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Teknik kriptografi dan steganografi berperan penting dalam pengamanan informasi. Gabungan keduanya memberikan tingkat keamanan informasi yang lebih kuat dan sulit dipecahkan. Model enkripsi Parallel Encryption with Digit Arithmetic of Covertext (PDAC) mengadopsi kriptografi dan steganografi dalam pengamanan pesan. Penggunaan PDAC sebagai algoritma enkripsi memerlukan kesesuaian pada proses pemilihan coverteksnya. Ketepatan jumlah covertext dalam PDAC mempengaruhi berjalan atau tidaknya PDAC dalam mengenkripsi pesan. Jika jumlah pesan sangat panjang maka akan menjadi sulit bagi pengguna dalam menentukan coverteksnya dan jika jumlah covertext PDAC tidak sesuai, maka proses enkripsi akan menjadi tidak sempurna. Penelitian ini melakukan pengubahan model yang bertujuan menutup celah PDAC. Modifikasi model yang diusulkan mengadopsi penggunaan covertext yang diterapkan secara berulang. Perulangan covertext yang diterapkan dalam PDAC mampu memproses pengamanan informasi secara menyeluruh. Keuntungan lain yang diperoleh ialah modifikasi ini memudahkan pengguna untuk menggunakan PDAC tanpa harus memenuhi kebutuhan minimum covertextnya

Amid national development efforts in various fields, people's aspirations to eradicate corruption and other irregularities are increasing. It is because, in reality, the existence of criminal acts of corruption has caused enormous state losses, which can impact the emergence of crises in various fields. The number of defendants in corruption cases acquitted by general courts or state courts was based on various reasons. One was the corruption charge against the defendant, but it proved it. The legislators were well aware of the difficulties that law enforcers may face in proving criminal acts of corruption. Thus, besides continuing to refer to the legal aspects of general proof regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), legislators provided exceptions for proving corruption cases. One of them was using digital/electronic proof, such as email, telegram, wiretapping, teleconference, video conference, or CCTV footage. Based on the previous explanation, this study was aimed at elaborating on the legality of wiretapping at the stage of the investigation process in corruption cases and the evidentiary value of wiretapping communication/telephone devices based on the provisions of Article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code to optimize the disclosure of corruption in Indonesia. The research method used was a qualitative method through a normative juridical method, namely the method used by mastering the law for a particular problem and how to implement or apply these legal regulations. From the results, the research found that in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), there was also an article that regulates wiretapping, namely Article 7 paragraph (1) j states that: "Investigators, because of their obligations, have the authority to carry out other actions according to applicable law." This article needs to state that investigators are allowed to wiretap clearly. However, in the elaboration of this article, at least it states that other actions according to the applicable law are already a part of wiretapping that carry out other actions according to the responsible law

Pengelolaan transaksi bagi usaha rintisan dalam bisnis start up perlu dilakukan secara baik dan rapi. Hal ini perlu dilakukan untuk mendukung rekapitulasi pelaporan yang cepat dan tepat sehingga pemilik usaha akan mengambil keputusan pengembangan usaha dengan baik dan tepat. Penggunaan system kasir berbasis mobile, menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersbut. Kegiatan pendampingan penggunaan aplikasi system kasir mobile bertujuan untuk memastikan pencatatan transaksi yang semula dilakukan secara manual oleh khalayak sasaran menjadi pencatatan secara digital, sehingga proses rekapitulasi dapat berjalan secara cepat, tepat dengan data transaksi terkini. Hasil yang diperoleh ialah penggunaan aplikasi system kasir mobile dapat membatu pencatatan transaksi secara cepat, rapi dan terdigitalisasi sehingga mendukung rekapitulasi hasil yang cepat, tepat dan real time.

