Search

La presente investigación busca ampliar la comprensión de los vínculos entre las personas y los lugares de acuerdo con dos disciplinas distintas: la psicología ambiental y la geografía. A partir del caso particular del proceso de intervención territorial del Ecoparque Cerro de la Bandera, en la ciudad de Cali, se indaga en la relación entre las experiencias cotidianas y las nociones de lugar, espacio y territorio que construyen las personas, enfatizando en su apropiación subjetiva. A través de narrativas espaciales de vida, se distinguieron significaciones espaciales, territoriales y de lugar, y se analizaron con relación al sentido de apropiación del espacio. Los resultados más destacados muestran que las significaciones de lugar están directamente relacionadas con la apropiación más personal y subjetiva de los sujetos, mientras que las significaciones espaciales y territoriales están en el resorte de las interacciones sociales y funcionales que se dan allí.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar se as modificações na atenção médica em razão da aplicação dos protocolos para COVID-19 afetaram os desfechos clínicos de pacientes sem a doença durante a pandemia. Métodos: Este foi um estudo observacional de coorte retrospectiva conduzido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva clínica e cirúrgica com 38 leitos, localizada em hospital privado de alta complexidade na cidade de Buenos Aires, Argentina, e envolveu os pacientes com insuficiência respiratória admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva no período compreendido entre março e abril de 2020 em comparação com o mesmo período no ano de 2019. Compararam-se as intervenções e os desfechos dos pacientes sem COVID-19 tratados durante a pandemia em 2020 e os pacientes admitidos em 2019. As principais variáveis avaliadas foram os cuidados respiratórios na unidade de terapia intensiva, o número de exames de tomografia computadorizada do tórax e lavados broncoalveolares, complicações na unidade de terapia intensiva e condições quando da alta hospitalar. Resultados: Observou-se, em 2020, uma redução significante do uso de cânula nasal de alto fluxo: 14 (42%), em 2019, em comparação com 1 (3%), em 2020. Além disso, em 2020, observou-se aumento significante no número de pacientes sob ventilação mecânica admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva a partir do pronto-socorro, de 23 (69%) em comparação com 11 (31%) em 2019. Contudo, o número de pacientes com ventilação mecânica 5 dias após a admissão foi semelhante em ambos os anos: 24 (69%), em 2019, e 26 (79%) em 2020. Conclusão: Os protocolos para unidades de terapia intensiva com base em recomendações internacionais para a pandemia de COVID-19 modificaram o manejo de pacientes sem COVID-19. Observamos redução do uso da cânula nasal de alto fluxo e aumento no número de intubações traqueais no pronto-socorro. Entretanto, não se identificaram alterações na percentagem de pacientes intubados na unidade de terapia intensiva, número de dias sob ventilação mecânica ou número de dias na unidade de terapia intensiva.

Ticks are arthropod ectoparasites and vectors of pathogens affecting human and animal health worldwide. The exoskeleton is a structure that protect arthropods from natural threats such as predators and diseases. Both structural proteins and chemical elements are components of the exoskeleton. However, the chemical composition and effect of pathogen infection on tick exoskeleton properties has not been characterized. In this study, we characterized the chemical composition of tick exoskeleton and the effect of Anaplasma pathogen infection on the chemical elements of the exoskeleton and selected structural proteins. The chemical composition was characterized ventral, dorsal upper and dorsal lower regions of tick exoskeleton by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy and compared between infected and uninfected ticks. The levels of selected structural proteins were analyzed in infected and uninfected I. scapularis salivary glands by immunofluorescence analysis. The results showed that tick exoskeleton contains chemical elements also found in other arthropods. Some of the identified elements such as Mg and Al may be involved in tick exoskeleton stabilization through biomineralization of structural proteins that may be overrepresented in response to pathogen infection. These results suggested that pathogen infection alters the chemical composition of tick exoskeleton by mechanisms still to be characterized and with tick species and exoskeleton region-specific differences.

