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Background and objectives Pediatric cerebrovascular disease carries significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of a pediatric stroke as well and its most common risk factors are important, but that diagnosis is often delayed. It is believed that the incidence in our center is higher than it appears. This study aims to assess the incidence and characteristics of the pediatric stroke in our university hospital. Likewise, this study seeks to evaluate if a longer symptoms-to-diagnosis time is associated with mortality in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A retrospective study including children with stroke admitted to the UANL University Hospital from January 2013 to December 2016. Results A total of 41 patients and 46 stroke episodes were admitted. About 45.7% had an ischemic stroke and 54.3% had a hemorrhagic stroke. A mortality of 24.4% and a morbidity of 60.9% were recorded. Regarding ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, an increased symptoms-to-diagnosis time and a higher mortality were obtained with a relative risk of 2.667 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–6.524, p = 0.013) and 8.0 (95% CI: 2.18–29.24, p = Conclusions Pediatric stroke is a rare disease; however, its incidence shows a continuous increase. More awareness toward pediatric stroke is needed.

Obesity is considered an epidemic condition. It is related to the increased prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, but there are no studies in the Mexican paediatric population on its relationship with sleep disorders.We sought to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders in paediatrics, as well as factors for their development.An observational, analytical, retrospective study, was performed including patients aged 2 to 16 years, between March 2019-2021. The Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire was used to assess the presence of sleep disorders.Sixty-four patients were included, 27 (42.18%) of whom had sleep disorder criteria. Among these, obesity, i.e. weight percentile ≥ 75 and body mass index percentile ≥ 93.5, was a risk factor. Normal weight was protective.Obesity in paediatric patients may favour the appearance of sleep disorders; screening could favour early diagnosis, correct treatment, and better life quality.Otyłość jest uważana za stan epidemiczny; wiąże się z nią wzrost częstości występowania przewlekłych chorób zwyrodnieniowych, mimo to w meksykańskiej populacji dziecięcej nie przeprowadzono badań dotyczących jej związku z zaburzeniami snu.Określenie częstości występowania zaburzeń snu w pediatrii, a także czynników sprzyjających ich rozwojowi.Obserwacyjne, analityczne, retrospektywne badanie, do którego włączono pacjentów w wieku 2–16 lat, w okresie od marca 2019 do 2021 roku. Do oceny obecności zaburzeń snu wykorzystano Pediatryczny Kwestionariusz Snu.Do badania włączono sześćdziesięciu czterech pacjentów, 27 (42,18%) z kryteriami zaburzeń snu. Czynnikami ryzyka były u nich: otyłość, masa ciała w percentylu ≥ 75 i wskaźnik masy ciała w percentylu ≥ 93,5. Prawidłowa masa ciała działała ochronnie.Otyłość u pacjentów pediatrycznych może sprzyjać wystąpieniu zaburzeń snu; badania przesiewowe mogą sprzyjać wczesnemu rozpoznaniu, prawidłowemu leczeniu i lepszej jakości życia.

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Background: Nowadays the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on students around the world is not a secret; the loss of the status quo as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, changed the concept of everyday life. Medical students represent an important affected population in terms of loss of theorical, laboratory practices, as well as the much-needed exposure to patients, are factors that add to the baseline stress of being a college student and alienation from social groups. The present study sought to establish the impact on the emotional and social spheres of medical students, in addition to establishing risk factors, predictors or predisposing factors to present alterations in in the psychosocial elements of health. Methods Cross-sectional study performed in Mexican Medical Students; the sample size was found to be 366. An 82-item questionnaire was applied to assess 4 main axes; Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate prevalence of anxiety and depression, COVID-19 knowledge, perception, and social determinants were also evaluated. The study sample was divided into 2 groups to address a group with depression/anxiety and a group with no anxiety/depression. The possible presence of anxiety/depression was defined as a score ≥10 on both scales. 500 students were randomly chosen, were invited to participate, and voluntarily signing the informed consent. Students who did not complete all answers were excluded. Non-parametric quantitative variables were evaluated with Mann-Whitney U, qualitative variables with χ2 or Fisher’s exact test. Spearman’s correlation was also used, and a binary logistic regression was done to identify association. Results A total of 384 students were included with a mean age of 21 years. The majority, 236 students, were women (61.45%) and 154 (40.1%) belonged to the clinical semesters of the career (7th to 12th semester). 89.34% (343 students) stated that their main concern was that a family member became ill, the economy (71.51%), and massive reinfection (68.44%). A moderate to exaggerated increase in anxiety symptomatology before the start of the pandemic was reported in 61.19% (235 students), 75% (287 students) reported depressed mood symptoms. 320 students (83.33%) reported having been correctly informed; they were aware of COVID-19 symptomatology, use of protective personal equipment, and myths. We found that 43% (PHQ-) had depression and 24.5% anxiety (GAD-7); having depression increased the risk of presenting anxiety and vice-versa along with identifying themselves as a woman and having a diagnosis of a prior psychiatric disorder for both groups. Belonging to clinical semesters was found to be as a protective factor for both anxiety and depression. Conclusion The results indicate an increase in the depressive and anxiety symptomatology of the students, as well as concerns for their families and the economic situation. Academic institutions must design effective strategies for early detection, treatment and increase resilience of students using innovative resources adapted to the contingency.

