertes très compétitives ne dépassant pas 0,6 dB/cm dans cette bande ont été mesurées. Trois résonateurs différents : photonique, acoustique et mécanique sont à l'origine de la conception des capteurs de gaz. Ils permettent d'amplifier le signal photoacoustique détecté et de réduire la limite de détection minimale du capteur de gaz. Des cavités cristaux photoniques (PhC) représentant le résonateur photonique THz sont créées au-dessus du guide d'onde Si. L'optimisation du design et les caractérisations expérimentales de plusieurs cavités PhC THz sont présentées dans ce travail. Cela a conduit à une cavité PhC à 640 GHz avec un facteur Q record de 18000.Un trou central de la cavité PhC se comporte comme un résonateur acoustique. Il est recouvert d'une membrane de silicium polycristallin (Poly-Si) sous contrainte qui correspond au résonateur mécanique. Une analyse analytique et des mesures de caractérisation expérimentales sont effectuées pour étudier ces résonateurs acoustomécaniques. La combinaison des réalisations ci-dessus nous a permis de démontrer la première détection photoacoustique THz de faibles concentrations (200 ppm) de molécules H2S sur une plateforme intégrable. Le H2S étant un indicateur crucial de la dégradation alimentaire, ce travail est donc un premier pas important vers une technologie de capteur compact, temps réel, à la fois pour des applications de contrôle de qualité alimentaire et des applications environnementales et biomédicales.
Published: 2021

17. Capteur à gaz intégrée sur SOI pour la détéction photoacoustique aux fréquences THz, appliqué au contrôle de qualité alimentaire

Author: Akiki, Elias, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Photonique THz - IEMN (PHOTONIQUE THZ - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université de lille, Guillaume Ducournau, Mathias Vanwolleghem, Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université de Lille, PCMP CHOP, Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)
Subjects: MEMS resonator, Photoacoustique, Photonique intégrée, Integrated photonics, Silicon photonics, Photoacoustic, Numerical simulation, Crystal photonique, Résonateur MEMS, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Résonateur acoustique, Photonic Crystals, Photoacoustic sensor, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], TeraHertz, Guide d'onde, Gas Sensing, Capteur gaz, Spectroscopie TeraHertz, Food quality monitoring, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Waveguide, Calcul numérique, Waveguides, Acoustic resonator
Abstract: In this thesis work, a photoacoustic THz gas sensor (operating in the 620-690 GHz band) used for monitoring Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs) in food packages is presented. This gas sensor is fabricated on low-loss THz High resistivity Silicon (HR-Si) waveguides. The design, modal analysis, and propagation losses of the suspended Si waveguide are discussed in detail. Highly competitive losses not exceeding 0.6 dB/cm in this band have been measured. Three different resonators: photonic, acoustic, and mechanical are at the origin of the gas sensor designs. They allow to triply enhance the detected photoacoustic signal and to reduce the minimum detection limit of the gas sensor. Photonic crystal (PhC) cavities representing the THz photonic resonator are created on top of the Si waveguide. The design optimization and experimental characterizations of several THz PhC cavities are presented in this work. This has led to a resonant PhC cavity at 640 GHz with a record Q factor of 18000. A central hole of the PhC cavity behaves as an acoustical resonator. It is covered by a stressed polycrystalline silicon (Poly-Si) membrane that corresponds to the mechanical resonator. Analytical analysis and experimental characterization measurements are performed to study these acousto-mechanical resonators. The combination of the above realizations has allowed us to demonstrate the first THz photoacoustic detection of low concentrations (200 ppm) of H2S molecules on an integratable platform. H2S being a crucial indicator of food spoilage, this work is therefore an important first step towards a real time compact sensor technology, both for food quality control applications as well as environmental and biomedical ones.; Ce travail de thèse présente un capteur de gaz photoacoustique aux fréquences THz utilisé pour surveiller les composés organiques volatils (COV) dans les emballages alimentaires. Ce capteur de gaz est fabriqué sur un guide d'onde THz à faible perte en silicium à haute résistivité (HR-Si). La conception, l'analyse modale et les pertes de propagation du guide d'onde Si suspendu sont discutées en détail. Des pertes très compétitives ne dépassant pas 0,6 dB/cm dans cette bande ont été mesurées. Trois résonateurs différents : photonique, acoustique et mécanique sont à l'origine de la conception des capteurs de gaz. Ils permettent d'amplifier le signal photoacoustique détecté et de réduire la limite de détection minimale du capteur de gaz. Des cavités cristaux photoniques (PhC) représentant le résonateur photonique THz sont créées au-dessus du guide d'onde Si. L'optimisation du design et les caractérisations expérimentales de plusieurs cavités PhC THz sont présentées dans ce travail. Cela a conduit à une cavité PhC à 640 GHz avec un facteur Q record de 18000.Un trou central de la cavité PhC se comporte comme un résonateur acoustique. Il est recouvert d'une membrane de silicium polycristallin (Poly-Si) sous contrainte qui correspond au résonateur mécanique. Une analyse analytique et des mesures de caractérisation expérimentales sont effectuées pour étudier ces résonateurs acoustomécaniques. La combinaison des réalisations ci-dessus nous a permis de démontrer la première détection photoacoustique THz de faibles concentrations (200 ppm) de molécules H2S sur une plateforme intégrable. Le H2S étant un indicateur crucial de la dégradation alimentaire, ce travail est donc un premier pas important vers une technologie de capteur compact, temps réel, à la fois pour des applications de contrôle de qualité alimentaire et des applications environnementales et biomédicales.
Published: 2021

18. Vers des Logiciels Éco-responsables

Author: Le Goaer, Olivier, Noureddine, Adel, Barbier, Franck, Rouvoy, Romain, Maraninchi, Florence, Laboratoire Informatique de l'Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (LIUPPA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Self-adaptation for distributed services and large software systems (SPIRALS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VERIMAG (VERIMAG - IMAG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lille-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: génie logiciel, éco-conception, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], éco-responsable, environnement, énergie
Abstract: Depuis son origine, le génie logiciel s’est attaché à élaborer des méthodes, concepts et outils pour réduire significativement les coûts liés au développement (maintenance, réutilisation...) des logiciels, garantir leur intégrité, fiabilité... Cependant, pour relever le défi de la transition écologique, une nouvelle préoccupation doit être intégrée dans tous ces artefacts : le coût environnemental. Ainsi, le génie logiciel « éco-responsable » est la branche qui s’intéresse à l’efficience énergétique et à la durabilité des logiciels. Nous dégageons notamment 6 grandes pistes de recherche qui, combinées, peuvent apporter des réponses à la hauteur des enjeux.
Published: 2021

19. Reaction Networks to Boolean Networks: Exact Boolean Abstraction for Linear Equation Systems

Author: Allart, Emilie, Niehren, Joachim, Versari, Cristian, Université de Lille, BioComputing, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Linking Dynamic Data (LINKS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL)
Subjects: Sign abstraction, Computer Science::Programming Languages, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], abstract interpretation, Computer Science::Computational Complexity, Linear equation systems, Reaction networks, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Systems biology, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN, Boolean networks
Abstract: We study the problem of how to convert reaction networks into boolean networks. We start from the sign abstraction of the ODE semantics of reaction network, and show that it can be captured by a quasi-boolean network, a generalization of boolean networks that we introduce. We then show that any quasi-boolean networks can be converted into a boolean networks by using John’s overapproximation. Our main technical contribution is a new rewrite algorithm that make linear equation systems exact with respect to the boolean abstraction. We apply our exact rewriting for improving the precision of the conversion of quasi-boolean to boolean networks, also in the general nonlinear case. Thereby we improve our compiler from reaction networks to boolean networks as well.
Published: 2021

