24 results on '"Edenborn, S.L."'
Search Results
2. DGGE fingerprinting of culturable soil bacterial communities complements culture-independent analyses
- Author
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Edenborn, S.L., primary and Sexstone, A.J., additional
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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3. Biofertilization with Liquid Vermicompost-Activated Biochar Enhances Microbial Activity and Soil Properties.
- Author
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Carril, Pablo, Becagli, Michelangelo, Celletti, Silvia, Fedeli, Riccardo, Loppi, Stefano, and Cardelli, Roberto
- Subjects
BIOCHAR ,SOIL management ,SOIL fertility ,CROP yields ,SOILS - Abstract
Biochar (Bc) and liquid vermicompost extracts (LVEs) are increasingly being used as biofertilizers in agriculture to promote soil-microbe-crop interactions. However, although both these products can potentially act synergistically due to their complementary characteristics, their co-application in different soils has not yet been investigated. Therefore, firstly, an LVE-activated biochar (B
LVE ) was experimentally formulated and the persistence of LVE bacteria over a 60-day storage period was determined. The total number of LVE bacteria increased by 10-fold after 7 days and was stable throughout the entire biochar storage period. In addition, changes in the composition of the bacterial community were observed after 30 days of storage, indicating that taxa less represented in pure LVE may be advantaged upon biochar colonization. Secondly, a microcosm experiment was performed to evaluate whether the biological fertility and enzyme activities of two soils, differing in organic matter content, could be enhanced by the addition of LVE-activated biochar. In this experiment, three different doses of Bc, LVE, and BLVE against the carbon-related biological fertility index (i.e., biological fertility index, BFI) and three enzyme activities over a 21-day incubation period were tested. The BLVE treatment yielded the best results (i.e., BFI +32%, enzyme activities +38%). This indicates that Bc and LVEs can act synergistically to promote soil fertility, quality, and microbial activity. By integrating LVE-activated biochar into their soil management practices, farmers could achieve higher crop yields and healthier products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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4. Population Dynamics and Feeding Preferences of Three Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes on Different Bacteria Species.
- Author
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Zhou, Yiqun, Zheng, Hao, Gao, Dandan, and Zhao, Jie
- Subjects
POPULATION dynamics ,SOIL nematodes ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,NEMATODES ,LIFE history theory ,BACILLUS thuringiensis ,CAENORHABDITIS elegans ,PREDATION - Abstract
Soil food webs are extremely complex as they contain diverse organisms. Feeding preference, also known as prey selection, is an important determinant of soil community compositions. However, the feeding preferences of nematodes are commonly ignored in ecology research. In this paper, the population dynamics and feeding preferences of three bacterial-feeding nematodes (i.e., Caenorhabditis elegans, Protorhabditis spp., and Acrobeloides spp.) for eight bacterial prey species were evaluated. Protorhabditis and Acrobeloides were isolated from a paddy soil in subtropical China. C. elegans, the most common model system for biological research, was used as a control in this study, and it was revealed that C. elegans could feed on all the eight bacteria strains. Protorhabditis could only survive when fed E. coli and Bacillus thuringiensis. Acrobeloides could only survive when fed E. coli and B. aryabhattai. During 10 days of culture, C. elegans populations reached the maximum in 5–7 days, and most C. elegans populations exceeded 10,000 individuals. The two Protorhabditis populations on E. coli and Bacillus thuringiensis included less than 800 individuals during 10 days of culture. Acrobeloides population on B. aryabhattai reached the maximum (7799 individuals) on day 8, while on E. coli was its population included less than 500 individuals. These results indicate that different nematode species indeed have distinct feeding preferences. In addition, the population dynamics of the two soil nematodes isolated from soil could not fully match with their inferred life-history strategies (i.e., cp values, and a 1-5 colonizer-p-ersister series that range from r-strategists to K-strategists). Our findings highlights the existing deficiencies in the understanding of the feeding behavior and the life-history strategies of soil nematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
5. The Use of Compost Tea in a Containerized Urban Tree Nursery Shows No Evident Benefits to Tree Growth or Mycorrhizal Colonization.
- Author
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Du, Dan, Livesley, Stephen J., Arndt, Stefan K., Truong, Camille, and Miller, Rebecca E.