This paper presents the development of the methodology used to create an Urban Climatic Analytical Map (UC-AnMap) of Salvador, Brazil, based on its Land Use Patterns Map (MPO). Located in the Northeast Region of Brazil, Salvador is currently the fourth most populous city in the country, with nearly three million people. First, the MPO was used as a layer; then, an updated version of the MPO was used as a fundamental layer to derive thematic maps based on the distinct urban morphologies found in the city. MPOs are suggested here as a starting methodological procedure, a facilitative tool for the construction of an Urban Climatic Map. MPOs allow the variety of urban land use patterns to be captured and are based on universally available information, such as Google Earth images and tools, regardless of the existence of sophisticated and costly databases, which are not usually accessible in cities in developing countries. MPOs involve identifying and delimiting visually homogeneous land use areas in polygons at an adequate scale of 1:10,000. Similar areas are grouped under the same patterns, regardless of their urban functions, creating a classification system that characterizes different existing patterns by their distinct urban attributes. Salvador’s social and economic inequalities have produced ongoing unequal urban patterns, and institutional and structural factors have contributed to the absence of up-to-date digital urban databases. Given the local context, the Salvador UC-AnMap could not have been made without developing an MPO.

O artigo descreve três obras artísticas audiovisuais (@ Ilusão, Bustagate e Eu Não Sou Pilatus, produzidas respectivamente pelos artistas Vitória Cribb e Welket Bungué, entre 2019 e 2020) para debater como elas tratam, cada uma à sua maneira, o tema da repetição da violência contra corpos negros no ambiente numérico das redes; invocando uma análise qualitativa e estética dos procedimentos empregados nos vídeos e também dos locais em que eles foram disponibilizados, explora-se a hipótese, seguindo Hui (2021), de que a arte joga luz sobre a irracionalidade do racismo viabilizado por algoritmos e assim pode constituir uma necessária aproximação ao sublime, ao não-racional. Ao exercitar tal movimento, os criadores propiciam mais que discussões de temática escapista da realidade, pois instauram perspectivas essencialmente antirracistas, ao denunciar a irracionalidade explícita da violência, como em Bungué, ou ao modelar a deformidade dos sistemas algorítmicos, como em Cribb. É na recursividade transformada em artefato que as possibilidades de interpretação de fenômenos como espancamentos e execuções bárbaras ganham complexidade: as repetições do social encontram materialidade no audiovisual, em novos discursos sobre o espalhamento digital. Além de se apontar para responsabilizações daqueles que permitem violências e replicam suas representações — dentro e fora das redes —, conclui-se que as implicações sociais derivadas do uso das redes, a perpetuar certas violências, são apropriadas pelos artistas em forma e conteúdo, e assim podem habitar espaços mais abertos à reflexão e ao diálogo.

Rhipicephalus spp. (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods, which constitute a model for the study of vector-host interactions. The chemical composition or elementome of salivary glands (SG) and cement provides information relevant for the study of protein-based complex multifunctional tissues with a key role in tick biology. In this study, we characterized the elementome of cement cones in Rhipicephalus sanguineus collected from naturally infested dogs and in SG and cement of R. bursa collected from experimentally infested rabbits at different feeding stages. The elementome was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed the identification of up to 14 chemical elements in the cement, and suggested tick/host-driven differences in the cement elementome between tick species and between SG and cement within the same species. By still unknown mechanisms, ticks may regulate cement elementome during feeding to affect various biological processes. Although these analyses are preliminary, the results suggested that N is a key component of the cement elementome with a likely origin in SG/salivary proteins (i.e., Glycine (C2H5NO2)-rich superfamily member proteins; GRPs) and other tick/host-derived components (i.e. NAPDH). Future research should be focused on tick elementome and its functional implications to better understand cement structure and function.