Vigenere merupakan algoritma enkripsi berbasis teks yang sederhana. Dalam kriptografi, vigenere telah mengalami banyak modifikasi untuk memperkuat kerahasiaan informasi dari pihak yang tidak berhak. Faktor penting yang mempengaruhi ialah penggunaan kunci. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkuat ketahanan informasi yang diamankan vigenere melalui proses penerbitan kunci. Eksperimen ini mengusulkan penggunaan Teknik penerbitan kunci secara berlapis. Fungsi random, penggunaan bilangan euler dan metode penerbitan kunci Blum Blum Shub dieksperimenkan pada model enkripsi “extended Vigenere”. Sebagai metrik performasi digunakan perhitungan nilai entropi. Eksperimen ini mendapatkan hasil berupa penggunaan penerbitan kunci secara berlapis pada model enkripsi “extended Vigenere” meningkatkan nilai entropi informasi rahasia yang berimbas pada peningkatan ketahanan informasi dari serangan kriptanalis.

The dye-sensitized solar cell is one of the most promising solar cells as an alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells. The advantages of DSSC compared to conventional silicon-based solar cells are the easy fabrication process and low cost. In general, DSSC consists of semiconductor materials and dye as a photoanode, a catalyst at the counter electrode, and an electrolyte. The problem is that the DSSC performance is not optimal in the light utilization process. One of the ways to improve DSSC performance is by increasing photon absorption. A method that can increase photon absorption on DSSC is by adding a light scattering layer (LSL) using TiO2 microparticles. The technique used in this study for the optical model is the scattering theory and numerical methods using the Finite Differential Time Domain (FDTD). The scattering intensity and incident photon intensity are used for the electron generation process. The result of electron generation is used to model electrically to obtain the value of the short circuit current density and the open-circuit voltage with the diffusion differential equation. DSSC with LSL has higher efficiency than DSSC without LSL. The results obtained from this study DSSC with LSL has an efficiency of 5.5%, Jsc 16 mA/cm2, and an open-circuit voltage of 0.6184 volts. DSSC without LSL has an efficiency of 4.9%, Jsc of 14.5 mA/cm2, and an open-circuit voltage of 0.6073 Volt.

Dalam menghadapi era globalisasi yang berkembang pesat saat ini khususnya perkembangan Iptek yang semakin maju, maka sangat diperlukan suatu kemampuan (skill) yang memadai guna mendukung kinerja Tenaga Administratif Kependidikan di Kota Semarang. Hal ini dikarenakan didalam aktivitas pelayanan kependidikan beberapa Tenaga Administratif Kependidikan masih belum memanfaatkan potensi yang dimiliki secara maksimal dalam mengoperasionalkan program Aplikasi Komputer. Kondisi ini tentunya berdampak terhadap kurang maksimalnya kinerja dalam hal pelayanan pengguna pendidikan serta aktifitas lain dalam pekerjaan. Tujuan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pelatihan dan meningkatkan serta memaksimalkan potensi para Tenaga Administratif Kependidikan di Kota Semarang tentang cara mengoperasionalkan komputer pada program Aplikasi Komputer, sehingga akan berimbas pada bentuk pelayanan dan peningkatan aktivitas kinerja

Developments in making customer-oriented services (customer oriented) are numerous so that they are increasingly spoiling customers. Likewise with the very rapid development of the Start Up world in Indonesia, so that many large companies are interested in developing Start Ups under their supervision, such as CV Fasnet Media collaborating customer oriented and Start Up services. Collaboration is carried out such as in building a system to prevent interruptions in products and subscriptions. In the course of the New interruption and subscription prevention system requires a website to monitor the operation of the system. CV Fasnet Media is still experiencing bandwidth management problems, therefore a special system is needed where workers can more easily manage data -data l to support the administration of activities that are effective, efficient and can provide easily accessible information facilities. In monitoring the website, it is intended for the responsible party (Team Leader) in monitoring activation by technicians who use a disturbance prevention system and new subscriptions. In monitoring the website also displays potential fault points around the area, then can manage data technicians and customers registered in the intrusion prevention system. This monitoring makes it easier for Team Leaders because they can manage technicians and see potential interference points visually provided on the web-based Monitoring System website.

