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Infections by gastrointestinal parasites are found in a variety of animals worldwide. For the diagnosis of such infections, the flotation method is commonly used to detect parasitic microorganisms, such as oocysts or eggs, in feces. Instead of adding a flotation solution after the final centrifugation step and using a cover slip to collect the parasites, the method using a wire loop for the recovery of the organisms has been reported as one of alternative methods. However, the recovery rates of microorganisms from the flotation method have not been analysed. In the present study, the utility of a flotation method with the use of a wire loop of 8 mm in diameter (the loop method) was evaluated using different numbers of E. tenella oocysts and Heterakis gallinarum eggs, and chicken fecal samples collected at the farms. Consequently, we found that the oocysts and eggs in tubes could be collected at a ratio of 2.00 to 3.08. Thus, our results indicate that the loop method is a simple and time saving method, implicating the application for the estimated OPG/ EPG (Oocysts/Eggs per gram) of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in the Journal of Raptor Research, discusses the observation of a Ferruginous Hawk consuming her own egg, a behavior known as filial oophagy. The study notes that cannibalism, including the consumption of young and eggs by conspecifics, is well-documented across various animal species. While cannibalism among raptors, such as siblicide and filicide, has been frequently reported, instances of filial oophagy are relatively undocumented. The article presents an observation of a wild female Ferruginous Hawk consuming her own egg and discusses possible hypotheses for this behavior. The study was conducted in a population of breeding Ferruginous Hawks in western Wyoming, USA, using nest-monitoring camera systems. The researchers highlight the importance of studying the prey items and reproductive performance of Ferruginous Hawks in relation to potential natural gas and oil development in the area. The article discusses the occurrence of filial oophagy, or the consumption of eggs by parents, in birds. The authors present evidence suggesting that the initial breakage of the egg was likely accidental rather than due to predation or limited resources. They also highlight the underreporting of filial oophagy in birds and suggest that the use of camera traps may help increase observations of this behavior. The authors encourage further monitoring of broken eggs and filial oophagy in their study area, which is located in a natural gas field with hydraulic fracking, to assess potential environmental impacts. [Extracted from the article]

This study aims to investigate the reproductive characteristics of Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778) from Diyarbakır, Southeast Turkey. From October 2023 to February 2024, the reproductive activities of over 300 individuals were monitored in Yeniköy Cemetery in Diyarbakır. The snails were first observed mating on 18 October 2023, after the autumn rains, with the first egg laying observed on 3 November 2023. The last mating observation occurred on 8 January 2024. A total of 225 individuals were noticed mating during this period. The number of eggs per clutch ranged from 36 to 114, with an egg hatching time between 18 and 32 days. Eggs were deposited amidst damp mosses, beneath decomposing vegetation, or on the damp soil surface. The spawning period lasts 12–13 weeks. Egg weights varied from 0.60 to 1.20 mg, and egg diameters ranged from 1.10 to 1.42 mm. Hatchling snails had shells with 1.5–2 whorls (protoconch), weighing between 1.15 and 1.72 mg on. The height of the hatchling’s shells ranged from 0.75 to 0.94 mm, and the width ranged from 1.21 to 1.38 mm. This study offers a detailed insight into the reproductive biology of C. virgata and marks the first record of the species in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is ranked as the 2nd largest egg producer in the world. Despite the prevalence of backyard poultry (free range), a majority of the commercial egglaying hens in the country are still housed in battery cages. There is a global shift toward cage-free eggs, due to regulations and increased demand from conscious consumers and food corporations. However, there are very few commercial cage-free facilities in India to meet this demand. The aim of this study was to undertake a needs-assessment survey of Indian egg producers on cage-free production, and understand what support is needed to build the capacities of the cage-free egg production sector to develop it into a viable and sustainable alternative to battery cage eggs. The results showed that nearly all producers agreed on the need for additional support in shifting to, and operating in, the cage-free sector. This included support in the form of financial assistance, technical training, and promotion of the cage-free sector. The results of this study highlight the pressing need for government and private support, in the absence of which cage-free producers are compelled to compete with battery cage poultry producers on prices, which will result in increased losses and failure of the sector, since they have not yet achieved economies of scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the diet modification (soybean and lupine addition) on the content of protein and amino acids (AA) in eggs was