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Vernacular houses treasure the knowledge and traditions of nations. They express the cultural heritage of different generations, including local materials and non-professional designs evolved by resident communities. In South America, vernacular houses often are designed in rural areas. These are influenced by the customs of the indigenous people who inhabited this region for centuries before colonization. In the coastal area of Ecuador, particularly in the canton of Portoviejo, belonging to the province of Manabí, there is an architectural typology called “housing of the three spaces”, which has not been valued as cultural heritage. This article responds to the research question of how to structure a sustainable architectural solution, which observes the patrimonial values of the housing of the three Manabí spaces, and which contributes to the resolution of the housing problem in rural Ecuadorian areas. The research was descriptive. The questionary technique was used to characterize these housings and analyze their sustainability criteria and historic heritage values. The results contribute relevant information for the consideration of the housing of the three spaces as cultural heritage. Furthermore, we explored a conceptual and analytical transition of the modern housing named Biosuvernacular (bio meaning life, su for sustainability and vernacular for traditional design) with reasonable economical solutions for resolving the housing problem in the study area.

10995/27938 Стратегии проектирования, ориентированные на уважение к природе и экономию ресурсов, соответствуют принципам устойчивого развития. Урбанизация привела к использованию одинаковых типовых проектов в различных регионах без учета географических и климатических особенностей. В статье рассмотрен опыт региональной народной архитектуры Азии и Северной Европы. Без сложного технологического оборудования местные жители рационально создавали комфортный микроклимат. Определены возможности использования народных традиций в современных технологиях строительства для создания биоклиматической архитектуры. Design strategies that respect nature and conserve resources are in line with the principles of sustainable development. Urbanization has led to the use of the same standard projects in different regions without taking into account geographical and climatic features. The article examines the experience of regional vernacular architecture in Asia and Northern Europe. Without sophisticated technological equipment, local residents rationally created a comfortable microclimate. The possibilities of using vernacular traditions in modern construction technologies for creating bioclimatic architecture have been determined.

This paper presents a case study as part of a Professional Doctorate research project discussing an ecological approach to housing in South Africa, where polymer stabilised earth foundations have been used to support single story rammed earth walls, in a house in South Africa. Rammed earth was chosen as a construction method for its low embodied energy and thermal mass characteristics. The subsurface strata upon which the house was built comprised of clayey, gravely, sandy soils that have resulted as a result of decomposition of granitic rocks. In order to ensure solid founding conditions the foundations were excavated to a depth of one and a half metres before the excavated material was stabilised and backfilled. The material was stabilised to 600 mm below top of floor level with 2% Portland cement and above that with a 5% polymer bitumen mixture reinforced with horizontal steel reinforcing rods. This foundation avoids the use of reinforced concrete and as a result a significantly smaller carbon footprint, while fulfilling the functional requirements of supporting the building and preventing rising damp. The polymer has, as it major component is bitumen emulsion, provided a waterproof layer. Rammed earth walls of 500 mm thickness were constructed on the foundation up to 4.2 meters in height and initial observations suggest that the foundations are satisfactory with no settlement or cracking detected.