20. Reaction Networks to Boolean Networks:Exact Boolean Abstraction for Linear Equation Systems

Author: ALLART, Emilie, NIEHREN, Joachim, VERSARI, Cristian, Université de Lille, BioComputing, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Linking Dynamic Data (LINKS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL)
Subjects: Sign abstraction, Computer Science::Programming Languages, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], abstract interpretation, Computer Science::Computational Complexity, Linear equation systems, Reaction networks, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Systems biology, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN, Boolean networks
Abstract: We study the problem of how to convert reaction networks into boolean networks. We start from the sign abstraction of the ODE semantics of reaction network, and show that it can be captured by a quasi-boolean network, a generalization of boolean networks that we introduce. We then show that any quasi-boolean networks can be converted into a boolean networks by using John’s overapproximation. Our main technical contribution is a new rewrite algorithm that make linear equation systems exact with respect to the boolean abstraction. We apply our exact rewriting for improving the precision ofthe conversion of quasi-boolean to boolean networks, also in the general nonlinear case. Thereby we improve our compiler from reaction networks to boolean networks as well.
Published: 2021

21. Gambler Bandits and the Regret of Being Ruined (accepted paper)

Author: Studzinski Perotto, Filipo, Vakili, Sattar, Gajane, Pratik, Faghan, Yaser, Bourgais, Mathieu, Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Princeton University, Sequential Learning (SEQUEL), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lisbonne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (IFAAMAS)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA]
Abstract: à paraître; International audience
Published: 2021

22. Homotopy perturbation technique for improving solutions of large quadratic eigenvalue problems: Application to friction-induced vibration

Author: F. Massa, B. Lallemand, Isabelle Turpin, El-Ghazali Talbi, Thierry Tison, Jeremy Sadet, Optimisation de grande taille et calcul large échelle (BONUS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 (LAMIH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Laboratoire de Mathématiques pour l’Ingénieur (LMI), Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), This work was carried out within the framework of the CNRS Research Federation on Ground Transports and Mobility, in association with the ELSAT2020 project supported by the European Community, the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research and the Hauts de France Regional Council., Optimisation de grande taille et calcul large échelle [BONUS], Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 [LAMIH], Laboratoire de Mathématiques pour l’Ingénieur [LMI], Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Lille-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, Quadratic eigenvalue problem, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Projection (linear algebra), 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Quadratic equation, Normal mode, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], 0103 physical sciences, Applied mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Nonlinear vibration, Projection, [MATH]Mathematics [math], 010301 acoustics, Quadratic Eigenvalue Problem, Homotopy, Perturbation, Friction-induced vibration, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, [SPI.MECA.VIBR]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], Finite element method, Computer Science Applications, Vibration, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Control and Systems Engineering, Signal Processing
Abstract: International audience; This paper puts forward a projection technique for accurately calculating solutions of large Quadratic Eigenvalue Problem. The aim here is to stabilize the complex eigensolutions whilst reducing residual errors, especially when considering significant damping contribution or asymmetric stiffness matrices. Hence, more confident results can be obtained in the frequency band of interest. To achieve this, high order modes, calculated using the homotopy perturbation technique, are introduced in the projection step of the classical method. This numerical proposal is a generalization of the classical projection, based only on normal modes of the associated undamped problem. To evaluate the efficiency of the suggested method, a finite element application dedicated to a friction-induced vibration problem is investigated.
Published: 2021
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23. Near-field scanning millimeter-wave microscope operating inside a scanning electron microscope:towards quantitative electrical nanocharacterization

Author: Polovodov, Petr, Theron, Didier, Lenoir, Clément, Deresmes, Dominique, Eliet, Sophie, Boyaval, Christophe, Dambrine, Gilles, Haddadi, Kamel, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Nano and Microsystems - IEMN [NAM6 - IEMN], Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN [PCMP - IEMN], Circuits Systèmes Applications des Micro-ondes - IEMN [CSAM - IEMN ], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Nano and Microsystems - IEMN (NAM6 - IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN (PCMP - IEMN), Circuits Systèmes Applications des Micro-ondes - IEMN (CSAM - IEMN ), This work has received funding from the European Union Horizon H2020 Programme (H2020-NMBP07-2017) under grant agreement n°761036 MMAMA. This work used the facilities within the EQPX ExCELSiOR funded by the National Research Agency (ANR)., Renatech Network, ANR-11-EQPX-0015,Excelsior,Centre expérimental pour l'étude des propriétés des nanodispositifs dans un large spectre du DC au moyen Infra-rouge.(2011), European Project: 761036,H2020-NMBP-2017-two-stage,MMAMA(2017), Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Centrale de Micro Nano Fabrication - IEMN (CMNF - IEMN), PCMP PCP, PCMP CHOP, Laboratoire commun STMicroelectronics-IEMN T1, CMNF, and Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)
Subjects: atomic force microscopy, electrical characterization, lcsh:T, Near-Field Scanning Microwave Microscopy, millimeter waves, standard operating procedure, scanning electron microscopy, lcsh:Technology, lcsh:QC1-999, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:TA1-2040, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:QH301-705.5, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: International audience; The main objectives of this work are the development of fundamental extensions to the existing scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) technology to achieve quantitative complex impedance measurements at the nanoscale. We developed an SMM operating up to 67 GHz inside a scanning electron microscope giving unique advantages to tackle issues commonly found in open air SMMs. Operating in the millimeter-wave frequency range induces high collimation of the evanescent electrical fields in the vicinity of the probe apex resulting in high spatial resolution and enhanced sensitivity. Operating in vacuum allows for eliminating the water meniscus on tip apex that remains a critical issue to address modeling and quantitative analysis at the nanoscale. In addition, a microstrip probing structure has been developed to ensure a transverse electromagnetic mode as close as possible to the tip apex, reducing drastically radiation effects and parasitic apex to ground capacitances with available SMM probes. As a demonstration, we describe a standard operating procedure for instrumentation configuration, measurements and data analysis. Measurement performance is exemplary shown on a staircase microcapacitor sample at 30 GHz.
Published: 2021
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24. Non-Asymptotic Sequential Tests for Overlapping Hypotheses and application to near optimal arm identification in bandit models

Author: Garivier, Aurélien, Kaufmann, Emilie, Unité de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (UMPA-ENSL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modèles de calcul, Complexité, Combinatoire (MC2), Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scool (Scool), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Emilie Kaufmann acknowledges the support of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under grant ANR-16-CE40-0002 (BADASS project) and the European CHIST-ERA project DELTA. Aurélien Garivier acknowledges the support of the Project IDEXLYON of the University of Lyon, in the framework of the Programme Investissements d'Avenir (ANR-16-IDEX-0005)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Sequential Learning (SEQUEL), and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Sequential statistics, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Sequential testing, tests, Mathematics - Statistics Theory, bandit models, Multi-armed bandits, Generalized Likelihood Ratio test, Best arm identification
Abstract: In this paper, we study sequential testing problems with \emph{overlapping} hypotheses. We first focus on the simple problem of assessing if the mean $\mu$ of a Gaussian distribution is smaller or larger than a fixed $\epsilon>0$; if $\mu\in(-\epsilon,\epsilon)$, both answers are considered to be correct. Then, we consider PAC-best arm identification in a bandit model: given $K$ probability distributions on $\mathbb{R}$ with means $\mu_1,\dots,\mu_K$, we derive the asymptotic complexity of identifying, with risk at most $\delta$, an index $I\in\{1,\dots,K\}$ such that $\mu_I\geq \max_i\mu_i -\epsilon$. We provide non-asymptotic bounds on the error of a parallel General Likelihood Ratio Test, which can also be used for more general testing problems. We further propose lower bound on the number of observation needed to identify a correct hypothesis. Those lower bounds rely on information-theoretic arguments, and specifically on two versions of a change of measure lemma (a high-level form, and a low-level form) whose relative merits are discussed.
Published: 2021

25. Preanalytical issues and cycle threshold values in SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR testing:should test results include these?

