702 results on '"Economic framework"'
Search Results
2. The ODL African Continental Education Strategy: Anchoring AI/Machine Learning on the African Technological Innovation and Investment Table
- Author
-
Gabriel Kabanda
- Subjects
Knowledge generation ,innovation ,sustainable development ,economic framework ,Cybersecurity ,Artificial Intelligence ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 - Abstract
Through the process of innovation, research produces knowledge and technology that are put to use in the real world. The development of applied scientific technologies can be judged by the number of technological advancements, patents, innovations, research papers that have been published, etc. The purpose of the research was to develop an economic framework and technology solutions for the development of knowledge, innovation, and enterprise on the African continent, using Zimbabwe as a representative example. The study examined the potential applications of cybersecurity and machine learning to the business of producing and disseminating information. The practice of cybersecurity involves a variety of policies, techniques, technologies, and procedures that work together to safeguard the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of computing resources, networks, software programs, and data from intrusion. Cybersecurity is the process of defending systems, networks, and programs from electronic (malicious) attacks. Machine learning (ML) is the process of creating models for the broad relationships among data sets after automatically analyzing massive data sets. Since the Pragmatism paradigm best exemplifies the harmony between knowledge and action, it was chosen as the research philosophy for this study. Focused group discussions served as the main study design while the qualitative component was predominantly used in the knowledge generating component, which was based on an integral research architecture that incorporates descriptive, narrative, theoretical, and experimental survey methodologies. The quantitative dimension investigated machine learning and cybersecurity prototype models using an experiment as a study design. The commercialization of priority projects for strategic investment included post-harvest technologies, small-scale mining, mineral value addition, and bio-mining, clean water alternatives, mining waste-derived tile technologies, ICT innovations in machine learning and cybersecurity, and defense technologies. To direct the installation of upcoming cybersecurity systems in Africa, a Bayesian Network model for cybersecurity was developed. The research developed an effective network intrusion detection system using the KDDCup 1999 intrusion detection benchmark dataset. The sample included 494,020 instances of primary data with 42 variables that were analyzed mostly using the SNORT open source program and other Bayesian Network-supporting platforms. The most effective ML algorithms were considered while creating a Bayesian Network model. more...
- Published
- 2022
Catalog
3. Electrochemical Oxidation of Ammonia-Laden Wastewater in the Mining Industry.
- Author
-
Elsahwi, Essam S., Hopp, Conrad E., Dawson, Francis P., Ruda, Harry E., and Kirk, Donald W.
- Subjects
- *
BIOLOGICAL treatment of water , *MINERAL industries , *NATURAL resources , *PETROLEUM as fuel , *MONTE Carlo method , *OXIDE electrodes - Abstract
Ammonia is a common contaminant in municipalities where human waste causes nitrification of local water bodies. In mining, ammonia contamination occurs as a byproduct of biological water treatment, from the use of ammonium nitrate fuel oil in explosives, and from the exposure of ammonia rich soils during the excavation process. In particular, gold mine effluent represents a significant source of ammonia and nitrogen-based contaminants. Current biological and abiotic treatment processes are difficult to employ at the scale required at mine sites due to the high operating costs, or are limited in effectiveness due to a lack of natural resources required to facilitate the treatment. This article evaluates the use of electrooxidation as a cost effective alternative to treating ammonia-laden wastewater in mining applications. Two mixed metal oxide electrodes are assessed in this article: IrO $_{2}$ /Ti and RuO $_{2}$ /Ti anodes. A Monte Carlo simulation is performed to determine a probabilistic range of capital and operating expenditure for a mining operation deploying an electrooxidation wastewater treatment system. The lowest capital cost of operating the electrochemical treatment occurs at a current density of 200 A/m $^{2}$ , where the number of cells required for treatment is minimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. THE INFLUENCE OF CHINA'S FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FRAMEWORK OF AFRICA (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA).
- Author
-
Omogbemi, Solomon Kunle
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,INVESTMENT pools ,AFRICA-China relations ,REGRESSION analysis ,GROSS domestic product - Abstract
China has been spreading its tentacles across continents particularly sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of Foreign direct investment on the economic and political framework of Africa, using Nigerian as a case study. The foreign direct investments from China to Africa and particularly to Nigeria has not been received well in the pool of public opinion. However, the benefits the investment pool has on the economic and political framework is positive. Yet, researchers, believe that caution should be taken to avoid excessive FDI from China. The method of regression analysis was employed to prove the relationship between FDI inflow and annual GDP. The result showed that there is a strong and significant influence of FDI on GDP and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Renewable energy public–private partnerships in developing countries: Determinants of private investment.
- Author
-
Fleta‐Asín, Jorge and Muñoz, Fernando
- Subjects
PUBLIC-private sector cooperation ,DEVELOPING countries ,DEVELOPMENT banks ,INDIVIDUAL investors ,INSTITUTIONAL environment - Abstract
In this research, we study, for the first time, the determinants of private investment participation in public–private partnership (PPPs) projects in renewable energies. We analyse a broad sample formed by 1,371 PPPs from 63 developing countries in the period 1997–2016. Using a Tobit estimation technique, our findings reveal that PPPs that are smaller, younger, where the private partner takes more responsibilities, and the prime revenue source comes from the electricity consumers' payments, show a greater degree of private investors' participation. In addition, better institutional and economic environments impact positively on the attractiveness of private investment. Other interesting findings are that the support of multilateral development banks (MDBs) positively affects the participation of private investors in renewable energy PPPs, and this becomes more important when the institutional and economic frameworks are weaker. The article sheds light for practitioners and policymakers on promoting actions that reinforce the determinants that positively affect private participation. In this way, government actions that promote the institutional financing of third parties, as well as improvements to their institutions and economic environment, enable efforts to be prioritised due to the positive impact it has on private participation. Similarly, good indicators of these factors allow private investors to select projects that will be more successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Economic Constitution and the State
- Author
-
Tuori, Klaus, Biebricher, Thomas, book editor, Nedergaard, Peter, book editor, and Bonefeld, Werner, book editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK OF THE TERRITORIES OF INNOVATIVE-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT AS THE FACTOR OF REGIONAL STRATEGY
- Author
-
Kryukova E.V.