- Subjects
FUNGAL colonies ,TREE growth ,URBAN trees ,PLANT colonization ,COMPOSTING ,VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas ,PLANT nutrition - Abstract
Compost tea is a liquid organic amendment that has been reported to benefit plant growth and performance through positive effects on microbial communities and plant nutrition. However, few studies have demonstrated this for containerized plants produced in tree nurseries. Five common urban tree species (Acer negundo, Corymbia maculata, Ficus platypoda, Hymenosporum flavum, Jacaranda mimosifolia) were grown in a containerized experiment to investigate the effects of compost tea application on tree growth and root mycorrhizal colonization over six months. The microbial composition of compost tea was also determined with 16S (bacteria) and ITS1 (fungi) metabarcoding. No significant positive effect of compost tea on plant growth or root mycorrhizal colonization was observed. Roots of all tree species were colonized by one type of mycorrhizal fungi, ectomycorrhizae (ECM), or vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM). However, no relationship between the mycorrhizal colonization percentage and plant growth was detected. Thus, there was no evidence that a once-off application of compost tea had benefits for mycorrhizal colonization and growth of containerized trees in a nursery setting. Further research is needed to investigate whether any benefit from compost tea is evident once containerized trees are planted into urban landscapes where growth conditions may be more challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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6. Poplar Sawdust Biochar Altered Community Composition of Dominant Soil Fungi but Not Bacteria Depending on Pyrolysis Temperature.
- Author
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Jin, Yuanyuan, Tian, Ye, Yang, Rui, Li, Wenhao, Liu, Chengyu, and Li, Tong
- Subjects
WOOD waste ,BIOCHAR ,SOIL fungi ,SOIL composition ,ORGANIC wastes ,FUNGAL communities ,POPLARS - Abstract
There is a growing focus on the production of biochar from organic wastes and its forestry use. However, it is unclear how applying biochar pyrolyzed at different temperatures influences both soil bacterial and fungal communities. In this study, two kinds of biochar were pyrolyzed at 350 °C and 600 °C, from poplar sawdust, and then applied as an auxiliary substrate material (15% addition by volume) for the container seedling cultivation of Cyclocarya paliurus, a native timber and medically used tree species, to compare the response of the soil's microbial traits. The results showed that after 5 months of cultivation, the addition of the biochar application improved the soil's physical and chemical properties to a certain extent by decreasing its bulk density and increasing its field water-holding capacity, pH and organic carbon content. The soil's pH and content of organic C, available N and available P were significantly higher in the substrate with the addition of the biochar pyrolyzed at 600 °C (Bioc600) than in that of the substrate with added pyrolyzed biochar at 350 °C (Bioc350). The biochar application also enhanced the soil's microbial N (MBN) but showed no changes in the MBC/MBN ratio. The biochar application had no effect on the diversity and composition of the soil's bacterial community, but showed a certain effect on its fungal community composition and had different influences between low and high pyrolysis temperatures. The relative abundance of several of the dominant fungal phyla and genera increased with the addition of biochar due to the increase in the soil's pH when compared to the CK (no biochar or sawdust addition). When compared with Bioc350, the dominant phylum Basidiomycota and genus Vanrija further increased in abundance with Bioc600. These findings reveal the consistent effects of biochar pyrolysis temperature and demonstrate the different regulatory roles of biochar application in soil bacterial and fungal communities, providing valuable information on how biochar can effectively be used as a substrate for seedling cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. Biological control of plant diseases – What has been achieved and what is the direction?
- Author
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Collinge, David B., Jensen, Dan Funck, Rabiey, Mojgan, Sarrocco, Sabrina, Shaw, Michael W., and Shaw, Richard H.
