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1. Discovery of Limb Brightening in the Parsec-scale Jet of NGC 315 through Global Very Long Baseline Interferometry Observations and Its Implications for Jet Models

Author

Park, Jongho, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Nakamura, Masanori, Mizuno, Yosuke, Pu, Hung-Yi, Asada, Keiichi, Takahashi, Kazuya, Toma, Kenji, Kino, Motoki, Cho, Ilje, Hada, Kazuhiro, Edwards, Phil G., Ro, Hyunwook, Kam, Minchul, Yi, Kunwoo, Lee, Yunjeong, Koyama, Shoko, Byun, Do-Young, Phillips, Chris, Reynolds, Cormac, Hodgson, Jeffrey A., and Lee, Sang-Sung

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report the first observation of the nearby giant radio galaxy NGC 315 using a global VLBI array consisting of 22 radio antennas located across five continents, including high-sensitivity stations, at 22 GHz. Utilizing the extensive $(u,v)$-coverage provided by the array, coupled with the application of a recently developed super-resolution imaging technique based on the regularized maximum likelihood method, we were able to transversely resolve the NGC 315 jet at parsec scales for the first time. Previously known for its central ridge-brightened morphology at similar scales in former VLBI studies, the jet now clearly exhibits a limb-brightened structure. This finding suggests an inherent limb-brightening that was not observable before due to limited angular resolution. Considering that the jet is viewed at an angle of $\sim50^\circ$, the observed limb-brightening is challenging to reconcile with the magnetohydrodynamic models and simulations, which predict that the Doppler-boosted jet edges should dominate over the non-boosted central layer. The conventional jet model that proposes a fast spine and a slow sheath with uniform transverse emissivity may pertain to our observations. However, in this model, the relativistic spine would need to travel at speeds of $\Gamma\gtrsim6.0-12.9$ along the de-projected jet distance of (2.3-10.8) $\times 10^3$ gravitational radii from the black hole. We propose an alternative scenario that suggests higher emissivity at the jet boundary layer, resulting from more efficient particle acceleration or mass loading onto the jet edges, and consider prospects for future observations with even higher angular resolution., Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2024
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6. All-around missile defense

Author

Bush, Ed and Edwards, Phil, LtCol, Ret

Subjects
AIRPLANE TYPE - F-35 - Equipment, AVIONICS, MISSILES - Detection - United States, ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (AIRCRAFT), SENSORS
Abstract

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Published
2011

10. The Survey of Water and Ammonia in the Galactic Center (SWAG): Molecular Cloud Evolution in the Central Molecular Zone

Author

Krieger, Nico, Ott, Jürgen, Beuther, Henrik, Walter, Fabian, Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik, Meier, David S., Mills, Elisabeth A. C., Contreras, Yanett, Edwards, Phil, Ginsburg, Adam, Henkel, Christian, Henshaw, Jonathan, Jackson, James, Kauffmann, Jens, Longmore, Steven, Martin, Sergio, Morris, Mark R., Pillai, Thushara, Rickert, Matthew, Rosolowsky, Erik, Shinnaga, Hiroko, Walsh, Andrew, Yusef-Zadeh, Farhad, and Zhang, Qizhou