- Subjects
innovation ,strategy ,regional strategy ,economic framework ,growth points ,territory ,modernization ,regional policy ,infrastructure ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
The article substantiates the conceptual provisions and mechanisms for the formation of regional strategies based on the economic framework of innovation-oriented development that create institutional and resource prerequisites for the modernization of the spatial organization of the regional economy by stimulating innovative impulses at the key points of the regional system, economic growth and the involvement of peripheral territories in the structure skeleton. It is substantiated that the formation of regional strategizing on the basis of the economic framework of the territory of innovation-oriented development can be promoted by intersectoral social interaction (partnership), defined as the constructive interaction of organizations from two or three sectors (government, business, nonprofit sector), from the parties, providing a synergistic effect of the “addition” of different resources in solving social problems. The article discusses the three main tools of intersectoral collaboration – social order, consulting centers, grants and subsidies for social entrepreneurship. Some areas of business that deal with the solution of social and economic problems have now been classified as social entrepreneurship, some innovation-oriented development as a factor in regional strategic planning. Social entrepreneurship is something average between the commercial and non-commercial sphere, yet having its own features. Social entrepreneurship is self-supporting, has financial stability, since there is assistance from the state, but it is worth noting that it does not set the main goal of profit, unlike traditional business – business. In most cases, social entrepreneurship is initially created to participate in a social order and is the economic framework of the territory. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Applying intellectual capital in improving business at Republic of Serbia
- Author
-
Radenković Sonja D., Saranović Jelena, Banović Milena, Labović Bojan, and Matović Ana
- Subjects
economic framework ,business environment ,economy ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Analisys of the economic framework for doing business between Serbia and Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, that is under the interim civil and military administration of the United Nations, according to UN Resolution 1244 (hereinafter referred to as Kosovo*) aims to point of the need to eliminate barriers in doing business between Serbia and Kosovo*, making recommendation for improving the business environment. The research involved experts who analyzed legal regulations governing the business environment in Kosovo* and carried out the research. They interviewed business people and representatives of companies from central Serbia and Kosovo*. The results of the survey enable the creation of a wider picture of company operations when crossing of the administrative crossings, identifying disturbances in the passage of goods and services, as well as formulating proposals to overcome existing barriers in doing business between business entities in central Serbia and the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. more...
- Published
- 2018
9. Applying intellectual capital in improving agri-industry at Republic of Serbia
- Author
-
Radenković Sonja D., Šaranović Jelena, Stojanović Boban, Kostić Zorana, and Jokić Bojan
- Subjects
economic framework ,business environment ,barriers ,intellectual capital ,Agriculture - Abstract
Analysis of the economic framework for doing business between Serbia and Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, that is under the interim civil and military administration of the United Nations, according to UN Resolution 1244 (hereinafter referred to as Kosovo*) aims to point of the need to eliminate barriers in doing business between Serbia and Kosovo*, making recommendation for improving the business environment. The research involved experts analyzed legal regulations governing the business environment in Kosovo* and carried out the research. They interviewed business people and representatives of companies from central Serbia and Kosovo*. The results of the survey enable the creation of a wider picture of company operations when crossing of the administrative crossings, identifying disturbances in the passage of goods and services, as well as formulating proposals to overcome existing barriers in doing business between business entities in central Serbia and the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. more...
- Published
- 2018
10. Making the economic value proposition for pharmacist comprehensive medication management (CMM) in primary care: A conceptual framework.
- Author
-
Tripicchio, Kristen, Urick, Benjamin, Easter, Jon, and Ozawa, Sachiko
- Abstract
Introduction: Comprehensive medication management (CMM) is a patient care process provided by clinical pharmacists in primary care settings that ensures optimal use of medications with timely follow-up. Despite widespread evidence that shows CMM improves clinical and medication-related outcomes, pharmacist-delivered CMM services often fail to be adopted into U.S. primary care settings.Objective: This study presents a conceptual framework linking outcomes of pharmacist-delivered CMM services in primary care settings to financial benefits for health plans providing coverage of CMM services and primary care practices investing and implementing CMM.Methods: A critical review of the literature was performed in PubMed and the gray literature to identify financing opportunities that justify the coverage of CMM by third-party health plan administrators or the implementation of CMM by primary care practices. Financing elements that could be impacted by pharmacist-led CMM outcomes, namely higher achievement of medication-related quality measures and reduction of total costs of care, were recorded and utilized to develop the conceptual framework.Results: The framework suggests that CMM provides economic benefits to both health plans and primary care practices by increasing market competitiveness, direct revenue, and quality bonuses. Health plans may benefit from higher plan quality ratings, lower premiums and plan bids, increased shared savings, and quality bonus payments. Primary care practices may achieve increased negotiating power through accreditation recognition and patient satisfaction, increased revenue through shared savings and fee-for-service reimbursement, and achievement of quality bonus payments.Conclusions: The alignment of economic benefits from CMM advances a strong value proposition for greater adoption of CMM coverage by health plans and implementation in the U.S. primary care system. Through broader CMM implementation, pharmacists can work alongside physicians in advanced care models and play a vital role in shaping the primary care practice transition to value-based care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial practices: Prerequisites for the robust growth of Indian economy (with special reference to start-ups)
- Author
-
Agarwal, Sugandha and Ankur
- Published
- 2016
12. Closing the Marketing Strategy-Tactics Gap: An Institutional Theory Analysis of Pharmaceutical Value Chain
- Author
-
Singh, Jagdip, Jayanti, Rama K., Eliashberg, Jehoshua, Series editor, Ding, Min, editor, and Stremersch, Stefan, editor
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Principles and Economic Considerations of Electrochemical Treatment of Cyanide-Laden Wastewater.
- Author
-
Elsahwi, Essam S., Hopp, Conrad E., Dawson, Francis Philip, Ruda, Harry E., and Kirk, Donald W.