This thesis examines the mutations of housing in the context of socio-ecological transitions. These society change processes aim to reduce ecological footprint and are initiated in niches by marginal changes. This work addresses the transformations in the margins of habitat production and it focuses of bottom-up initiatives driven by the inhabitants who set up self-promotion housing or that are involved in public authorities’ projects. The studied alternative housing projects are located in urbanization margins, in mid mountains rural areas. Indeed, in these territories, new ruralities have emerged based on the arrival of new residents supported by non-profit organization and promoted by local government policies and Parcs naturels régionaux. In this work, I thus question the organization of ecological housing in rural areas in the context of the socio-ecological transitions.The general hypothesis of this research is the following one: the alternative housing projects experiment ecological housing in mid mountain rural areas. I propose to test this hypothesis with a global approach to alternative housing projects in order to understand the ecological housing system organization. First, I analyze the relationship between actors in the project process and the use of material, energy and water resources in the construction and operation of these habitats. I then explore the deployment of the ways of living in the organization of the habitat and in the local space through the mobilities. Addressing different types of alternative housing, ecocommunity, rural cohousing and ecological estate, first allows to analyze the rural planning changes from inhabitants’ initiatives. In this way, I highlight the links between individual projects, support program of non-profit organizations and incentivizing public policies. Then, in the context of habitat production margins, I examine the contribution of alternative housing projects to the ecological housing of dispersedly built areas. I show the importance of collective strategies to allow a sober lifestyles, a use of local resources and mutualisation of space and goods. This work brings to light an ecological housing of dispersedly built areas between based on local autonomy and integration within physical and virtual networks.; Cette thèse interroge les mutations de l’habitation dans le cadre des transitions socioécologiques. Ces transitions sont des processus de mutations des sociétés qui visent à diminuer leur empreinte écologique et s’initient par des niches, des transformations marginales. Ce travail s’intéresse ainsi à la transformation en marge de la production de l’habitat et porte sur des initiatives ascendantes impulsées par les habitants qui mettent en place de l’autopromotion ou qui sont impliqués dans des projets de pouvoirs publics. Les « habitats alternatifs » étudiés sont situés en marge du phénomène d’urbanisation, dans les territoires ruraux de moyenne montagne. En effet, dans ces territoires, de nouvelles ruralités émergent à travers l’arrivée de nouveaux habitants soutenue par des structures associatives et favorisée par des politiques publiques incitatives de développement des collectivités locales et des Parcs naturels régionaux. J’interroge ainsi dans ce travail la mise en place de l’habitation écologique dans les territoires ruraux de moyenne montagne dans le cadre des transitions socioécologiques.L’hypothèse générale de ce travail est la suivante : les projets d’ « habitat alternatif » sont le lieu privilégié de l’expérimentation de l’habitation écologique dans les territoires ruraux de moyenne montagne. Je propose ainsi de vérifier cette hypothèse par une approche globale des projets d’ « habitat alternatif » afin de comprendre le système d’habitation écologique mis en place. J’analyse d’abord l’articulation entre acteurs dans le processus de projet et l’utilisation des ressources matérielles, énergétiques et en eau dans la construction et l’usage de ces habitats. J’explore ensuite le déploiement des manières d’habiter dans l’organisation de l’habitat et dans l’espace local par les mobilités. Aborder différents types d’ « habitat alternatif », écohameaux, habitat participatif rural et écolotissement, permet d’abord d’interroger les mutations de l’aménagement des territoires ruraux à partir des initiatives habitantes. Par là même, je mets en évidence les articulations entre les démarches individuelles, les programmes d’accompagnement des réseaux associatifs et les politiques publiques incitatives. Ensuite, par l’approche des marges de la production de l’habitat, j’interroge la contribution des projets d’habitat alternatif à l’habitation écologique des territoires de dispersion bâtie. Je montre l’importance des stratégies collectives pour permettre une sobriété des modes de vie, une utilisation des ressources locales et une mutualisation de l’espace et des biens. Ce travail révèle ainsi une habitation écologique au sein de la dispersion bâtie qui s’appuie sur une autonomie locale et une intégration aux réseaux physiques et virtuels.

Cities’ abilities to meet not only the needs of today but also the needs of future generations depend on sustainable urban functions. The planning of dwellings, the basic living units of the society, should also be done by using an ecological approach and in this way their sustainability should be maintained. Public housing areas, which have emerged as a solution to the increasing need for housing in today’s cities, should be planned with a sustainable and ecological approach in order to create eco-friendly urban areas within the city. In this paper, the ecological planning approach was examined and the reflections of this approach on the concept of housing were discussed. The necessary criteria for sustainable ecological planning of public housing areas, based on the analyzed successful international ecological planning and ecological public housing practices, were determined. Within the framework of the determined criteria - the predefined ecological planning criteria, Istanbul Basaksehir Public Housing Area was analyzed and evaluated.

