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Introduction: The labor productivity lose because of smoking can be separated by final result in absolute or relative. The absolute is the one that is associated to mortality and then is irreversible because implicate the death of consumer of cigarettes or tobacco in conditions able to work according to local law. This is the labor productivity lose that focus the attention of this research. Objective: To design a procedure to determine the social cost by absolute labor productivity lose attributable to smoking. Materials and Methods: The procedure was made taking account empirical methods as the descriptive statistic, solution of equation system and differential calculus. Results: The procedure designed is appliable for transversal research only. For logitudinal research, the procedure need be applied for each time period. Nevertheless, the CIT develop might contribute with an apk to standarizate the calculus. The application of the procedure at Cuban context in 2011 showed the feasibility from their aplicability. Conclusions: Was made a procedure to estimate the social cost by absolute labor productivity lose attributable to smoking. The procedure is useful in transversal research.

Introduction: In the Health Economy research context usually researches are assuming that the probability of the morbidity attributable to smoking is equal to the probability of the health spend attributable to smoking. Also is attributed the whole health spend because of active smokers to smoking. To solve this limitation, the authors suggested a new rate to measure the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility from a new rate to measure the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Methods: Was made a bibliographic research to describe the estimation process from the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Were utilized as theoretical method the analysis and synthesis, the comparative and the systematization. As empiric methods were used the Principle of Multiplication and the bibliographic research. Results: The rate designed solves the limitation identified during the research about the estimation of the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Conclusion: The new rate will provide a better estimation from the smoking economic burden by morbidity. It application will may identify the role of active smokers and passive smokers in the formation of the smoking economic burden. However, it application must be agree to the supposes identified.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the liver characterized by parenchymal destruction, hypergammaglobulinemia, specific autoantibody production, and hepatic fibrosis and necrosis. Murine models of AIH have been described; however, little is known about the immunologic mechanisms of tissue destruction. In this study, a new murine model of type 2 AIH was developed using recombinant human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). BALB/c mice were immunized with 2 μg/mL i.p. of CYP2D6 in CFA. The control group received CFA or phosphate-buffered saline alone. Alanine aminotransferase activity, autoantibody production, IgG concentrations, histologic damage, and specific T-cell response were evaluated. Persistent AIH, characterized by cellular infiltration, hepatic fibrosis, elevated alanine aminotransferase, and the production of anti-liver kidney microsomal antibody type 1 developed in CFA/CYP2D6-immunized mice. This group presented high levels of IgG and its subclasses IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b against liver self-proteins. Interestingly, IL-2+ and interferon γ-positive Cyp2d6-specific T cells were present in greater concentrations in mice immunized with CFA/CYP2D6 compared with controls. Immunization with CFA, in combination with a natural human autoantigen like CYP2D6, was demonstrated to break tolerance, resulting in a chronic form of autoimmune-related liver damage. This murine model of type 2 AIH is expected to be instrumental in understanding the immunologic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this autoimmune liver disease.

Introduction: The application of and effective fiscal policy for the smoking control in the health context begins understanding the smoking impact over the health market equilibrium. Objective: To describe the basic relation between the health market equilibrium and the application of a fiscal policy for the appropriate smoking control. Materials and methods: Was made a descriptive research about the basic relation between the health market equilibrium and the application of a fiscal policy for the appropriate smoking control. As teoric methods were used the descriptive, the comparative and the historic – logic. As empiric method was used the bibliographic research. The graphs were designed by Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: Society would be better without smoking and fiscal authorities must acknowledge it and take decision agree to that fact. These authorities need induce to smokers to reduce the tobacco consumption. For that fiscal authorities need understand the main causes from the tobacco consumption beginning and keeping. Conclusion: Tobacco consumption intensity growing carries to increase the price equilibrium from this market and much patients leave from this market because of smoking impact. That’s why the fiscal authorities must use the fiscal policies carrying the population to a context with lowest smoking impact over the health services market.

Background. The health education manager must be agreeing with the fact that the education and the health are untouchable economic goods supporting the labor productivity. The professional growing across different courses forms contribute to raise the human develop quality and increase the labor productivity too. All health education managers must understand how take decisions based in the economic knowledge. Objective. Design a postgraduate course for the decision taking in the Public Health context. Materials and methods. As theorical methods were utilized the inductive – deductive, analysis and synthesis and the comparative. As empiric method was utilized the bibliographic research. Conclusion. Was made a single course focused in health manager for the taking decision process. This course takes account the constant needs from health managers respect to the postgraduate education and the possible application from the Health Economy in the health management process.