- Subjects
- *
MINERAL industries , *CYANIDES , *WASTEWATER treatment , *RENEWABLE energy industry , *RECLAMATION of land - Abstract
The mining industry is a global economic driver that produces the metals and minerals required to sustain our expanding technological advancements. The gold mining industry in particular is integral to the production of electronics, copper, and the solar panels that are required for the long-term growth of the renewable energy sector. Significant demand in recent years has lead the gold mining industry to consume 20% of the annual production of cyanide, which is used as a leaching reagent. The health and environmental risk posed by the wide spread use of cyanide has raised public concern, and as a result ever more stringent wastewater discharge requirements are being implemented. The current conventional method of treating cyanide requires a large amount of real estate, leads to persistent toxicity, and prevents mine operators from successfully meeting land reclamation requirements. Electrochemical oxidation and coagulation of cyanide offers an alternative wastewater treatment method that requires less real estate, is amenable to automation, and capable of meeting new stringent requirements. This paper presents the technical and economic framework required to assess the economic validity of employing electrochemical treatment methods of cyanide-laden wastewater. This framework is applied at the mine of an industrial partner located in Brazil who is currently using traditional chemical coagulation to treat 25 m $^3$ /h of cyanide-laden wastewater. The framework is further used to create a stochastic model of the expected treatment cost typical in the mining industry by varying inputs into the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The Phenomenon of Multiculturalism in the Regional Strategizing
- Author
-
Tatiana Vladimirovna Kushnarenko, Olga Anatolyevna Chernova, and Lyudmila Grigoryevna Matveyeva
- Subjects
regional strategy ,the diversity of the regional economy ,economic framework ,institutional conditions ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
The purpose of the article is to justify the possibility of the modernizing development of the region based on the rational use of the potential of a mixed economy of its territories. In contrast to the existing ideas about multiculturalism as a problem, demonstrating the structural imbalances in the economy of the region, the authors view it as a phenomenon that allows the region to provide a competitive advantage. The methodological base of this study is the convergence of the system, synergistic, institutional and endogenous approaches, and sharing a number of theories — growth poles, territorial industrial clusters, balanced development. The article shows the role of the institutional environment in realizing the potential of a diversified economy in the region. It formulates conceptual positions of the mechanism of regional strategizing aimed at the development of relations between territories with the different types of lifestyles. The basis of the interactions is the consensus of economic interests, compromise of competitive aspirations and market positions of the entities as equal partners. It is concluded that there is the need to change the existing system of regional strategizing in terms of strengthening its focus on the formation of the institutional channels for the communication of corporate, small-scale and farm structures. The recommendations on the potential of the mixed economy of the regions were used in the development of the Strategy of investment development for the Rostov region until 2020. more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Institutional & regulatory framework for island energy autonomy : the project of Tilos
- Author
-
Tsala, Stavroula, Φαραντούρης, Νικόλαος, Farantouris, Nikolaos, Σχολή Οικονομικών, Επιχειρηματικών και Διεθνών Σπουδών. Τμήμα Διεθνών και Ευρωπαϊκών Σπουδών, and Energy: Strategy, Law & Economics
- Subjects
Geopolitical framework ,Non-interconnected islands ,Regulatory framework ,Institutional framework ,Hybrid power station ,Energy autonomy ,Tilos project ,Renewable energy sources ,Economic framework - Abstract
The coverage of daily energy needs comes almost exclusively from conventional energy sources, i.e. oil, gasoline and coal. Despite their great contribution, they irreparably pollute the environment while they are consumed quite fast, causing their supplies to run short. Conversely, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are replenished through natural cycles and are considered practically inexhaustible. The sun, the wind, geothermal energy, organic materials such as wood and even household and agricultural waste are sources of energy, the supply of which is never exhausted. Moreover, their utilization for energy production does not burden the environment. But in addition, they mainly have low operating costs, which are not affected by the fluctuations of the international economy and in particular the prices of conventional fuels. Renewable energy sources are the modern answer to the earth's environmental problems and that is why their use is expanding more and more. Based on the above, both the European states and the entire global community are creating legislative frameworks in which the use of RES will be promoted and enforced. Looking at renewable energy initiatives that make the Greek islands energy autonomous, the Tilos project is an important innovative initiative aimed at both the island's energy upgrade using hybrid energy supply systems and the island's energy autonomy. In the light of this specific energy initiative, the present paper examines the European and domestic legal framework for the operation of renewable energy sources, the formation and organization of the Tilos program as well as its special characteristics, while proposing the possibility of future use of this hybrid method of energy production in the continental regions. more...
- Published
- 2023
16. APPLYING INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL IN IMPROVING AGRI-INDUSTRY AT REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
- Author
-
Sonja D. Radenković, Jelena Šaranović, Boban Stojanović, Zorana Kostić, and Bojan Jokić
- Subjects
economic framework ,business environment ,barriers ,intellectual capital ,Agriculture - Abstract
Analysis of the economic framework for doing business between Serbia and Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, that is under the interim civil and military administration of the United Nations, according to UN Resolution 1244 (hereinafter referred to as Kosovo*) aims to point of the need to eliminate barriers in doing business between Serbia and Kosovo*, making recommendation for improving the business environment. The research involved experts analyzed legal regulations governing the business environment in Kosovo* and carried out the research. They interviewed business people and representatives of companies from central Serbia and Kosovo*. The results of the survey enable the creation of a wider picture of company operations when crossing of the administrative crossings, identifying disturbances in the passage of goods and services, as well as formulating proposals to overcome existing barriers in doing business between business entities in central Serbia and the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The economics of the Manila Galleon
- Author
-
Javier Mejia
- Subjects
Globalization ,Economy ,Economic framework ,Economics ,Business and International Management ,China ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Pacific ocean ,Market conditions - Abstract
PurposeThis paper aims to offer a unified economic interpretation of the existing evidence on the Manila Galleon. It intends to be an introduction to the Manila Galleon for economists curious about long-term patterns in global trade, but who are not experts on economic history.Design/methodology/approachThe paper jointly presents quantitative and qualitative data to analyze in a critical way the existing work on the Manila Galleon. It proposes a conceptual model from the world-systems approach to reflect on the impact of this trade route. Evidence from two case studies, New Granada and Korea, accompany the model.FindingsThe paper finds that the Manila Galleon was only possible because of the temporary coincidence of a quite singular set of international circumstances and favorable local market conditions. The paper also finds that, despite its large effects on the global integration of silver markets, the Manila Galleon was a profoundly asymmetric activity that brought minor consequences to most of the world.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper shows the importance of additional studies providing systematic quantitative evidence on the Manila Galleon. The long tradition of an archival collection developed by historians offers a huge potential to this line of research. In addition, studies in regions different from Mexico, the Philippines, Spain and China would contribute to a better understanding of the Manila Galleon’s global consequences.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a series of reflections useful to think about the future challenges of global trade. These challenges require understanding the transformations that will come from profound technological change, massive reconfigurations of the geopolitical order and transitions in the long-term cycles of commodities. Because of their rare occurrence, these are forces hardly visible in recent history, making it necessary for the existence of long-term points of reference such as the Manila Galleon.Originality/valueThis paper brings together widespread evidence on the Manila Galleon and provides a unified interpretation of it. This opens the door for audiences who are not experts on the economic history of the period to discuss the topic, allowing them to reflect on its lessons for the modern world. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. «Solo el tiempo nos las declarará a todos»: el papel de Taiwán dentro del organigrama comercial y militar de la Gobernación de Filipinas durante la primera mitad del siglo XVII
- Author
-
José Miguel Herrera Reviriego
- Subjects
Modern history, 1453 ,Monarchy ,D204-475 ,Economic framework ,Political science ,D1-2009 ,History (General) and history of Europe ,taiwán ,filipinas ,comercio ,historia militar ,china ,History (General) ,Humanities ,CONQUEST - Abstract
espanolPara la Gobernacion de Filipinas, la isla de Taiwan, supuso desde finales del siglo XVI una importante fuente de incertidumbre tanto en el ambito comercial como militar, que acabaria provocando la conquista de su extremo norte en 1626. Durante los siguientes anos, la Monarquia se enfrentaria al reto de encajar esta nueva pieza en el entramado defensivo y economico preexistente. Pero diversos cambios acontecidos en el continente favorecieron que los planes iniciales para este territorio fueran desestimados. En este articulo, intentaremos aproximarnos al papel de jugo Taiwan en el Asia hispanica y como diversas alteraciones regionales acabaron por dejar a esta plaza sin atribuciones defensivas y comerciales propias. EnglishFor the Government of the Philippines, the island of Taiwan represented an important source of uncertainty both in the commercial and military fields, which would end up causing the conquest of its extreme north in 1626. During the following years, the Monarchy was would face the challenge of fitting this new piece into the pre-existing defensive and economic framework. But various changes that occurred in the continent favored the initial plans for this territory to be rejected. In this article, we will try to get closer to the role of Taiwan in Hispanic Asia and how various regional alterations ended up leaving this place without its own defensive and commercial prerogatives. more...