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The Survey of Water and Ammonia in the Galactic Center (SWAG) covers the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Milky Way at frequencies between 21.2 and 25.4 GHz obtained at the Australia Telescope Compact Array at $\sim 0.9$ pc spatial and $\sim 2.0$ km s$^{-1}$ spectral resolution. In this paper, we present data on the inner $\sim 250$ pc ($1.4^\circ$) between Sgr C and Sgr B2. We focus on the hyperfine structure of the metastable ammonia inversion lines (J,K) = (1,1) - (6,6) to derive column density, kinematics, opacity and kinetic gas temperature. In the CMZ molecular clouds, we find typical line widths of $8-16$ km s$^{-1}$ and extended regions of optically thick ($\tau > 1$) emission. Two components in kinetic temperature are detected at $25-50$ K and $60-100$ K, both being significantly hotter than dust temperatures throughout the CMZ. We discuss the physical state of the CMZ gas as traced by ammonia in the context of the orbital model by Kruijssen et al. (2015) that interprets the observed distribution as a stream of molecular clouds following an open eccentric orbit. This allows us to statistically investigate the time dependencies of gas temperature, column density and line width. We find heating rates between $\sim 50$ and $\sim 100$ K Myr$^{-1}$ along the stream orbit. No strong signs of time dependence are found for column density or line width. These quantities are likely dominated by cloud-to-cloud variations. Our results qualitatively match the predictions of the current model of tidal triggering of cloud collapse, orbital kinematics and the observation of an evolutionary sequence of increasing star formation activity with orbital phase., Comment: 68 pages, 44 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS; slightly compressed images due to file size limitations, high resolution available at http://www2.mpia-hd.mpg.de/homes/krieger/data/Krieger_SWAG.pdf

Published
2017
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11. Effect of tranexamic acid by baseline risk of death in acute bleeding patients: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data from 28 333 patients

Author

Kayani, Aasia, Geer, Amber, Ndungu, Bernard, Fawole, Bukola, Gilliam, Catherine, Adetayo, Cecelia, Barrow, Collette, Beaumont, Danielle, Prowse, Danielle, I'Anson, David, Balogun, Eni, Miah, Hakim, Shakur-Still, Haleema, Roberts, Ian, Brooks, Imogen, Onandia, Julio, Ker, Katharine, Javaid, Kiran, Suncuan, Laura, Frimley, Lauren, Reid, Mia, Arribas, Monica, Benyahia, Myriam, Okunade, Olujide, Edwards, Phil, Chaudhri, Rizwana, Kostrov, Sergey, Kansagra, Sneha, Pepple, Tracey, Ageron, Francois-Xavier, Gayet-Ageron, Angele, and Coats, Timothy J.

Published
2020
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16. A Link Between X-ray Emission Lines and Radio Jets in 4U 1630-47?

Author

Neilsen, Joseph, Coriat, Mickael, Fender, Rob, Lee, Julia C., Ponti, Gabriele, Tzioumis, Tasso, Edwards, Phil, and Broderick, Jess W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Recently, Diaz Trigo et al. reported an XMM-Newton detection of relativistically Doppler-shifted emission lines associated with steep-spectrum radio emission in the stellar-mass black hole candidate 4U 1630-47 during its 2012 outburst. They interpreted these lines as indicative of a baryonic jet launched by the accretion disk. Here we present a search for the same lines earlier in the same outburst using high-resolution X-ray spectra from the Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer. While our observations (eight months prior to the XMM-Newton campaign) also coincide with detections of steep spectrum radio emission by the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we find no evidence for any relativistic X-ray emission lines. Indeed, despite $\sim5\times$ brighter radio emission, our Chandra spectra allow us to place an upper limit on the flux in the blueshifted Fe XXVI line that is $\gtrsim20\times$ weaker than the line observed by Diaz Trigo et al. We explore several scenarios that could explain our differing results, including variations in the geometry of the jet or a mass-loading process or jet baryon content that evolves with the accretion state of the black hole. We also consider the possibility that the radio emission arises in an interaction between a jet and the nearby ISM, in which case the X-ray emission lines might be unrelated to the radio emission., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJL. Comments welcome

Published
2014
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20. Effect of treatment delay on the effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytics in acute severe haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data from 40 138 bleeding patients

Author

Kayani, Aasia, Geer, Amber, Ndungu, Bernard, Fawole, Bukola, Gilliam, Catherine, Adetayo, Cecelia, Barrow, Collette, Beaumont, Danielle, Prowse, Danielle, I'Anson, David, Balogun, Eni, Miah, Hakim, Shakur, Haleema, Roberts, Ian, Brooks, Imogen, Onandia, Julio, Ker, Katharine, Javaid, Kiran, Suncuan, Laura, Frimley, Lauren, Reid, Mia, Arribas, Monica, Benyahia, Myriam, Okunade, Olujide, Edwards, Phil, Chaudhri, Rizwana, Kostrov, Sergey, Kansagra, Sneha, Pepple, Tracey, Gayet-Ageron, Angèle, Prieto-Merino, David, and Ageron, François-Xavier