Author: Christian Cambillau, Mahdi Ouafi, David Devos, Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou, Sana Miloudi, Judith Ogiez, Alain Roussel, Ilka Engelmann, Famara Sane, Quentin Pagneux, Rabah Boukherroub, Ilyes Benhalima, Sabine Szunerits, Didier Hober, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pathogenèse virale du diabète de type 1 - ULR 3610 (Laboratoire de Virologie), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), NanoBioInterfaces - IEMN (NBI - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), + H2020 Grant agreement ID: 101016038 CorDial-S PORTABLE AND FAST SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE POINT-OF-CARE TEST FOR COVID-19, ANR-21-HDF1-0003,CorDial-FLU,Dispositive portable de diagnostic pour différencier le virus la grippe de celui de Covid-19(2021), European Project: 101016038,H2020,H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020-2-CNECT, CorDial-S(2020), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog (ex-JPARC)), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), IEMN, Collection, Dispositive portable de diagnostic pour différencier le virus la grippe de celui de Covid-19 - - CorDial-FLU2021 - ANR-21-HDF1-0003 - PRHDF - VALID, Portable and fast surface plasmon resonance point-of-care test for COVID-19 - CorDial-S - - H20202020-12-01 - 2021-11-30 - 101016038 - VALID, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy [CIML], Pathogenèse virale du diabète de type 1- ULR 3610 [Laboratoire de Virologie], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques [AFMB], Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 [LilNCog (ex-JPARC)], NanoBioInterfaces - IEMN [NBI - IEMN], Pathogenèse virale du diabète de type 1- ULR 3610 (Laboratoire de Virologie), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)
Subjects: Virus inactivation, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), General Chemical Engineering, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), viruses, Extraction, Computational biology, Biology, Assays, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Genetics, QD1-999, 030304 developmental biology, Infectivity, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, Cycle threshold, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 030306 microbiology, General Chemistry, Gold standard (test), 3. Good health, Chemistry, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Perspective, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious diseases, Diagnostic imaging, RNA extraction
Abstract: International audience; Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, clinical laboratories worldwide are overwhelmed with SARS-CoV-2 testing using the current gold standard: real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. The large numbers of suspected cases led to shortages in numerous reagents such as specimen transport and RNA extraction buffers. We try to provide some answers on how strongly preanalytical issues affect RT-PCR results by reviewing the utility of different transport buffer media and virus inactivation procedures and comparing the literature data with our own recent findings. We show that various viral inactivation procedures and transport buffers are available and are less of a bottleneck for PCR-based methods. However, efficient alternative lysis buffers remain more difficult to find, and several fast RT-PCR assays are not compatible with guanidine-containing media, making this aspect more of a challenge in the current crisis. Furthermore, the availability of different SARS-CoV-2-specific RT-PCR kits with different sensitivities makes the definition of a general cutoff level for the cycle threshold (Ct) value challenging. Only a few studies have considered how Ct values relate to viral infectivity and how preanalytical issues might affect viral infectivity and RNA detection. We review the current data on the correlation between Ct values and viral infectivity. The presence of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome in its own is not sufficient proof of infectivity and caution is needed in evaluation of the infectivity of samples. The correlation between Ct values and viral infectivity revealed an RT-PCR cutoff value of 34 cycles for SARS-CoV-2 infectivity using a laboratory-developed RT-PCR assay targeting the RdRp gene. While ideally each clinical laboratory should perform its own correlation, we believe this perspective article could be a reference point for others, in particular medical doctors and researchers interested in COVID-19 diagnostics, and a first step toward harmonization.
Published: 2021
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26. Evidence Gathering in IoT Criminal Investigation

Author: Thomas Vantroys, Gilles Grimaud, François Bouchaud, Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale (Ministère de l'intérieur) (IRCGN), Institut de Recherche sur les Composants logiciels et matériels pour l'Information et la Communication Avancé - USR 3380 (IRCICA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Extra Small Extra Safe (2XS), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle judiciaire de la gendarmerie nationale (PJGN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique universitaire de Lille (Polytech Lille), Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Evidence gathering, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 16. Peace & justice, Witness, Phase (combat), Data science, Criminal investigation, Action (philosophy), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Police investigation, Relevance (law), [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Internet of Things, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm. It enables communication between physical “things” through a common and distributed architecture. It is based on objects deeply rooted in the intimate lives of users. The devices are constantly scanning and interacting with this physical world. They bear witness to past events and are therefore a rich source of information for criminal investigations. The collection of evidence from the connected infrastructure is a decisive phase of the success of the police investigation. It is about removing objects from their initial environment and placing them in a controlled and secured area. This action allows the evidence to be preserved for later examination. It is crucial, but nevertheless difficult. It can alter or destroy valuable data during manipulation. Moreover, the difficulty lies in the heterogeneous nature of the devices and their strong dependence on the environment. This paper focuses on the collection of IoT devices at the local level, linked to an investigative strategy. It presents several tools and methods to retrieve the objects and proposes to evaluate its relevance in a use case.
Published: 2021
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27. A linearized analog microwave photonic link with an eliminated even-order distortions

Author: Shyqyri Haxha, Iyad Dayoub, Taimur N Mirza, University of Westminster [London] (UOW), COMmunications NUMériques - IEMN (COMNUM - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - Département Opto-Acousto-Électronique - UMR 8520 (IEMN-DOAE), INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Leonardo MW Ltd. Leonardo Airborne and Space Systems Division (Grant Number: R11052), INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), and Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-JUNIA (JUNIA)
Subjects: Materials science, microwave photonics, Computer Networks and Communications, Lithium niobate, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Multiplexing, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, multioctave bandwidth, Optical Carrier transmission rates, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, intermodulation distortion, Electro-optic (EO) modulators, Dynamic range, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Computer Science Applications, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, harmonic distortions, chemistry, Control and Systems Engineering, Optoelectronics, Radio frequency, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Information Systems, Intermodulation
Abstract: International audience; An improved linearized analog microwave photonic link (AMPL) with significant multioctave bandwidth performance is experimentally presented. The proposed AMPL configuration is based on a double dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator and a differential balanced photodetector (BPD). Explicitly, a gallium arsenide (GaAs)-based modulators are used as opposed to the commonly known lithium niobate (LiNbO3) modulators, due to its robustness in the harsh environment. The system configuration is designed to process a carrier suppressed double-sideband signal through the link, and then at the receiver, a carrier suppressed double-sideband signal is combined with an unmodulated optical carrier, which is transmitted through a polarization maintained (PM) optical fiber. In our experiment, only PM-based optical components are used for better system stability. The developed theoretical model of the proposed system illustrates the elimination of even-order distortions and a high suppression to the third-order intermodulation distortions at the BPD. Consequently, the fundamental signal to interference ratio of 60 dB was experimentally achieved. Furthermore, experimental results, simultaneously, demonstrate a significant increase of second-order spurious-free dynamic range and third-order spurious-free dynamic range by 19.5 and 3.1dB, respectively, compared to the previously reported AMPL performances based on polarization multiplexing dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest dynamic range AMPL system performance deploying GaAs electro-optic modulator which has most significant capabilities in managing RF signals and exhibits excessive performance in harsh operating environment in terms of thermal stability, power-handling, radiation resistance and longevity for aerospace, defense, and satellite-to-ground downlink communication system applications.
Published: 2021
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28. Advances and Open Problems in Federated Learning