- Published
- 2021
19. Conclusions
- Author
-
Altmann, Matthias P. and Altmann, Matthias P.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Economics of Permissioned Blockchain Adoption
- Author
-
Fahad Saleh, Jay Sethuraman, Garud Iyengar, and Wenjun Wang
- Subjects
History ,Blockchain ,Polymers and Plastics ,Economic framework ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Supply chain ,Strategy and Management ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Microeconomics ,Incentive ,Economics ,Business and International Management ,Construct (philosophy) ,Welfare ,media_common - Abstract
We construct an economic framework for understanding the incentives of the participants of a permissioned blockchain for supply chains and other related industries. Our study aims to determine whether adoption of blockchain is socially beneficial and whether such adoption arises in equilibrium. We find that blockchain reduces information asymmetry for consumers, thereby enhancing consumer welfare. Consumer welfare gains can be sufficiently large that blockchain adoption is socially beneficial; nonetheless, we find that blockchain adoption does not arise in equilibrium. This situation arises because blockchain adoption costs are borne by manufacturers, and manufacturers cannot extract consumer gains through prices due to the competitive nature of the manufacturing sector. We offer a system of transfers to generate blockchain adoption in equilibrium when it is socially beneficial. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management. Funding: This research was partially supported by a seed grant from the Columbia–IBM Center for Blockchain and Data Transparency. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4532 . more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Network and Financial Aspects of Traffic Offloading With Small Cell as a Service.
- Author
-
Trakas, Panagiotis, Adelantado, Ferran, and Verikoukis, Christos
- Abstract
The densification of mobile networks with small cells (SCs) is one promising solution to address the explosive increase in data traffic. Due to their financial implementation requirements, which could not be met by mobile service providers (MSPs), the emergence of third parties that deploy SC networks creates new business opportunities. In this paper, we study the Small Cell as a Service (SCaaS) business model, where MSPs lease the SC infrastructure from a small-cell operator (SCO) to offload their traffic. In SCaaS, the SCO requires a licensed spectrum for the SC operation, which must be provided by MSPs. We introduce a proportional fair auction scheme for the SC capacity distribution and the corresponding transactions. We examine the MSPs’ profit and throughput for the dedicated and co-channel spectrum deployments, various SC deployments, and different levels of MSP competition in the auctions. We propose a learning mechanism that improves the bidders’ strategies for realistic cases without information in the traffic and the auctions. Extensive simulations give insight into SCaaS’s techno-economic aspects, the MSPs’ strategies, and their impact on the system. Finally, our results prove our mechanism’s efficiency, which performs similarly to the optimal social welfare-maximization optimal results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The stern review and the uncertainties in the economics of climate change
- Author
-
Peña, Vanessa, Baveye, Philippe C., editor, Laba, Magdeline, editor, and Mysiak, Jaroslav, editor
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Know More, Spend More? The Impact of Financial Literacy on Household Consumption
- Author
-
Dinkova, Milena, Kalwij, Adriaan, Alessie, Rob, Applied Econometrics, UU LEG Research UUSE Multidisciplinary Economics, Overig wetenschappelijk personeel, Applied Econometrics, UU LEG Research UUSE Multidisciplinary Economics, Overig wetenschappelijk personeel, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), and Research programme EEF more...
- Subjects
SCI and SSCI Journals ,Consumption (economics) ,Rate of return ,Economics and Econometrics ,Economic framework ,Elasticity of substitution ,Self-assessed financial literacy ,Food consumption ,Life-cycle model ,Financial literacy ,Economics ,Demographic economics ,Household consumption ,Public finance - Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between household consumption and financial literacy. The economic framework is a simple life-cycle model of consumption in which financial literacy affects the rate of return on assets. The theoretical predictions are that, for plausible values of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution, financial literacy is positively related to both the level of consumption and consumption growth. We empirically test these theoretical predictions with Dutch data from the LISS household panel. Our results provide evidence in favour of a positive association between non-durable consumption, and in particular food consumption, and financial literacy. No evidence is, however, found in favour of an association between consumption growth and financial literacy. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Assessing the Informational Content of Official Australian Bureau of Meteorology Forecasts of Wind Speed*
- Author
-
Lina Xu, Stan Hurn, and Jing Tian
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Meteorology ,Economic framework ,Applied economics ,Value (economics) ,Economics ,Rationality ,Metric (unit) ,Robustness (economics) ,Wind speed - Abstract
Understanding forecast revisions is critical for weather forecast users to determine the optimal timing for their planning decisions. A set of multi-horizon forecasts for wind speed produced by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for 12 weather stations in eastern Australia are examined. The forecasts are examined in terms of the econometric definition of rationality and, as a robustness check, the economic value of the forecasts is also assessed using a cost–loss model. It is demonstrated that while the forecasts exhibit some of the characteristics of rational forecasts, when official testing is introduced forecast rationality is rejected at all the weather stations considered. Furthermore, the behaviour of the forecasts is shown to be very erratic over the course of the day and over forecast horizons. Although there is some evidence that the official forecasts can provide positive economic value, this metric also indicates that there is substantial room for improvement. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. China’s One Belt, One Road: Vis À Vis a Market-based Alternative Transnational Economic Framework
- Author
-
Riad A. Ajami, Homa A. Karimi, and Kamel M. Abdallah
- Subjects
Market based ,Economy ,Economic framework ,Political science ,Business and International Management ,Chinese economy ,China ,General Business, Management and Accounting - Abstract
The Chinese leader, Xi Jinping, announced in 2013 an ambitious two-trade corridors: The One Belt and the One Road (OBOR) initiatives to link the Chinese economy with its neighbors to the West and t... more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Ways to Improve the Organizational and Economic Framework for the Use of Marketing in Agriculture in the Context of Modernization of the Economy
- Author
-
Shafiq Rahman Hotak
- Subjects
Economic framework ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Context (language use) ,Business ,Economic system ,Modernization theory - Abstract
After 20 years of neglect by international patrons, agriculture is now again in the headlines because high food prices are increasing food anxiety and poverty. In the coming years, it will be important to increase food productivity and production in developing countries, expressly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asian countries like Afghanistan with smallholders. This, however, wants finding viable solutions to a number of complex procedural, institutional, and policy issues, including land markets, research on seeds and inputs, agricultural extension, credit, rural organization, connection to markets, rural non-farm employment, trade policy and food price stabilization. This paper reviews what the economic poetry has to say on these topics. It debates in turn the role played by agriculture in the development course and the interactions between agriculture and other economic sectors, the determinants of the Green Revolt and the foundations of agricultural growth, issues of income diversification by farmers, approaches to rural growth, and issues of international trade policy and food security, which have been at the root of the crisis in agricultural commodity instability in recent years. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. salario justo en los teólogos jesuitas de la segunda escolástica: Luis de Molina, Francisco Suárez y Juan de Lugo
- Author
-
Alfredo Sierra Herrero, Sebastián Contreras Aguirre, and Alejandro Miranda Montecinos
- Subjects
Philosophy ,Work (electrical) ,Economic framework ,Labour law ,Political science ,Humanities - Abstract
En este texto se analizan las ideas sobre el salario justo expuestas por Francisco Suárez en sus Conselhos e pareceres. Los autores procuran mostrar que el Doctor Eximio revela una profunda preocupación por el aspecto humano-social del trabajo, acercándose en esta materia a algunos postulados del moderno derecho laboral. En este sentido, la posición de Suárez se diferencia de la sostenida por otros escolásticos de los siglos xvi-xvii, que se limitaron a discutir los problemas sobre la relación del trabajo y el salario justo dentro de un marco principalmente económico. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. DECISION FACTORS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - AN ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK.