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PLANT diseases ,BIOLOGICAL pest control agents ,PREVENTIVE medicine ,NATURAL immunity ,DISEASE management ,BIOPESTICIDES - Abstract
The global sustainability agenda is increasing the demand for reduction in inputs into agricultural production while maintaining profitable yield of quality products. Plant diseases are a major constraint for both yield and product quality, but often tools for their control are ineffective or lacking. Biological control using antagonistic microorganisms has long been a subject of research resulting in a wide range of products that are now available and marketed in specific territories around the world. These preparations are often niche products with narrow uses. The research effort is intense both to develop new biological control agents (BCAs) and to obtain knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biological disease control. The prospects for biological control are promising. As a minimum, BCAs supplement other sustainable disease management practices such as disease resistance, and present opportunities for controlling diseases for which other approaches are ineffective or unavailable. We can realistically expect increasing use of BCAs to control crop diseases in ways that will benefit the environment. This review paper arose from a webinar held by the British Society for Plant Pathology as part of the International Year of Plant Heath (IYPH2020), at which many of the 300 participants posed or discussed interesting questions. This review is based on that input and the panel members at the webinar are all included as co‐authors in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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8. Conditional filamentation as an adaptive trait of bacteria and its ecological significance in soils.
- Author
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Karasz, David C., Weaver, Anna I., Buckley, Daniel H., and Wilhelm, Roland C.
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CONDITIONED response ,BACTERIAL physiology ,SOILS ,CELL morphology ,BACTERIA - Abstract
Summary: Bacteria can regulate cell morphology in response to environmental conditions, altering their physiological and metabolic characteristics to improve survival. Conditional filamentation, in which cells suspend division while continuing lateral growth, is a strategy with a range of adaptive benefits. Here, we review the causes and consequences of conditional filamentation with respect to bacterial physiology, ecology and evolution. We describe four major benefits from conditional filamentation: stress tolerance, surface colonization, gradient spanning and the facilitation of biotic interactions. Adopting a filamentous growth habit involves fitness trade‐offs which are also examined. We focus on the role of conditional filamentation in soil habitats, where filamentous morphotypes are highly prevalent and where environmental heterogeneity can benefit a conditional response. To illustrate the use of information presented in our review, we tested the conditions regulating filamentation by the forest soil isolate Paraburkholderia elongata 5NT. Filamentation by P. elongata was induced at elevated phosphate concentrations, and was associated with the accumulation of intracellular polyphosphate, highlighting the role of filamentation in a phosphate‐solubilizing bacterium. Conditional filamentation enables bacteria to optimize their growth and metabolism in environments that are highly variable, a trait that can impact succession, symbioses, and biogeochemistry in soil environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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9. Micro-Food Web Structure Shapes Rhizosphere Microbial Communities and Growth in Oak.
- Author
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Maboreke, Hazel R., Bartel, Veronika, Seiml-Buchinger, René, and Ruess, Liliane
- Subjects
RHIZOSPHERE microbiology ,MICROBIAL ecology - Abstract
The multitrophic interactions in the rhizosphere impose significant impacts on microbial community structure and function, affecting nutrient mineralisation and consequently plant performance. However, particularly for long-lived plants such as forest trees, the mechanisms by which trophic structure of the micro-food web governs rhizosphere microorganisms are still poorly understood. This study addresses the role of nematodes, as a major component of the soil micro-food web, in influencing the microbial abundance and community structure as well as tree growth. In a greenhouse experiment with Pedunculate Oak seedlings were grown in soil, where the nematode trophic structure was manipulated by altering the proportion of functional groups (i.e., bacterial, fungal, and plant feeders) in a full factorial design. The influence on the rhizosphere microbial community, the ectomycorrhizal symbiont Piloderma croceum, and oak growth, was assessed. Soil phospholipid fatty acids were employed to determine changes in the microbial communities. Increased density of singular nematode functional groups showed minor impact by increasing the biomass of single microbial groups (e.g., plant feeders that of Gram-negative bacteria), except fungal feeders, which resulted in a decline of all microorganisms in the soil. In contrast, inoculation of two or three nematode groups promoted microbial biomass and altered the community structure in favour of bacteria, thereby counteracting negative impact of single groups. These findings highlight that the collective action of trophic groups in the soil micro-food web can result in microbial community changes promoting the fitness of the tree, thereby alleviating the negative effects of individual functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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10. Assessment of the bacterial community diversity associated with the queen conch Strombus gigas (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Caribbean coast of Colombia using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and culturing.
