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Urban novel ecosystems were sampled across vacant sites in two Portuguese urban regions. The flora were studied with a focus on species’ origin, life form, ecological, chorological and naturalisation types. A multivariate constrained ordination technique was used to identify relationships between plant composition and environmental factors. The vegetation of the two urban regions shows differences, highlighting biome influence, as well as due to climatic variables and (to a lesser degree) soil characteristics and lithology. Although native species are clearly dominant, the frequency of non-native species is high and most are potentially or effectively invasive. In the ecological spectrum, the dominance of opportunistic ruderal species suggests a risk of biotic homogenisation in these ecosystems, which is also noticeable in the analysis of life form, but less in chorological and nativeness spectra. Portuguese novel urban ecosystems are, therefore, simultaneously an opportunity, since spontaneous vegetation management is more cost effective and can bring wilderness to cities; and a hazard, because invasive species must be controlled to support biodiversity conservation efforts.

Este artículo explora los paisajes tóxicos y su importancia a la luz del Antropoceno. Comienza proponiendo el concepto de paisaje híbrido como sustituto del de paisaje cultural. A partir del materialismo relacional de la teoría del actor-red y del neovitalismo, se desarrolla una concepción renovada de paisaje más atenta a los entretejimientos entre humanos y no humanos. Así, argumentamos que el concepto de paisajes tóxicos, tomado de la arqueología de la toxicidad, va en línea con estos cuestionamientos ontológicos y resulta pertinente para los debates del Antropoceno, pues coloca el foco en las acciones humanas sin perder de vista la agencia de lo no humano. Finalizamos con un caso ilustrativo: Agbogbloshie, un centro de reciclaje y minería urbana de metales provenientes de residuos eléctricos y electrónicos ubicado en Acra, Ghana., Aquest article explora els paisatges tòxics i la seva importància a la llum de l’Antropocè. Comença proposant el concepte de paisatge híbrid com a substitut del de paisatge cultural. A partir del materialisme relacional de la teoria de l’actor-xarxa i del neovitalisme, es desenvolupa una concepció renovada de paisatge més atenta als entreteiximents entre humans i no humans. Així, argumentem que el concepte de paisatges tòxics, pres de l’arqueologia de la toxicitat, va en línia amb aquests qüestionaments ontològics i resulta pertinent per als debats de l’Antropocè, ja que col·loca el focus en les accions humanes sense perdre de vista l’agència del no humà. Finalitzem amb un cas il·lustratiu: Agbogbloshie, un centre de reciclatge i mineria urbana de metalls provinents de residus elèctrics i electrònics situat a Accra, Ghana. Paraules clau: paisatge; toxicitat; materialisme relacional; Antropocè; Agbogbloshie, Cet article explore les paysages toxiques et leur importance à la lumière de l’Anthropocène. Il commence par proposer le concept de paysage hybride comme substitut à celui de paysage culturel. A partir du matérialisme relationnel de la Théorie de l’Acteur-Réseau et du néo-vitalisme, nous développons une conception renouvelée du paysage plus attentive à l’imbrication entre humains et non-humains. Nous soutenons que le concept de paysages toxiques, tiré de l’archéologie de la toxicité, s’inscrit dans la lignée de ces questions ontologiques et qu’il est pertinent pour les débats de l’Anthropocène, puisqu’il met l’accent sur les actions humaines sans perdre de vue l’agence de ce qui n’est pas-humain. Il se termine par un cas illustratif : Agbogbloshie, un centre de recyclage et mine urbaine d’extraction des métaux issus des déchets électriques et électroniques, situé à Accra, au Ghana., This article explores the toxic landscapes and their importance in light of the Anthropocene. It begins by proposing the concept of hybrid landscape as a substitute for the cultural landscape. Based on the relational materialism of the Actor-Network Theory and neovitalism, a renewed conception of landscape more attentive to the interweaving between humans and non-humans is defended. We argue that the concept of toxic landscapes – taken from the archaeology of toxicity and in line with the abovementioned ontological questions – turns out to be pertinent for the Anthropocene debates, since it places the focus on human actions without losing of sight non-human agency. We end with an illustrative case: Agbogbloshie, a metal scrapyard and urban mining site of e-waste located in Accra, Ghana.