- Author
-
Zander, Kai-Oliver and Renken, Katharina
- Subjects
THREE-dimensional printing ,MANUFACTURING industries ,MANUFACTURING processes ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,INDUSTRIAL efficiency ,ENGINEERING management - Abstract
Over the last two decades the term Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been developed, mainly originating from machines initially developed for rapid prototyping applications. Recent publications name AM as a potential paradigm shift in manufacturing. AM has been proven to increase manufacturing efficiency and generate an enhanced customer value through shorter lead times and a higher level of demand. While a general increase in number of AM machinery is predicted, the question inevitably arises whether certain processes are suitable for AM and if the potential benefit pays off the necessity of higher costs. The goal of this research is to identify important factors that determine the economic suitability of AM for manufacturing processes. The relevant factors are identified through a literature review of existing research which describes economic factors of AM and their inherent impact. From these factors an economic framework can be drawn, which supports the decision whether a manufacturing process should be designed traditionally or by utilizing AM. The framework is designed in an open way, so that an application in many scenarios seems possible. This study seeks to increase the understanding of economic factors of AM to allow engineering managers to make the best economical decision with respect to AM techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
29. ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF INDONESIA’S SUGAR INDUSTRY BASED ON ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK: STOCHASTIC METAFRONTIER ANALYSIS
- Author
-
Thinzar Win, Tri Haryanto, and Dyah Wulan Sari
- Subjects
Economic framework ,Sugar industry ,Economics ,Positive relationship ,Energy consumption ,Inefficiency ,Technology gap ,Productivity ,Agricultural economics ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
This study investigates the efficiency of energy use and technology gap in the Indonesian sugar industry and the factors influencing energy efficiency. Using the firm-level data of sugar mills in 42 regencies in Indonesia from 2010 to 2014, this study applies the meta stochastic frontier based on the input distance function. The metafrontier analysis is applied in sugar mills in the East Java province and other provinces in Indonesia. All the data used in this study are the secondary data taken from the Indonesian Central Board of Statistics. The results reveal that there is a large room to save energy consumption in this industry. The mills in East Java provinces have higher energy efficiency, technology gap ratio, and metafrontier energy efficiency compared to the mills in other provinces. According to the metafrontier energy efficiency, energy inefficiencies in both groups come from operational inefficiency and technology gap. The size of the mills and age of the mills have a positive relationship with the energy efficiency of sugar mills and the size of the mills is positively related to the technology gap ratio. Meanwhile, the productivity of labor and the types of ownership do not affect the energy efficiency and technology gap. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Prospect for an Economics Framework for Swarm
- Author
-
Bruun, Charlotte, Amman, Hans, editor, Nagurney, Anna, editor, Luna, Francesco, editor, and Perrone, Alessandro, editor
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. THE ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK OF ORGANIZED CRIME
- Author
-
E.S. Gafarov
- Subjects
Economic framework ,Political science ,Economic geography ,Organised crime - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Organizational and economic framework of municipal surface wastewater disposal
- Author
-
A.N. Syrov
- Subjects
Wastewater disposal ,Waste management ,Economic framework ,Environmental science - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Key considerations for an economic and legal framework facilitating medical travel
- Author
-
Saba eHinrichs, Sarah eBussmann, Christopher eDobyns, Ondřej eKácha, Nora eRatzmann, Julie eHolm Thorvaldsen, and Kai eRuggeri
- Subjects
Medical Tourism ,global health ,legal framework ,medical travel ,Economic framework ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Medical travel has the capacity to counter increasing costs of healthcare by creating new markets and increased revenue for health services, potentially benefiting local populations, economies and health care systems. This paper is part of a broad, comprehensive project aimed at developing a Global Health Access Policy (GHAP). It presents key issues to consider in terms of ensuring economic viability, sustainability, and limiting risk to the many stakeholders involved in the rapidly expanding industry of medical travel. The noted economic and legal barriers to medical travel are based on a synthesis of themes found in an extensive review of the available literature. Economic considerations when setting up a GHAP include a dynamic approach to pricing that is fair to the local population. Legal considerations include the implementation of international quality standards and the protection of the rights of those travelling as well as those of local populations in recipient countries. By taking into account these opportunities, the GHAP will more adequately address existing gaps in the economic and legal regulation of medical travel. more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Transnational Human Trafficking and Stigmatization in the Western Balkans--Bosnia And Herzegovina--Socio-Political and Economic Framework
- Author
-
Faruk Hadžić
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Politics ,Economic framework ,Political science ,Political economy ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Human trafficking ,02 engineering and technology ,0509 other social sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The study critically analyzes the root causal and consequential transnational human trafficking factors from the Balkan wars to the present, implying stigmatization discourse, gender-discriminatory climate, the role of masculinity by comprehensive bibliographic review, and insight into the socio-political and economic challenges by the participative observations and the BiH case study's, highlighting harmonization, improvement, and systemic transformation. It is a social phenomenon that requires a comprehensive (legal-social) approach, i.e., applying effective measures in terms of prevention, suppression, and the punishment of perpetrators with mandatory "regional "cooperation. Illegal economy, structural adjustment policies conditioned by international financial funds, systemic corruption, long-term transition, high unemployment, and economic migrations shape the region's economic climate and indirectly affect the state of phenomena. Ethnopolitical structures produce social (in)-stability, affecting the phenomena. Lack of political will and constant internal ethnopolitical conflicts impact the contrary course of initiatives to combat the phenomenon. Considerable attention to victims' social construction in judicial and social capital is critical due to the effects of destructive representation of misogyny elements on perpetuating sexist stereotypes that harm victims and further exploiting. Stigma in social justice significantly affects victimization dynamics, intertwining cultural, legal, conservative patterns, and structural violence continuation. The Western-Balkan states' legal double standards towards prostitution are discriminatory. Implementing adequate programs to reduce stigmatization while increasing institutional and general public exposure to victims who have made successful reintegration could be a productive aspect of the systemic transformation. Western-Balkan gender-discriminatory climate and masculinity's role in establishing an ethnonational political community based on conservative values remain insufficiently explored. Given the challenges of the current migrant crisis, the political level can ensure a coherent and coordinated EU and Western Balkans strategy in harmonizing and improving the existing normative solutions. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The position of the construction materials industry in the project of the mountain area economic framework of Kabardino-Balkaria