Congenital medulloblastoma is a rare brain tumor that appears in less than 1% of pediatric patients. Congenital medulloblastoma has a poor prognosis and should be suspected in patients with clinical manifestations of hyporeactivity, slow suction reflexes, and the presence of hydrocephalus. Herein we present the case of a 12-day-old female newborn who developed non-communicative hydrocephalus, hyporeactivity, and hyporeflexia. Magnetic resonance imaging of her brain showed a heterogeneous and cystic mass on the posterior cranial fossa. A suboccipital craniotomy was performed. The histopathologic analysis reported a congenital medulloblastoma. She remained in hospital until her death at 112 days old. This is one of the first case reports with clinical-radiological and pathological documentation. Awareness of this diagnosis can allow prenatal intervention, rendering a better prognosis. This case report exemplifies the importance of good prenatal follow-up.

With the emergence of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the need to find the determinants for its correct distribution is created, with health personnel being an essential group where coverage must be ensured. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an electronic survey that was distributed to health personnel in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Potential determinants for vaccine hesitancy were covered including their intention to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Results: A total of 543 responses were collected from health professionals, which 30 (5.5%) of the subjects stated that they would reject SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. How well informed the subjects were was the most determining factor, where misinformation related to vaccination and COVID-19 was the most important cause of vaccine rejection. Conclusion: The implementation of educational strategies for health personnel are required.

The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused feelings of anxiety, confusion, and panic among the world population. Due to these psychological changes resulting from the stress produced by the disease, we sought to investigate the psychological impact of the pandemic on the university student community.1,283 students were surveyed, of which 1,149 students were selected. The majority of the subjects were female, and the overall average age was of 20 years. They were provided with an 82-question online questionnaire divided into four sections; looking for the prevalence of significant symptomatology of major depression and generalised anxiety using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales; and factors that potentially affect the mental health of our university population.We found a high prevalence of significant depression (47.08%) and anxiety (27.06%) symptomatology, considering a score of 10 or more as cut-off point. There was no significant difference in depression and anxiety symptomatology between the health-care students and non-health-care students.Our results, together with what is observed in the literature, allow us to conclude that the college student population has a high risk of mental illness, and these should be taken into consideration for the search of effective strategies for detection and control of mental health illnesses. Undoubtedly, the COVID-19 pandemic is a red flag that shows the need to upgrade mental health programmes in universities and to validate virtual instruments.La actual pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 ha causado sentimientos de ansiedad, confusión y pánico entre la población mundial. Debido a estos cambios psicológicos derivados del estrés que produce la enfermedad, se buscó investigar el impacto psicológico de la pandemia en la comunidad estudiantil universitaria.Se encuestó a 1.283 estudiantes, de los que se seleccionó a 1.149. La mayoría eran mujeres y la media de edad fue 20 años. Se les proporcionó un cuestionario en línea de 82 preguntas divididas en 4 secciones para indagar la prevalencia de síntomas significativos de depresión mayor y ansiedad generalizada utilizando las escalas PHQ-9 y GAD-7, además factores que pueden afectar a la salud mental de nuestra población universitaria.Se halló una alta prevalencia de síntomas significativos de depresión (47,08%) y ansiedad (27,06%), considerando como umbral un total de 10 o más puntos. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los estudiantes relacionados con la salud y los no relacionados con la salud.Nuestros resultados, en conjunto con lo observado en la literatura, muestran que la comunidad universitaria es una población en riesgo de enfermedades mentales, por lo que el Gobierno debería considerar la creación de estrategias efectivas para la detección de problemas de salud mental; sin duda alguna, la actual pandemia de COVID-19 es un foco rojo sobre las necesidad de mejores programas de salud mental en universidades y validación de instrumentos virtuales.

La enfermedad causada por el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) fue nombrada enfermedad coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 ha afectado más de 10 millones de personas hasta la fecha, declarada una pandemia por la OMS el 11 de marzo de 2020. El espectro clínico de COVID-19 varía desde pacientes asintomáticos hasta pacientes con falla respiratoria grave, e incluso con alteraciones multiorgánicas y sistémicas. Sin embargo, SARS-CoV-2 puede afectar una amplia variedad de tejidos, manifestándose en un rango extenso de síntomas, incluidas las manifestaciones neurológicas. Esto puede ser explicado debido a su posible potencial neurotrópico y/o mimetismo molecular con reacción inmunológica cruzada. Se ha reportado la alteración de nervios periféricos, llevando a diferentes manifestaciones patológicas. Entre estas, el síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) ha sido reportado en múltiples casos. Hasta donde sabemos, se han descrito 29 casos de SGB asociados a COVID-19. La mayoría de los casos han sido de presentación post-infecciosa y con ausencia de anticuerpos antigangliósidos, además de que en ninguno ha sido detectado el SARS-CoV-2 en el líquido cefalorraquídeo.