Understanding the origin of ticks is essential for evaluating the risk of tick-borne disease introduction into new territories. However, when collecting engorged ticks from a host, it is virtually impossible to identify the geographical location where this tick was acquired. Recently, the elementome of tick exoskeleton was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDS). The objective of our preliminary proof-of-concept study was to evaluate the use of SEM-EDS for the analysis of tick exoskeleton elementome to gain insight into the tick geographic and host origin. For this preliminary analysis we used 10 samples of engorged ticks (larvae and nymphs of six species from three genera) collected from various resident hosts and locations. The elementome of the tick exoskeleton was characterized in dorsal and ventral parts with three scans on each part using an EDS 80 mm2 detector at 15 kV in a field emission scanning electron microscope. We used principal component analysis (PCA) (varimax rotation) to reduce the redundancy of data under the premise of losing information as little as possible. The PCA was used to test whether the different variables (tick species, stages, hosts, or geographic locations) differ in the composition of exoskeleton elementome (C, O, P, Cl, and Na). Analyses were carried out using SPSS. The PCA analysis explained a high percentage of variance using the first two factors, C and O (86.13%). The first PC (PC-1; 63.12%) was positively related to P, Cl, and Na, and negatively related to C. The second principal component (23.01%) was mainly positively related to C. In the space defined by the two extracted PC (PC-1 and PC-2), the elementome of tick samples was clearly associated with tick species, but not with developmental stages, hosts or geographic locations. A differentiated elementome pattern was observed within Romanian regions (CJ and TL) for the same tick species. The use of the SEM-EDS methodological approach provided additional information about the tick exoskeleton elementome with possible applications to the identification of tick origin host and location.

In the search for new solid fuels that can mitigate emissions of greenhouse gases and reduce municipal solid waste, it is proposed to produce a solid fuel from elephant grass charcoal (EGC) and blend it with the following binding recyclable materials, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with the aim of increasing their mechanical strength. Immediate analysis results indicate that there was an increase in volatile material content from 21.18% to 28.02% and a reduction in fixed carbon from 65.00% to 58.40% with the addition of binding agents. The higher heating value of pure charcoal was 5924.16 kcal/kg and there was no significant alteration by adding HDPE, however, with the addition of PET, there was an average reduction of 4.82%. According to the elemental analysis of charcoal, there were no significant amounts of sulphur, but silicon and potassium oxides were predominantly composed followed by aluminium, titanium, magnesium and iron according to the analysis of ashes. The addition of thermoplastic binders allowed producing pellets and it was found that those produced by using HDPE are stronger than those produced with PET.

The dependence of mineral fertilizers, increasingly, has brought concern facing the increased demand and because it is a non-renewable mineral resource. The organic fertilization, exclusively, it is impractical in large scale, however, the combination of organic and mineral sources have already proved to be feasible, both from the point of view of nutrition of plants as well as in the aspect of recycling of urban and industrial waste by agriculture. This research had as objective to determine the efficiency of aorganomineral fertilizer formulated on the basis of sewage sludge in substitution of mineral fertilizer in the cultivation of sugar cane in environments with different levels of soil fertility. An experiment was conducted in greater soil fertility, in the Institute Federal Goiano– Campus, Morrinhos-GO, Brazil. The other, less soil fertility, was implanted in the ethanol industry Tijuco Valley, located in Rio do Peixe, district of Prata-MG, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial 5 x 2 +1 being five doses, with and without a biostimulant plus an additional with mineral fertilization, in four replications. The doses were in function of fertilization recommendation of planting and coverage for each environment, consisting of: 100 % of the mineral source and percentage 0; 60; 80; 100 and 120 % of organomineral fertilizer. We evaluated the productivity, tillering, diameter and height of stem in Prata-MG the different percentages of the fertilization of planting favored and increased productivity, height and stem diameter of sugar cane; the use of biostimulants not contributed to increase crop yield. In Morrinhos-GO, the different percentage of planting fertilization did not increase the productivity, tillering, height and diameter of the sugarcane stem; the use of biostimulants increases the productivity yield of sugarcane. Organomineral fertilizer based on biosolids is similar to fertilization with mineral fertilizer in environments.

