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The following text is an unpublished interview with Fernando Távora carried out in 1988 for Edifícios, the project of a magazine of systems, urbanism, and architecture, outlined by Eduardo Oliveira Fernandes, Alexandre Aves Costa, Manuel Mendes, and accompanied by Luís Marques, then a member of the staff of the Entity that held the title. The project was suspended by the decision of that Entity at the time of the development of Issue 1. At that time, the interview with Fernando Távora by Javier Frechilla, published in Arquitectura (COAM’s magazine, no. 261, July-August 1986), was very much present. At the time of the interview for Edifícios, Fernando Távora’s health problems, together with the inexperience of the interviewer, hindered the fluency of the discourse and the clarity of the exposition of the topics under discussion, thus diverting and suspending the ordinary course of the interview. In the transcription of the recordings, some of these moments are noted; the sign [...] records inaudible word(s) in the fixed text. (MM)

Se presenta un criterio para determinar si las condiciones locales de meteorología y el costo de la energía y el agua favorecen el uso de preenfriamiento evaporativo en chillers enfriados por aire. Cuando la energía ahorrada por unidad de agua consumida es mayor que la relación entre el costo del agua y el costo de la electricidad es económicamente atractivo operar chillers con preenfriamiento evaporativo. El ahorro de energía es proporcional a la temperatura promedio anual de depresión de bulbo húmedo (AWBD). Como caso de estudio, se verificó este criterio con los resultados de monitorear cada diez minutos y durante más de cinco meses, la operación de un chiller de uso frecuente (82 RT) operando en el norte de México. Se encontró que, en promedio, el 4,4% del consumo anual de energía se puede ahorrar mediante preenfriamiento evaporativo. Ese ahorro podría ser de hasta un 23% en algunas horas del año. Estos resultados representan un ahorro potencial de 35,7 MWh/año. Sin embargo, requiere el uso de 1.759 m3/año de agua para humedecer el aire. Teniendo en cuenta los precios actuales del agua y la energía en la región de estudio, el preenfriamiento evaporativo representa un ahorro de USD 2.704/año. Este ahorro monetario es relevante teniendo en cuenta que muchas empresas y edificios utilizan decenas de estas enfriadoras en su línea de producción o sistemas de aire acondicionado.

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Policy Analysis is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se ha estimado que cada año mueren 42 a 365 millones de aves en Norteamérica a causa de las colisiones con ventanas. Sin embargo, se desconoce la magnitud de las especies que se pueden ver afectadas con las cristalerías para los países latinoamericanos que tienen una alta diversidad de aves. Por lo que, los objetivos del presente estudio fueron analizar la riqueza de especies afectadas y conocer las características (tipo de cristal y vegetación cercana) que influyen sobre la mortalidad de aves en Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. Realizamos monitoreos que consistían en búsqueda de aves muertas o lesionadas en los edificios con fachadas o ventanales en diferentes zonas de la ciudad. Además, compilamos la información ciudadana con la intención de complementar la lista de las especies afectadas en los edificios de la ciudad. Obtuvimos 474 registros de accidentes, que correspondieron a 82 especies de aves. Las especies de mayor frecuencia fueron Zenaida asiatica, Turdus grayi y Columbina passerina. La cristalería reflectante generó la mayor mortalidad de aves, al igual que la presencia de la vegetación cercana. El número de especies afectadas fue alto a comparación con los estudios realizados en otras regiones del país (Jalisco y Tamaulipas). Además, varias de las especies afectadas se encuentran amenazadas al nivel nacional e internacional y otras son especies endémicas de México. Por lo que, es importante evitar la cristalería reflectante al igual que la combinación árbol-ventana, pues éstos atraen a las aves y corren el riesgo de colisionar.