studied. Both the sampling day and the diet influenced the total protein content. In albumen, the lowest protein content (10.6%) was noted after administering a diet containing 25% lupine; in the same egg the yolk contained the most proteins (16.7%). In the content of nonessential AA (NAA) in egg yolks, differences were noted only for cysteine, with its the highest content in the yolks of the control group. The stable content of essential yolk amino acids (EAA) was observed only for isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. The highest contents of EAA and NAA were recorded in the yolks of the control group (~47 and ~53 g/100 g of protein, respectively) and in the group with 25% additions of lupine (~42 and ~51 g/100 g of protein, respectively). AA with constant content in the tested albumens were methionine, tryptophan and alanine. The highest content of EAA (>~42 g/100 g of protein) and NAA (>~62 g/100 g of protein) were determined in albumen of eggs determined in the group with at least 20% additions of lupine. The highest content of EAA for humans delivered eggs from groups 4–6 (with the addition of soy into the diet ≤5%). The protein sources used in the hen diet significantly influenced the content of protein and individual AA in the produced eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several species of the worldwide distributed genus Calliphora Robineau‐Desvoidy (Insecta, Diptera, Calliphoridae) are medically important vectors and agents of myiasis. Furthermore, these flies are relevant in forensics because they are found in corpses. Information regarding the taxonomy, bionomics and distribution of Calliphora species endemic to South America, including Calliphora lopesi Mello, is scarce. To expand knowledge on C. lopesi, this study presents descriptions of eggs, larvae, puparia and developmental data at 14, 17, 20, 23 and 26 ± 1°C for the first time. Adult flies were collected from the field and kept in the laboratory to obtain samples for morphological and biological studies. Immatures were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. To assess the growth rate, 10 specimens from each temperature group were randomly removed from the diet and weighed every 24 h from larval hatching until pupation. The minimum developmental threshold, thermal constant and linear development‐rate equations were calculated for each stage. Considering weight gain records and survival rates, the optimum temperature for the development of C. lopesi ranges from 23 to 26°C. A key to third‐instar larvae of known Neotropical species of Calliphora was also provided to assist in identification. The information provided in this study should be useful in expanding knowledge about Neotropical Calliphoridae species of forensic importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food allergy (FA) is a potentially life‐threatening chronic condition that is becoming an increasing public health problem worldwide. This systematic review (SR) was carried out to inform the development of clinical recommendations on the treatment of IgE‐mediated FA with biologics and/or IT for the update of the EAACI guidelines. A SR of randomized‐controlled trials or quasi‐controlled trials was carried out. Studies were identified via comprehensive search strategies in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library, up to April 2022. Population: Human adults, children, and adolescents with IgE‐mediated FA. Intervention: IT and/or biologics. Comparator: Placebo or standard‐of‐care (allergen avoidance). Outcome: Efficacy (desensitization, sustained unresponsiveness (SU), remission), quality of life, and safety (systemic and local adverse reactions (AR)). The Cochrane RoB tool was used to assess the risk of bias. It was reported according to PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO CRD4202229828. After screening, 121 studies were included (111 for IT and 10 for biologics). Most studies had a high risk of bias and showed high heterogeneity in design and results. Metanalysis showed a positive effect of biologics and IT in terms of relative risk (RR) for achieving tolerance to the culprit food compared to avoidance or placebo. Omalizumab for any FA showed a RR of 2.17 [95% confidence interval: 1.22, 3.85]. For peanut allergy, oral IT (OIT) had a RR of 11.94 [1.76, 80.84] versus avoidance or placebo, sublingual IT (SLIT) had a RR of 3.00 [1.04, 8.66], and epicutaneous IT (EPIT) of 2.16 [1.56, 3.00]. OIT had a RR of 5.88 [2.27, 15.18] for cow's milk allergy, and of 3.43 [2.24, 5.27] for egg allergy. There was insufficient data on SLIT or EPIT for the treatment of egg and milk allergies. Most ARs reported were mild. For OIT the most common AR involved the gastrointestinal system and for EPIT, AR's most commonly affected the skin. There was limited data on severe or life‐threatening ARs. There was limited evidence for long term efficacy and quality of life. In conclusion, biologics and IT, alone or in combination, are effective in achieving desensitization while on active treatment but more evidence is needed on long‐term tolerance as current evidence is not of high quality. Adverse events while on therapy are generally mild to moderate but a long‐term comprehensive safety profile is missing. There is a critical need to optimize and standardize desensitization protocols and outcome measures to facilitate our understanding of the efficacy and safety as well as to allow for comparison between interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The honeybee queen is the engine of the colony, laying thousands of eggs that develop into larvae, nurse bees, and foragers. In turn, pollen and nectar from the environment, matured into bee bread and honey in the hive, transformed by digestion to royal jelly by the worker community, fuel queen egg-laying. The queen relies on this food supply chain to produce large numbers of eggs during the high season when pollen and nectar are in abundance. Despite the importance of egg-laying for the productivity of a colony, few studies have evaluated the influence of nutrition on the quantity and quality of eggs. This review aims to describe food processing from the queen’s mouth to egg provisioning, by exploring the nutritional cues that trigger queen egg-laying, the subsequent pathways involved, and the factors that influence them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to determine the combined effect of fiber degrading enzymes (β-Mannanase) and soybean hulls (SH) on the egg quality parameters in the laying hens during the early (29 to 32 weeks) peak production period. Two hundred golden brown (RIR × Fayoumi) layer birds, 28 weeks old, were used for the experimental purpose and were assigned into five groups CON, T1, T2, T3, and T4. Each group contained 4 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. The CON group had a corn-soybean basal diet while the T1 group had 3%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, T2 3%SH+30mg/kg enzyme, T3 9%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, and T4 group 9%SH+30mg/kg enzyme in the feed. Results indicated overall significantly lower egg shell thickness in the control group while all other overall internal and external egg quality parameters were not affected (P>0.05). It is concluded that the replacement of soybean meal in the diet of laying hens by 3 and 9%SH in combination with enzyme (β-Mannanase) at the level of 20 and 30mg/kg feed has a positive effect on the egg quality parameters during early peak egg production period in the laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly all dinosaur egg or oospecies occurrences from the Upper Cretaceous of France have been attributed to titanosaur dinosaurs. Here, we describe the first occurrence of probable hadrosauroid eggshells from France, which we assign to a new oospecies, Paraspheroolithus porcarboris oosp. nov. (oofamily: Spheroolithidae), from the upper ‘Argiles et Grès à Reptiles’ Formation (upper Maastrichtian) of Aix-en-Provence. Paraspheroolithus porcarboris differs from all other spheroolithid oospecies in the following combination of characteristics: prolatospherulitic morphotype, prolatocanaliculate pore system, prominent anastomosing ornamentation, medium eggshell thickness, less defined horizontal accretion lines and high pore density. The spheroolithid affinity places the new ootaxon outside oofamilies ascribed to titanosaurs (i.e. Megaloolithidae and Fusioolithidae), and thus its discovery expands the parataxonomic diversity of this region and formation. We suggest the taxonomic affinity of Spheroolithidae is somewhat broader than Hadrosauroidea, potentially encompassing all Ornithopoda. However, a hadrosauroid affinity remains the most plausible for Paraspheroolithus porcarboris based on the absence of other ornithopod remains from late Maastrichtian deposits of the Ibero-Armorican Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Egg consumption may be associated with the risk of depression. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess this possible relationship in the context of the Birjand longitudinal aging study (BLAS). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study PHQ-9 was used to assess depression in a total of 1364 adults above 60 years of age, participating in the first stage of BLAS between September 2018 to April 2019. Socio-demographic information, anthropometric indices, and number of whole eggs consumed per week were assessed. Depression was assessed across the egg consumption groups: low (≤1 eggs/week), moderate (≥2 to ≤3 eggs/week), and high (≥4 eggs/week), and the association was investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Mean egg intake in the studied population was 2.4 eggs/week. In the crude model and after adjustment for age and sex, moderate and high egg consumption were both associated with lower risk of depression in older adults (P≤0.05). Adjustment for more confounding variables revealed that only moderate egg consumption protected against depression, while high egg consumers were still at risk of depression. CONCLUSION: Both moderate and high egg intake had reverse association with depression, and reduced the odds of depression among the elderly to approximately 30–40%. Future longitudinal studies could better confirm this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variation in egg quality parameters of traditional/native hen breeds with good freshness and antibacterial properties of egg albumen may determine the attractiveness of these eggs for modern consumers looking for high quality products. The objective of this study was to evaluate external and internal physical quality parameters and enzymatic activity of lysozyme of eggs from three traditional hens bred in Poland and to compare these egg quality parameters to those obtained from commercial hybrids kept under the same management conditions in extensive farming