Over the last decades, interim reuse has emerged as a possible solution for vacant land and abandoned spaces in cities. It is presented as an alternative to conventional regeneration projects, opening up new possibilities for the occupation of formerly derelict spaces. However, in addition to such opportunities, it also poses a number of risks which need to be mitigated, calling for new mechanisms that foster the consultation and participation of communities within the scope of urban planning. The present research seeks to fill this gap by introducing scenario-elicitation, an innovative participation methodology, which relies on new visualisation and communication techniques in planning. Application of the methodology to an abandoned industrial lot in Barreiro – a shrinking city in the suburban belt of Lisbon, Portugal – yielded the following conclusions: (i) scenario-elicitation constitutes a potential tool for the consultation of communities, as a complement to other visualisation and communication techniques in planning; (ii) interim reuse is embraced by communities as a useful device to respond to vacancy and urban abandonment situations; (iii) citizens' adherence to types of interim reuse is geared, primarily, towards collective space options linked to healthy living practices and the combination of different functional and spatial assets.

A COVID-19 e a crise devastadora que por sua causa se anuncia no turismo justificam uma reflexão. Neste ensaio proponho uma leitura da relação COVID-19/turismo a partir de uma perspetiva mais-do-que-humana e de ecologia integral. Após um breve enquadramento em que a COVID-19 é apresentada como um evento socionatural, é discutida a relação entre a pandemia, o sobreturismo e a crise turística mundial atual. Termino com uma breve reflexão sobre o turismo pós-COVID-19., Finisterra, vol. 55 n.º 115 (AOP) (2020): Número especial: COVID-19

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Work on cyborg urbanization has unveiled the way in which the city is produced through hybridizations of the human and non-human. However, less attention has been given to the ways by which nonhuman actors entangle each other without human mediation. On the other hand, literature on urban ruination has explored the agency of the non-human in landscape transformation, however few works have established the link between the processes of ruination and urban transformation. In this article, we bridge these two literatures and argue that it is possible to extend the concept of cyborg urbanization to include urban transformation processes that are conducted by nonhuman actors, namely vegetation. We explore these missing links through an exploration of the Matinha Gasworks site, located in the Eastern Zone of the city of Lisbon, Portugal, and deactivated in 2001. It is a vacant land, with several ruined derelict constructions of a gasworks. We draw upon archival work, remote sensing techniques, and post-phenomenological fieldwork to explore the 80-year long process of construction and ruination of the Matinha Gasworks site. Our findings highlight the accumulation of distinct temporalities, scales, matters, and subjectivities in the production of the urban.

Urban ruination is an understudied feature in the life of cities. This article discusses its causes. Based on the study of four shrinking Portuguese cities (Lisbon, Barreiro, Guimarães and Vizela), and using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis as the statistical method, the structure of relationships among ruins, economic change, demographic change, social geography and the characteristics of buildings are discussed. Although the study concludes that ruination is a highly contingent phenomenon, the results show that of all the structural fac- tors, demographic ageing and the obsolescence of buildings (poor housing conditions) are the key causes of ruination in the four cities under study. Links between ruination and socio-spatial processes have also been identified.