- Author
-
R.O. Kalov and T.Kh. Toguzaev
- Subjects
Economic framework ,Political science ,Regional science ,Position (finance) ,General Medicine - Abstract
Subject. This article discusses the prospects for the development of construction materials deposit mining in the mountain area of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Objectives. The article aims to identify and evaluate construction raw materials deposits on the balance sheet. Methods. For the study, we used statistical, predictive, and logical analyses, and the marginal costs and field research methods. Results. Based on the marginal and predicted individual cost methods, the article ranks raw materials sources for the feasibility and consistency of their involvement in operation. Conclusions. The article speaks about the feasibility of creating intra-valley complex production and raw materials hubs based on the processing of balance sheet reserves of construction raw materials for each mountain valley. In the medium term, production and raw materials hubs can become the supporting structural elements of the ecological and economic framework of the Republic's mountain area. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Editorial: How not to get published in the Journal of Consumer Behaviour : A guide to avoiding disappointment
- Author
-
Jacqueline K. Eastman and Steven D'Alessandro
- Subjects
Disappointment ,Social Psychology ,Economic framework ,medicine ,Economics ,Marketing ,medicine.symptom ,Applied Psychology ,Consumer behaviour - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Industrial Cores of the Economic Framework for Innovative Development of Southern Russian Regions
- Author
-
Lyudmila Matveeva
- Subjects
Development (topology) ,Economic framework ,Mechanical Engineering ,Regional science ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Business ,Management Science and Operations Research - Abstract
The imperatives of the spatial development of industry within regions of the South of Russia which have critical demand for innovations formed under the influence of external and internal factors, make necessary the search for new mechanisms that would create regional frameworks for innovation. Thus, taking into account the priority of the industrial sector in the innovative development of the region, the need to identify the borders of the frame of balanced innovation in this area confirms the relevance of the study. This article aims to discover the state and efficiency of using innovative potential of commercial actors that characterize the industrial landscape of the regions of the South of Russia as well as those that form frame matrices. The theoretical and methodological basis of this research is formed on the joint use of the system-synergetic, resource-efficient, process-targeted and endogenous approaches, as well as the combination of theories of industrial development, growth poles, balance and economic framework. In contrast to existing studies, the issue of making the industrial sector of the region innovative is analyzed from the point of view of the formation of an economic framework, the cores of which i.e. the nodes of business activity are the industrial drivers of the central territories, functioning in the cooperation with small and medium-sized innovatively active enterprises of the periphery. In order to achieve a balanced support of the framework for industrial innovation, the implementation of interregional projects, focusing on the creation of innovative clusters, is suggested. The structure of such clusters consists of industrial enterprises, which operate (or are ready for such a work) according to the import substitution model. The research concludes that the forms and scales of influence on the elements of measures in the economic framework that support innovative transformations in industry in certain regions of Southern Russia are determined not only by the state of the resource potential, but also by the specificity of certain territorial determinants, due to which these tasks should be directly connected to the goals of the social and economic development of the area under analysis. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Fisher-Modigliani-Miller organisational finance theory and the financialisation of contemporary societies
- Author
-
Tiago Cardao-Pito
- Subjects
biology ,060106 history of social sciences ,Economic framework ,General Arts and Humanities ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Miller ,06 humanities and the arts ,Neoclassical economics ,biology.organism_classification ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Coase theorem ,State (polity) ,Economics ,0601 history and archaeology ,Contemporary society ,media_common - Abstract
Apart from followers as Milton Friedman, Paul Samuelson, Ronald Coase, and Maurice Allais, most economists abandoned Irving Fisher’s economic framework after the post-1929 Great Crisis. Without cit... more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A generic economic framework for electric rate design with prosumers
- Author
-
Mahelet G. Fikru and Casey I. Canfield
- Subjects
Marginal cost ,Returns to scale ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Economic framework ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental economics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Grid ,Electricity generation ,Photovoltaics ,Distributed generation ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Economics ,General Materials Science ,Electricity ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Location-varying electric rates may incentivize distributed energy resources (DERs) with lower system costs. However, the distributional impact among prosumers versus traditional consumers is not clear. This study presents a generic economic framework for evaluating novel rate designs. The study derives conditions under which large solar systems impose a higher marginal cost on the grid and examines the implication of different rate designs for cross-subsidy. Our findings suggest that location-varying rates remove all cross-subsidy effects except in the case where returns to scale in electricity production are low. In addition, location-varying rates lower the electricity bill of prosumers and consumers. Location-varying rates may better incentivize DER adoption in locations that minimize system-level costs. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Social Inclusion; Practical Strategies to Promote Equality of Socio-Economics In Islamic Economic Framework
- Author
-
Dwi Sulastyawati
- Subjects
Economic framework ,Welfare economics ,Islam ,General Medicine ,Sociology - Abstract
Indonesian economic condition for the last decade increases its rate of economic growth. Unfortunately, it also raises the rate of inequality of income distribution of people. In this case, needed any integrated strategy to slow down inequality to attain equality of socio-economics of community. Social inclusion in Islamic economic perspective is one of the key policy ingredients to attain stable and just economic development of society. Social inclusion is focusing on creating conditions for equal opportunities and equal access for all in all aspect of life. Social inclusion means full and active participation of every member of society in all aspect of life including; civic, social, economic, and political activities. This paper will examine the concept of social inclusion focused on economical aspect. In this context, social inclusion can be understood as the process by which society combatting poverty. Combatting poverty means to remove the main factor of social exclusion. Participation and inclusiveness should structure the new approach to combating poverty. This requires paradigm shift from exclusion to inclusion. More than that it should be; ethical norm, moral imperative, allowable principal and societal purpose, and hand in hand with economic system of Islam. One of the strategies to promote equality of socio-economic is consideration, the concern on needs of individuals and group. Integrated objective from this subject is to reduce poverty, employment opportunity, and sustainable development. This is in line with the objective of Islamic economic system to attain equality of income