- Author
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Carrascal, Olga María Pérez, Elorza, Moisés Posada, Restrepo, Gloria Ester Cadavid, and Herrera, Claudia Ximena Moreno
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BACTERIAL diversity ,QUEEN conch ,DENATURING gradient gel electrophoresis ,BIODIVERSITY ,METABOLISM ,MICROBIOLOGY - Abstract
The biotic diversity of Strombus gigas has not been thoroughly studied despite the status of the queen conch as an important ecological resource. The bacteria associated with the conch influence their host in several ways, including through the metabolism of nutrients, protection against invasive bacteria and the regulation of the physical conditions. In this study, conventional microbiological methods and molecular tools such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE) were used to assess the composition of the bacterial communities associated with the queen conch ( S. gigas) in wild and captive habitats in Colombia. A genetic analysis of the bacterial communities revealed a high level of diversity based on the large number of bands detected using DGGE. In addition, differences in bacterial community structure were found between the conchs in captivity and the wild populations. The dominant phylogenetic affiliations of the bacteria, as determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were grouped into four classes, namely, Betaproteobacteria (16%), Gammaproteobacteria (70%), Firmicutes (7%) and Actinobacteria (2%). These groups are related to host defence processes and the decomposition of organic matter. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis of the cultured bacteria and the resulting DGGE profiles are useful tools for characterizing the diversity of the bacteria associated with the analyzed conchs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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11. Limited feeding on bacteria by two intertidal benthic copepod species as revealed by trophic biomarkers.
- Author
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Cnudde, Clio, Moens, Tom, Hoste, Bart, Willems, Anne, and De Troch, Marleen
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BIOMARKERS ,MICROBIAL ecology ,BIOFILMS ,HARPACTICOIDA ,RIBOSOMAL proteins ,SALT marshes - Abstract
Harpacticoids can discriminate between biofilms of different bacterial strains. We investigated whether assimilation of bacteria is selective and whether harpacticoids select for the most nutritional bacteria. We specifically focused on the role of bacterial characteristics in copepod food selection. Trophic biomarkers (stable isotopes, fatty acids) were used to test selective assimilation of three bacteria by the harpacticoids Platychelipus littoralis and Delavalia palustris, all isolated from a salt marsh. The bacteria Gramella sp., Jannaschia sp. and Photobacterium sp. with contrasting ribosomal protein and fatty acid contents were
13 C-labelled and offered in a food patch choice experiment with monospecific and combination treatments (single and two strains per microcosm respectively). Low assimilation of bacterial carbon and lack of significant fatty acid transfer proved that bacteria were a poor food source for the harpacticoids. Assimilation was copepod species-specific and bacteria strain-specific (preference for Photobacterium). However, only a low degree of selective feeding occurred; it can partly be explained by bacterial extracellular metabolites rather than by biochemical content and densities. Finally, the energetic cost of differential bacterivory resulted in a negative fatty acid balance for Platychelipus, while Delavalia showed an improved fatty acid profile and thus a positive response to the low-quality bacterial food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2013
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12. Soil dissipation of juvenile hormone analog insecticide pyriproxyfen and its effect on the bacterial community.
- Author
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Chang, ChingS., Yen, JuiH., Chen, WenC., and Wang, YeiS.
- Subjects
BIODEGRADATION ,MICROBIAL ecology ,JUVENILE hormones ,BACTERIAL diversity ,BIOTIC communities ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,GEL electrophoresis - Abstract
This investigation was undertaken to examine the dissipation rate of pyriproxyfen as well as the change in the soil bacterial community. Residues of pyriproxyfen were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the changes in bacterial community were determined by comparing the 16S rDNA bands on patterns by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The dissipation of pyriproxyfen was affected by both the concentration applied and incubation temperature. Lower concentrations (1 mg Kg−1) and higher incubation temperatures (30 and 40°C) showed more rapid dissipation rates. The population of microbial community decreased rapidly after incubation with 10 mg Kg−1 of pyriproxyfen for 91 days, indicating the toxicity of pyriproxyfen toward bacterial communities in a closed soil ecosystem. Lower concentrations of pyriproxyfen showed less toxicity toward the microbial community. From cluster analysis, the structure of the bacterial community showed roughly a 60 % similarity throughout the experiment period in the control experiment, indicating the stability within soil microbiota without chemical agitation. However, the similarity was lower than 50 % both in the one and 10 mg Kg−1 of insecticide pyriproxyfen spiked experiment, indicating the soil bacterial community changed after the insecticide pyriproxyfen was applied. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
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13. Interference between bacterial feeding nematodes and amoebae relies on innate and inducible mutual toxicity.