Buildings composed of several projects are generally designed by different professionals. In this way, the risk of interference between them at the time of execution is great. This fact damages the progress of the work, generating rework, increased cost, time and even post-work anomalies. The objective of this article is to analyze the BIM methodology for carrying out project compatibility. The projects were prepared from models created in Autodesk Revit 2021 and an interference check was carried out in Autodesk Navisworks 2021. For the compatibility of projects, an interference detection matrix was used based on "GuBIMclass v.1.2". Several interferences were identified between the different projects. By making projects compatible, it is possible to identify interferences between elements and make changes before the execution phase, which helps to reduce projects that waste time and money, in addition to avoiding possible anomalies. BIM technology is a fundamental training process, fundamental for the implementation and advancement of civil construction, in engineering and civil construction courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been estimated that 42 to 365 million birds die each year in North America due to collisions with windows. However, the magnitude of species affected by collision with windows is unknown for Latin American countries that have high avian diversity. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to analyze the richness of species affected by windows, and determine the characteristics (type of glass and nearby vegetation) that influence bird mortality in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. We conducted surveys that consisted of searching for dead or injured birds in buildings with facades or windows in different areas of the city. In addition, we compiled citizen information to complement the list of species affected by buildings in the city. We obtained 474 records of accidents, which corresponded to 82 species of birds. The most frequent species were Zenaida asiatica, Turdus grayi, and Columbinapasserina. Reflective glass generated the highest bird mortality, as did the presence of nearby vegetation. The number of species affected was high in comparison with studies carried out in the other regions of the country (Jalisco and Tamaulipas). In addition, several of the affected species are threatened nationally and internationally, and others are endemic to Mexico. Therefore, it is important to avoid reflective glass, as well as a tree-window combination, as these attract birds and run the highest risk of collisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La calidad del aire juega un papel decisivo en el rendimiento de los ocupantes de espacios interiores; además, se estima que un 30% de la vida de una persona corresponde a su formación académica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar si los sistemas de ventilación de los edificios de la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá proveen una calidad de aire apropiada para sus alumnos, mediante la evaluación del desempeño de la ventilación en modo pasivo y mecánico; se utilizó la interfaz dinámica DesignBuilder para simular los casos de estudio. Los indicadores utilizados fueron la concentración de CO2, las tasas de renovación de aire interior y el confort térmico. Para esto se tomaron como referencia los requerimientos mínimos de la normativa panameña y normativas internacionales. Los resultados demostraron que el uso de ventilación natural resulta insuficiente debido a la inconformidad térmica y altas concentraciones de CO2. Por el contrario, el uso de ventilación mecánica mejoró los niveles de confort térmico pero la concentración de CO2 se mantuvo ligeramente fuera de límites aceptables. Estos resultados demostraron que los edificios no están diseñados para operar en modo pasivo, lo que restringe su operación exclusivamente en modo mecánico.

Mediante o aumento da demanda energética aliado ao crescimento populacional e econômico, o estudo sobre eficiência energética constitui uma importante ferramenta para a estruturação de um futuro sustentável, tanto para as questões econômicas quanto para as questões ambientais. Dessa forma, o presente artigo possui como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico acerca do tema Eficiência Energética em Edifícios com vistas à compreensão da produção acadêmica relacionada ao tema. Foi utilizada como instrumento da pesquisa a base de dados Web of Science e as palavras-chave pesquisadas “EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA” e “EDIFICAÇÕES” ou “EDIFÍCIOS”, de forma conjugada, utilizando-se o operador booleano “AND”. Observou-se, mediante a pesquisa, uma maior predominância do estudo de técnicas passivas de eficiência energética, quando comparadas às técnicas ativas, com 74,1% e 8,6% de estudos, respectivamente. Além disso, há uma desigualdade no número de estudos nos diferentes estados e regiões do Brasil. Mediante o exposto, as análises permitiram observar um panorama do que vem sendo avaliado no que se refere à eficiência energética em edifícios, sendo possível destacar alguns pontos importantes para a elaboração de trabalhos futuros.