Tourism is recognized for its positive effects on the economy (Balaguer & Cantavella-Jord´a, 2002; Min, Roh, & Bak, 2016). It contributes to the trade balance and tax revenues, drives employment and boosts entrepreneurship (Williams & Lew, 2015). Notwithstanding, the continued acceleration of tourism in recent years led more scholars to underline the drawbacks of tourism growth (Gibson, 2019; G¨ossling, 2002; G¨ossling & Scott, 2018; Saarinen, 2018; Satta, Spinelli, & Parola, 2019). The current debate about tourism is raising new questions on the sustainability of tourism and the limits to its growth, stressing the compelling need to balance its economic, social and environmental impacts (Blazquez-Salom, Blanco-Romero, Vera-Rebollo, & Ivars-Baidal, 2019; Capocchi, Vallone, Amaduzzi & Pierotti, 2019; Panzer-Krause, 2019). A clearer perception of the need to move away from “growth fetishism” and to evolve into a ‘strong’ sustainability paradigm in tourism is emerging (Higgins-Desbiolles, 2018; Higgins-Desbiolles, Carnicelli, Krolikowski, Wijesinghe, & Boluk, 2019). Education for sustainability is considered critical in this change (Boyle, Wilson, & Dimmock, 2015; G¨ossling & Scott, 2018). As students will become leaders and decision makers in the future, they need to acquire specific skills and competences. Therefore, callings for the creation of tailored training programmes are being geared towards this goal. However, despite sustainability having been deemed a critical topic in tourism studies for decades (Butler, 1999; Hardy, Beeton, & Pearson, 2002), there are still inconsistent views on sustainable tourism which are reflected across the education system and in curricula (Bramwell, Higham, Lane, & Miller, 2017; Thomas, 2009; Wang, Huyton, Gao, & Ayres, 2010). Several recent studies have sought to explore these issues by investigating the extent to which sustainability is embedded in tourism higher education (Wilson & von der Heidt, 2013; Boyle et al., 2015; Cotterell, Hales, Arcodia, & Ferreira, 2019). These studies focused primarily on education, examining tourism curricula and the views of teaching staff. In this paper, the other side of the teaching-learning binomial is explored, based on students’ views on sustainability. The purpose is to ascertain whether different attitudes towards sustainability are found among tourism and environmental sciences students. Academic environmental sciences programmes are keen to develop awareness of sustainable development (Silverman & Silverman, 2003). Hence, environmental sciences students serve as appropriate comparison groups as further explained in section 3. Our intention is to unveil whether both groups of students share the same paradigm of sustainability or, on the contrary, due to their specific training, tourism students are more driven towards tourism economic benefits and environmental sciences students more concerned with environmental issues. To this end, a sustainable attitude questionnaire was applied to students from both courses in the Minho region, Portugal. Based on the results obtained, strategic decisions can be made, precisely on what specific topics should be further addressed during their academic programmes. The methodology advanced in this paper may be replicated at a later stage for different regions.

Ruínas e espaços abandonados são presenças ubíquas nas cidades contemporâneas. Talvez por serem considerados elementos indesejados e anómalos, são um tema pouco tratado nos estudos urbanos. Neste artigo, trabalha-se em vista a uma teoria da ruína urbana moderna. Tomando por referência o caso da área metropolitana de Lisboa (Portugal), sustenta-se que os abandonos e arruinamentos são parte integrante da mutabilidade das formas urbanas imposta pelo progresso e que a aceleração do tempo na modernidade, ao radicalizar o obsolescimento dos objetos, intensifica esses processos. Abandonos e arruinamentos tendem a ser mais súbitos e aleatórios, irrompendo no tecido urbano de forma caótica e fractal, tanto em espaços centrais como nas periferias. Demonstra-se, por fim, que as políticas de regeneração urbana estão a favorecer o reinvestimento nas áreas centrais, embora de forma seletiva, e que se assiste a uma tendência recente de periferização dos arruinamentos., Probably because they are seen as undesirable and anomalous elements, scarce attention has been paid to them in urban studies. A theory of modern urban ruin is attempted in this paper. Using the Lisboan metropolitan area (Portugal) as case study, it is argued that dereliction and ruinification are part of the mutability of urban forms imposed by progress. The acceleration of time in modernity, by making the obsolescence of objects easier and faster, intensifies those processes. Dereliction and ruinification tend to occur more suddenly and randomly, breaking into the urban space in a chaotic and fractal geography, which reaches both central and peripheral areas. Finally, it is demonstrated that urban regeneration policies are favoring reinvestment in central areas, albeit selectively, and that a trend of ruins shifting to periphery is under way, Ruinas y espacios abandonados son presencias ubicuas en las ciudades contemporáneas. Tal vez porque son vistos como elementos no deseados y anómalos, son un tema poco tratado en los estudios urbanos. En este artículo, se trabaja en vista a una teoría de la ruina urbana moderna. Tomando como referencia el caso del área metropolitana de Lisboa (Portugal), se plantea que los abandonos y arruinamientos son parte integrante de la mutabilidad de las formas urbanas impuesta por el progreso y que la aceleración del tiempo en la modernidad, al radicalizar la obsolescencia de los objetos, intensifica esos procesos. Abandonos y arruinamientos tienden a ser más súbitos y aleatorios, irrumpiendo en el tejido urbano de forma caótica y fractal, tanto en espacios centrales como en las periferias. Se demuestra, finalmente, que las políticas de regeneración urbana están favoreciendo la reinversión en las áreas centrales, aunque de forma selectiva, y que se asiste a una tendencia reciente de periferización de los arruinamientos.