production system. The study was carried out on eggs collected from 4 genetic groups of hens, i.e. Polish Liliputy Bantams (PLB), native Polish Crested Chickens (PCr, CP-22 strain), Gold Laced Polish Chickens (GLP) and from Hy–Line Brown hybrids (HLB). In total 135 PLB, 75 PCr, 75 GLP and 75 HLB hens were kept on litter (3 pens) and fed commercial feed. The eggs (n = 33/genotype/age) were collected at the 33 and 55 weeks of age. The study concluded that with the age of the hens, there was an increase (P<0.05) in the weight of the egg and the proportion of its main fractions, as well as a decrease (P<0.05) in the quality parameters of the albumen and the eggshell. However the eggs from traditional breeds retain good parameters of albumen quality even at the end of production period. The eggs of traditional hens were characterized by higher (P<0.05) yolk proportion and its color and albumen lysozyme parameters, and a lower (P<0.05) eggshell and albumen height and Haugh unit score in relation to commercial hybrids. The highest (P<0.05) content of lysozyme and enzymatic activity of lysozyme were found in eggs from Gold Laced Polish Chickens. Thus, eggs obtained from traditional hens may meet requirements of modern consumers because of specific physical characteristics, good albumen lysozyme activity and freshness parameters. Particularly noteworthy are Polish Liliputy Bantams eggs, characterized by the low weight and a high proportion of more intensely colored yolk and good Haugh unit score at the end of production period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of STP1, a combination of ibudilast and bumetanide, tailored for the treatment of a clinically and biologically defined subgroup of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), namely ASD Phenotype 1 (ASD-Phen1). We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 1b study with two 14-day treatment phases (registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04644003). Nine ASD-Phen1 patients were administered STP1, while three received a placebo. We assessed safety and tolerability, along with electrophysiological markers, such as EEG, Auditory Habituation, and Auditory Chirp Synchronization, to better understand STP1's mechanism of action. Additionally, we used several clinical scales to measure treatment outcomes. The results showed that STP1 was well-tolerated, with electrophysiological markers indicating a significant and dose-related reduction of gamma power in the whole brain and in brain areas associated with executive function and memory. Treatment with STP1 also increased alpha 2 power in frontal and occipital regions and improved habituation and neural synchronization to auditory chirps. Although numerical improvements were observed in several clinical scales, they did not reach statistical significance. Overall, this study suggests that STP1 is well-tolerated in ASD-Phen1 patients and shows indirect target engagement in ASD brain regions of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of yacon root extracts (YREs) on productive performance and health of laying hens. Methods Six hundred 30-week-old Xiaoshan Chicken layers were divided into 5 groups, control group, antibiotic positive control group, and 3 YREs treatment groups. In a 9-wk feeding experiment, at the end of wk 3, 6, and 9, twenty eggs were collected from each replicate to measure egg qualities. At the end of wk 9, three hen serum samples, and 5 hen cecal content samples were collected from each replicate. Results Compared to the control group, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 2.4% YREs treatments could increase hens’ daily feed intake, and YREs supplementation affected daily feed intake in linear manner. YREs did not change egg size, but 0.8% and 2.4% YREs changed egg shape by decreasing the egg shape index and sphericity, and 0.8% YREs tended to improve the eggshell breaking strength. Diet supplemented with 1.6% YREs might decrease yolk color grade but optimize the pH of thick egg white in fresh egg; moreover, 1.6% and 2.4% YREs might be helpful for eggs to inhibit water loss during storage, and YREs supplementation affected water loss rate in linear manner. 2.4% YREs could decrease the serum lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) level, and YREs supplemental levels linearly affected serum LDH content. Finally, YREs could enrich the diversity of intestinal microbiota of hens fed with 0.8% and be beneficial for the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidota and Halobacterota; 2.4% YREs might increase the abundance of phylum Actinobacteriota and genus Bifidobacterium, while decrease genus Bacteroides; YREs supplemental levels affected the abundance of phylum Actinobacteriota, and genera Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in linear manner. Conclusion Dietary supplementation with YREs could affect egg quality, protect the health of organs and exhibit prebiotic activity.