Este trabalho mostra a aplicação das metodologias GDE (Grau de Deterioração da Estrutura) e GUT (Gravidade, Urgência e Tendência) quantificando as manifestações patológicas e determinando os pontos de maior necessidade de manutenção. Dessa forma, foi aplicado uma perspectiva quantitativa com a aplicação das metodologias citadas e após inspeções prediais e uma análise visual com registro fotográfico, anotações e mapeamentos, foram aplicadas as metodologias e obtido que parte das manifestações patológicas que ocorrem na estrutura do edifício tem como origem a umidade, resultando em eflorescências, machas ou infiltrações. Dessa forma, esse trabalho definiu os pontos que necessitam de prioridade, direcionando medidas que posteriormente podem ser tomadas. As metodologias se mostraram eficientes e importantes para tomadas de decisões.

As natural ventilation involves local and global interactions, the estimation of these interactions can be performed by many approaches. Such approaches, rather more experimental and numerical than analytical, often require a great deal of instrumentation and equipment, which results in higher demands on project budget and funding. The present work is devoted to comprehending the natural ventilation concept, and to assess the existing experimental techniques already implemented for past researchers in the estimation of the ventilation airflow rate due to the wind and thermal buoyancy effects. A brief review of modeling techniques is also presented. This will provide a strong theoretical grasp of the natural ventilation process as part of the main elements in the thermal behavior of buildings. Ultimately, these bases are intended to help choose the most suitable techniques to estimate the natural ventilation airflow rate. The adequate benefit-to-budget technique appears to be the airtightness tests (blower door tests), since empirical Equations relating the airflow directly to the pressure difference in the building for both cases: infiltrations (openings closed) and openings opened, can be obtained. Also, the location of the leakages can be identified without complications, and this technique has the potential to estimate in situ the airflow capacity and friction characteristics of the openings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The built heritage located in the historic center of the city of Tampico, declared a heritage zone of historic and artistic monuments in 1990, was built between 1890 and 1930 from the Porfiriato period, considered the time of the oil boom. In that sense, the architectural and visual history of the city is compromised in its construction with a landscape built as a consequence of the social needs and consumption of merchandise; companies and industry, which were determinants of that historical moment and gave a representative cultural meaning. This study considers particularly those historical buildings that contain on their facade’s inscriptions, names, numbers or symbols, as a historiographic narrative of the visual and discursive meaning named identification inscriptions. The contribution of a formal study for the defragmented narrativity of the graphic historicity with its own inscribed characteristics of the culture of Tampico, which, due to the affectations caused by diverse factors, put at risk its permanence and veracity in a structural and formal way, becomes important. This is how the contextual historiographic narrative contributes to point out the inscriptional graphic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El desarrollo sostenible requiere la consideración de toda una serie de elementos interconectados, como la reducción de la demanda de energía y el consumo de agua, la minimización de los residuos y la contaminación y la provisión de un transporte público eficiente. Bajo ese enfoque de “construcción sostenible”, el cierre de los ciclos de materiales y agua, así como la reducción del consumo energético son los principales objetivos en el sector de la edificación. En este contexto, el concepto de Infraestructura Verde Urbana (UGI) se ha definido como un conjunto de sistemas de construcción creados por el hombre, pero basados en la naturaleza, como techos verdes y sistemas de ecologización vertical. UGI proporciona varios eco-servicios al entorno urbano, como la reducción de la escorrentía superficial en las grandes ciudades, la reducción del efecto isla de calor, el apoyo a la biodiversidad, la mejora de la durabilidad de las membranas impermeabilizantes y el ahorro de energía en los edificios, entre otros. Durante la última década se han llevado a cabo una serie de acciones de investigación en la Universidad de Lleida con el fin de estudiar estos sistemas constructivos, cuantificar sus beneficios y mejorar su diseño. En este trabajo presentamos estos estudios Abstract Sustainable development requires the consideration of a whole host of interconnected elements, such as the reduction of energy demand and water consumption, minimizing waste and pollution, and providing efficient public transport. Under that “sustainable construction” approach, the closing of materials and water cycles as well as the reduction of energy consumption are the main objectives in the building sector. In this context, the concept of Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) has been defined as a set of man-made, but nature-based, construction systems, such as green roofs and vertical greening systems. UGI provides several eco-services into the urban environment, such as the reduction of surface runoff in large cities, reduction of heat island effect, support to biodiversity, waterproofing membranes durability improvement, and building energy savings, among others. During the last decade a series of research actions have been carried out at the University of Lleida in order to study these construction systems, to quantify their benefits, and to improve their design. In this work we present these studies