Sejak ditetapkannya sistem belajar e-learning maka pada guru dan orang tua harus memiliki jurus atau trik mengajar dan belajar dimasa pandemi Covid-19. Kekuatan penyebaran infeksi corona virus yang terbaru ini sungguh luar biasa. Untuk memutus mata rantai penyebaran kegiatan tersebut maka TK AN-NUR melakukan kegiatan bersama pada Family Gadring with Parent melalui virtual bagi anak-anak usia dini. Kegiatan ini bertujuan agar anak anak usia dini mau belajar dan tetap ceria dalam kerja sama, kekompakan anak dan orang tua, serta orang tua dalam mendidik dan membimbing putra putrinya. Metode yang tepat untuk kegiatan komunikasi orang tua pada anak. Metode pelaksanaan nya dalam acara ini adalah lomba kreatifitas membuat TV dari bahan karton bekas, dikerjakan selama 2 jam bersama kedua orang tua atau keluarga dan dinilai pada akhir waktunya. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari 5 kelompok dan setiap kelompok didamping 1 orang guru yang bertugas juga sebagai juri. Hasil akhir mententukan juara dengan kreteria penilaian kekompokkan bersama keluarga, dengan kreteria kekompakkan dalam kerja sama, kreativitas bentuk. Kegiatan ini untuk memupuk kerbersamaan dalam lingkungan kecil yaitu keluarga, karena dengan kehangatan dalam keluarga akan melahirkan rasa saling menghargai dan menghormati, melahirkan generasi yang perhatian untuk keluarga dan lingkungannya.

Coffee production has been a major source of income in Indonesia since the early twentieth century. This study aimed to estimate the energy balances and determine the environmental impact of Robusta and Arabica coffee production as well as identify the measures to increase the efficiency of Robusta and Arabica yield using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The potential adverse impacts of processing ground coffee manifest themselves in the forms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, acidification, as well as water and environmental pollution due to solid and liquid waste disposal. The total GHG emissions for Arabica coffee processing is 1,804 t CO2-eq year-1 while for Robusta, it is 1,356 t CO2-eq year-1. The total acidification potential for Arabica coffee processing can be given by 8,013 kg NO2-eq year-1 and 10,663 kg SO2-eq year-1, while for Robusta coffee processing, the potential for acidification is represented by 60.97 kg NO2-eq year-1 and 79.58 kg SO2-eq year-1, and the potential GHG per unit weight of Arabica and Robusta ground coffee processing were 98.7 CO2-eq kg-1 and Robusta 119.6 CO2-eq kg-1, respectively. The potential measures to mitigate this include replacing gasoline with biofuel, utilising liquid waste with chemical processing, and solid wastes of coffee production, such as brickquetess and bio-pellets for renewable energy.

In this study, coffee husk was used as the primary material to produce biopellets, with a mixture of tapioca flour and molasses as a binder. The concentration of each binder used was 10, 15, and 20%. The addition of tapioca flour and molasses at different concentrations increased the biopellets density, ash content, and fixed carbon content, and reduced moisture content and volatile matter content. The best formulation was obtained by adding 10% tapioca flour; it had a biopellet density of 610 kg/m3, an ash content of 3.03%, a moisture content of 8.03%, a volatile matter content of 81.79%, a fixed carbon content of 15.18%, a calorific value of 17.55 MJ/kg, a water-boiling time of 10 min, a fuel consumption rate of 0.008 kg/min, and a thermal efficiency of 33.15%. The design results were obtained using the distance from (diameter = 26.5 cm and height = 37 cm) the stove to the outside of the furnaces (this amounts to 8 cm, which can minimize the furnace, causing heat to generate from burning). The speed of the blowers can be adjusted by users using a dimmer. The results obtained from the stove’s performance showed the average thermal efficiency of the furnace, which with an average of 3.25 ppm.