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of yacon root extracts (YREs) on productive performance and health of laying hens. Methods: Six hundred 30-week-old Xiaoshan Chicken layers were divided into 5 groups, control group, antibiotic positive control group, and 3 YREs treatment groups. In a 9-wk feeding experiment, at the end of wk 3, 6, and 9, twenty eggs were collected from each replicate to measure egg qualities. At the end of wk 9, three hen serum samples, and 5 hen cecal content samples were collected from each replicate. Results: Compared to the control group, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 2.4% YREs treatments could increase hens’ daily feed intake, and YREs supplementation affected daily feed intake in linear manner. YREs did not change egg size, but 0.8% and 2.4% YREs changed egg shape by decreasing the egg shape index and sphericity, and 0.8% YREs tended to improve the eggshell breaking strength. Diet supplemented with 1.6% YREs might decrease yolk color grade but optimize the pH of thick egg white in fresh egg; moreover, 1.6% and 2.4% YREs might be helpful for eggs to inhibit water loss during storage, and YREs supplementation affected water loss rate in linear manner. 2.4% YREs could decrease the serum lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) level, and YREs supplemental levels linearly affected serum LDH content. Finally, YREs could enrich the diversity of intestinal microbiota of hens fed with 0.8% and be beneficial for the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidota and Halobacterota; 2.4% YREs might increase the abundance of phylum Actinobacteriota and genus Bifidobacterium, while decrease genus Bacteroides; YREs supplemental levels affected the abundance of phylum Actinobacteriota, and genera Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in linear manner. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with YREs could affect egg quality, protect the health of organs and exhibit prebiotic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona) is a freshwater ornamental fish native to Indonesia, predominantly found in Sumatra and Kalimantan. This research investigated the mass induction of tiger barb propagation through the hormone immersion method using Ovaprim, aiming to optimize its dosage for improved reproductive outcomes. The study systematically evaluated different hormone doses, ranging from 0.0 to 2.0 mL/L, and assessed critical parameters including latency period, total egg production, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and larval survival rate. The results revealed dose-dependent effects, with 1.5 mL/L as the optimal dosage. This concentration resulted in a latency period of 5.50 ± 0.83 h, total egg yield of 448.00 ± 35.18, fertilization rate of 99.04 ± 0.49%, hatching rate of 96.40 ± 1.73%, and larval survival rate of 95.52 ± 1.05%. This study provides valuable insights for the aquaculture industry, offering optimum parameters for the mass propagation induction in tiger barbs using Ovaprim immersion. This study does not only highlight the effectiveness of Ovaprim immersion but also underscores its potential as a powerful tool to improve breeding protocols and address the growing demand for ornamental fish.

This study assessed the husbandry practices, egg production performances, egg quality traits, and constraints and opportunities for chicken production in Baka Dawula district. Six kebeles were selected based on production practices and availability of different chicken breeds. A total of 168 respondent households were interviewed and 108 eggs (36 from each breed) were evaluated based on their internal and external qualities. The majority of respondent households (86.9%) practiced scavenging type of feeding with maize, wheat and sunflower supplementation. All the respondent households provided free water access to their chickens. The majority (66%) of respondents kept their chickens in separate houses. The health care practiced was mainly traditional using plants extracts. The main purpose for chicken keeping was income generation followed by stock replacement. The average ages at first-egg laying for local and exotic (Sasso and Bovans brown) breeds were 7 and 5 months, respectively. The total number of eggs produced per hen per year was 206.79, 192.35 and 55.75 for Sasso, Bovans brown, and local breeds respectively. Most external and internal egg quality traits varied significantly (P

Abstract Background This paper investigates the effects of price volatility spillover in the poultry industry’s input markets, including soybean meal, day-old chicks and corn, and the foreign exchange market as an independent market, on the wholesale egg market in Iran. The experimental investigation is based on dynamic conditional correlation (GARCH-DCC). It is one of the most powerful and accepted methods for studying market volatility, whose representation is based on conditional variance. On the other hand, eggs are one of the main food items in the food basket of Iranian households, playing an important role in ensuring part of the food security of the country. However, the price volatilities of its inputs, which make up more than 70% of egg production costs, cause the instability of its price and the confusion of the producers of this sector. This is although in the relevant literature, there is little research on the issue of volatility spillover effects on agricultural product markets, especially in the country. Results The findings show that any shock in the input market leads to volatility and instability in the market; on the other hand, these volatilities maintain their stability. In addition, there is a spillover of exchange market volatility into corn and soybean meal input markets. Conclusions In that context, this article emphasizes the knowledge of market relationships and their consequences, thereby suggesting appropriate policies to control and support the domestic poultry industry.