Author: Lie He, Sebastian U. Stich, Mariana Raykova, Phillip B. Gibbons, Mehryar Mohri, David Evans, Badih Ghazi, Felix X. Yu, Sen Zhao, Jianyu Wang, Zheng Xu, Weikang Song, Prateek Mittal, Ramesh Raskar, Zachary Garrett, Farinaz Koushanfar, H. Brendan McMahan, Ayfer Ozgur, Mikhail Khodak, Rafael G. L. D'Oliveira, Jakub Konecní, Aurélien Bellet, Arjun Nitin Bhagoji, Hubert Eichner, Han Yu, Adrià Gascón, Ananda Theertha Suresh, Sanmi Koyejo, Praneeth Vepakomma, Josh Gardner, Chaoyang He, Florian Tramèr, Tancrède Lepoint, Salim El Rouayheb, Peter Kairouz, Li Xiong, Kallista Bonawitz, Rasmus Pagh, Tara Javidi, Mehdi Bennis, Dawn Song, Martin Jaggi, Zhouyuan Huo, Hang Qi, Gauri Joshi, Qiang Yang, Richard Nock, Yang Liu, Brendan Avent, Justin Hsu, Rachel Cummings, Graham Cormode, Marco Gruteser, Aleksandra Korolova, Ziteng Sun, Zaid Harchaoui, Ben Hutchinson, Zachary Charles, Daniel Ramage, Google Research, University of Southern California (USC), Machine Learning in Information Networks (MAGNET), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Wireless Communications [University of Oulu] (CWC), University of Oulu, Princeton University, University of Warwick [Coventry], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), University of Virginia, University of Washington, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), University of Pittsburgh, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Australian National University (ANU), Stanford University, IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), Cornell University [New York], Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), ANR-20-CE23-0015,PRIDE,Apprentissage automatique décentralisé et préservant la vie privée(2020), ANR-16-CE23-0016,PAMELA,Apprentissage automatique décentralisé et personnalisé sous contraintes(2016), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], University of California, IT University of Copenhagen, University of California [Berkeley], and Cornell University
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, bias, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer science, Cryptography, 02 engineering and technology, Machine Learning (cs.LG), Statistical learning theory, 0302 clinical medicine, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Statistics - Machine Learning, differential privacy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Access control, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0303 health sciences, Information theory and computer science, Service provider, Computational complexity, Privacy, Data compression, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Anonymity, Raw data, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), Optimization, Big data analytics and privacy, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Clustering, 03 medical and health sciences, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Cryptology and data security, Artificial Intelligence, 020204 information systems, Quantization, Information retrieval, Privacy-preserving systems, Robustness, Data mining, Distributed systems security and privacy, 030304 developmental biology, Ethics, inference, business.industry, Deep learning, Database theory, Information theory and statistics, Communication complexity, Artificial Intelligence methods in security and privacy, Data science, Distributed computing, Human-Computer Interaction, Security, Web science, Artificial intelligence, business, Software
Abstract: Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning setting where many clients (e.g. mobile devices or whole organizations) collaboratively train a model under the orchestration of a central server (e.g. service provider), while keeping the training data decentralized. FL embodies the principles of focused data collection and minimization, and can mitigate many of the systemic privacy risks and costs resulting from traditional, centralized machine learning and data science approaches. Motivated by the explosive growth in FL research, this paper discusses recent advances and presents an extensive collection of open problems and challenges., Published in Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning Vol 4 Issue 1. See: https://www.nowpublishers.com/article/Details/MAL-083
Published: 2021

29. Large-scale regulatory and signaling network assembly through linked open data

Author: Maxime Folschette, Jérémie Bourdon, Marie Lefebvre, Carito Guziolowski, Alban Gaignard, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), BioComputing, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Centrale de Lille, Combinatoire et Bioinformatique (COMBI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Nantes (UN), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), This work has been partly funded by the Region Pays de la Loire through the SyMeTRIC Connect Talent project. It also ben-efited from the support of the French government via the National Research Agency in the context of the investment expenditure pro-gram IDEALG ANR-10-BTBR-02-04-11., ANR-10-BTBR-02-04-11,IDEALG, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille, Combinatoire et Bioinformatique (LS2N - équipe COMBI), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), ANR-10-BTBR-0002,BIORARE,BIOelectrosynthèse pour le Raffinage des déchets Residuels(2010), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Folschette, Maxime, and Biotech - Bioressources - BIOelectrosynthèse pour le Raffinage des déchets Residuels - - BIORARE2010 - ANR-10-BTBR-0002 - BTBR - VALID
Subjects: Databases, Factual, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, [INFO.INFO-DB] Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Gene Regulatory Networks, Semantic Web, [INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], 030304 developmental biology, computer.programming_language, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Scale (chemistry), Liver Neoplasms, Linked data, Python (programming language), Data science, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Identification (information), Signaling network, AcademicSubjects/SCI00960, Original Article, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, computer, Software, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biological network, Signal Transduction, Information Systems
Abstract: Huge efforts are currently underway to address the organization of biological knowledge through linked open databases. These databases can be automatically queried to reconstruct regulatory and signaling networks. However, assembling networks implies manual operations due to source-specific identification of biological entities and relationships, multiple life-science databases with redundant information and the difficulty of recovering logical flows in biological pathways. We propose a framework based on Semantic Web technologies to automate the reconstruction of large-scale regulatory and signaling networks in the context of tumor cells modeling and drug screening. The proposed tool is pyBRAvo (python Biological netwoRk Assembly), and here we have applied it to a dataset of 910 gene expression measurements issued from liver cancer patients. The tool is publicly available at https://github.com/pyBRAvo/pyBRAvo.
Published: 2021
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30. Proximity Perception in Human-Centered Robotics: A Survey on Sensing Systems and Applications

Author: Keisuke Koyama, Hosam Alagi, Stephan Mühlbacher-Karrer, Joshua R. Smith, Björn Hein, Christian Duriez, Hubert Zangl, Stefan Escaida Navarro, Deformable Robots Simulation Team (DEFROST ), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), JOANNEUM RESEARCH - Institute for Robotics and Mechatronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt [Klagenfurt, Austria], Osaka University, University of Washington [Seattle], This work was supported by the Region Hauts-de-France, the project COMOROS (ANR-17-ERC2-0029), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the project Inventor (I-SITE ULNE, le programme d'Investissements d'Avenir, Métropole Européenne de Lille). This work has received funding from the 'Karntner Wirtschaftsforderung Fonds' (KWF) and the 'European Regional Development Fund' (EFRE) within the CapSize project26616/30969/44253. This work also was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, BMBF) within the project (Verbundprojekt-Nr.: 16SV7823K:)., ANR-17-ERC2-0029,COMOROS,COntrol and Modelling for sOft RObots in Surgery(2017), and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Reactive and Sensor-Based Planning, Field (computer science), Domain (software engineering), Computer Science - Robotics, Human–computer interaction, Perception, Proximity sensor, Object Detection, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Perception for Grasping and Manipulation, media_common, Focus (computing), business.industry, Segmentation and Categorization, 010401 analytical chemistry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Robotics, 0104 chemical sciences, Computer Science Applications, Collision Avoidance, Control and Systems Engineering, Grippers, Table (database), Artificial intelligence, business, Robotics (cs.RO)
Abstract: International audience; Proximity perception is a technology that has the potential to play an essential role in the future of robotics. It can fulfill the promise of safe, robust, and autonomous systems in industry and everyday life, alongside humans, as well as in remote locations in space and underwater. In this survey paper, we cover the developments of this field from the early days up to the present, with a focus on human-centered robotics. Here, proximity sensors are typically deployed in two scenarios: first, on the exterior of manipulator arms to support safety and interaction functionality, and second, on the inside of grippers or hands to support grasping and exploration. Starting from this observation, we propose a categorization for the approaches found in the literature. To provide a basis for understanding these approaches, we devote effort to present the technologies and different measuring principles that were developed over the years, also providing a summary in form of a table. Then, we show the diversity of applications that have been presented in the literature. Finally, we give an overview of the most important trends that will shape the future of this domain.
Published: 2021
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31. Broadband super-resolution Terahertz Time domain spectroscopy applied to Gas analysis