The Royal Decree-Law 29/2021 introduces urgent measures in the energy sector to promote electric mobility, self-consumption, and the deployment of renewable energies. The aim is to eliminate regulatory barriers that hinder the progress of these technologies. Regarding electric mobility, the infrastructure for public charging on state roads is promoted, and obligations and deadlines are established for the installation of high-capacity charging points. Collective self-consumption is also facilitated, and the costs of the electricity and natural gas bill are reduced. In addition, deadlines for renewable energy projects are extended, and experimental and innovative projects are allowed. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of APUNTES - Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia del Derecho is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En nuestras actuales sociedades complejas y multiculturales, el patrimonio cultural abarca un universo amplio de bienes materiales y simbólicos. Su preservación se liga a problemas de planeamiento y gestión del territorio y a la identidad cultural. Este artículo analiza la valoración del patrimonio arquitectónico entendido como evaluación proveniente tanto de loscampos disciplinares como desde lo social y económico. Como hipótesis sostenemos que las valoracionesasí alcanzadas participan de la disputa en el campo social y cultural definiendo de este modo el futuro de las obras (patrimonialización/ olvido).Más allá de la revisión bibliográfica, que abarca desde la economía a la antropología, y de su análisis crítico con relación a su vigencia para el caso argentino, hemos apelado a nuestra experiencia de tres décadas en la catalogación y conservación del patrimonio de la región y del crecimiento de la disciplina en el continente. Por ello el artículo es un intento de revisar qué criterios operan cuando parece que no los hay y cuánto pesa la posición o los discursos de los diferentes actores. En esta primera etapa nuestro interés es plantear las preguntas y las teorías de las que disponemos para comprender la complejidad de los procesos de valoración.