Background: Smoking control is full important in Cuba. Cuban tobacco industry looks for the significant tobacco consumption growing. However, Cuban Public Health has a national program against smoking. This health institution contributes to generalist some smoking researches. By this institution is possible to call the main health professional related with the smoking control around the country. Much from these professionals haven´t a sufficient academic formation in Health Economy subjects for the smoking control. This condition and previous related are showing the real necessity to make available a postgraduate strategic for the smoking economic control since the Health Economy point of view. Objective. To design a postgraduate educational strategic for the smoking economic control in Cuba. Materials and Methods. Theoric methods: inductive – deductive, comparative and systematization. Empiric method: bibliographic and documental research. Results. The postgraduate educational strategic appoint to the professionals from the Public Health close related to the smoking control. It is formed by six courses, one of them is a diploma course. Inside each course a subject is supported by the previous. By this way is possible obtain a logic process in the postgraduate teaching about the smoking economic control. Conclusions. Was designed a postgraduate educational strategic for the smoking economic control in Cuba, agree to real needs from the health professionals related with the smoking control.

Introduction. Mortality behavior is close related to the human develop. Countries with higher life expectancy have more opportunity to develop their producer forces and become this develop in economic grow and social development. These reasons appoint to a closer researching about the behavior from main death causes in Cuba. Objective. To describe the behavior from the mortality in Cuba from 1990 to 2018. Methods. Was made a descriptive research about the behavior from the mortality in Cuba from 1990 to 2018. As teoricals methods were used the inductive – deductive, the comparative and the historic – logic. As empiric methods were used the bibliographic research and the Ordinary Less Square. All graphs and equation were obtained using MS Excel 2007. Results. The middle incidence rate is close to 91 deaths annually by death cause. From the 10 main death causes in Cuba, Hearth illness, Cancer, Brain vascular illness and Flu and pneumonia are the most significant in the researched period. All these four death causes show a higher incidence rate than the middle from the ten, being the mortality by cancer the most relevant. Conclusions. From the ten main death causes in Cuba from 1990 to 2018, Hearth illness, Cancer, Brain vascular illness and Flu and pneumonia are the more significant because all them are growing during all time researched.

Background. Smoking is given by the tobacco consumption. Thus all smoking economic benefits are based on this fact. Some economic sectors are benefited from the smoking economic impact over the health services demand. The magnitude of these economic benefits is given by the relevancy from the effective demand of health services attributable to smoking. Objective. To describe the main economic benefits attributable to smoking. Materials and methods. As theoric methods were used the historic – logic the inductive – deductive and the comparative. As empiric method it used the bibliographic research. Results. The financial resources able to access to the health services may be limited by the same reason that motive the health service demand: the smoking. One of the more singular economic benefits from smoking is given by the smoker earlier death. The smoker over-mortality carries to reduce the demand of Social Security services to retired people agree to life expectation reduction. Much times the unquestionable health valued isn´t sufficiently considered by fiscal authorities who consider more important at short time the practice value from the smoking economic benefits. That’s why it isn´t sufficient with the understanding and acknowledge from the smoking impact over the life quality and life expectation. Conclusion. The social and the human development may not be supported in the existence of a risk factor that reduces the life value reducing the health quality and life expectative at same time, which raise the living cost and favor to a reduced people number across the addiction to the nicotine.

Background. As risk factor and cause of morbidity and mortality, smoking is close related with labor health. The early beginning in tobacco consumption and the high tobacco intensity consumption are determining several negative consequences over labor health and labor productivity too. Objective. To describe the incidence of smoking over the labor health. Matherials and methods. Was made a descriptive research about the incidence of smoking over the labor health. For that were used as theorical methods the historic – logic, the inductive – deductive and the comparative. As empiric method was used the bibliographic research. Results. A high smoking impact over the labor health determines leasing labor capability, leasing labor productivity and leasing social redistribution potentialities in favor to dependence social sectors no associated to the labor activity. Conclusions. Smoking saves a close relation with labor health. This risk factor act reducing it value since the epidemiologic, economic and social point o view.