The study investigates an autonomous housing project for eleven families in Feldkirch/Austria. This project combines a radical mix of societal alternative, typological innovation and tectonic efforts.The dwelling addressed four key design objectives: 'radically cost efficiency', 'ecological approach', 'individual homes in a communal frame' and the possibility of developing a 'self-build' system.All four objectives required a strong tectonic strategy.To meet these objectives a subversive typology was developed, including a common corridor and a cost-optimized primary structure that allowed different housing sizes. A set of specified facade-elements provided individuality and adaptability. The smaller houses could 'grow' over time, reusing these elements in a new assemblage - an early life cycle approach.'Ecological buildings' of the 80's had a stronger focus on 'natural' materials and healthy indoor climate than on energy consumption. Innovative structural elements and technical systems were implemented with sophisticated details. The roles of the architect included and combined those of designer, mediator, mastermind for overcoming legal obstacles, accountant, supervisor and instructor.The aim of this paper is to document the original design and the group process of 'Ökologische Gemeinschaftswohnanlage Nofels' and to deliver a productive comparison with conclusions for new projects how this highly ambitious habitat has performed and developed over 3 decades.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo formular estrategias y escenarios para el abastecimiento de agua para consumo humano, uso doméstico y productivo, considerando las condiciones socioculturales, económicas y modos de producción; con el propósito de identificar tecnologías que atienden las demandas actuales y futuras en materia de agua en la entidad del DF y Estado de México. Se inició con el diseño de cinco escenarios de caso: casa rural marginada, urbana, residencia, mediana industria e industrial, pero solo se transfirió la residencia y mediana industria. En el escenario de la zona residencial la integración de captación y el tratamiento biológico de aguas residuales genera ahorros de 20.92 por ciento anual. En la mediana industria la integración de dispositivos ahorradores permiten tener una eficiencia del 30.21 por ciento y sin estos de tan solo 9.81 porciento. La metodología propuesta logro reducir los costos de inversión hasta de un 200 por ciento en comparación con el método tradicional. Además, con el interactivo “Tlaloc” se facilita al usuario conocer el potencial de su infraestructura disponible en poco tiempo. _______________ STRATEGIES FOR WATER SUPPLY AND URBAN MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES. ABSTRACT: This study aimed to develop strategies and scenarios for the supply of water for human consumption, domestic use and production, considering the sociocultural, economic and production methods, with the aim of identifying technologies that address the current and future demands on water in the state of the DF and Mexico State. It started with the design of five case scenarios: house marginalized rural, urban, residence, industrial and medium industry, but only transferred the residence and medium industry. On the stage of the residential catchment integration and biological treatment of wastewater generated savings of 20.92 percent. In the integration medium industry allow saving devices have an efficiency of 30.21 percent, and without these of only 9.81 percent. The proposed methodology is able to reduce investment costs up 200 percent compared to the traditional method. Moreover, with the interactive "Tlaloc" facilitates user to know the potential of your infrastructure available shortly.

This paper critiques an obscure form of sustainable architecture that addresses many of the environmental, social and economic challenges facing humanity. It focuses on the work of architect, Michael Reynolds, who has been experimenting with radical house designs and construction techniques over the past three and half decades. He addresses pollution, climate change and resource depletion by the provision of self-sufficient, off-the-grid, ecological housing constructed substantially from 'waste' such as used car tyres and beverage containers. Passive heating and cooling, food production, water catchments, renewable energy, solar hot water, grey-water recycling and sewage treatment are all integrated into his designs, which he calls ''Earthships – independent vessels – to sail on the seas of tomorrow''. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This thesis on Ecological housing -- passive houses (stimulation possibilities in the Czech environment) describes passive housing within the development of the Czech building market. This thesis focuses on the technologies of passive housing and compares the devel-opment of passive houses in the Czech Republic and in other European countries. Within the comparison this thesis points out individual economic policy tools used in specific countries. This thesis also defines hypothetical solutions for stimulation of passive housing in the Czech Republic. Efficiency analysis is applied to these solutions. Described hypothetical solutions are based on the costs evaluation of passive and ordinary housing, while the cost calculation takes into account mainly the return rate of additional investment adherent to the passive housing.