- Author
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Neidig, Nina, Jousset, Alexandre, Nunes, Frank, Bonkowski, Michael, Paul, Rüdiger J., and Scheu, Stefan
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NEMATODES ,AMOEBIDA ,COMPETITIVE exclusion (Microbiology) ,PROTISTA ,GLYCOSIDASES ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes - Abstract
1. Protozoa and nematodes are important microfauna predators in soil and compete for the same food resource, bacteria. Therefore, inhibition of competitors may enhance food acquisition and fitness of individual predator species. 2. We investigated chemical based interference between the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii in a bacteria-free gnotobiotic system. 3. Exoproducts of amoebae exhibited marked nematostatic activity, and repelled the worms. However, nematodes were able to reduce the activity of proteases and glycosidases, two enzymes playing an important role in the toxicity of A. castellanii. Exoproducts of nematodes also detrimentally affected amoebae by reducing growth and increasing encystation. 4. The results indicate that both protozoa and nematodes can inhibit each other, and that nematodes are also able to counteract the attack by protist competitors. Non-trophic interactions appear thus as a new factor affecting the structure of predator communities in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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14. How to get more out of molecular fingerprints: practical tools for microbial ecology.
- Author
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Marzorati, Massimo, Wittebolle, Lieven, Boon, Nico, Daffonchio, Daniele, and Verstraete, Willy
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MICROBIAL ecology ,GENETIC polymorphisms ,DENATURING gradient gel electrophoresis ,POLYMORPHISM (Zoology) ,HUMAN fingerprints ,MESSENGER RNA ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences ,POPULATION biology ,ECOLOGY - Abstract
Community-level molecular techniques are widely used in comparative microbial ecology to assess the diversity of microbial communities and their response to changing environments. These include among others denaturing and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE/TGGE), single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), length heterogeneity-PCR (LH-PCR), terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (tRFLP) and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. The amount of data derived from these techniques available in literature is continuously increasing and the lack of a universal way to interpret the raw fingerprint itself makes it difficult to compare between different results. Taking the DGGE technique as an example, we propose a setting-independent theoretical interpretation of the DGGE pattern, based on a straightforward processing on three levels of analysis: (i) the range-weighted richness ( Rr) reflecting the carrying capacity of the system, (ii) the dynamics ( Dy) reflecting the specific rate of species coming to significance, and (iii) functional organization ( Fo), defined through a relation between the structure of a microbial community and its functionality. These Rr, Dy and Fo values, each representing a score to describe a microbial community, can be plotted in a 3D graph. The latter represents a visual ecological interpretation of the initial raw fingerprinting pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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- View/download PDF
15. Influence of Acidified Biochar on CO 2 –C Efflux and Micronutrient Availability in an Alkaline Sandy Soil.
- Author
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Akanji, Mutair A., Usman, Adel R. A., Al-Wabel, Mohammad I., and Sofo, Adriano
- Abstract
Biochar, an alkaline carbonaceous substance resulting from the thermal pyrolysis of biomass, reportedly enhances the micronutrient availability in acidic soils with little or no effect on alkaline soils. In this study, biochars were produced from poultry manure (PM) at 350 °C and 550 °C (BC350 and BC550 respectively). The acidified biochars (ABC350 and ABC550, respectively) were incorporated into an alkaline sandy soil, and their effects on the soil micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) availability, and CO
2 –C efflux were investigated in a 30-day incubation study. The treatments (PM, BC350, BC550, ABC350, and ABC550) were administered in triplicate to 100 g soil at 0%, 1%, and 3% (w/w). Relative to the poultry manure treatment, acidification drastically reduced the pH of BC350 and BC550 by 3.13 and 4.28 units, respectively, and increased the micronutrient availability of the studied soil. Furthermore, the biochars (both non-acidified and acidified) reduced the CO2 emission compared to that of the poultry manure treatment. After 1% treatment with BC550 and ABC550, the CO2 emissions from the soil were 89.6% and 91.4% lower, respectively, than in the 1% poultry manure treatment. In summary, acidified biochar improved the micronutrient availability in alkaline soil, and when produced at higher temperature, can mitigate the CO2 emissions of soil carbon sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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16. Efficiency of Wheat Straw Biochar in Combination with Compost and Biogas Slurry for Enhancing Nutritional Status and Productivity of Soil and Plant.