Author: Sophie Eliet, Francis Hindle, Romain Peretti, Arnaud Cuisset, Jean-Francois Lampin, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN (PCMP - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Photonique THz - IEMN (PHOTONIQUE THZ - IEMN), PCMP CHOP, Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), no funding indication, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN [PCMP - IEMN], Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère [LPCA], and Photonique THz - IEMN [PHOTONIQUE THZ - IEMN]
Subjects: Materials science, Terahertz radiation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Terahertz gas spectroscopy, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Measure (mathematics), Spectral line, Optics, Broadband, Physics - Biological Physics, Time domain, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, super resolution spectroscopy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Radiation, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Physics - Applied Physics, Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Time domain spectroscopy, business, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract: Terahertz (THz) Time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a broadband spectroscopic technique spreading its uses in multiple fields: in science from material science to biology, in industry where it measures the thickness of a paint layer during the painting operation. Using such practical commercial apparatus with broad spectrum for gas spectroscopy could be a major asset for air quality monitoring and tracking of atmospheric composition. However, gas spectroscopy needs high resolution and the usual approach in THz-TDS, where the recorded time trace is Fourier transform, suffers from resolution limitation due to the size of the delay line in the system. In this letter, we introduce the concept of constraint reconstruction for super-resolution spectroscopy based on the modeling of the spectroscopic lines in a sparse spectrum. Light molecule gas typically shows sparse and narrow lines on a broad spectrum and we propose an algorithm reconstructing these lines with a resolution improvement of 10 the ultimate resolution reachable by the apparatus. We envision the proposed technique to lead to broadband, selective, rapid and cheap gas monitoring applications.
Published: 2021
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32. Privacy Amplification by Decentralization

Author: Cyffers, Edwige, Bellet, Aurélien, Machine Learning in Information Networks (MAGNET), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE23-0016,PAMELA,Apprentissage automatique décentralisé et personnalisé sous contraintes(2016), ANR-18-CE23-0018,DEEP-PRIVACY,Apprentissage distribué, personnalisé, préservant la privacité pour le traitement de la parole(2018), ANR-20-CE23-0015,PRIDE,Apprentissage automatique décentralisé et préservant la vie privée(2020), European Project: 825081,H2020,COMPRISE(2018), ANR-20-THIA-0014,AI_PhD@Lille,Programme de formation doctorale en IA à Lille(2020), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Cyffers, Edwige, Apprentissage automatique décentralisé et préservant la vie privée - - PRIDE2020 - ANR-20-CE23-0015 - AAPG2020 - VALID, Programme de formation doctorale en IA à Lille - - AI_PhD@Lille2020 - ANR-20-THIA-0014 - PNIA - VALID, Université de Lille, École normale supérieure de Lyon [ENS de Lyon], Machine Learning in Information Networks [MAGNET], and Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Statistics - Machine Learning, Machine Learning (stat.ML), [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC), Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), Computer Science::Cryptography and Security, Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract: Analyzing data owned by several parties while achieving a good trade-off between utility and privacy is a key challenge in federated learning and analytics. In this work, we introduce a novel relaxation of local differential privacy (LDP) that naturally arises in fully decentralized algorithms, i.e., when participants exchange information by communicating along the edges of a network graph without central coordinator. This relaxation, that we call network DP, captures the fact that users have only a local view of the system. To show the relevance of network DP, we study a decentralized model of computation where a token performs a walk on the network graph and is updated sequentially by the party who receives it. For tasks such as real summation, histogram computation and optimization with gradient descent, we propose simple algorithms on ring and complete topologies. We prove that the privacy-utility trade-offs of our algorithms under network DP significantly improve upon what is achievable under LDP, and often match the utility of the trusted curator model. Our results show for the first time that formal privacy gains can be obtained from full decentralization. We also provide experiments to illustrate the improved utility of our approach for decentralized training with stochastic gradient descent., Accepted to AISTATS 2022
Published: 2020

33. Introducing the VoicePrivacy initiative

Author: Junichi Yamagishi, Brij Mohan Lal Srivastava, Andreas Nautsch, Emmanuel Vincent, Jean-François Bonastre, Nicholas Evans, Xin Wang, Natalia A. Tomashenko, Jose Patino, Paul-Gauthier Noé, Massimiliano Todisco, Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon (LIA), Avignon Université (AU)-Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Informatique - CERI, Machine Learning in Information Networks (MAGNET), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Informatics (NII), Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], University of Edinburgh, Grid'5000, ANR-18-JSTS-0001,VoicePersonae,Clonage et protection de l'identité vocale(2018), ANR-18-CE23-0018,DEEP-PRIVACY,Apprentissage distribué, personnalisé, préservant la privacité pour le traitement de la parole(2018), ANR-19-DATA-0008,Harpocrates,Open data, outils et challenges pour l'anonymisation des voix(2019), European Project: 825081,H2020,COMPRISE(2018), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille, ANR-18-JSTS-0001,VOICEPERSONAE,SPEAKER IDENTITY CLONING AND PROTECTION(2018), ANR-18-CE23-0018,DEEP-PRIVACY,DISTRIBUTED, PERSONALIZED, PRIVACY-PRESERVING LEARNING FOR SPEECH PROCESSING(2018), ANR-19-DATA-0008,HARPOCRATES,Open data, tools and challenges for speaker anonymization, Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon [LIA], Machine Learning in Information Networks [MAGNET], Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication [MULTISPEECH], National Institute of Informatics [NII], and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, voice conversion, Computer science, Speech synthesis, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, privacy, Index Terms: privacy, Task (project management), anonymization, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Attack model, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], speech synthesis, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, speaker verification, Computer Science - Computation and Language, automatic speech recognition, Speech technology, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Benchmarking, Data science, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computation and Language (cs.CL), computer
Abstract: The VoicePrivacy initiative aims to promote the development of privacy preservation tools for speech technology by gathering a new community to define the tasks of interest and the evaluation methodology, and benchmarking solutions through a series of challenges. In this paper, we formulate the voice anonymization task selected for the VoicePrivacy 2020 Challenge and describe the datasets used for system development and evaluation. We also present the attack models and the associated objective and subjective evaluation metrics. We introduce two anonymization baselines and report objective evaluation results., Comment: Interspeech 2020
Published: 2020

34. Is Standard Deviation the New Standard? Revisiting the Critic in Deep Policy Gradients

Author: Flet-Berliac, Yannis, Ouhamma, Reda, Maillard, Odalric-Ambrym, Preux, Philippe, Sequential Learning (SEQUEL), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Scool (Scool)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: Policy gradient algorithms have proven to be successful in diverse decision making and control tasks. However, these methods suffer from high sample complexity and instability issues. In this paper, we address these challenges by providing a different approach for training the critic in the actor-critic framework. Our work builds on recent studies indicating that traditional actor-critic algorithms do not succeed in fitting the true value function, calling for the need to identify a better objective for the critic. In our method, the critic uses a new state-value (resp. state-action-value) function approximation that learns the relative value of the states (resp. state-action pairs) rather than their absolute value as in conventional actor-critic. We prove the theoretical consistency of the new gradient estimator and observe dramatic empirical improvement across a variety of continuous control tasks and algorithms. Furthermore, we validate our method in tasks with sparse rewards, where we provide experimental evidence and theoretical insights.
Published: 2020