This paper is about tourism, visual culture, and imperialism in the post-colonial present. International literature on these issues has been especially focused on the experience of British and French post-colonialism. Few studies have addressed this issue regarding other post-colonial realities. This paper runs counter to that fact by analysing the visual touristic discourse produced in the post-colonial Portugal. The paper examines the way the sub-Saharan Africa is represented in a Portuguese travel photo-magazine – the Blue Travel magazine – so as to verify the extent to which the ideology of colonialism continues to shape the post-colonial touristic discourse in this former colonizing country of the southern Europe. More than 522 photographs were analysed. Using visual methodologies, the paper concludes that many aspects of the photographs contain encoded encomiastic messages of colonialism and participate in a discursive construction of Africa that was clearly shaped by an imperialist gaze. The paper ...

Resume Cet article analyse la situation actuelle et les dynamiques recentes de l’evolution du secteur economique de la culture (SEC) dans l’aire metropolitaine de Lisbonne (AML). Deux observations ressortent de l’etude effectuee. La premiere, c’est la constatation qu’il s’agit d’un secteur en pleine expansion et affirmation, etant donne que la plus grande partie des activites, dont on connait l’evolution, a registre, dans les annees 1990, une croissance importante d’emplois nettement superieure a la moyenne de l’AML. L’autre constatation renvoie a des questions plus territoriales, correspondant a la verification qu’il y a une forte tendance de concentration geographique de ces activites et de l’emploi qu’elles generent, etant tous 2 fortement polarises par la ville de Lisbonne. La tendance de deconcentration geographique, avec le developpement de la specialisation de zones differenciees dans la peripherie, apparait, en tous cas, comme une des tendances les plus visibles de l’evolution recente de ce secteur, fait qui est analyse dans la conclusion, du point de vue de ses consequences pour les politiques urbaines.

The productive restructuring process has affected more than just the economic field, because its effects have been felt on urbanisation processes, on social relations, and on the spatial organisation of society. Starting from the ‘metapolis’ concept, developed by Ascher (1995), we analyse the evolution of new forms of urban space in Portugal, arguing that new urban forms generate new social inequalities and, in extreme cases, social exclusion. Portugal is a semi-peripheral country that combines certain of the trends in social and economic organisation common to core countries, with certain trends more common in the developing world. Thus the understanding of urban change in Portugal is a complex task, made more difficult by the rapidity of processes since the mid 1970s. The Lisbon Metropolitan Area has been deeply affected by the productive restructuring process. The role of economic and urban policies in the Lisbon region is discussed, and an assessment is made of certain measures aimed at solving economic and social problems.

(sem entrada), Finisterra, vol. 29 n.º 58 (1994)

This article examines the role that big cities play in an ongoing change towards a ‘global cultural economy’. Starting from Allen Scott’s argument that a handful of urban flagships may benefit from this shift, it looks for an alternative approach to the territorial dimension of the ‘culture-economy nexus’ based on a more complex understanding of urban culture. A broad theoretical discussion of Scott’s ideas, as well as on the key concepts of culture, economy and the city, is placed alongside two case studies of the development of the audiovisual (AV) media sector in two European metropolitan regions, Hamburg and Lisbon. The article concludes that the territorial dimension of the ‘culture-economy nexus’ is more than the mere concentration of culturally informed economic activity in a few urban ‘master hubs’. Rather, it can be characterized as a non-linear refracted shift, to a large extent moving along historically and culturally determined trajectories of cities and regions.