Published
2018
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21. Deep space debris—Detection of potentially hazardous asteroids and objects from the southern hemisphere

Author

Kruzins, Ed, primary, Benner, Lance, additional, Boyce, Russell, additional, Brown, Melrose, additional, Coward, David, additional, Darwell, Sam, additional, Edwards, Phil, additional, Elizabeth-Glina, Lauren, additional, Giorgini, Jon, additional, Horiuchi, Shinji, additional, Lambert, Andrew, additional, Lazio, Joseph, additional, Calves, Guifre Molera, additional, Moore, John, additional, Peters, Edwin, additional, Phillips, Chris, additional, Stevens, Jamie, additional, and Verveer, Arie, additional

Published
2023
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22. Struggling to protest : the Italian Communist party and the protest cycle, 1972-77

Author

Edwards, Phil

Subjects
342.24507509047
Abstract

My thesis traces the interaction between the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and a series of social movements which emerged in Italy between 1972 and 1977: the 'area of Autonomia\ which pioneered new forms of workplace and community activism between 1972 and 1975; the upsurge of youth-based activism which gave rise first to the 'proletarian youth movement' of 1975-6, and subsequently to the 'movement of 1977'; and the left-wing terrorist or 'armed struggle' milieu, which made its first appearance in 1972 and grew alongside the other movements. Following Sidney Tarrow's work on the 1966-72 period, I show that the growth and diffusion of these movements constitute a 'protest cycle' or 'cycle of contention'. Like the earlier cycle, this is shaped by a process of engagement between contentious movements and the political sphere, mediated primarily by the PCI. However, Tarrow's work focuses on an 'inclusive' engagement, leading to the legitimation of movement innovations and the expansion of the repertoire of mainstream protest. I demonstrate that the second cycle was characterised by an 'exclusive' engagement, leading to the criminalisation of the movements and the contraction of legitimate political repertoires. I trace the interaction between the PCI and the movements by analysing coverage of significant events in the party's daily paper I'Unita and identifying the 'frames' through which the movements are presented. This qualitative approach is complemented by statistical analyses of the rise and decline of the cycle. My approach draws on the symbolic interactionism of David Snow and the social phenomenology of Alfred Schutz, which I set within a broadly critical realist framework. My thesis contributes to the study of social movements and their interaction with political institutions, illustrating processes by which group identities are maintained and political legitimacy is conferred or denied.