35. Meta Partial Benders Decomposition for the Logistics Service Network Design Problem

Author: Mike Hewitt, Simon Belieres, Nicolas Jozefowiez, Frédéric Semet, Quinlan School of Business, Loyola University Chicago, Laboratoire de Conception, Optimisation et Modélisation des Systèmes (LCOMS), Université de Lorraine (UL), Integrated Optimization with Complex Structure (INOCS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE22-0012,pi-comodalité,Chaînes de transport de fret comodale: une approche basée sur l'internet physique(2015), HEC Montréal (HEC Montréal), Toulouse Business School (TBS), Équipe Recherche Opérationnelle, Optimisation Combinatoire et Contraintes (LAAS-ROC), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL)
Subjects: Scheme (programming language), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Service (systems architecture), Mathematical optimization, Information Systems and Management, General Computer Science, Computer science, Total cost, Supply chain, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Benders Decomposition, Logistics, Management Science and Operations Research, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Computer Science - Robotics, 0502 economics and business, Supply Chain, Service Network Design, computer.programming_language, 050210 logistics & transportation, 021103 operations research, 05 social sciences, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Service provider, Network planning and design, Product (business), Modeling and Simulation, Benchmark (computing), computer, Robotics (cs.RO)
Abstract: International audience; Supply chain transportation operations often account for a large proportion of product total cost to market. Such operations can be optimized by solving the Logistics Service Network Design Problem (LSNDP), wherein a logistics service provider seeks to cost-effectively source and fulfill customer demands of products within a multi-echelon distribution network. However, many industrial settings yield instances of the LSNDP that are too large to be solved in reasonable run-times by off-the-shelf optimization solvers. We introduce an exact Benders decomposition algorithm based on partial decompositions that strengthen the master problem with information derived from aggregating subproblem data. More specifically, the proposed Meta Partial Benders Decomposition intelligently switches from one master problem to another by changing both the amount of subproblem information to include in the master as well as how it is aggregated. Through an extensive computational study, we show that the approach outperforms existing benchmark methods and we demonstrate the benefits of dynamically refining the master problem in the course of a partial Benders decomposition-based scheme.
Published: 2020
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36. Private Protocols for U-Statistics in the Local Model and Beyond

Author: Bell, James, Bellet, Aurélien, Gascón, Adrià, Kulkarni, Tejas, The Alan Turing Institute, Machine Learning in Information Networks (MAGNET), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Google Inc., Aalto University, ANR-16-CE23-0016,PAMELA,Apprentissage automatique décentralisé et personnalisé sous contraintes(2016), ANR-18-CE23-0018,DEEP-PRIVACY,Apprentissage distribué, personnalisé, préservant la privacité pour le traitement de la parole(2018), European Project: 825081,H2020,COMPRISE(2018), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE23-0016,PAMELA,Personalized and decentrAlized MachinE Learning under constrAints(2016), ANR-18-CE23-0018,DEEP-PRIVACY,DISTRIBUTED, PERSONALIZED, PRIVACY-PRESERVING LEARNING FOR SPEECH PROCESSING(2018), Chiappa, S, Calandra, R, Alan Turing Institute, INRIA Bordeaux, Google, USA, Department of Computer Science, and Aalto-yliopisto
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Statistics - Machine Learning, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract: In this paper, we study the problem of computing $U$-statistics of degree $2$, i.e., quantities that come in the form of averages over pairs of data points, in the local model of differential privacy (LDP). The class of $U$-statistics covers many statistical estimates of interest, including Gini mean difference, Kendall's tau coefficient and Area under the ROC Curve (AUC), as well as empirical risk measures for machine learning problems such as ranking, clustering and metric learning. We first introduce an LDP protocol based on quantizing the data into bins and applying randomized response, which guarantees an $\epsilon$-LDP estimate with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of $O(1/\sqrt{n}\epsilon)$ under regularity assumptions on the $U$-statistic or the data distribution. We then propose a specialized protocol for AUC based on a novel use of hierarchical histograms that achieves MSE of $O(\alpha^3/n\epsilon^2)$ for arbitrary data distribution. We also show that 2-party secure computation allows to design a protocol with MSE of $O(1/n\epsilon^2)$, without any assumption on the kernel function or data distribution and with total communication linear in the number of users $n$. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our protocols through experiments on synthetic and real datasets., Comment: Accepted to AISTATS 2020
Published: 2020

37. A geometric stabilization of planar switched systems

Author: Giorgio Valmorbida, Rosane Ushirobira, Cyrille Chenavier, Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems (VALSE), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamical Interconnected Systems in COmplex Environments (DISCO), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CentraleSupélec, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Lyapunov function, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Class (set theory), 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Linear system, [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], Stability (learning theory), Linear systems, 02 engineering and technology, Linear matrix, stabilization, symbols.namesake, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Planar, Control and Systems Engineering, switching functions, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Applied mathematics, geometric approaches, Algebraic number, algebraic approaches, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we investigate a particular class of switching functions between two linear systems in the plan. The considered functions are defined in terms of geometric constructions. More precisely, we introduce two criteria for proving uniform stability of such functions, both criteria are based on the construction of a Lyapunov function. The first criterion is constructed in terms of an algebraic reformulation of the problem and linear matrix inequalities. The second one is purely geometric. Finally, we illustrate the second method with a numerical example.
Published: 2020

38. Only Relevant Information Matters: Filtering Out Noisy Samples to Boost RL

Author: Philippe Preux, Yannis Flet-Berliac, Sequential Learning (SEQUEL), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Lille, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Scool (Scool)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, 0209 industrial biotechnology, reinforcement learning, sampling, Computer science, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Sample (statistics), 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Machine Learning (cs.LG), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 020901 industrial engineering & automation, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Statistics - Machine Learning, Bellman equation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Reinforcement learning, Fraction (mathematics), Selection (genetic algorithm), business.industry, Sampling (statistics), Filter (signal processing), Explained variation, Metric (mathematics), Benchmark (computing), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, policy gradient
Abstract: In reinforcement learning, policy gradient algorithms optimize the policy directly and rely on sampling efficiently an environment. Nevertheless, while most sampling procedures are based on direct policy sampling, self-performance measures could be used to improve such sampling prior to each policy update. Following this line of thought, we introduce SAUNA, a method where non-informative transitions are rejected from the gradient update. The level of information is estimated according to the fraction of variance explained by the value function: a measure of the discrepancy between V and the empirical returns. In this work, we use this metric to select samples that are useful to learn from, and we demonstrate that this selection can significantly improve the performance of policy gradient methods. In this paper: (a) We define SAUNA's metric and introduce its method to filter transitions. (b) We conduct experiments on a set of benchmark continuous control problems. SAUNA significantly improves performance. (c) We investigate how SAUNA reliably selects samples with the most positive impact on learning and study its improvement on both performance and sample efficiency., Accepted at IJCAI 2020
Published: 2020
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39. Nested Regular Expressions can be Compiled to Small Deterministic Nested Word Automata

Author: Iovka Boneva, Momar Sakho, Joachim Niehren, Linking Dynamic Data (LINKS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Linking Dynamic Data [LINKS], Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Discrete mathematics, TheoryofComputation_COMPUTATIONBYABSTRACTDEVICES, Nested word, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Hedge (linguistics), 01 natural sciences, Automaton, Nondeterministic algorithm, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Path (graph theory), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Regular expression, MESH: Nested Words, Streams, Automata, XML, Computer Science::Databases, Computer Science::Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Abstract: International audience; We study the problem of whether regular expressions for nested words can be compiled to small deterministic nested word au-tomata (NWAs). In theory, we obtain a positive answer for small deter-ministic regular expressions for nested words. In practice of navigational path queries, nondeterministic NWAs are obtained for which NWA de-terminization explodes. We show that practical good solutions can be obtained by using stepwise hedge automata as intermediates.
Published: 2020