- Author
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Abbas, Aown, Naveed, Muhammad, Azeem, Muhammad, Yaseen, Muhammad, Ullah, Rehmat, Alamri, Saud, Ain Farooq, Qurrat ul, and Siddiqui, Manzer H.
- Subjects
SLURRY ,NUTRITIONAL status ,WHEAT straw ,SOIL productivity ,BIOCHAR ,BIOGAS - Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the impact of different combinations of wheat straw biochar, compost and biogas slurry on maize growth, physiology, and nutritional status in less productive soils. The experiment was performed as a completely randomized block design in a greenhouse pot experiment. The compost and biogas slurry were applied with and without biochar. The results revealed that a combination of biochar, compost, and biogas slurry enhanced the cation exchange capacity (31%), carbon (83%), phosphorus (67%) and potassium (81%) contents in the soil. Likewise, a significant increase in soil microbial biomass carbon (15%) and nitrogen (37%) was noticed with the combined use of all organic amendments. Moreover, the combined application of biochar, compost and biogas slurry enhanced soil urease and β-glucosidase activity up to 96% and 67% over control respectively. In addition, plant height, chlorophyll content, water use efficiency and 1000-grain weight were also enhanced up to 54%, 90%, 53% and 21% respectively, with the combined use of all amendments. Here, biochar addition helped to reduce the nutrient losses of compost and biogas slurry as well. It is concluded that biochar application in combination with compost and biogas slurry could be a more sustainable, environment-friendly and cost-effective approach, particularly for less fertile soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Passive Detection of Phosphorus in Agricultural Tile Waters Using Reactive Hybrid Anion Exchange Resins.
- Author
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Li, Zhe, Chu, Maria Librada, Gentry, Lowell, Li, Ying, Mitchell, Corey, and Arai, Yuji
- Subjects
WATER use ,TILES ,GUMS & resins ,ION exchange resins ,FERRIC oxide ,PHOSPHORUS ,OXIDE coating - Abstract
Tile drainage waters carry considerable loads of phosphorus (P) from agricultural fields to rivers and streams in the Midwestern U.S. An innovative and economical approach to monitor dissolved reactive P (DRP) flux in tile waters is needed to understand the extent of P loss in field-scale. In this study, a passive sampling technique was developed using iron oxide-coated polyacrylic/polystyrene anion exchange resins (hybrid resins) a P sink. Laboratory batch adsorption isotherm and kinetic experiments indicated that the hybrid resins had high P adsorption capacity (7.69–19.84 mg/g) and high kinetic performance. The passive sampling method with field-calibrated hybrid polyacrylic resin and hybrid polystyrene resins (sampling rate: 0.1351 and 0.0763 L/h, respectively) predicted the average DRP concentrations of 0.006–0.020 mg/L, which did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from the auto-sampling data. A rapid increase in DRP concentration during storm events and subsequent flooding events was also predicted well. In conclusion, a passive detection method using iron oxide coated hybrid resins can be recommended for monitoring seasonally fluctuating DRP flux in agricultural waters as long as the hybrid resins are well-calibrated under specific field conditions (e.g., flow rate and concentration range). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. 10-Years Studies of the Soil Physical Condition after One-Time Biochar Application.