Bio-Dye is a dye derived from natural ingredients that have an important role in DSSC performance. This Bio-Dye is later in charge of absorbing sunlight entering the DSSC cells. Bio-Dye is a dye derived from natural ingredients that have an important role in the performance of the DSSC. This Bio-Dye is the one that will be in charge of absorbing sunlight entering the DSSC cells). One important key to know DSSC performance is to pay attention to the quality of the BIO-Dye. A good BIO-Dye can be seen by knowing the absorbance pattern and the function group of the dye its self. This research was conducted to determine absorbance patterns and functional groups based on pH variations in the wet and dry extraction methods contained in the Ocimum sanctum. The absorbance pattern was seen using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a functional group using FTIR. The chlorophyll pigment contained in the BIO-Dye (Ocimum sanctum leaf) was extracted using an ethanol solvent and added acetic acid to produce variations in pH values. The UV-Vis spectrometer measurement results showed the highest absorbance pattern was possessed by Ocimum sanctum dye in the dry extraction method and at natural pH (pH = 6.5). The peak absorbance they have is 648 nm, 614 nm, and 537 nm. The FTIR spectrum was obtained from Ocimum sanctum information containing the same functional groups when variations in pH values ​​were carried out in the wet and dry extraction methods. The functional groups are OH groups at wave number 3356.57 cm-1, CH at 2975.37 cm-1, C = O at 1652.50 cm-1, CN at 1383.81 cm-1, C = C at 880.25 cm-1, and CH absorbed at wave number 1087.78 cm-1. In general, it can be concluded that natural dye from Ocimum sanctum has a high absorbance in the visible light region and contains COOH compounds that can strengthen the bond of dye with TiO2 semiconductors so that Ocimum sanctum can be used as a dye in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC).

One of the violations of human rights is violence experienced by women, where women are placed in a weak and vulnerable position with violence in terms of physical, psychological, economic and sexual violence. This violence results in women often undergoing unfavorable treatment and results in prolonged trauma due to acts carried out by men as holders of power and superior in life, as well as dominating both in the household, the economy and also politics. The existence of patriarchal culture which has existed for a long time and assumes that women indeed in their nature must serve their husbands and as successors to offspring result in women being unable to do anything, especially if coupled with the community's assumption that a woman as a weak person not required get an education which is high because it is labeled as a weak human being and this is what causes men to increasingly dominate the superior or power of women. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of patriarchal culture to violence experienced by women and efforts to combat violence caused by patriarchal culture. Method This study was conducted with normative research by examining the literature and legislation relating to the problem under study. The result is that a culture of patriarchy dominates the superiority of men to rule where woman can rule in life its aspects.

Salah satu strategi yang dapat digunakan dalam peningkatan popularitas dalam web adalah memperkaya informasi pada website yang dimiliki. Dengan adanya informasi yang cukup banyak maka website tersebut mudah untuk di index oleh mesin pencari. Sebuah website mempunyai kinerja terhadap search engine. Website kampus tentunya memerlukan popularitas guna menambah kepercayaan terhadap kegiatan yang ada pada website. Dimana website kampus merupakan website yang bergerak di bidang pendidikan. Pada dasarnya website kampus perlu dipopulerkan karena berimbas kepada kepercayaan dari masyarakat. Dengan memasang tools jetpack dalam website kampus, akan menjadi lebih mudah dalam melakukan analisa untuk melakukan pengembangan website dan arah untuk mempopolerkan website. Sebagai acuan yangdigunakan adalah pemeringkatan website yang dilakukan oleh situs alexa dan webometric yang melakukan pemeringkatan website yang secara periodik. Dengan memanfaatkan data data yang tersaji dan melihat perkembangan upaya dan usah ayang dilakukan dalam periode penelitian, maka dengan melihat perbandingan data dan hasil pemeringkatan website dapat dilakukan dan ditarik sebuah kesimpulan bahwa upaya yang dilakukan dalam peningkatan peringkat akan memiliki dampak pada peringkat dalam situs alexa dan webometric.