Abstract The study of the functional genome in mice and humans has been instrumental for describing the conserved molecular mechanisms regulating human reproductive biology, and for defining the etiologies of monogenic fertility disorders. Infertility is a reproductive disorder that includes various conditions affecting a couple’s ability to achieve a healthy pregnancy. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing technologies have facilitated the identification and characterization of genes and mechanisms that, if affected, lead to infertility. We report established genes that regulate conserved functions in fundamental reproductive processes (e.g., sex determination, gametogenesis, and fertilization). We only cover genes the deletion of which yields comparable fertility phenotypes in both rodents and humans. In the case of newly-discovered genes, we report the studies demonstrating shared cellular and fertility phenotypes resulting from loss-of-function mutations in both species. Finally, we introduce new model systems for the study of human reproductive biology and highlight the importance of studying human consanguineous populations to discover novel monogenic causes of infertility. The rapid and continuous screening and identification of putative genetic defects coupled with an efficient functional characterization in animal models can reveal novel mechanisms of gene function in human reproductive tissues.

Among vertebrate species, fishes are considered to be the most developmentally diverse taxa exhibiting remarkable gonadal plasticity with capacity of sex reversal. Sex determination in teleost fishes is governed via a complex regulatory network involving multiple genetic, environmental (temperature, population density, pH), social interaction/stress factors. Piscine germ-line originates as Primordial germ cells (PGC) from cleavage blastomeres/endoderm and gets specified by maternal inheritance of Vasa, Nanos, Tdrds, Dnd, Dazl etc and subsequently migrates to reach the embryonic gonadal primordium. Post-hatching, mitotically active germ cells (Gc) continue to proliferate via two distinct pathways-firstly, stem cell-like mode followed by meiosis-committed cystic division. In Japanese rice fish medaka, Oryzias latipes sex gets determined on the chromosomal basis, where XY becomes a male because of testicular Dmy transcription and XX develops as female owing to Gc restricted Foxl3 expression. Sex specific germ-line stem cell systems also have been found in adult O. latipes. Intriguingly in teleost fishes, the developmental fate of transplanted Gc do not depend on the sex of the donor rather solely relies upon the sex of the recipient. Furthermore, sexually mature piscine gonads remain developmentally plastic showing extensive responsiveness towards sex steroids. The critical regulation of gonadal differentiation is directed by female specific 17β-estradiol (E2) and bio-active male androgen 11-keto-testosretone (11-kT). Various transcription factors (TFs) e.g.- Dmrt1, DAX1, Ad4BP/SF-1, Foxl2 regulate the bio-conversion rate of testosterone (T) to either E2 or 11-kT. Similarly, multiple endocrine factors (EFs) e.g.- LH, FSH, E2, 11-kT and growth factors (GFs) e.g- AMH, GSDF, IGF-1/3, GDF-9/BMP-15 critically induce Gc differentiation to regulate the gametogenic output. In this article we have precisely discussed the endocrine regulation of Gc development during gonadal maturation of teleosts.

