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The treatment modality of laryngeal cancer is complete resection of the primary lesion and dissection of the cervical lymph nodes that is related to their staging. Following the patient without neck dissection is the usual expectation in T1 glottic carcinomas. However, a combination of elective neck dissection with surgical treatment for clinically N0 neck in early glottic tumors may be an effective treatment modality in the prevention of missed micrometastases. In these two case reports, elective neck dissection and re-examination of the treatment were discussed accordingly. We aimed to point out the importance of evaluation, examination, and, if it is uncertain, moreover the dissection of lymph nodes in early-stage glottic carcinoma since there are rarely any studies available.

Objective:We aimed to reveal whether the vascular loop variations created by the antero-inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and the internal acoustic canal (IAC) can be a cause, that can affect laterality of tinnitus and cause hearing loss.Methods:The data and the magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected retrospectively and 109 patients with tinnitus were included in the study. Data were recorded according to the patients’ duration and laterality of tinnitus, laterality, type and frequency of hearing loss ,contact type and extension of AICA with remarking the side of the vascular loop.Results:A statistically significant difference was found in between the left ear high frequency (HF) hearing loss (p=0.042) and extension type of the AICA. Also showed statistically significant results in between left sided tinnitus (p=0.030) and the Chavda classification. Besides the patients who had right sided tinnitus, was found to be in relation with the right sided contact type as the p value was 0.023.Conclusion:Our results suggest that AICA variations in CPA and IAC can cause HF hearing loss as well as particularly affect the side of tinnitus. Nevertheless, this relationship must be confirmed by more advanced audiological and imaging techniques.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the pathogenesis of sinonasal polyps.MethodsStudy group (groups 1-3) consisted of nasal polyp samples of patients with sinonasal polyps and the control group consisted of inferior turbinate samples of patients without nasal polyp. In group 1, 14 specimens from ethmoid sinus; in group 2, 10 specimens from nasal cavity; in group 3, 10 specimens from maxillary sinus; and in group 4 (control), 9 specimens from inferior turbinate were included. By immunohistochemical staining technique, the PDGF positivity index (PI) in mucosal layers and in the inflammatory cells were assessed at the epithelium (EP), subepithelial layer of lamina propria (SE), and deep paraglandular layer of the mucosa (D).ResultsPolymorphonuclear cell (PMNC)-percentage (%) values of ethmoid and maxillary sinus, and the PDGF PI from all cells of ethmoid sinus and nasal cavity were significantly higher than those of the control group. As mononuclear cell-% (MNC-%) increased, the PDGF_EP_basal PI, PDGF_SE_endothelial PI, and PDGF_D_endothelial PI decreased. As PMNC-PDGF PI increased, the PDGF_D_perivascular PI decreased and PDGF_D_endothelial PI increased. As PDGF-MNC PI increased, the PDGF_EP_apical PI, PDGF_SE_endothelial PI, and PDGF_D_endothelial PI decreased. As PDGF-all cells (PMNCs, MNCs, and fibroblasts) PI increased, the PDGF_EP_basal PI and PDGF_D_endothelial PI decreased, and the PDGF_D_perivascular PI increased.ConclusionWe concluded that the PDGF systems play important roles in polyp pathogenesis. Fibroblast-derived PDGF may be more important than MNC-derived PDGF in polyp developing process. Increased perivascular-PDGF-PI in deep layers of the mucosa may result in sinonasal polyp formation by causing an increase in vascular permeability and extracellular edema, and thus promoting migration of inflammatory cells to extracellular area. Tissue oxygenization may be important for the initiation of PDGF release system. Because of this reason, nasal obstruction should be medically treated earlier, and, if necessary, by surgical approaches.