Early marriages are increasingly prevalent and the causes are diverse, due to economic problems, promiscuity, and unpreparedness the couple take responsibility for supporting families, the impact on domestic violence, where can include due to physical violence causing injuries body, bruising or serious injury, psychic can be interpreted as cussing, glaring at causing self-esteem and mental decline, sexually interpreted to have sexual relations or rape marriage, and neglect the household and not provide for than five to ten years in a row -According and leave without breaking news. The purpose this research find the polemic of early marriage to domestic violence based on impact and consequences, the research method used is normative jurisdiction where this method refers to literature, namely by examining the literature or legislation relating to the problem under study. The results this study indicate that early marriage causes domestic violence because is triggered the impact high emotional, mental, psychological, causing violence in the domestic sphere, not only to women but also children who should receive protection and affection from parents but become victims, and Another impact is child traumatized and difficult to forget the dark events his life, because the child feels he become a victim his family.

Nanofiber has been widely used in various applications including agriculture, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and many other industries. In this study, nanofiber chitosan/PVA is utilized as an adsorbent for gold recovery due to its superior properties to adsorb metal ions from a solution. Adsorption isotherm was analyzed using the Langmuir and the Freundlich models. These models were used to evaluate the experimental data. In order to determine the more efficient models of gold recovery by using nanofiber chitosan/PVA, regression analysis methods were used to evaluate the data. Based on the result, we found that the Freundlich model was the best model for this study with parameters. This result also indicates that the biosorption process of gold in the nanofiber chitosan/PVA is a multilayer in heterogeneous surface and physical process.

The photosensitizer is an important part of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). Photosensitizers function like photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight and turning it into energy. Photosensitizers also contribute to the efficiency of improving DSSC performance. This research is a continuation of previous research to find a candidate for natural and environmentally friendly photosensitizer (bio-energy) based local area in Indonesia. The photosensitizer used in this simulation is Tagetes erecta, Nyctanthes arbor-tritis, Brassica rapa Sub. Sp pekinensis, Delonix regia, Lawsonia inermis, Callistemon citrinus, and Daucus Carota. The purpose of this simulation is finding several candidates for bio-energy local area photosensitizer that produce high efficiency by displaying J-V curves and P-V curves. The highest efficiency was produced by photosensitizer Tagetes erecta at 1.5% [Voc 0.6385 Volt, 0.00383 A / cm2 Jsc, FF 0.605 and Pmax 0.00148 Watt], while the lowest efficiency was produced by photosensitizer Callistemon citrinus at 1.1% [Voc 0.6162 Volt, Jsc 0.0032 A / cm2, FF 0.557 and Pmax 0,0011 Watts]. These simulation results perform that one of reason give influence at DSSC performance is the absorption coefficient value in each bio-energy local area photosensitizer. The absorption coefficient also determines how much efficiency is produced and how much the photosensitizer's ability to absorb sunlight.

Tujuan pemecahan masalah penjual atau wira niaga keliling (traveling salesman problem, TSP) adalah menentukan lintasan atau rute dengan total jarak atau biaya yang paling minimum. Penelitian ini berkenaan dengan proses optimalisasi pencarian alternatif lintasan atau rute pada masalah TSP. Penjual mencari rute atau lintasan untuk mengunjungi semua kota yang ada sebanyak satu kali kunjungan. Proses optimalisasi pencarian alternatif menggunakan algoritma backtracking. Terdapat lima buah kasus TSP yang akan digunakan yaitu TSP1 memiliki 4 buah kota dengan 6 lintasan (jalur), TSP2 memiliki 5 buah kota dengan 10 lintasan, TSP3 memiliki 6 buah kota dengan 15 lintasan, TSP4 memiliki 7 buah kota dengan 21 lintasan, dan TSP5 memiliki 8 buah kota dengan 28 lintasan. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh algoritma runut-balik (backtracking) dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan jumlah alternatif lintasan yang lebih sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan total kombinasi alternatif lintasan. Semakin besar jumlah node (kota) dan jumlah lintasan (jalur) maka prosentase pengurangan variasi (alternatif) akan lintasan semakin besar.