BACKGROUND: Numerous feed additives, such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and enzymes, have the potential to optimize weight gain, feed efficiency and maintain the acid-base balance which eventually contributes to improve production performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the possible advantages of lemon juice (LJ) on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical properties, and layers' ability to recover from heat stress. METHODOLOGY: Ninety-six Hy-Line Brown layers all 29 weeks were randomly assigned to four treatments, each with six replications, and were given a six-hour daily drinking experiment. The birds were provided with 0% (control), 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% LJ respectively for 6 weeks. The temperature, humidity, hen day egg production (HDEP) and egg weight (EW) were recorded. Egg quality indices were measured bi-weekly. An analysis of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), packed cell volume (PCV), heterophil (H), lymphocyte (L) count, and heterophil-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio was performed on the blood sample collected at the end of the experiment. KEY FINDINGS: The studied parameters among the various treated groups showed that the egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg quality parameters, HDL, TG, AST, heterophil count, lymphocyte count and H/L ratio did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). HDEP, egg mass output (EMO) and FI differed significantly (P < 0.01) compared to the control group. The significant reduction in TC, LDL, glucose, ALT, increase in feed intake, HDEP and PCV showed that LJ had a positive effect in reducing the adverse effects of heat stress in laying pullets. CONCLUSION: Taken together, it may be concluded that LJ can be used to improve the laying performance and reduce the heat stress in layers. [Fundam Appl Agric 2024; 9(2.000): 104-112]

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ransum yang mengandung azolla (Azolla microphylla) terhadap indeks kuning telur, indeks putih telur dan haugh unit telur ayam. Azolla merupakan tanaman paku air yang pertumbuhan cepat dan dapat dijadikan bahan pakan alternatif untuk ayam petelur. Penelitian menggunakan 48 ekor ayam petelur strain ISA Brown berumur 54 minggu di Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan (P0= ransum tanpa azolla; P1= ransum dengan 5% azolla; P2= ransum dengan 10% azolla; dan P3= ransum dengan 15% azolla) dan 6 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ransum yang mengandung azolla berpengaruh tidak nyata (P0,05) terhadap indeks putih telur, indeks kuning telur dan haugh unit telur. Penggunaan azolla sampai taraf 15% menghasilkan nilai yang sama terhadap indeks kuning telur, indeks putih telur dan haugh unit telur ayam. (Growth and production of Indigofera zollingeriana in post-sand mining land with addition Fertilizer and mycorrhizae) ABSTRACT. This study aimed to determine the effect of a ration containing azolla (Azolla microphylla) on the yolk index, albumen index, and haugh unit of layers. Azolla is a water fern that grows fast and can be used as an alternative feed ingredient for laying hens. The study used 48 laying hens of the ISA Brown strain aged 54 weeks at the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. This research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications for each treatment, P0 (ration without azolla), P1 (ration with 5% azolla), P2 (ration with 10% azolla), and P3 (ration with 15% azolla). The results showed that the ratio containing Azolla had no significant effect (P0.05) on the yolk index, albumen index, and haugh unit of layers. The use of Azolla up to 15% level produces the same value on the yolk index, albumen index, and haugh unit of layers.

Abstract Background Epigenetic marks are reprogrammed during sexual reproduction. In flowering plants, DNA methylation is only partially remodeled in the gametes and the zygote. However, the timing and functional significance of the remodeling during plant gametogenesis remain obscure. Results Here we show that DNA methylation remodeling starts after male meiosis in rice, with non-CG methylation, particularly at CHG sites, being first enhanced in the microspore and subsequently decreased in sperm. Functional analysis of rice CHG methyltransferase genes CMT3a and CMT3b indicates that CMT3a functions as the major CHG methyltransferase in rice meiocyte, while CMT3b is responsible for the increase of CHG methylation in microspore. The function of the two histone demethylases JMJ706 and JMJ707 that remove H3K9me2 may contribute to the decreased CHG methylation in sperm. During male gametogenesis CMT3a mainly silences TE and TE-related genes while CMT3b is required for repression of genes encoding factors involved in transcriptional and translational activities. In addition, CMT3b functions to repress zygotic gene expression in egg and participates in establishing the zygotic epigenome upon fertilization. Conclusion Collectively, the results indicate that DNA methylation is dynamically remodeled during male gametogenesis, distinguish the function of CMT3a and CMT3b in sex cells, and underpin the functional significance of DNA methylation remodeling during rice reproduction.