Published
2005

23. Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Shakur, Haleema, Roberts, Ian, Fawole, Bukola, Chaudhri, Rizwana, El-Sheikh, Mohamed, Akintan, Adesina, Qureshi, Zahida, Kidanto, Hussein, Vwalika, Bellington, Abdulkadir, Abdulfetah, Etuk, Saturday, Noor, Shehla, Asonganyi, Etienne, Alfirevic, Zarko, Beaumont, Danielle, Ronsmans, Carine, Arulkumaran, Sabaratnam, Grant, Adrian, Afsana, Kaosar, Gülmezoglu, Metin, Hunt, Beverley, Olayemi, Oladapo, Chalmers, Iain, Lumbiganon, Pisake, Piaggio, Gilda, Brady, Tony, Elbourne, Diana, Balogun, Eni, Pepple, Tracey, Prowse, Danielle, Quashi, Nigel, Barneston, Lin, Barrow, Collette, Cook, Lisa, Frimley, Lauren, Gilbert, Daniel, Gilliam, Catherine, Jackson, Rob, Kawahara, Taemi, Miah, Hakim, Kostrov, Sergey, Ramos, Maria, Edwards, Phil, Godec, Tom, Huque, Sumaya, Okunade, Olujide, Adetayo, Olusade, Kayani, Aasia, Javaid, Kiran, Biryabarema, Chrstine, Tchounzou, Robert, Regmi, Mohan, Dallaku, Kastriot, Sahani, Mateus, Akhter, Sayeba, Meda, Nicolas, Dah, Anthony Kwame, Odekunle, Olufemi, Monehin, Oluwabusola, Ojo, Austin, Akinbinu, Grace, Offiah, Ifeoma, Akpan, Ubong, Udofia, Uduak, Okon, Useneno, Omoronyia, Ezukwa, James, Okpe, Bello, Nike, Adeyemi, Blessed, Aimakhu, Chris, Akinsanya, Olufemi, Adeleye, Bamidele, Adeyemi, Oluwaseun, Oluwatosin, Kayode, Aboyeji, Abiodun, Adeniran, Abiodun, Adewale, Adebayo, Olaomo, Noah, Omo-Aghoja, Lawrence, Okpako, Emmanuel, Oyeye, Lucky, Alu, Francis, Ogudu, John, Ladan, Ezekiel, Habib, Ibrahim, Okusanya, Babasola, Onafowokan, Olatunde, Isah, David, Aye, Abalaka, Okogbo, Felix, Aigere, Egbaname, Ogbiti, Mark, Onile, Temitope, Salau, Olaide, Amode, Yinka, Shoretire, Kamil, Owodunni, Adebola, Ologunde, Kehinde, Ayinde, Akintunde, Alao, Moses, Awonuga, Olalekan, Awolaja, Babatunde, Adegbola, Omololu, Habeebu-Adeyemi, Fatimah, Okunowo, Adeyemi, Idris, Hadiza, Okike, Ola, Madueke, Nneka, Mutihir, Josiah, Joseph, Nankat, Adebudo, Babatunde, Fasanu, Adeniyi, Akintunde, Olugbenga, Abidoye, Olufemi, Opreh, Owigho, Udonwa, Sophia, Dibia, Gladys, Bazuaye, Simeon, Ifemeje, Arafat, Umoiyoho, Aniefiok, Inyang-Etoh, Emmanuel, Yusuf, Sununu, Olayinka, Kayode, Adeyemi, Babalola, Ajenifuja, Olusegun, Ibrahim, Umar, Adamu, Yusuf Baffah, Akinola, Oluwarotimi, Adekola-Oni, Grace, Kua, Paul, Iheagwam, Roseline, Idrisa, Audu, Geidam, Ado, Jogo, Andrea, Agulebe, Joseph, Ikechebelu, Joseph, Udegbunam, Onyebuchi, Awoleke, Jacob, Adelekan, Oluseyi, Sulayman, Hajaratu, Ameh, Nkeiruka, Onaolapo, Nurudeen, Adelodun, Affiss, Golit, William, Audu, Dachollom, Adeniji, Adetunji, Oyelade, Folasade, Dattijo, Lamaran, Henry, Palmer, Loto, Olabisi, Umeora, Odidika, Onwe, Abraham, Nzeribe, Emily, Okorochukwu, Bartthy, Adeniyi, Augustine, Gbejegbe, Emmanuel, Ikpen, Akpojaro, Nwosu, Ikemefuna, Sambo, Abdulrasaq, Ladipo, Olubunmi, Abubakar, Sola, Okike, Ola