Las cubiertas son la parte más vulnerable de un edificio porque que están expuestas continuamente a las acciones climáticas externas y a su constante variabilidad, ya sea en lo relacionado con la lluvia, nieve, viento, temperatura, agentes biológicos o radiación solar. Por esta razón, dado su gran exposición a todos estos factores, los fallos que pudieran existir en una pequeña área de cubierta son, en la mayoría situaciones, más serios que en otros lugares, dado la velocidad de avance que tienen, así como su repercusión en la habitabilidad. Hace algunos años, una investigación realizada en Australia (en el estado de Victoria) determinó que las cubiertas son el segundo elemento de construcción más afectado por el número de fallos en ese país. En España, las cubiertas son también el segundo capítulo de obra más afectado por patologías, según un estudio de investigación sobre reclamaciones de usuarios. Para averiguar qué irregularidades y mala praxis constructiva se comete durante la ejecución (especialmente filtraciones y humedades, se ha querido analizar cuáles son los fallos más frecuentes en la instalación en obra de la impermeabilización. Para proceder a estudiar los fallos durante la ejecución ha sido necesario recurrir a algún tipo de fuente escrita que pudiera contener esta información. Hay que tener en cuenta que las constructoras en España, salvo casos muy excepcionales, no llevan un registro por escrito de cada una de las deficiencias de puesta en obra o de los incumplimientos normativos que acontezcan. Por tanto, hay que recurrir a las anotaciones que hace la dirección facultativa en el ‘libro de órdenes y visitas’. La investigación llevada a cabo se ha realizado en obras de la provincia de Badajoz, todas de tipo residencial entre 2012 y 2018, sobre las que se ha constatado cuáles son los fallos más frecuentes, haciendo un estudio comparativo entre las promociones que eran de viviendas unifamiliares y las que eran de viviendas en bloque. De esta manera, se pudo constatar que había 10 tipos de fallos que se daban en más del 30% de las ocasiones estudiadas. Especialmente reseñables son los fallos denominados ‘La altura de coronación de la impermeabilización es menor a lo que indica el CTE’ y ‘La cota del umbral está por debajo del nivel de protección de la cubierta’ que tuvieron una presencia superior al 75% de los casos. Abstract The roofs are the most vulnerable part of the building because they are continually exposed to external climatic actions and their constant variability, whether related to rain, snow, wind, temperature, biological agents or solar radiation. For this reason, given their great exposure to all these factors, the faults that may exist in a small cover area are, in most situations, more serious than in other places given the speed of progress they have, as well as their impact on habitability. A few years ago, an investigation carried out in Australia (in the state of Victoria) determined that the roofs are the second building element most affected by the number of failures in that country. In Spain, the covers are also the second chapter of work most affected by pathologies, according to a research study on user complaints. To find out what irregularities and constructive malpractice are committed during the execution (especially filtrations and dampness, it has been wanted to analyze specifically are the most frequent failures in the installation in waterproofing work. To proceed to study the errors during the execution it has been necessary to resort to some type of written source that may contain this information. It must be borne in mind that construction companies in Spain, except for very exceptional cases, do not keep a written record of each of the deficiencies in the implementation or the regulatory breaches that occur. Therefore, the annotations made by the optional address in the "book of orders and visits" must be repeated. The investigation carried out has been carried out in works of the province of Badajoz, all of residential type between 2012 and 2018, on which frequent failures have been found, making a comparative study between the promotions that were of single-family homes and those of block houses. In this way, it was found that there were 10 types of failures that occurred in more than 30% of the studied occasions. Especially noteworthy are the failures called 'The crowning height of the waterproofing is less than what the CTE indicates' and 'The threshold level is below the level of protection of the roof' that had a presence greater than 75% of the cases.

One of the most important renewable energy technologies for the production of electrical energy is that corresponding to photovoltaic solar systems, which is based on the direct transformation of solar radiation into electrical energy, through the photovoltaic effect. This work details the basic principles of the integration of photovoltaic systems into buildings, providing a global vision of the concept for future installations in the NEA region, while also looking at the current context of political, social and social aspects. of infrastructure in the region. The various reports emanating from national government entities and international reports, local, foreign experiences and ongoing research projects from national organizations were used as reference material. It is concluded that, despite the incipient participation of renewable energies in the energy matrix of the provinces of the region, the potential in renewable resources is high which leads to progress towards the expansion of electricity generation, which represents a great challenge logistics and management for current governments.

Este trabajo indaga los vínculos que se establecieron entre las empresas periodísticas y sus lectores al margen de las páginas impresas. Se propone reconstruir un entramado material de relaciones que abarca desde propuestas de asistencialismo público hasta espectáculos masivos destinados a establecer lazos concretos con los lectores, en un campo periodístico que se diversifica con el surgimiento, a comienzos del siglo veinte, de nuevas publicaciones orientadas a los sectores medios y populares. Los diarios de mayor circulación del período diseñaron diferentes estrategias de interpelación para captar a un público masivo; asumieron nuevas funciones que excedían el oficio periodístico y fundaron novedosos espacios de sociabilidad que transformaron los roles tradicionales de la prensa.