distribution of all of society. Methodology of paper on this subject is developmental research. In developmental research, the theory of social inclusion is reproduced, rectified, and perfected in line with Islamic economic framework. There are many researches regarding social inclusion, this paper specifically discusses social inclusion in promoting equality of socio-economic in Islamic economic perspective. Keywords: Social inclusion, socio-economics, Islamic economic. Abstrak: Kondisi perekonomian Indonesia selama satu dekade terakhir meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan ekonominya. Sayangnya, hal tersebut juga meningkatkan tingkat ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan masyarakat. Dalam hal ini, diperlukan strategi terpadu untuk memperlambat ketimpangan untuk mencapai kesetaraan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Inklusi sosial dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam merupakan salah satu bahan kebijakan utama untuk mencapai pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat yang stabil dan berkeadilan. Inklusi sosial berfokus pada penciptaan kondisi untuk kesempatan yang sama dan akses yang sama untuk semua dalam semua aspek kehidupan. Inklusi sosial berarti partisipasi penuh dan aktif dari setiap anggota masyarakat dalam semua aspek kehidupan termasuk; kegiatan sipil, sosial, ekonomi, dan politik. Makalah ini akan mengkaji konsep inklusi sosial yang difokuskan pada aspek ekonomi. Dalam konteks ini, inklusi sosial dapat dipahami sebagai proses yang digunakan masyarakat untuk memerangi kemiskinan. Memerangi kemiskinan berarti menghilangkan faktor utama pengucilan sosial. Partisipasi dan inklusivitas harus menyusun pendekatan baru untuk memerangi kemiskinan. Hal ini membutuhkan pergeseran paradigma dari eksklusi ke inklusi. Lebih dari itu seharusnya; norma etika, keharusan moral, prinsip dan tujuan masyarakat yang diperbolehkan, dan sejalan dengan sistem ekonomi Islam. Salah satu strategi untuk mendorong pemerataan sosial ekonomi adalah dengan memperhatikan kebutuhan individu dan kelompok. Tujuan terpadu dari mata pelajaran ini adalah untuk mengurangi kemiskinan, kesempatan kerja, dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Hal ini sejalan dengan tujuan sistem ekonomi Islam untuk mencapai pemerataan distribusi pendapatan seluruh masyarakat. Metodologi penulisan pada subjek ini adalah penelitian pengembangan. Dalam penelitian pembangunan, teori inklusi sosial direproduksi, diperbaiki, dan disempurnakan sejalan dengan kerangka ekonomi Islam. Banyak penelitian mengenai inklusi sosial, tulisan ini secara khusus membahas tentang inklusi sosial dalam mempromosikan kesetaraan sosial ekonomi dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Kata kunci: Inklusi sosial, sosial ekonomi, ekonomi Islam. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. How can experiments play a greater role in public policy? Twelve proposals from an economic model of scaling
- Author
-
John A. List, Claire Mackevicius, Min Sok Lee, Omar Al-Ubaydli, and Dana L. Suskind
- Subjects
Economic framework ,business.industry ,Carve out ,05 social sciences ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Public policy ,Scientific experiment ,Public relations ,Original research ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Political science ,Scale (social sciences) ,0502 economics and business ,Scalability ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Economic model ,030212 general & internal medicine ,050207 economics ,business - Abstract
Policymakers are increasingly turning to insights gained from the experimental method as a means to inform large-scale public policies. Critics view this increased usage as premature, pointing to the fact that many experimentally tested programs fail to deliver their promise at scale. Under this view, the experimental approach drives too much public policy. Yet, if policymakers could be more confident that the original research findings would be delivered at scale, even the staunchest critics would carve out a larger role for experiments to inform policy. Leveraging the economic framework of Al-Ubaydli et al. (2019), we put forward 12 simple proposals, spanning researchers, policymakers, funders and stakeholders, which together tackle the most vexing scalability threats. The framework highlights that only after we deepen our understanding of the scale-up problem will we be on solid ground to argue that scientific experiments should hold a more prominent place in the policymaker's quiver. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Excessive Valuation of Social Interaction in Text-Message Dependency: A Behavioral Economic Demand Analysis
- Author
-
Yusuke Hayashi and Glenn P. Blessington
- Subjects
050103 clinical psychology ,Economic framework ,Economic demand ,05 social sciences ,Impulsivity ,Text message ,Social relation ,Demand analysis ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Econometrics ,Text messaging ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,Valuation (finance) - Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a behavioral economic framework of demand analysis can be used to characterize text-message dependency. To this end, we developed a novel hypothetical task using likelihood measures to quantify demand for social interaction through text messaging. Participants completed the hypothetical demand task in which they rated their likelihood of paying an extra charge, ranging from $0.10 to $80, to continue text messaging after reaching their monthly limit. The demand for social interaction from text messaging was more intense and less elastic for the participants with higher levels of text-message dependency compared to those with lower levels of text-message dependency. The results of this proof-of-concept study support the utility of behavioral economic demand analysis for characterizing text-message dependency. In addition, the greater intensity and lesser elasticity of the demand for social interaction shown by text-dependent participants suggests that text-message dependency can be characterized by both excessiveness and persistence of the behavior, similar to other impulsivity related problems. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Non-safety Assessments of Genome-Edited Organisms: Should They be Included in Regulation?
- Author
-
Bjørn K. Myskja and Anne Ingeborg Myhr
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Warrant ,Health (social science) ,Economic framework ,Control (management) ,Norwegian Gene Technology Act ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Ethical impacts ,Humans ,Original Research/Scholarship ,Gene Editing ,business.industry ,GMO ,Norway ,Health Policy ,Agriculture ,Social utility ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,030104 developmental biology ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Sustainability ,CRISPR ,Gene technology ,Business ,Patent system ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
This article presents and evaluates arguments supporting that an approval procedure for genome-edited organisms for food or feed should include a broad assessment of societal, ethical and environmental concerns; so-called non-safety assessment. The core of analysis is the requirement of the Norwegian Gene Technology Act that the sustainability, ethical and societal impacts of a genetically modified organism should be assessed prior to regulatory approval of the novel products. The article gives an overview how this requirement has been implemented in the regulatory practice, demonstrating that such assessment is feasible and justified. Even in situations where genome-edited organisms are considered comparable to non-modified organisms in terms of risk, the technology may have—in addition to social benefits—negative impacts that warrant assessments of the kind required in the Act. The main reason is the disruptive character of the genome editing technologies due to their potential for novel, ground-breaking solutions in agriculture and aquaculture combined with the economic framework shaped by the patent system. Food is fundamental for a good life, biologically and culturally, which warrants stricter assessment procedures than what is required for other industries, at least in countries like Norway with a strong tradition for national control over agricultural markets and breeding programs. more...