The Public Health services are closest related with the human develop. The strong relation between population health and labor productivity is determining the historical economic develop and the real capability to make sustainable the economic develop. Few sectors have an extensive and strong relation with the human develop as the Public Health. The health policies may insider over the whole population and can determine which population sector can access to the health services and the real dimension from the effective demand from these services too.

Background: Primary health services play a decisive role for the social policy about health attention. This Public Health level attends the largest patient’s numbers. The economy resources are always limited. Smoking carries to higher spend from the Public Health agree with the tobacco consumption and the smokers’ number. Then, the economic smoking control since the primary health services must be a priority for the health policy. Objective: To describe the primary public health server in the economic smoking control. Materials and methods: Theoric methods: comparative, inductive – deductive. Empiric methods: bibliographic research. Results: The primary public health server must be agree with capability and limitations from the public health level where works. Thus should be possible optimizate the patiens number applying for health services in superior levels. Conclusions: The smoking economic control across the primary public health services carries to reduce the smoking economic impact over the financial management for the Public Health.

Background: Cancer is one of the main mortality causes in Cuba. Close all cancer types are related with smoking as risk factor, especially pulmonary cancer. The National Institute on Oncology and Radiology is the Cuban health more specialized institution researching cancer. The real available from economic resources limit the institutional capability to cover all demanded services. The determination of the smoking economic burden in specialized health institution as this will contribute to a better valuation of smoking impact over health services management. Objective: Determine the smoking economic burden in the National Institute on Oncology and Radiology. Materials and methods: Theorical methods: historic – logic, inductive – deductive and systematization. Empiric methods: bibliographic and documental research and an algorithm to calculate the smoking economic burden attributable to smoking. Results: The smoking economic burden in active smokers by mortality in 2015 in the National Institute on Oncology and Radiology was 30.9% and including passive smokers was 46.4%. Conclusions: In 2015 the smoking economic burden at the National Institute on Oncology and Radiology from Cuba was very high. This result is according to the high specialization from the health services covered and cancer behavior in Cuba

El principal objetivo de llevar a cabo este proyecto de investigación es conocer el uso de dispositivos tecnológicos que tienen los estudiantes politécnicos de la Escuela de Física y Matemática carrera de Estadística. Para ello tomamos una muestra de población con características similares la cual nos ayudó para el estudio y con ello poder generalizar los resultados obtenidos en la se trata en la realización de encuestas a los estudiantes de estadística, para la recolección y tabulación de datos, de tal manera que podamos determinar cuál es el dispositivo que predomina más en los jóvenes y las consecuencias que consecuencias que del uso excesivo de dispositivos tecnológicos haciendo que los estudiantes deserten la carrera. Por ello, es preciso que la sociedad en general, pero de una manera más directa la familia y la escuela, tomen conciencia de este fenómeno, asumiendo las responsabilidades que les incumben y dotando de la formación y de los mecanismos necesarios a los más jóvenes para que estos hagan un uso correcto y adecuado de las tecnologías

El revoltijo es una práctica bien antigua y en la actualidad se ha convertido en moda para muchas personas que aún no tienen conciencia del riesgo que constituye. Aquí podemos ver los resultados hechos, mediante las encuestas aplicadas a los estudiantes para poder sacar un análisis al tema tratado. El revoltijo es una conducta que ha acompañado al ser humano durante toda su historia, para iniciar podemos recordar a una de las sociedades más famosas al respecto en la historia: Los Romanos; para casi de todos, es conocida la promiscuidad sexual en que se vivió en la antigua Roma, nombres como Tiberio, Calígula, Claudio, Julia y Mesalina, se consideran algunos de los grandes exponentes de la lujuria reinante en el imperio Romano. En este proyecto que fue realizado a los estudiantes de FIMA, se puedo examinar respectivamente el revoltijo y maltrato, con sus posibles causas, consecuencias, que estos problemas producen. El maltrato físico y psicológico se da como consecuencia de la práctica sexual a tempranas edades sin responsabilidad, con varias personas, conocida como revoltijo, no todos los estudiantes de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Facultad de Ciencias; consideran que esto sea así, por la diversidad de ideas y puntos de vista existentes, lo que se evidenciará con más especificidad en el análisis que se dará en los próximos capítulos de este trabajo de investigación.