Nene, Nduka, Enyinnaya Chikwendu, Ezenkwele, Eziamaka Pauline, Onwusulu, Daniel, Irinyenikan, Theresa Azonima, Singh, Swati, Bariweni, Amaitari, Galadanci, Hadiza, Achara, Peter, Osayande, Osagie, Gana, Mohammed, Jabeen, Kiran, Mobeen, Ayesha, Mufti, Sadaf, Zafar, Maliha, Ahmad, Basharat, Munawar, Maimoona, Gul, Jeharat, Usman, Naseema, Shaheen, Fehmida, Tariq, Mariam, Sadiq, Nadia, Batool, Rabia, Ali, Habiba Sharaf, Jaffer, Manahil, Baloch, Asma, Mukhtiar, Noonari, Ashraf, Tasneem, Asmat, Raheela, Khudaidad, Salma, Taj, Ghazala, Qazi, Roshan, Dars, Saira, Sardar, Faryal, Ashfaq, Sanobar, Majeed, Saeeda, Jabeen, Sadaqat, Karim, Rukhsana, Burki, Farzana, Bukhari, Syeda Rabia, Gul, Fouzia, Jabeen, Musarrat, Sherin, Akhtar, Ain, Qurratul, Rao, Shahid, Shaheen, Uzma, Manzoor, Samina, Masood, Shabween, Rizvi, Shabana, Ali, Anita, Sajid, Abida, Iftikhar, Aisha, Batool, Shazia, Dar, Lubna, Sohail, Shahenzad, Rasul, Shazia, Humayun, Shamsa, Sultana, Rashida, Manzoor, Sofia, Mazhar, Syeda, Batool, Afshan, Nazir, Asia, Tasnim, Nasira, Masood, Hajira, Khero, Razia, Surhio, Neelam, Aleem, Samana, Israr, Naila, Javed, Saba, Bashir, Lubna, Iqbal, Samina, Aleem, Faiza, Sohail, Rubina, Iqbal, Saima, Dojki, Samina, Bano, Alia, Saba, Naseem, Hafeez, Maimoona, Akram, Nishat, Shaheen, Riffat, Hashmi, Haleema, Arshad, Sharmeen, Hussain, Rubina, Khan, Sadia, Shaheen, Nighat, Khalil, Safia, Sachdev, Pushpa, Arain, Gulfareen, Zarreen, Amtullah, Saeed, Sara, Hanif, Shamayela, Tariq, Nabia, Jamil, Mahwish, Chaudhry, Shama, Rajani, Hina, Wasim, Tayyiba, Aslam, Summera, Mustafa, Nilofar, Quddusi, Huma, Karim, Sajila, Sultana, Shazia, Harim, Misbah, Chohan, Mohd, Salman, Nabila, Waqar, Fareesa, Sadia, Shamsunnisa, Kahloon, Lubna, Manzoor, Shehla, Amin, Samar, Akram, Umbreen, Ikram, Ambreen, Kausar, Samina, Batool, Tahira, Naila, Brigadier, Kyani, Tahir, Biryabarema, Christine, Bulime, Ruth, Akello, Regina, Lwasa, Bernadette Nakawooya, Ayikoru, Joselyn, Namulwasira, Christine, Komagum, Patrick, Rebecca, Isabirye, Annet, Nayiga, Nuulu, Nakirigya, Nionzima, Elizabeth, Bwotya, Rose, Nankya, Margret, Babirye, Sarah, (RIP), Ngonzi, Joseph, Sanchez, Cesar, Innocent, Nkonwa, Anitah, Kusasira, Jackson, Ayiko, Ndagire, Elizabeth, Nanyongo, Christine, Drametu, Dominic, Meregurwa, Grace, Banya, Francis, Atim, Rita, Byaruhanga, Emmanuel, Felix, Lema, Iman, Hussein, Oyiengo, Vincent, Waigi, Peninah, Wangui, Rose, Nassir, Faiza, Soita, Musimbi, Msengeti, Rophina, Zubier, Zeinab, Mabeya, Hillary, Wanjala, Antony, Mwangi, Henry, Liyayi, Brian, Muthoka, Evelyn, Osoti, Alfred, Otara, Amos, Ongwae, Veronicah, Wanjohi, Victor, Musila, Bonface, Wekesa, Kubasu, Bosire, Alex