Proses kriptografi masih sering dikombinasikan dengan steganografi dalam mekanisme pengamanan data dan penyembunyian data. Pengamanan data ini tidak hanya dilakukan pada data yang bersifat berhenti dan tersimpan pada komputer. Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi dalam jaringan memberikan revolusi dalam mengamankan data berjalan melalui saluran transmisi. Dalam paper ini dilakukan sebuah systematic literatu rereview (SLR) yang membahas perkembangan teknik steganografi data berjalan serta memberikan gambaran pengembangan penelitian untuk meningkatkan kekuatan proses pengamanan data.

Kota semarang merupakan daerah yang dikelola oleh pemerintah daerah kota semarang secara mandiri. Salah satu aset yang dikelola adalah aset berupa tanah dan bangunan milik pemerintah serta fasilitas umum yang ada di kota semarang. Aset tanah dan bangunan milik pemerintah kota semarang yang saat ini tercatat dalam Kartu Identitas Barang A terdapat sejumlah 3.092 bidang. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah, bahwa masih ada aset aset milik pemerintah yang tidak diketaui lokasi nya, tidak jelas status penanggung jawabnya dan belum jelas status kepemilikannya. Selain itu petugas yang silih berganti personel, sehingga pengenalan dan pelacakan aset milik pemerintah kota semarang menjadi sulit. Pengelolaan aset tanah oleh pemerintah kota semarang, saat ini dirasa kurang maksimal. Untuk itu perlu dibagun sebuah aplikasi sistem informasi geografi lokasi dan manajemen aset pemerintah kota semarang. Pengkoneksian Application Programming Interface (API) Google Maps pada website BPKAD pemerintah kota semarang akan memberikan informasimengenai lokasi aset tanah dan bangunan milik pemerintah kota semarang pada website googlemap. Website BPKAD yang terhubung ke googlemap memberikan kemudahan bagi operator untuk mengenali lokasi aset tanah dan bangunan milik pemerintah kota semarang. Keuntungan lain yang didapat yaitu meminimalkan kekeliruan dalam pengelolaan aset tanah dan bangunan.

The rapid development of industries that use fossil fuels produces negative impacts on the environment. For the first time in human history, CO2 levels in the atmosphere have doubled compared to the ice age. Renewable energy is one solution to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. One source of renewable energy is solar energy. This energy can be utilized using the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. DSSC is environmentally friendly, low cost, and can be grown on elastic thin films. DSSC consists of four main components, one of which is photoanode. Photoanode serves as a medium for photogeneration of electrons to produce an electric current. For better performance, DSSC was analytically modeled by several previous researchers. But only on macro parameters such as working temperature, solar intensity, and electron lifetime. It is necessary to make variations on the photoanode semiconductor material and nanostructure parameters to optimize DSSC performance. There are three best variations in a photoanode semiconductor material such as TiO2, ZnO, Nb2O3. Further modeling of nanostructures photoanode constituent particles uses the constant overlap method. This modeling can describe nanostructural parameters such as diffusion coefficient, absorption coefficient, and porosity to describe J-V characteristics of DSSC. The simulation is done after the modeling results agreed well with the experimental results based on the reference. Simulation results illustrate the value of sunlight penetration depth that affects the short circuit current density. The short circuit current is proportional to the absorption coefficient and the diffusion coefficient. 0.41 porosity is the optimum value that produces maximum power. Photoanode semiconductor material based on the J-V characteristics of the best is TiO2, ZnO, Nb2O3.