- Author
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Pranagal, Jacek and Kraska, Piotr
- Subjects
BIOCHAR ,PHYSICAL training & conditioning ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,PARTICLE size distribution ,SOILS - Abstract
The ten-year experiment on the soil physical properties of biochar-amended Podzol was studied. Biochar was applied to the soil in the following rates: treatment BC10—10 Mg × ha
−1 , treatment BC20—20 Mg × ha−1 , treatment BC30—30 Mg × ha−1 and treatment BC0—Control (soil without the addition of biochar). Biochar was mixed the soil arable layer (0–20 cm). Soil samples were collected ten times, once a year—after harvest rye. They were taken from layers: 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, in six replicates, using 100 cm3 metal cylinders. The soil physical properties were determined: particle size distribution, particle density, bulk density, total porosity, air capacity and permeability (at −15.5 kPa), water content at sampling, field water capacity (at −15.5 kPa), available and unavailable water content, and the ratio of field water capacity and total porosity was calculated. It was found that biochar application causes changes in the soil physical condition. The soil density decreased, while the porosity, aeration and water retention increased; the ratio of field water capacity and total porosity was favorable. These changes cannot be considered as permanent. Most of the analyzed properties showed a durability of no more than 3–4 years. We found that biochar incorporation into soil is a good method for environmental management of waste biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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19. Whey: The Soil Bio-Community Enhancer That Selectively Controls Root-Knot Nematodes.
- Author
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Ntalli, Nikoletta, Tsiafouli, Maria A., Tzani, Kaliopi, Mavridi, Olga, Oplos, Chrisostomos, Menkissoglu-Spiroudi, Urania, and Monokrousos, Nikolaos
- Subjects
ROOT-knot nematodes ,WHEY ,JAVANESE root-knot nematode ,PLANT parasites ,SOIL nematodes ,SOIL biology - Abstract
To date, it is mandatory for ecofriendly pest-management tools to be used in agriculture. Whey is a dairy-processing waste, a plant and soil chemical and fungicidal basic substance. The beneficial effect of whey on soil microorganisms, enzymatic activities, and free-living nematodes—combined with its toxic activity on the plant parasites—forms root knot nematodes. In this study, this finding is reported for the first time. A drip-irrigating tomato plant combined with whey in water at 3.125% (v/w) and 6.25% (v/w) dose dependently promoted Gram+ and Gram− bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi biomass. Respectively, whey treatment and duration augmented the bacterial feeding nematodes along with the soil enzymatic activities, e.g., alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and urease. The counterpart for these soil organisms' and enzymes' functionality is the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient mineralization and cycling. Additionally, whey applied at 6.25% (v/w) every 10 days in a field experiment exhibited an efficacy of 70% on root knot nematodes. It is calculated that the EC
50/3d value paralyzes in vitro Meloidogyne javanica, which was 3.2% (v/v). Conclusively, the soil application of whey could be a sustainable and ecofriendly method to combat the root knot nematodes and additionally to enhance soil biotic components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Advances in Agronomy
- Author
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Donald L. Sparks and Donald L. Sparks
- Abstract
Advances in Agronomy, Volume 179, the latest release in this leading reference on agronomy, contains a variety of updates and highlights new advances in the field. Chapters in this new release include Complementing Compost with Biochar for Agriculture, Soil Remediation and Climate Mitigation, Weed Management in Wet Direct-seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.): Issues and Opportunities, Plant Temperature Response and Heat Tolerance in Rice: A Review, Obstacles in Continuous Cropping: Mechanisms and Control Measures, Agriculture-Related Green House Gas Emissions and Mitigation Measures, and more. Includes numerous, timely, state-of-the-art reviews on the latest advancements in agronomy Features distinguished, well recognized authors from around the world Builds upon this venerable and iconic review series Covers the extensive variety and breadth of subject matter in the crop and soil sciences
- Published
- 2023
21. Ecology of Freshwater Nematodes
- Author
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Walter Traunspurger and Walter Traunspurger
- Subjects
- Freshwater nematodes--Ecology, Freshwater nematodes
- Abstract
Nematodes are incontestably the most numerous and the most diverse metazoans in freshwater habitats, and these properties bestow exceptional significance to their role in the environment. An array of functional roles has been attributed to them: they are grazers on bacteria and primary producers, regulators of decomposition of plant material, predators, prey for other animals, and closely associated symbionts of bacteria and other organisms. Freshwater nematodes are central in the context of environmental monitoring, pollution assessments, global warming and food webs, and this is increasingly being recognized. Moreover, the short generation time (a few days to months) of many species makes nematodes ideal for laboratory studies. This book: Provides a follow-up to Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and Taxonomy (2006). Offers guidelines for studying the ecology of free-living nematodes, including detailed protocols and case studies. Promotes free-living nematodes as model organisms for studies in a broad range of research fields. Despite the recognized importance of nematodes across ecosystems, many species of free-living nematodes have yet to be discovered, and essential knowledge gaps remain. Ecology of Freshwater Nematodes provides an overview of research efforts in this field, and is an important resource for researchers in the field of nematology and ecology.