Interessada nas representações da identidade portuguesa a partir dos filmes do cineasta João Canijo, a obra Uma dramaturgia da violência oferece uma revisão da literatura no campo dos estudos identitários nacionais, com destaque para conceitos dos filósofos Eduardo Lourenço e José Gil. A partir disso e de análises narrativas e estéticas de oito longas-metragens de ficção e um documentário de Canijo, é teorizada uma “dramaturgia da violência” como reflexo de um Portugal contemporâneo.

O livro Welcome to fear city: crime film, crisis and the urban imagination apresenta uma análise histórica e estética de filmes policiais de locação produzidos na década de 1970 nos Estados Unidos da América. Ao discorrer sobre crises urbanas do período, refletidas em novas paisagens arquitetônicas, destaques da imprensa e movimentos sociopolíticos, Nathan Holmes argumenta que os filmes de crime, em sua diversidade, tocaram os espaços públicos de maneira contundente, inclusive contrastando a vivacidade e desordem dos centros urbanos com a gradativa homogeneização suburbana.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever o consumo dietético e o estado de hidratação em corredores de longa distância. Foram avaliados dez corredores do sexo masculino (45,5 ± 21,5 anos), durante uma corrida prolongada (30 km). A ingestão dietética foi determinada utilizando recordatório alimentar de 24 h, antes da corrida prolongada. O valor energético total (VET) e o gasto energético total (GET) também foram determinados. O estado de hidratação foi analisado através das alterações percentuais (Δ%) da massa corporal (MC), índice de coloração e gravidade específica (GE) urinárias, antes e após a corrida. Não houve diferença significativa (P = 0,521) entre o VET (3571,0 ± 416,3) e o GET (3231,1 ± 135,4). O consumo de macronutrientes foi de 60,6 ± 2,3 % (carboidratos); 21,0 ± 2,8 % (proteínas); e 18,2 ± 1,8 % (lipídios). O consumo de vitamina C, vitamina E, zinco, cobre e selênio foram respectivamente de: 415,3 ± 135,0 mg/d; 14,7 ± 4,6 mg/d; 9,1 ± 2,0 mg/d; 658,0 ± 118,0 μg/d; e 118,0 ± 28,3 µg/d. Houve redução do Δ% da MC (~ 3). Nenhuma diferença foi encontrada na GE (1026,0 ± 2,3 para 1022,5 ± 2,8; P = 0,125) e no índice de cor da urina (5,2 ± 0,6 para 6,7 ± 0,3; P = 0,052) entre os momentos pré e pós corrida. Porém, níveis de desidratação foram observados entre os corredores. Conclui-se que um inadequado consumo dietético e níveis de desidratação foram observados entre corredores de longa distância. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the dietary intake and hydration status in endurance runners. Ten male runners (45.5 ± 21.5 years) were evaluated during a endurance run (30 km). Dietary intake was determined with a 24 h dietary recall, before the endurance run. Total energy value (TEV) and total energy expenditure (TEE) were also determined. Hydration status was measured by percentage body mass (BM) loss (Δ %), urine color and urine specific gravity (SG), before and after run. There was no significant difference (P = 0.521) between TEV (3571.0 ± 416.3) and TEE (3231.1 ± 135.4). The macronutrients intake was 60.6 ± 2.3 % (carbohydrates); 21.0 ± 2.8 % (proteins); and 18.2 ± 1.8 % (lipids). The intake of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, cupper and selenium were respectively: 415.3 ± 135.0 mg/d; 14.7 ± 4.6 mg/d; 9.1 ± 2.0 mg/d; 658,0 ± 118,0 μg/d and 118.0 ± 28.3 μg/d. There was a decrease of the Δ% BM (~ 3). No difference was found for GE (1026.0 ± 2.3 versus 1022.5 ± 2.8; P = 0.125) and urine color index (5.2 ± 0.6 versus 6.7 ± 0.3; P = 0.052) between pre and post endurance run, respectively. However, dehydration levels were observed among runners. It was concluded that an inadequate dietary intake and dehydration levels were observed among endurance runners.

Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods and vectors of pathogens affecting human and animal health worldwide. Cement is a complex protein polymerization substance secreted by ticks with antimicrobial properties and a possible role in host attachment, sealing the feeding lesion, facilitating feeding and pathogen transmission, and protection from host immune and inflammatory responses. The biochemical properties of tick cement during feeding have not been fully characterized. In this study, we characterized the proteome of Rhipicephalus microplus salivary glands (sialome) and cement (cementome) together with their physicochemical properties at different adult female parasitic stages. The results showed the combination of tick and host derived proteins and other biomolecules such as α-Gal in cement composition, which varied during the feeding process. We propose that these compounds may synergize in cement formation, solidification and maintenance to facilitate attachment, feeding, interference with host immune response and detachment. These results advanced our knowledge of the complex tick cement composition and suggested that tick and host derived compounds modulate cement properties throughout tick feeding.

The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is a hematophagous ectoparasite of birds with worldwide distribution that causes economic losses in the egg-production sector of the poultry industry. Traditional control methods, mainly based on acaricides, have been only partially successful, and new vaccine-based interventions are required for the control of PRM. Vaccination with insect Akirin (AKR) and its homolog in ticks, Subolesin (SUB), have shown protective efficacy for the control of ectoparasite infestations and pathogen infection/transmission. The aim of this study was the identification of the akr gene from D. gallinae (Deg-akr), the production of the recombinant Deg-AKR protein, and evaluation of its efficacy as a vaccine candidate for the control of PRM. The anti-Deg-AKR serum IgY antibodies in hen sera and egg yolk were higher in vaccinated than control animals throughout the experiment. The results demonstrated the efficacy of the vaccination with Deg-AKR for the control of PRM by reducing mite oviposition by 42% following feeding on vaccinated hens. A negative correlation between the levels of serum anti-Deg-AKR IgY and mite oviposition was obtained. These results support Deg-AKR as a candidate protective antigen for the control of PRM population growth.

Propõe-se aqui a relação de cada um de nós com a proliferação das imagens em termos de vínculo a uma singularidade. Procurar saber o que faz com que certas imagens nos liguem mais a nós próprios do que outras, entrando no lugar da nossa intimidade, e uma questão para a qual, atraves de uma abordagem do conceito de imagem e das suas implicações ao nível do imaginário, se procura abrir caminho.

Sem resumo

Objective: To compare the anterior crowding correction after sequential use of the first 5 aligners between two aligner exchange protocols (7 and 14 days) in mature adult patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty‐six patients over 35 years who received orthodontic treatment with Invisalign® were randomly allocated to two different aligner replacement sequence protocols: Group 1: exchange every 7 days (n = 18); and Group 2: exchange every 14 days (n = 18). All patients were scanned with iTero Element 5D® (Align Technology) in two treatment times: at pre‐treatment (T1) and after using the first five aligners (T2). Little's Irregularity Index (LII) and arch widths were evaluated with OrthoCAD software. Intra and intergroup comparisons were performed with the dependent and independent t‐tests. The results were considered significant for P <.05. Results: Thirty‐five patients completed the study. Both groups' maxillary and mandibular Irregularity Indexesi were significantly lower at T2. There was no significant difference in inter‐canine, inter‐premolar, and intermolar distances. G2 (14 days) presented a greater decrease in mandibular irregularity than G1 (7 days). Conclusion: Both exchange protocols (7 and 14 days) effectively correct anterior crowding in the initial phase of orthodontic treatment with aligners in mature adult patients. However, the 14‐day exchange protocol provided a greater correction in mandibular anterior crowding in the evaluated period than the 7‐day exchange protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]