Thin titanium dioxide: gold (TiO2:Au) films are grown on n-type Si(100) substrates by spin coating, using 97% pure titanium (IV) isopropoxide [TTIP, Ti(O(C3H7)4] as a metal-organic precursor and powdered gold oxide (Au2O3) as a dopant. The Au2O3 was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (C4H8O) to a concentration of 0.2 M, and this was then mixed with the TTIP in a 1:4 ratio. This experiment used a TTIP buffer layer to reduce lattice mismatch between the substrate and the film. The growth temperature was varied from 400°C to 550°C with an interval of 50 °C during deposition of TiO2:Au films, in which the experimental results show that the grown film exhibited rutile (002) (R (002)) crystal planes for all temperature conditions. In addition, while the films were grown at a temperature of 400 °C and 450 °C showed anatase (211) planes, the layers realized with a temperature of 450°C and 550°C exhibited rutile (200) planes. Increasing the amount of Au incorporation within a film will decrease its bandgap energy. The 500°C films showed a crystalline domain size in the R (002) plane of around 20.38 nm, making it a promising candidate base material for use in carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensors.

TiO2 nanosize particles have attracted significant interest of materials scientists and physicists due to their special properties and have attained a great importance in several technological applications such as photocatalysis, sensors, solar cells and memory devices. TiO2 nanoparticles can be produced by a variety of techniques ranging from simple chemical to mechanical to vacuum methods, including many variants of physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques. In the present research work we report the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by Sol-Gel technique. The characterization of particles was carried out by XRD and SEM techniques. The importance and applications of these nanoparticles for solar cells are also discussed in this work. Recently, the importance of tailored particles has been recognized in a number of applications such as solar cells and photonic crystals. Among the many metal oxides and their inorganic-organic hybrid materials used for the above applications, one of the most important and complex in this regard is titanium dioxide (titania). In this study, the processing parameters in an alkoxide free sol-gel synthesis of anatase titania nanoparticles were investigated. Factors affecting the sol-gel process include the reactivity of inorganic titanium salt, calcinations temperature, the influence of varying stirrer speeds on the formation of anatase particles, and the nature of hydrolytic solvent and peptisation reagent. By varying these processing parameters, materials with different microstructure and surface chemistry can be obtained.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab tidak lengkapnya laporan Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) Rumah Sakit di rumah sakit Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Kota Kediri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengambilan data berupa wawancara dan observasi di RS Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Kota Kediri selama bulan Oktober hingga November 2013. Analisis fishbone digunakan untuk identikasi akar masalah dilanjutkan dengan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) untuk memilih akar masalah yang paling penting dan alternatif solusi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan akar masalah yang diidentifikasi pergantian Tim Mutu RS yang tidak berjalan dengan baik dan tidak lengkapnya anggota sehingga menyebabkan tidak berjalannya program peningkatan mutu berkelanjutan dan pencapaian SPM. Pembentukan kembali Tim Mutu dengan tepat, dan kelengkapan organiknya menjadi titik awal solusi implementasi manajemen mutu di rumah sakit.Kata Kunci: Tidak lengkapnya laporan SPM, tim mutu RSÂ Â