La información proporcionada y recopilada mediante la técnica de muestreo aleatorio simple, con la elaboración de encuestas y entrevistas a los estudiantes de la carrera de Estadística, realizadas para llevar a cabo la presente investigación, nos da como resultado en cuanto a las experiencias de aprendizaje y el desarrollo del pensamiento científico que forman parte del pensamiento humano desde la infancia, ya que nos permite desarrollar nuevos conocimientos, mejorar la capacidad de razonamiento y habilidad, el pensamiento científico también es fatico, trascendente, analítico, preciso, simbólico, verificable, metódico, predictivo, abierto y útil. Esto conlleva a mejorar la relación con el entorno físico y la percepción de los espacios, las formas, las partes y en todo momento, las experiencias de aprendizaje se llevan a cabo en el pasar de los años; son aquellos conocimientos que se van adquiriendo tanto en los estudios como en la vida cotidiana. “El aprendizaje es el proceso a través del cual se modifican y adquieren habilidades, destrezas, conocimientos, conductas y valores, esto como resultado del estudio, la experiencia, la instrucción, el razonamiento y la observación. Es una de las funciones mentales más importantes en humanos, animales y sistemas artificiales”. En la investigación hemos podido determinar que los estudiantes en un 59.4% indican que los docentes no refuerzan las clases, la variable responsabilidad del docente indica que el 81.3% de estudiantes observan que es responsabilidad del docente crear un escenario con intencionalidad pedagógica, además existe un conocimiento limitado sobre el pensamiento colectivo del alumnado en las excelencias de aprendizaje y el desarrollo del pensamiento científico de la carrera de estadística. La variable plan de trabajo determina que el 62.5% de estudiantes de estadística, opinaron que la información sobre el programa, plan de trabajo y evaluación no es suficiente.

La presente investigación, tiene por objetivo analizar la capacidad de gestión del conocimiento con liderazgo integrado a los valores personales e institucionales que permitan contribuir a elevar la calidad de la educación en los centros educativos de nivel superior. Empezando con la investigación de los referentes teóricos sobre gestión educativa, liderazgo educativo y gestión de la calidad en valores; así como descubrir una actitud crítica para seleccionar, procesar y presentar información valiosa que vivencia cada una de los autores de la educación superior, determinando los roles y liderazgo de los directivos en la ejecución de planes estratégicos y operativos en la institución investigada la cual permite asumir con responsabilidad la elaboración del diagnóstico institucional en los diferentes escenarios que se evidencia el liderazgo y valores como eje transversal de la administración educativa. La investigación ayudó a conocer más sobre lo que significa gestión, liderazgo y valores, y conocer la situación real actual y su visión en el progreso individual, grupal e institucional de sus actores. Por lo tanto dicha institución constituye un referente académico para las actuales generaciones en la formación ética y en valores.

The aims of this study were to determine the involvement of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and IL-17-producing cells in dengue pathogenesis. Blood samples from dengue virus (DENV)-infected patients were collected on different days after the onset of symptoms. Patients were classified according to 1997 World Health Organization guidelines. Our study examined 152 blood samples from dengue fever (DF, n = 109) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF, n = 43) patients and 90 blood samples from healthy controls (HC). High serum concentrations of IL-17A and IL-22 were also associated with DHF (IL-17A [DHF vs. DF, p &lt, 0.01, DHF vs. HC, p &lt, 0.0001], IL-22 [DHF vs. DF, p &lt, 0.05, 0.0001]). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between serum levels of IL-17A and IL-23, a key cytokine that promotes IL-17-based immune responses (r = 0.4089, p &lt, 0.0001). Consistent with the IL-17-biased immune response in DHF patients, we performed ex vivo activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from DHF patients and flow cytometry analysis showed a robust IL-17-biased immune response, characterized by a high frequency of CD4+IL-17+ producing cells. Our results suggests IL-17-producing cells and their related cytokines can play a prominent role in this viral disease.

The complete economic evaluations for the Public Health are useful tools for taking decisions process...