Nyakundi, Ntem, Alice, Njoache, Angeline, Ashu, Alice, Simo, André, Keka, Dorothy, Bruno, Kenfack, Ndouoya, Amadou, Saadio, Martin, Tchana, Mesack, Gwan, Odel, Assomo, Pauline, Mutsu, Venantius, Eric, Nji, Foumane, Pascal, Nsem, Philemon, Fouedjio, Jeanne, Fouelifack, Ymele, Tebeu, Pierre Marie, Nko'ayissi, Georges, Mbong, Eta Ngole, Nabag, Wisal, Desougi, Riham, Mustafa, Hadia, Eltaib, Huida, Umbeli, Taha, Elfadl, Khalid, Ibrahim, Murwan, Mohammed, Abdalla, Ali, Awadia, Abdelrahiem, Somia, Musa, Mohammed, Awadalla, Khidir, Ahmed, Samirra, Bushra, Mahdi, Babiker, Omer, Abdullahi, Hala, Ahmed, Mohamed, Safa, Elhassan, Almardi, Huida, Rayis, Duria, Abdelgabar, Saeed Abdelrahman, Houghton, Gillian, Sharpe, Andrew, Thornton, Jim, Grace, Nick, Smith, Carys, Hinshaw, Kim, Edmundson, Dawn, Ayuk, Paul, Bates, Alison, Bugg, George, Wilkins, Joanne, Tower, Clare, Allibone, Alysha, Oteng-Ntim, Eugene, Kazumari, Ahmad, Danford, Anna, Ngarina, Matilda, Abeid, Muzdalifat, Mayumba, Khadija, Zacharia, Magreth, Mtove, George, Madame, Leonard, Massinde, Anthony, Mwambe, Berno, Onesmo, Rwakyendela, Ganyaka, Sebastian Kitengile, Gupta, Shyam, Bhatt, Rabindra, Agrawal, Ajay, Pradhan, Pramila, Dhakal, Nikita, Yadav, Punita, Karki, Gyanendra, Shrestha, Bhola Ram, Lubeya, Mwansa, Mumba, Jane, Silwimba, Willies, Hansingo, Isaiah, Bopili, Noojiri, Makukula, Ziche, Kawimbe, Alexander, Lubeya, Mwansa Ketty, Mtambo, Willard, Ng'ambi, Mathew, Cenameri, Saimir, Tasha, Ilir, Kruja, Aferdita, Brahimaj, Besnik, Tola, Armida, Kaza, Leon, Tshombe, Desire, Buligho, Elizabeth, Paluku-Hamuli, Roger, Kacha, Charles, Faida, Kato, Musau, Badibanga, Kalyana, Herman, Simisi, Phanny, Mulyumba, Serge, Jason, Nzanzu Kikuhe, Lubamba, Jean Robert, Missumba, Willis, Islam, Ferdousi, Begum, Nazneen, Chowdhury, Ferdousi, Begum, Rokeya, Basher, Farjana, Nargis, Nazlima, Kholdun, Abu, Jesmin, Shahela, Paul, Shrodha, Segni, Hailemariam, Ayana, Getachew, Haleke, William, Hussien, Hassen, Geremew, Fikre, Bambara, Moussa, Somé, Adolphe, Ly, Amadou, Pabakba, Roamba, Fletcher, Horace, Samuels, Leslie, Opare-Addo, Henry, Larsen-Reindorf, Roderick, Nyarko-Jectey, Kwadwo, Mola, Glen, Wai, Malts, El Rahman, Magdy, Basta, Wafaa, Khamis, Hussein, Escobar, Maria Fernanda, Vallecilla, Liliana, and Faye, Gabriel Essetchi