Law 10/2022, of June 14th, aims to promote building rehabilitation activity in the context of the Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan. According to data from the National Institute of Statistics, more than half of residential buildings in Spain were built before 1980 and have deficiencies in energy efficiency. The law introduces temporary deductions in income tax to incentivize investment in rehabilitation works that improve the energy efficiency of homes. It also establishes modifications in the regime of property communities and creates a line of guarantees to finance rehabilitation works. The law came into effect on June 16th, 2022. [Extracted from the article]

A termografia, sendo uma técnica não destrutiva que permite visualizar a radiação infravermelha através de imagens térmicas visíveis e facilita a sua realização a grandes distâncias das superfícies em análise, pode considerar-se bastante vantajosa nas questões da sustentabilidade na reabilitação urbana. Esta técnica permite, com base nos resultados obtidos, o desenvolvimento de soluções mais eficientes, como revestimentos mais duradouros e/ou com maior capacidade de isolamento, permitindo a identificação de patologias que dificilmente podem ser detetadas através de outros métodos, facto que possibilita uma manutenção atempada, sem que a patologia do material se agrave. As medições dependem de diferentes parâmetros que podem influenciar os resultados, como a emissividade, a distância da câmara à superfície, o ângulo de observação, refletividade e cor. Neste caso, para as fachadas de edifícios, além dos parâmetros referidos, predominam as condições ambientais, a radiação solar e o vento. O desenvolvimento deste estudo preliminar destaca-se fundamentalmente pela prática, desde a recolha, à interpretação até à justificação dos dados térmicos registados em diversos edifícios. Independentemente das diferentes condições presentes em dias diferentes, foi possível identificar os materiais constituintes e registar os diferentes padrões de temperatura, como a transição térmica entre os mesmos materiais ao longo das horas, orientação, exposição e cores diferentes, e ainda a passagem de massas de ar quente e frio do interior dos edifícios para o exterior. Este trabalho apresenta-se relevante para uma base de estudo de implementação de medidas para maior eficiência urbana no planeamento e ordenamento do território e consequentemente, alcançar maior sustentabilidade urbana.

Los Edificios Energía Cero o ZEB (Zero Energy Buildings) promueven una mirada integral de la arquitectura sustentable y un cambio profundo en la manera de construir. La investigación y el desarrollo en transición energética deben necesariamente enfrentarse a problemas tecnológicos y socioeconómicos. En esa línea, la meta aquí es ofrecer una respuesta para minimizar el impacto energético y ambiental del sector edilicio. Se realizó, para ello, una revisión del estado del arte de la temática, donde se seleccionaron 97 artículos científicos considerados de mayor relevancia, en el período de 2006 a 2020. La metodología consistió en un análisis de esos textos a partir de diez preguntas formuladas para abordar la temática: sus orígenes, estado actual y proyecciones futuras en relación a la eficiencia energética y la sustentabilidad. Las preguntas hacen referencia a definiciones (P1), sustentabilidad (P2), tecnologías involucradas (P3), emisiones (P5), energía (P4) (P6) (P7), normativas (P8), cambio climático (P9) y proyecciones futuras (P10). El trabajo permite concluir que los ZEB se integran de manera holística en la transformación hacia un futuro renovable y sustentable en materia de soluciones energéticas y, a su vez, tienen potencialidad para ser implementados en diferentes posiciones geográficas y climáticas.

Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto de investigación "De residuos a recursos (W2R)" que analiza la generación de residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD) en obras de rehabilitación para la mejora de la eficiencia energética de edificios y desarrolla nuevos materiales, elementos y sistemas constructivos fabricados a partir de RCD. En este artículo se presentan algunos de los resultados del proyecto W2R, en concreto, la identificación, cuantificación y caracterización de las categorías de residuos generados en obras de rehabilitación para la mejora de la eficiencia energética llevadas a cabo en la envolvente vertical de los edificios. Para ello, se identificaron las actuaciones más comunes para mejorar la eficiencia energética de las envolventes verticales y se cuantificó la generación de RCD en dos obras utilizando métodos experimentales (datos in situ) y teóricos (software). Los resultados mostraron que la mayor cantidad de generación de RCD se produce durante las operaciones de preparación de la superficie vertical previas a desarrollar la actuación. Además, se encontró que las categorías de residuos más generados son: hormigón, cerámica, metal y madera. Abstract This article presents the results of the research project "From waste to resources (W2R)" that analyzes the generation of construction and demolition waste (RCD) in rehabilitation works for the improvement of the energy efficiency of buildings and develops new materials, elements and construction systems manufactured from RCD. This article presents some of the results of the W2R project, specifically, the identification, quantification and characterization of the categories of waste generated in rehabilitation works for the improvement of energy efficiency carried out in the vertical envelope of buildings. For this, the most common actions to improve the energy efficiency of the vertical envelopes were identified and the generation of CDR in two works was quantified using experimental methods (in situ data) and theoretical (software). The results showed that the greatest amount of RCD generation occurs during the vertical surface preparation operations prior to developing the performance. In addition, it was found that the most generated waste categories are: concrete, ceramics, metal and wood.

This study analyzes the scientific productivity on library buildings and spaces based on the analysis of the publications indexed in Scopus and LISTA in the period 2010-2020. The data extracted allow us to draw the general panorama of research works on this subject. The results include 305 papers pertinent to the research topic, related to 284 authors, 120 journals, 304 institutions, 46 countries and 9 languages. The most productive years are 2015 and 2016. The topics are grouped according to these 4 categories, which have emerged from the analysis itself: spaces, design and construction, remodeling, and trends. The conclusions show an outstanding scientific productivity on buildings and library spaces, quantitatively abundant and at the same time stable with fairly constant figures throughout the period. In the authorship variety and a certain dispersion can be appreciated. Co-authorship is present in 58 % of the works. 91.4 % of the publication sources are scientific journals, 6.5 % conference proceedings and 1.9 % book chapters. Scientific production is concentrated in university-level institutions. The variety of perspectives on which the theme of library buildings and spaces is addressed indicates that it is consolidated as an area of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermography is a non-destructive technique that allows the visualization of infrared radiation through visible thermal images. It may take place at great distances from the surfaces under analysis and it may be quite advantageous in sustainability issues of urban rehabilitation. This technique allows, based on the results obtained, the development of new efficient solutions, such as more durable coatings and/or greater insulation capacity, allowing the identification of pathologies that can hardly be detected by other methods. This also allows maintenance to be done timely, without the risk of deterioration. This measurement depends on different parameters that can influence its results, such as emissivity, the camera-surface distance, the observation angle, reflectivity and color. In this case, for building facades, it is also added to the above-mentioned parameters some environmental conditions, as solar radiation and wind predominate. The development of this exploratory study stands out fundamental ly for its practice, from the collection, interpretation and justification of the thermal buildings data. Regardless of the different conditions present on different days, it was possible to identify the constituent materials and record the different temperature patterns, such as the thermal transition between the same materials over the hours, orientation, exposure and different colors, as well as the passage of masses of hot and cold air from inside of buildings to its exterior. This work is relevant to a study of implementing measures for greater urban efficiency in the existent building portfolio and, consequently, achieving greater urban sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En este trabajo se aborda la organización de espacios en las Bibliotecas Públicas del Estado, a partir de los datos difundidos por las propias bibliotecas con el propósito de trazar una visión de conjunto y analizar las cualidades que reflejan respecto a los modelos de organización de espacios. Se parte de la elaboración de una lista de comprobación para facilitar el análisis; y se establece una comparación de la información recopilada con la incluida en reconocidos modelos de organización de espacios de bibliotecas públicas: IFLA Public Library Service Guidelines; Model Programme for Public Libraries; y estudios destacados de estas bibliotecas españolas. Los resultados se refieren a los espacios establecidos en la lista de comprobación que sintetizan los espacios característicos de las 53 bibliotecas analizadas, de los que también se señalan las peculiaridades que presentan en las diferentes bibliotecas y en qué medida reflejan las últimas tendencias en relación a la organización y distribución de espacios.