- Published
- 2020
44. Developing A New Operation-Economic Framework for Irrigation Networks without Water Market
- Author
-
S. M. Hashemy Shahdany, B. Zahraei, and Yousef Hassani
- Subjects
Irrigation ,economic value of water ,business.industry ,Natural resource economics ,Economic framework ,Agriculture (General) ,Agriculture ,irrigation district ,Natural resource ,S1-972 ,Water market ,economic simulation ,operational management ,business - Abstract
This study focused on proposing a new operational perspective within main and lateral irrigation canals based on the economic value of water. To achieve this objective, the operation-economic framework offered in this study consisted of two main components of the PMP model and Operation model. The estimated economic values of water in different regions of the network were employed as the starting point for connecting the economic model with the operation model. It is worth mentioning that the technical perspective targeting adequacy of water distribution within the canals was modified in this study to be applied for the operation-economic framework since the original forms of the indicator were based on physical inherent of the water. Roodasht Irrigation District, located at Zayandeh-Rud basin, was selected as the case study, and the proposed framework was tested on the district. The obtained results revealed that in response to implementing the proposed framework in water distribution within the canal under the water shortage condition, alfalfa and safflower were the two crops those cultivation was decreased drastically in comparison with the other crops. The primary reason for the decrease was the lower values of the economic value of water for these two crops. Also ,the results of the canal operation appraisal from the adequacy of water delivery revealed that for the traditional operating system (without considering the economic perspective), the maximum values of the adequacy indicator were obtained for the upstream four canal reaches. On the other hand, the off-takes numbers of 1, 6, 5, and 12 got the maximum values of the adequacy indicator when the proposed operation-economic framework was applied for the canal system. more...
- Published
- 2020
45. An Economic Perspective on Algorithmic Fairness
- Author
-
Jon Kleinberg, Sendhil Mullainathan, Ashesh Rambachan, and Jens Ludwig
- Subjects
Economic framework ,Computer science ,Perspective (graphical) ,General Medicine ,Data science - Abstract
There are widespread concerns that the growing use of machine learning algorithms in important decisions may reproduce and reinforce existing discrimination against legally protected groups. Most of the attention to date on issues of “algorithmic bias” or “algorithmic fairness” has come from computer scientists and machine learning researchers. We argue that concerns about algorithmic fairness are at least as much about questions of how discrimination manifests itself in data, decision-making under uncertainty, and optimal regulation. To fully answer these questions, an economic framework is necessary--and as a result, economists have much to contribute. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK FOR GAS PIPELINE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
- Author
-
Chijioke Nwaozuzu, Henry Biose, and Adewale Dosunmu
- Subjects
Discounted payback period ,Economic indicator ,Natural resource economics ,Natural gas ,business.industry ,Natural Gaspipeline ,Economic Model ,Economic Framework ,Sustainable Economic Development ,Internal rate of return ,Economic model ,Profitability index ,business ,Net present value ,Discounted cash flow - Abstract
The paper present an economic model and framework for the development of natural gas pipeline for sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The study reviewed the economics of natural gas pipeline development in Nigeria. The research formulated an economic model for a case study of Calabar to Ajaokuta 417km gas pipeline project and a discounted cash flow for an economic life of 40 years. The project economics indicates a Net Present Value (NPV) of 12.5 billion USD with a discounted payback period of 7 years and 9 nine months, Profitability Index (PI) of 7.30, Internal Rate of Return of 23.05% and Growth Rate of Return 26.97% and these project economic indicator shows that the gas pipeline investment is viable. This study provides an economic model that would guarantee security of gas supply, provide access to clean energy and provides an economic framework to support long term natural gas pipeline development in Nigeria more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Winning hearts and minds: A critical analysis of independent media development in Afghanistan
- Author
-
Azeta Hatef and Tanner R. Cooke
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Politics ,Economic framework ,Communication ,Critical geopolitics ,Political economy ,Political science ,Independent media - Abstract
Utilizing a political economic framework, this study investigates the development and expansion of independent media in Afghanistan, focusing on one of the largest private media companies in the co... more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Harnessing a behavioral economic framework for supporting providers in improving early childhood care
- Author
-
Michelle Spiegel, Zoelene Hill, and Lisa A. Gennetian
- Subjects
School readiness ,Early childhood education ,Poverty ,Economic framework ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Behavioral economics ,Education ,Developmental psychology ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Early childhood ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Socioeconomic status ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
High-quality early care and education is increasingly viewed as a path toward narrowing socioeconomic gaps in children’s school readiness and development. Features of early childhood education envi... more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Rethinking the allocation criteria of the labour law rights and protections: A risk-based approach
- Author
-
Federico Fusco
- Subjects
Subordination (finance) ,Economic framework ,Labour law ,Economics ,Risk-based testing ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,Law and economics ,Gig economy - Abstract
The present paper investigates the ongoing validity of the notion of subordination as selection criteria to allocate the labour protections in the contemporary economic framework. The gig economy is deeply affecting the way of working, transforming the employee in a service provider. This phenomenon is partially due to the progressive shift from a firm-based production model towards a market transaction based one. Although its lawfulness is still unclear, it highlights that the way of working is changing in a way that struggles to fit into the classic legal categories. This is mainly due to the fact that the labour protections are usually bestowed moving from a notion of subordination highly focused on the organisational element. Thus, economic actors suffering from the same economic weakness of the employees, but organisationally independent, struggle to obtain the necessary protections. Moving from those remarks the author suggests rethinking the allocation criteria of the labour protections, adopting economic weakness as the main criterion. This category should encompass all the individuals performing a working activity that are not able to significantly influence its financial outcome. The aim of such reform should be to extend the labour protections to all the subjects needing them. The final part of the paper investigates the possible solutions under the current legal framework. The major finding is that under certain circumstances the gig workers can be qualified as temporary employees not of the platform, but of the contractor. In this scenario, the digital platforms should be deemed as job-placement service providers and, thus, they should comply with the relevant provisions. These include the eventual need of administrative authorisations and the free-of-charge principle, whose violations represent, in several jurisdictions, a criminal offence more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Industrial Policy—An Institutional Economic Framework for Assessment
- Author
-
Wilfred Dolfsma and Łukasz Mamica
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Public economics ,Economic framework ,05 social sciences ,Business Management & Organisation ,Public policy ,Industrial policy ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,0506 political science ,government policy ,policy assessment ,0502 economics and business ,050602 political science & public administration ,Business ,050207 economics ,industrial policy - Abstract
In this article we suggest an institutional economic approach to classifying government policies, thus offering suggestions to improve the expected outcomes of government policy as well. We elaborate the argument for industrial policy-government policy to directly influence investment and resource allocation decisions by private companies. By adopting dimensions for industries that are stable over time, we can suggest which policies are suitable for which industries. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.