Published
2017
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28. Behavioural intervention to reduce sexually transmitted infections in people aged 16–24 years in the UK: the safetxt RCT

Author

Free, Caroline, primary, Palmer, Melissa J, additional, Potter, Kimberley, additional, McCarthy, Ona L, additional, Jerome, Lauren, additional, Berendes, Sima, additional, Gubijev, Anasztazia, additional, Knight, Megan, additional, Jamal, Zahra, additional, Dhaliwal, Farandeep, additional, Carpenter, James R, additional, Morris, Tim P, additional, Edwards, Phil, additional, French, Rebecca, additional, Macgregor, Louis, additional, Turner, Katy ME, additional, Baraitser, Paula, additional, Hickson, Ford CI, additional, Wellings, Kaye, additional, Roberts, Ian, additional, Bailey, Julia V, additional, Hart, Graham, additional, Michie, Susan, additional, Clayton, Tim, additional, and Devries, Karen, additional

Published
2023
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31. Completeness of ascertainment of construction site injuries using First Information Reports (FIRs) of Indian police: Capture-recapture study

Author

Yadav, Sajjan, Edwards, Phil, and Porter, John

Subjects
Construction industry, Work-related injuries, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

Byline: Sajjan. Yadav, Phil. Edwards, John. Porter Background & Objectives: The construction industry is a leading contributor to occupational injuries. First Information Reports (FIRs) of Indian Police are a potential [...]

Published
2020

33. Effectiveness of a behavioural intervention delivered by text messages (safetxt) on sexually transmitted reinfections in people aged 16-24 years: randomised controlled trial

Author

Free, Caroline, primary, Palmer, Melissa J, additional, McCarthy, Ona L, additional, Jerome, Lauren, additional, Berendes, Sima, additional, Knight, Megan, additional, Carpenter, James R, additional, Morris, Tim P, additional, Jamal, Zahra, additional, Dhaliwal, Farandeep, additional, French, Rebecca S, additional, Hickson, Ford Colin Ian, additional, Gubijev, Anasztazia, additional, Wellings, Kaye, additional, Baraitser, Paula, additional, Roberts, Ian, additional, Bailey, Julia V, additional, Clayton, Tim, additional, Devries, Karen, additional, Edwards, Phil, additional, Hart, Graham, additional, Michie, Susan, additional, Macgregor, Louis, additional, Turner, Katy M E, additional, and Potter, Kimberley, additional

Published
2022
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46. Effect of a mobile phone-based intervention on post-abortion contraception: a randomized controlled trial in Cambodia/ Effet d'une intervention par telephone portable sur la contraception apres avortement: essai controle randomise au Cambodge/ El efecto de una intervencion basada en la telefonia movil en los metodos anticonceptivos postaborto: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado en Camboya

Author

Smith, Chris, Ngo, Thoai D., Gold, Judy, Edwards, Phil, Vannak, Uk, Sokhey, Ly, Machiyama, Kazuyo, Slaymaker, Emma, Warnock, Ruby, McCarthy, Ona, and Free, Caroline

Subjects
Cellular telephones -- Usage -- Health aspects, Telemedicine -- Methods, Contraception -- Technology application, Wireless telephone, Wireless voice/data device, Technology application, Health
Abstract