DSSC is a natural dye-based organic solar cell composed of layers of semiconductor (photoanode), dye, electrolyte, and the counter electrode. The photoanode layer on DSSC acts as a dye binder and can pass on excited electrons to the electrode counter. This component is one of the keys to improve the DSSC performance. The TiO2 material has been used widely as a photoanode due to its high stability to light so that at its optimum thickness it can pass well the sunlight energy on the surface of the DSSC. When the sunlight energy impinges to DSSC for relatively long time, it can increase the working temperature. Theoretically, the increase in the working temperature of the DSSC causes an increase in the electron diffusion coefficient in the DSSC, thus affecting its performance. Therefore, the interpretation of an increase in the electron diffusion coefficient due to an increase in the thickness and working temperature in DSSC is essential to be studied. In this article, a simulation of the determination of the optimum thickness of TiO2 photoanode was carried out. We studied the effect of electron diffusion coefficient on the DSSC open voltage at the optimum thickness. The highest electron diffusion coefficient in this simulation was 9.65x10-3 cm2/s with current density of 0.0145 A/cm2, voltage of 0.3411 V, power of 0.0020 VA/cm2, and efficiency of 2.000%. We found that the higher the electron diffusion coefficient, the open voltage of DSSC increased so that its performance also increased.

This paper has systematically investigated the Curie temperature of Fe1-xPdx ferromagnetic materials under the data simulations approach. Using a Monte Carlo model, we calculated the Curie temperatures of Fe1-xPdx. The Curie temperature of the nanomaterial Fe1-xPdx was measured on variation of compositions (x) at x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9. The Curie temperature of nanomaterial Fe1-xPdx was found decreasing when the palladium (Pd) composition was increased. The Curie temperature is the transition temperature of ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic phase which can be analyzed using the calculation of critical exponents. The Curie temperature of data simulations was obtained and compared to the calculation of critical exponents. The results showed no difference of the Curie temperature obtained from both approaches.

Barium Hexaferit (BaFe12O19) adalah magnet keramik golongan ferit. Ferit diaplikasikan sebagai magnet permanen dan mempunyai struktur hexagonal close-pakced (HCP). Kurva histerisis magnet permanen jenis ini memiliki koersivitas yang relatif tidak besar sehingga senyawa tersebut juga berpeluang cukup baik untuk diaplikasikan sebagai media penyimpanan data (magnetic recording) berupa patterned media. Penelitian ini mengkaji sifat-sifat magnetik bahan BaM berbentuk hexagonal terhadap kurva histerisis dan sifat resonansi feromagnetik pada berbagai variasi ukuran (meliputi : ketebalan dan diagonal hexagonal). Running simulasi mikromagnetik dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kurva histerisis dan frekuensi resonansi bahan BaM. Frekuensi resonansi meningkat (heksagonal diagonal tetap pada 12 nm) dengan bertambahnya ketebalan bahan BaM (misal pada ketebalan 24 nm diperoleh frekuensi resonansi sebesar 21,7 GHz dan pada ketebalan 36 nm diperoleh frekuensi resonansi sebesar 22,4 GHz), hal ini dikarenakan dengan bertambahnya ukuran ketebalan bahan BaM posisi spin terlihat sangat teratur. Sedangkan hubungan frekuensi resonansi dengan diagonal hexagonal yaitu kebalikannya.Kata Kunci: BaFe12O19, Simulasi mikromagnetik, Frekuensi resonansi

Most of the growth of GaN epilayers by MOCVD method reported to date was carried out at growth temperature above 1000/spl deg/C on sapphire substrates. We have successfully grown GaN by plasma assisted MOCVD (PA-MOCVD) method at temperature between 560/spl deg/C to 650/spl deg/C. In this paper we report an attempt to fabricate Au/n-GaN Schottky diode grown on Si(111) by PA-MOCVD method. The GaN films were grown at temperatures of 625/spl deg/C and 650/spl deg/C using trimethylgallium (TMGa) and nitrogen plasma. The diode is a concentric type using aluminum as ohmic contact and gold as Schottky contact. Electrical characterizations were performed by I-V and C-V measurements. The barrier heights determined from I-V measurements are 0.44 eV and 0.49 eV, for Schottky diodes grown at 625/spl deg/C and 650/spl deg/C, respectively. The ideality factors are 4.5 and 5.6 indicate that tunneling as the main mechanism of electron transport through the barrier. This mechanism is typical for moderately to highly doped semiconductor, as confirmed from C-V measurement.