In this paper, we describe our coronary stent (INC-1) design and development, the way that we found the specific characteristics needed for our device including biophysics aspects, design, finite element testing, manufacturing, and mechanic trials, we submitted and animal models experiences. The stent platform was cobalt-chromium L605 (Co-Cr), with struts thickness of 80 μm, balloon expandable. We placed the coronary stent INC-1 on a rabbit and dog models so we can evaluate efficacy and security of the device in relationship to its biomechanical properties including navigation capacity, traceability, symmetric expansion, and safety, as well as endothelial attachment, thrombogenicity, and lack of involvement of secondary branches in these models. We succeeded in efficacy and safety of the device after fluoroscopy-guided implant proving excellent capacity of release system, traceability, fluoroscopic visualization, symmetric expansion, and complete endothelial attach. Furthermore, we obtained a good post-implant balloon withdrawal, functional integrity, and no vascular complications. We observed adequate clinical evolution 3 weeks after the stent implantation.En esta publicación se describen el diseño y el desarrollo de un stent coronario (INC-1), la forma en que se determinaron las características biofísicas deseadas, el diseño y las pruebas computacionales por elemento finito, su fabricación, así como las pruebas mecánicas a las que se sometió el prototipo y por último las primeras experiencias en modelos animales. La plataforma del stent desarrollado fue de cobalto y cromo L605 (Co-Cr), con struts de 80 μm de grosor, expandido por balón. La colocación del stent coronario INC-1 se realizó en un modelo de conejo y uno canino con el objetivo de evaluar el éxito técnico y de seguridad del stent en relación con las propiedades biomecánicas (capacidad de navegación, maniobrabilidad, expansión simétrica del stent) y de seguridad (fijación a la pared vascular y ausencia de compromiso de ramas secundarias y formación de trombos en el momento de la colocación del stent en el modelo animal). Se obtuvo éxito técnico y de seguridad del stent después del implante guiado por fluoroscopia, lo que demostró adecuada capacidad del sistema liberador, excelente maniobrabilidad, adecuada visualización fluoroscópica, expansión simétrica y fijación completa a la pared vascular, capacidad para retirar el balón desinflado después del implante, e integridad funcional y sin complicaciones vasculares. La evolución clínica fue favorable a tres semanas del seguimiento planeado.

Introduction: The precise estimation of epidemiologic and economic rates contributes to make better the whole process of taking decisions for the effective smoking control. In 2017 the authors published a new formula to estimate the probability for the effective demand of health services attributable to smoking. This rate is very important because show the representativeness from the smoking economic burden in the burden of sickness related to smoking. Objective: To check analytically the ability of the rate of probability for the effective demand of health services attributable to smoking suggested by the authors. Materials and methods: Was made an analytic research for the ability to use a rate to measures the probability of the effective demand of health services attributable to smoking. Were used as theoretical methods the comparative and the inductive-deductive. As empiric method was utilized the bibliographic research and the differential calculus. Results: The formula of probability of the effective demand of health services attributable to smoking is growing and concave front of the intensity of the tobacco consumption. Conclusion: The suggested rate to measure the probability of the effective demand of health services attributable to smoking is strong trustable estimating the economic burden attributable to smoking.

Background. In Cuba all health services are covered by the fiscal resources. That’s why the Cuban government most takes heavy decisions to support the transportation and electrician services for health services. The majority from the electricity generated in Cuba is obtained by gross petroleum. Then, the health services and the patient’s satisfaction are close related to the importation of gross petroleum to support the electrician and the health services transportation demand. The use of photovoltaic sun energy contributes to reduce the electrician demand generated by fossil fuel, to reduce the importation of gross petroleum to generate electricity and the save in international currency obtained may be used to cover the importation costs related to transportation services for the health services. Objective. To value the use of photovoltaic sun energy to support the hospital services in Havana. Materials and methods. Was made a descriptive research about the benefits utilizing the photovoltaic sun energy to support the hospital services in Havana. As theorical methods were utilized the inductive – deductive, the comparative and the historical – logical. As empiric methods were used the document and bibliographic research and the arithmetic calculus. Results. If these hospitals considered should install 5000 photovoltaic cell, they should generate 236.25 MW during 350 days at year. This electricity represents the substitution of 65677.5 MT of this fossil fuel annually. Conclusions. Photovoltaic sun energy shows several benefits for developing countries in tropical zones as Cuba. The example showed before should be taken account in health systems of tropical countries as example to reduce the health services costs and increase the patient satisfaction too.