Objective To assess the effect of a mobile phone-based intervention (mHealth) on post-abortion contraception use by women in Cambodia. Methods The Mobile Technology for Improved Family Planning (MOTIF) study involved women who sought safe abortion services at four Marie Stopes International clinics in Cambodia. We randomly allocated 249 women to a mobile phone-based intervention, which comprised six automated, interactive voice messages with counsellor phone support, as required, whereas 251 women were allocated to a control group receiving standard care. The primary outcome was the self-reported use of an effective contraceptive method, 4 and 12 months after an abortion. Findings Data on effective contraceptive use were available for 431 (86%) participants at 4 months and 328 (66%) at 12 months. Significantly more women in the intervention than the control group reported effective contraception use at 4 months (64% versus 46%, respectively; relative risk, RR: 1.39; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.17-1.66) but not at 12 months (50% versus 43%, respectively; RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.92-1.47). However, significantly more women in the intervention group reported using a long-acting contraceptive method at both follow-up times. There was no significant difference between the groups in repeat pregnancies or abortions at 4 or 12 months. Conclusion Adding a mobile phone-based intervention to abortion care services in Cambodia had a short-term effect on the overall use of any effective contraception, while the use of long-acting contraceptive methods lasted throughout the study period. Objectif Evaluer l'effet d'une intervention par telephone portable (sante sur mobile) sur l'utilisation de methodes contraceptives apres un avortement par les femmes au Cambodge. Methodes L'etude MOTIF (Mobile Technology for Improved Family Planning--Technologie mobile pour une meilleure planification familiale) a mobilise des femmes ayant eu recours a des services d'avortement medicalise dans quatre cliniques Marie Stopes International du Cambodge. Nous avons aleatoirement affecte 249 femmes au groupe beneficiant d'une intervention par telephone portable, laquelle comprenait six messages vocaux automatises et interactifs et, au besoin, l'assistance telephonique d'un conseiller, et 251 femmes au groupe de controle recevant une prise en charge standard. Le critere d'evaluation principal etait l'utilisation autodeclaree d'une methode contraceptive efficace, 4 et 12 mois apres un avortement. Resultats Les donnees relatives a l'utilisation de contraceptifs efficaces etaient disponibles pour 431 (86%) participantes a 4 mois et pour 328 (66%) a 12 mois. Les femmes appartenant au groupe ayant beneficie de l'intervention sont beaucoup plus nombreuses que les femmes du groupe de controle a avoir mentionne l'utilisation de contraceptifs efficaces a 4 mois (64% pour les premieres contre 46% pour les secondes; risque relatif, RR: 1,39; intervalle de confiance, IC, a 95%: 1,17-1,66), ce qui n'est pas le casa 12 mois (50% contre 43%; RR: 1,16; IC a 95%: 0,92-1,47). Cependant, un nombre beaucoup plus eleve de femmes ayant beneficie de l'intervention a indique avoir utilise une methode contraceptive a long terme sur ces deux periodes de suivi. Aucune difference notable n'a ete constatee entre les deux groupes concernant des grossesses ou des avortements repetes a 4 ou 12 mois. Conclusion L'adjonction d'une intervention par telephone portable aux services de soins apres avortement au Cambodge a produit un effet a court terme sur l'utilisation generale de contraceptifs efficaces, tandis que l'utilisation de methodes contraceptives a long terme s'est poursuivie tout au long de la periode d'etude. Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de una Intervencion basada en la telefonia movil (mHealth) en el uso de metodos anticonceptivos postaborto entre las mujeres de Camboya. Metodos El estudio MobileTechnology for Improved Family Planning (MOTIF) Involucro a mujeres que recurrieron a servicios de aborto seguros en cuatro clinicas Marie Stopes International de Camboya. Se asignaron de forma aleatoria 249 mujeres a una intervencion basada en la telefonia movil que consistia en seis mensajes de voz Interactivos y automatizados y el apoyo de un asesor a traves del telefono, cuando fuera necesario, y 251 mujeres a un grupo de control que recibia atencion estandar. El resultado principal fue el uso autodeclarado de un metodo anticonceptivo efectivo 4 y 12 meses despues de sufrir un aborto. Resultados Los datos sobre el uso efectivo de los metodos anticonceptivos estuvieron disponibles al cabo de 4 meses en el caso de 431 (86%) de las participantes y al cabo de 12 meses en el caso de 328 (66%). Significativamente mas mujeres del grupo de la intervencion que del grupo de control informaron de un uso efectivo de los metodos anticonceptivos al cabo de 4 meses (64% frente a 46% respectivamente; riesgo relativo, RR: 1,39; intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%: 1,17-1,66) pero no al cabo de 12 meses (50% frente a 43% respectivamente; RR: 1,16 (IC del 95%: 0,92-1,47). Sin embargo, mas mujeres del grupo de la intervencion informaron sobre el uso de metodos anticonceptivos de larga duracion en los dos momentos del seguimiento. No hubo una diferencia importante entre los grupos en cuanto a embarazos futuros o abortos al cabo de 4 o 12 meses. Conclusion Anadir una Intervencion basada en la telefonia movil a los servicios de atencion al aborto en Camboya tuvo un efecto a corto plazo en el uso general de cualquier metodo anticonceptivo efectivo, mientras que el uso de metodos anticonceptivos a largo plazo perduro a lo largo de todo el periodo de estudio., Introduction Unmet need for contraception can result in unintended pregnancy and avoidable maternal and infant deaths. (1) It has been estimated that, if the need for modern contraception methods were [...]

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2015
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