- Published
- 2021
22. Biochar Application : Essential Soil Microbial Ecology
- Author
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T. Komang Ralebitso-Senior, Caroline H. Orr, T. Komang Ralebitso-Senior, and Caroline H. Orr
- Subjects
- Biochar, Soil microbial ecology
- Abstract
Biochar Application: Essential Soil Microbial Ecology outlines the cutting-edge research on the interactions of complex microbial populations and their functional, structural, and compositional dynamics, as well as the microbial ecology of biochar application to soil, the use of different phyto-chemical analyses, possibilities for future research, and recommendations for climate change policy. Biochar, or charcoal produced from plant matter and applied to soil, has become increasingly recognized as having the potential to address multiple contemporary concerns, such as agricultural productivity and contaminated ecosystem amelioration, primarily by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and improving soil functions. Biochar Application is the first reference to offer a complete assessment of the various impacts of biochar on soil and ecosystems, and includes chapters analyzing all aspects of biochar technology and application to soil, from ecogenomic analyses and application ratios to nutrient cycling and next generation sequencing. Written by a team of international authors with interdisciplinary knowledge of biochar, this reference will provide a platform where collaborating teams can find a common resource to establish outcomes and identify future research needs throughout the world. Includes multiple tables and figures per chapter to aid in analysis and understanding Includes a comprehensive table of the methods used within the contents, ecosystems, contaminants, future research, and application opportunities explored in the book Includes knowledge gaps and directions of future research to stimulate further discussion in the field and in climate change policy Outlines the latest research on the interactions of complex microbial populations and their functional, structural, and compositional dynamics Offers an assessment of the impacts of biochar on soil and ecosystems
- Published
- 2016
23. Microorganisms In Industry And Environment: From Scientific And Industrial Research To Consumer Products - Proceedings Of The Iii International Conference On Environmental, Industrial And Applied Microbiology (Biomicroworld2009)
- Author
-
Antonio Mendez-vilas and Antonio Mendez-vilas
- Subjects
- Industrial microbiology, Microbial ecology, Microbiology--Congresses, Biotechnology--Congresses, Microbiology
- Abstract
This book aims to disseminate the most current research in applied microbiology presented at the III International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2009) held in Lisbon, Portugal, in December 2009.This volume offers an inviting exploration of microbiology from scientific and industrial research to consumer products in a compilation of more than 150 papers written by leading experts in the field, who afford critical insights into several topics, review current research and discuss future directions to stimulate further discussions. This book also serves as an update on the most important current microbial research, by providing a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge topics in a single volume, where readers can also gain insights into how microbiology can solve problems in everyday settings.Although largely intended for microbiologists interested in knowing the latest developments in agriculture, environmental, food, industrial, medical and pharmaceutical microbiology and microbial biotechnology, this book is also a great source of reference for scientists and researchers involved in advancements in applied microbiology.
- Published
- 2011
24. Nematodes As Environmental Indicators
- Author
-
Michael J. Wilson, Thomais Kakouli-Duarte, Michael J. Wilson, and Thomais Kakouli-Duarte
- Subjects
- Indicators (Biology), Nematodes--Ecology
- Abstract
Nematodes are the most widespread multicellular animals in nature and analysis of nematodes in terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments, as well as their role and function in ecosystems, can be used for environmental monitoring. Compared to other organisms, they offer the greatest potential as bioindicators and can be used to study gene expression in relation to environmental challenges, to monitor changing impacts on the environment and in laboratory ecotoxicity tests. This volume will address classical and molecular approaches to nematode community analysis, the contemporary field of nematodes as biosensors, as well as geonomic and post geonomic aspects of nematode bioindicators. In addition, case studies will stress the importance of these bioindicators and demonstrate the commercial potential of these technologies. Providing a timely review of research into nematodes and environmental monitoring, this book will be essential reading for researchers in nematology and environmental science.
- Published
- 2009
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