Introduction: In economic terms the costs may be classified as touchable and untouchable. The touchable costs are given for a relative easiness to be measured and quantified too. At present health context one of the items with more research needs respect to the economic impact is the smoking. Objective: To describe the main touchable costs related to smoking as risk factor. Methods: Was made a descriptive research about the main touchable costs related to smoking as risk factor. As teoricals methods were used the inductive – deductive, analysis and synthesis and comparative. As empiric method was used the bibliographic research. Results: Was made a conceptual disaggregation of touchablecost because of smoking to facility it accounting to be staring point to futures similar economic evaluations. Conclusions: Beginning of identify the smoking particularities like multicausal risk factor was made a general conceptual disaggregation of touchablecost because of smoking to facility since a social point of view, the smoking economic accounting.

COVID-19 focuses the international strategic for the Public Health. The absence of a definitive treatment had carried to adopt several measures to control it. The biblical law affording leprosy is showing a defined epidemiologic strategic to control this illness. This strategy is focused in the value of the self inquest, the importance from the scientific research, the useful from the social isolate, the hygiene role in the prevention and the gradual insertion into the society post illness. These elements are showing that the epidemiologic strategic contained in The Bible for the leprosy control is effectively applicable to the COVID-19 control

espanolAntecedentes: el costo de realizar una intervencion coronaria percutanea es considerablemente alto tanto para el paciente como para los sistemas de salud, que han impulsado el desarrollo de tecnologia local para ayudar a cubrir la necesidad de estos dispositivos. Metodos: El stent de metal desnudo INC-01 fue desarrollado en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia de la Ciudad de Mexico y fue implantado por primera vez en modelos porcinos con exito tecnico en el 100% de los parametros evaluados. Presentacion de casos: Presentamos los tres primeros casos de pacientes con cardiopatia isquemica a los que se les implanto el stent de metal desnudo INC-01. La ecografia intracoronaria se realizo tras la implantacion del stent, mostrando todas las caracteristicas del exito del implante durante la evaluacion y el seguimiento clinico. Conclusiones: Se realizo angiografia y ecografia intracoronaria demostrando que el stent de metal desnudo INC-01 tiene caracteristicas fisicas, biologicas e histologicas similares a las encontradas en los stents metalicos comerciales. EnglishBackground: The cost of performing a percutaneous coronary intervention is considerably high for the patient as well as for health systems, which have promoted the development of local technology to help meet the need for these devices. Methods: The INC-01 bare-metal stent was developed at the National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City and was first implanted on porcine models with technical success in 100% of the evaluated parameters. Presentation of Cases: We present the first three cases of patients with ischemic heart disease, to whom the INC-01 bare-metal stent was implanted. Intracoronary ul- trasonography was performed post-stent implantation, showing all the characteristics of implant success during evaluation and clinical follow-up. Conclusions: Angiography and intracoronary ultrasound were carried out demonstrating that the INC-01 bare-metal stent has physical, biological, and histological characteristics similar to those found in commercial metallic stents. (REV INVEST CLIN. 2020;72(1):32-6)

Background PCI is an expensive procedure in our population and it implies a huge cost for the institutions and National Health Service. Aim of the study The main objective was to evaluate the technical and biological success of two stents designed in Mexico. Methods Ten York pigs, 4–6 months of age, underwent implantation of the bare metal INC-01 (10 stents) and INC-02 (6 stents) coronary stent in addition to a conventional commercial stent (10 stents). Technical success was evaluated immediately with angiography and Intravascular Ultrasound IVUS, continued by a mean follow-up of 4 month and a final angiographic, IVUS and histological evaluation. Results Initial technical success, angiography and IVUS between the three stents were not significant. One stent presented restenosis in follow-up (commercial stent), but all other stents presented excellent clinical outcome, satisfactory angiographic and IVUS results. Inflammation, proliferation and endothelialization between the stents had no major differences in histological analysis in a mean of 4 months follow-up. Conclusions In this pig model, the INC 01 and INC 02 stents showed the same delivering technical success, angiographic and IVUS features, biological and histological response compared to commercial last generation stents.