40. Data Centric Workflows for Crowdsourcing

Author: Pierre Bourhis, Loïc Hélouët, Rituraj Singh, Zoltán Miklós, Self-adaptation for distributed services and large software systems (SPIRALS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SUpervision of large MOdular and distributed systems (SUMO), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Declarative & Reliable management of Uncertain, user-generated Interlinked Data (DRUID), GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), ANR-16-CE23-0015,HEADWORK,Processus massivement participatifs d'acquisition de données et de connaissances(2016), Linking Dynamic Data (LINKS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec, Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 050101 languages & linguistics, Correctness, Theoretical computer science, Recursion, business.industry, Computer science, 05 social sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Petri net, Crowdsourcing, Article, Decidability, Undecidable problem, Data-centric workflows, Workflow, [INFO.INFO-FL]Computer Science [cs]/Formal Languages and Automata Theory [cs.FL], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Orchestration (computing), business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Crowdsourcing is a major paradigm to accomplish works that require human skills, by paying a small sum of money and drawing workers all across the globe. However, crowdsourcing platforms are mainly ways to solve large amounts of relatively simple and independent replicated work units.A natural extension of crowdsourcing is to enhance the definition of work, and solve more intricate problems, via orchestrations of tasks, and via higher-order, i.e. allowing workers to suggest a process to obtain data rather than a returning a plain answer. This work proposes complex workflows, a data centric workflow model for crowdsourcing. The model allows orchestration of simple tasks and concurrency. It handles data and crowdworkers and provides high-level constructs to decompose complex tasks into orchestrations of simpler subtasks. We consider termination questions: We show that existential termination (existence of at least one terminating run) is undecidable excepted for specifications with bounded recursion. On the other hand, universal termination (whether all runs of a complex workflow terminate) is decidable (and at least in co−2EXPTIME) when constraints on inputs are specified in a decidable fragment of FO. We then address correctness problems. We use FO formulas to specify dependencies between input and output data of a complex workflow. If dependencies are specified with a decidable fragment of FO, then universal correctness (whether all terminating runs satisfy dependencies) is decidable , and existential correctness (whether some terminating runs satisfy dependencies) is decidable with some restrictions.
Published: 2020

41. Optimization of deep neural networks: a survey and unified taxonomy

Author: Talbi, El-Ghazali, Optimisation de grande taille et calcul large échelle (BONUS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Optimization, Deep neural networks, Machine learning, CCS Concepts: • Computing methodologies → Search methodologies Additional Key Words and Phrases: Metaheuristics, Metaheuristics, Hyperparameter optimization, Network architecture search, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: During the last years, research in applying optimization approaches in the automatic design of deep neural networks (DNNs) becomes increasingly popular. Although various appproaches have been proposed, there is a lack of a comprehensive survey and taxonomy on this hot research topic. In this paper, we propose a unified way to describe the various optimization algorithms which focus on common and important search components of optimization algorithms: representation, objective function, constraints, initial solution(s) and variation operators. In addition to large scale search space, the problem is characterized by its variable mixed design space, very expensive and multiple blackbox objective functions. Hence, this unified methodology has been extended to advanced optimization approaches such as surrogate-based, multi-objective and parallel optimization.
Published: 2020

42. Investigating Performance and Usage of Input Methods for Soft Keyboard Hotkeys

Author: Katherine Fennedy, Simon T. Perrault, Sylvain Malacria, Hyowon Lee, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Technology and knowledge for interaction (LOKI), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), ANR-19-CE33-0006,Discovery,Promouvoir et améliorer la découverte des fonctionnalités et des interactions dans les systèmes interactifs(2019), SUTD - Singapore University of Technology and Design, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technology and knowledge for interaction [LOKI], Dublin City University [Dublin] [DCU], and Singapore University of Technology and Design [SUTD]
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, 050101 languages & linguistics, Interactive computer systems, Computer science, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, shortcut, 02 engineering and technology, Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC), modifier-based shortcuts, Human–computer interaction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Input method, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Hotkey, Selection (genetic algorithm), Visualization, Mechanism (biology), soft keyboard, command selection, 05 social sciences, Surfaces, CCS Concepts: • Human-centered computing → Interaction techniques Additional Key Words and Phrases: Hotkey, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Soft keyboard
Abstract: Touch-based devices, despite their mainstream availability, do not support a unified and efficient command selection mechanism, available on every platform and application. We advocate that hotkeys, conventionally used as a shortcut mechanism on desktop computers, could be generalized as a command selection mechanism for touch-based devices, even for keyboard-less applications. In this paper, we investigate the performance and usage of soft keyboard shortcuts or hotkeys (abbreviated SoftCuts) through two studies comparing different input methods across sitting, standing and walking conditions. Our results suggest that SoftCuts not only are appreciated by participants but also support rapid command selection with different devices and hand configurations. We also did not find evidence that walking deters their performance when using the Once input method., 17+2 pages, published at Mobile HCI 2020
Published: 2020
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43. Evaluating Voice Conversion-based Privacy Protection against Informed Attackers

Author: Emmanuel Vincent, Brij Mohan Lal Srivastava, Sahidullah, Marc Tommasi, Aurélien Bellet, Nathalie Vauquier, Machine Learning in Information Networks (MAGNET), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IEEE Signal Processing Society, ANR-18-CE23-0018,DEEP-PRIVACY,DISTRIBUTED, PERSONALIZED, PRIVACY-PRESERVING LEARNING FOR SPEECH PROCESSING(2018), European Project: 825081,H2020,COMPRISE(2018), Srivastava, Brij Mohan Lal, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Apprentissage distribué, personnalisé, préservant la privacité pour le traitement de la parole - - DEEP-PRIVACY2018 - ANR-18-CE23-0018 - AAPG2018 - VALID, Cost effective, Multilingual, Privacy-driven voice-enabled Services - COMPRISE - - H20202018-12-01 - 2021-11-30 - 825081 - VALID, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRID5000, and ANR-18-CE23-0018,DEEP-PRIVACY,Apprentissage distribué, personnalisé, préservant la privacité pour le traitement de la parole(2018)
Subjects: Scheme (programming language), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Sound (cs.SD), Spoofing attack, voice conversion, Computer science, Speech recognition, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Word error rate, 02 engineering and technology, privacy, Computer Science - Sound, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, speaker verification, computer.programming_language, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Cloning (programming), business.industry, Deep learning, speech recognition, Contrast (statistics), [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], linkage attack, attacker, [INFO.INFO-CL] Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Identity (object-oriented programming), Artificial intelligence, 0305 other medical science, business, computer, Computation and Language (cs.CL), Utterance, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract: International audience; Speech data conveys sensitive speaker attributes like identity or accent. With a small amount of found data, such attributes can be inferred and exploited for malicious purposes: voice cloning, spoofing, etc. Anonymization aims to make the data unlinkable, i.e., ensure that no utterance can be linked to its original speaker. In this paper, we investigate anonymization methods based on voice conversion. In contrast to prior work, we argue that various linkage attacks can be designed depending on the attackers' knowledge about the anonymization scheme. We compare two frequency warping-based conversion methods and a deep learning based method in three attack scenarios. The utility of converted speech is measured via the word error rate achieved by automatic speech recognition, while privacy protection is assessed by the increase in equal error rate achieved by state-of-the-art i-vector or x-vector based speaker verification. Our results show that voice conversion schemes are unable to effectively protect against an attacker that has extensive knowledge of the type of conversion and how it has been applied, but may provide some protection against less knowledgeable attackers.
Published: 2020

44. On an interval prediction of COVID-19 development based on a SEIR epidemic model

Author: Efimov, D. (Denis), Ushirobira, R. (Rosane), Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems (VALSE), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inria, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems [VALSE]
Subjects: [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic
Abstract: In this report, a revised version of the well-known mathematical outbreak SEIR model is used to analyze the epidemic's course of COVID-19 in eight different countries. The proposed model enhancements reflect the societal feedback on pandemic and confinement features. The parameters of the SEIR model are identified by using publicly available data for France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Brazil, Russia, New York State (US), and China. The identified model is then applied for the prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus propagation under different conditions of confinement. For this purpose, an interval predictor is designed allowing variations and uncertainties in the model parameters to be taken into account. The code and the utilized data are available in Github.
Published: 2020

45. A prediction of COVID-19 development in France based on a modified SEIR epidemic model

Author: Efimov, Denis, Ushirobira, Rosane, Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems (VALSE), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Inria Lille Nord Europe - Laboratoire CRIStAL - Université de Lille
Subjects: [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic
Abstract: The goal of this brief report is to identify the parameters of a modified SEIR model for the epidemics course of COVID-19 in France, and to use such an identified model for the prediction of the virus propagation under different conditions of confinement. An interval predictor is also designed, allowing to take into account variations and uncertainties in the model parameters.
Published: 2020

46. On Consistent Discretization of Finite-time Stable Homogeneous Differential Inclusions

Author: Polyakov, Andrey, Brogliato, Bernard, Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems (VALSE), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation, simulation et commande des systèmes dynamiques non lisses (TRIPOP), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), The authors thank the support of the French National Research Agency (ANR), Project ANR-18-CE40-0008 'DIGITSLID'. The first author also acknowledges the support of the Government of Russian Federation (Grant 08-08) and the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation (Project 14.Z50.31.0031)., ANR-18-CE40-0008,DIGITSLID,Différentiateurs et commandes homogènes par modes glissants multivalués en temps discret: l'approche implicite(2018), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille, Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Digital Implementation, [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, Lyapunov Methods, Sliding Modes
Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of consistent discretization of the generalized homogeneous differential inclusions which appear, in particular, as mathematical models of many sliding mode systems. An algorithm of consistent implicit discretization for homogeneous finite-time stable system is developed. It preserves the finite-time stability property and reduces the numerical chattering. The scheme is demonstrated for the so-called "nested" second order sliding mode algorithm.
Published: 2020

47. Emulation of end-to-end communications systems in railway scenarios: physical layer results

Author: Sofiane Kharbech, Ying Yan, Laurent Clavier, Marion Berbineau, Aitor Arriola, Juan Moreno García-Loygorri, Inaki Val, Redha Kassi, Raul Torrego, José Soler, Área de Ingeniería, Metro de Madrid S.A., Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Circuits Systèmes Applications des Micro-ondes - IEMN (CSAM - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Institut TELECOM/TELECOM Lille1, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Électronique Ondes et Signaux pour les Transports (COSYS-LEOST ), Université de Lille-Université Gustave Eiffel, Department of Photonics Engineering - Technical University of Denmark (DTU Fotonik), PCMP SigmaCom, European Project: 826152,H2020,H2020-S2RJU-OC-2018,EMULRADIO4RAIL(2018), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai [IMT Lille Douai], Circuits Systèmes Applications des Micro-ondes - IEMN [CSAM - IEMN], Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN [PCMP - IEMN], IK4 - IKERLAN [Mondragón], Laboratoire Électronique Ondes et Signaux pour les Transports [IFSTTAR/LEOST], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Institut TELECOM/TELECOM Lille1, Plateforme de Caractérisation Multi-Physiques - IEMN (PCMP - IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), IK4-Ikerlan Technology Research Centre, Laboratoire Électronique Ondes et Signaux pour les Transports (IFSTTAR/LEOST), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Lille Nord de France, Networks Technology and Service Platforms Group, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), European Project: 826152,EMULRADIO4RAIL, Université Gustave Eiffel, and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
Subjects: Emulation, Computer science, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, vehicular, Physical layer, emulation, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Network layer, Communications system, Application layer, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], End-to-end principle, Vehicular, railways, channel models, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physical access, Architecture, Railways, business, Channel models, Computer network
Abstract: The complexity of modern communication systems is remarkable, and the efforts needed to put into service a new one are substantial as well. In some industrial sectors, circumstances are even harder. For example, in railways, the tests to be done are costly due to the integration in the rolling stock plus the need to have physical access to the railway tracks. Therefore, it is worth having a suitable emulator that considers many different radio-access technologies (RAT) in several railway scenarios (viaducts, tunnels, rural, hilly, etc.). Moreover, it should be able to do an end-to-end emulation, absolutely transparent for the application layer (this is, considering not only the physical layer but the network one as well). In this paper, we highlight the physical layer aspects considered in the construction of this emulator. Integration with the network layer is briefly mentioned, as well as the whole architecture.
Published: 2020
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48. Presenting isomorphic finitely presented modules by equivalent matrices: a constructive approach

Author: Chenavier, Cyrille, Cluzeau, Thomas, Quadrat, Alban, Finite-time control and estimation for distributed systems (VALSE), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques & Sécurité de l'information (XLIM-MATHIS), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OUtils de Résolution Algébriques pour la Géométrie et ses ApplicatioNs (OURAGAN), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Non-Asymptotic estimation for online systems (NON-A)
Subjects: Isomorphism problem, [INFO.INFO-SC]Computer Science [cs]/Symbolic Computation [cs.SC], TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, Algebraic analysis, Symbolic computation, Fitting's theorem, Mathematical physics, Linear functional systems, [MATH.MATH-KT]Mathematics [math]/K-Theory and Homology [math.KT], Module theory, Warfield's theorem, Constructive homological algebra
Abstract: Constructive versions of Fitting and Warfield's theorems, implementation
Published: 2020

49. Solving Bernoulli Rank-One Bandits with Unimodal Thompson Sampling

Author: Trinh, Cindy, Kaufmann, Emilie, Vernade, Claire, Combes, Richard, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Sequential Learning (SEQUEL), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scool (Scool), DeepMind [London], DeepMind Technologies, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The authors acknowledge the French National Research Agency under projects BADASS (ANR16-CE40-0002) and BOLD (ANR-19-CE23-0026-04)., INRIA, ANR-16-CE40-0002,BADASS,BANDITS MANCHOTS POUR SIGNAUX NON-STATIONNAIRES ET STRUCTURES(2016), ANR-19-CE23-0026,BOLD,Au delà de l'apprentissage séquentiel pour de meilleures prises de décisions(2019), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DeepMind, ANR-16-CE40-0002,BADASS,Bandits Against Non-Stationarity and Structure(2016), and ANR: BOLD,ANR-19-CE23-0026-04
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science::Machine Learning, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics::Machine Learning, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Statistics - Machine Learning, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Multi-armed bandits, unimodal bandits, rank-one bandits, Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract: International audience; Stochastic Rank-One Bandits (Katarya et al, (2017a,b)) are a simple framework for regret minimization problems over rank-one matrices of arms. The initially proposed algorithms are proved to have logarithmic regret, but do not match the existing lower bound for this problem. We close this gap by first proving that rank-one bandits are a particular instance of unimodal bandits, and then providing a new analysis of Unimodal Thompson Sampling (UTS), initially proposed by Paladino et al (2017). We prove an asymptotically optimal regret bound on the frequentist regret of UTS and we support our claims with simulations showing the significant improvement of our method compared to the state-of-the-art.
Published: 2020

50. A numerical study of mechanical behavior of a cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching

Author: Yun Jia, Nicolas Burlion, Jian-Fu Shao, Hanbing Bian, S.Y. Xie, Laboratoire de Mécanique Multiphysique Multiéchelle (LaMcube), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China, Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille - FRE 3723 (LML), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux (LEM3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: porosity, Materials science, numerical analysis, Kinetics, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Computational Mechanics, 02 engineering and technology, Plasticity, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 021105 building & construction, General Materials Science, Composite material, Porosity, Dissolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Shearing (physics), technology, industry, and agriculture, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Cement paste, cement paste, constitutive modeling, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, plasticity, Calcium concentration, chemical leaching, 0210 nano-technology, Triaxial compression
Abstract: International audience; Based on relevant experimental data of a petroleum cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching, an elastic-plastic model is first proposed by taking into account plastic shearing and pore collapse. The degradation of mechanical properties induced by the chemical leaching is characterized by a chemical damage variable which is defined as the increase of porosity. Both elastic and plastic properties of the cement paste are affected by the chemical damage. The proposed model is calibrated from and applied to describe mechanical responses in triaxial compression tests respectively on sound and fully leached samples. In the second part, a phenomenological chemical model is defined to establish the relationship between porosity change and calcium dissolution process. The dissolution kinetics is governed by a diffusion law taking into account the variation of diffusion coefficient with calcium concentration. The chemical model is coupled with the mechanical model, and both are applied to describe mechanical response of cement paste samples subjected to progressive chemical leaching and compressive stresses. Comparisons between experimental data and numerical results are presented.
Published: 2017
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