*1. In many countries, eggs are not refrigerated and must be stored at room temperature. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of dietary oregano oil (275 mg $/$ / kg; ORE) versus an unsupplemented control diet (CON) on laying hens on the shelf life and fatty acid profile of eggs. 2. Treatments were randomly distributed into 10 pens containing 27 birds each. A total of 200 eggs were collected from both groups on the same day and were stored for either 0, 10, 21 and 35 d. At each storage time, egg yolks were analysed for fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation. 3. The main indicator of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), was significantly lower in ORE eggs compared to CON eggs (p = 0.001). Storage time had a significant impact on MDA concentrations (p = 0.023), with the highest found after 35 d. Significant differences were found for individual fatty acids, saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid were significantly lower in ORE eggs compared to CON eggs (p < 0.05). Palmitoleic acid (p = 0.002), linolenic acid (p = 0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, p = 0.001) were significantly higher in ORE eggs. 4. Storage only affected oleic, linolenic, linoleic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (p < 0.05). Total SFA, MUFA, n-6 and ratio of n-3 to n-6 (n-3:n-6) PUFA were significantly higher in CON eggs (p < 0.05). The ratio of SFA to PUFA (SFA:PUFA, p = 0.005) and total n-3 PUFA (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in ORE eggs. 5. The n-3:n-6 ratio was significantly impacted by treatment (p = 0.021) and storage (p = 0.031) with no significant interaction. This ratio is important for human health indication and could lead to the development of designer eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liquid whey is a milk by-product and contains good quality protein and minerals. Due to lack of proper knowledge and sufficient technology it remains unutilized and thrown away as a waste. So, keeping in view of its profitable utilization, a study was planned to include liquid whey as feed supplement to layer poultry. Methods: A study was conducted by supplementation of liquid whey to layer chickens to study the effect on egg production and egg quality. A total of 120 layer birds (indicate the age) were supplemented with liquid whey ad libitum in the drinking water @ 0, 5, 10 and 15% up to 90 days. The data were collected with respect to egg production and egg quality parameters. Result: Supplementation of liquid whey in drinking water improved egg production and egg quality in laying chickens. It may be concluded that liquid whey can be supplemented with drinking water at the rate of 5% (v/v) for better egg production in layers and for production of premium quality of bigger size and weight of eggs, supplementation of whey up to 15% (v/v) can be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona) is a freshwater ornamental fish native to Indonesia, predominantly found in Sumatra and Kalimantan. This research investigated the mass induction of tiger barb propagation through the hormone immersion method using Ovaprim, aiming to optimize its dosage for improved reproductive outcomes. The study systematically evaluated different hormone doses, ranging from 0.0 to 2.0 mL/L, and assessed critical parameters including latency period, total egg production, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and larval survival rate. The results revealed dose-dependent effects, with 1.5 mL/L as the optimal dosage. This concentration resulted in a latency period of 5.50 ± 0.83 h, total egg yield of 448.00 ± 35.18, fertilization rate of 99.04 ± 0.49%, hatching rate of 96.40 ± 1.73%, and larval survival rate of 95.52 ± 1.05%. This study provides valuable insights for the aquaculture industry, offering optimum parameters for the mass propagation induction in tiger barbs using Ovaprim immersion. This study does not only highlight the effectiveness of Ovaprim immersion but also underscores its potential as a powerful tool to improve breeding protocols and address the growing demand for ornamental fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Functional gastric disorders entail chronic or recurrent symptoms, high prevalence and a significant financial burden. These disorders do not always involve structural abnormalities and since they cannot be diagnosed by routine procedures, electrogastrography (EGG) has been proposed as a diagnostic alternative. However, the method still has not been transferred to clinical practice due to the difficulty of identifying gastric activity because of the low-frequency interference caused by skin–electrode contact potential in obtaining spatiotemporal information by simple procedures. This work attempted to robustly identify the gastric slow wave (SW) main components by applying multivariate variational mode decomposition (MVMD) to the multichannel EGG. Another aim was to obtain the 2D SW vectorgastrogram VGGSW from 4 electrodes perpendicularly arranged in a T-shape and analyse its dynamic trajectory and recurrence quantification (RQA) to assess slow wave vector movement in healthy subjects. The results revealed that MVMD can reliably identify the gastric SW, with detection rates over 91% in fasting postprandial subjects and a frequency instability of less than 5.3%, statistically increasing its amplitude and frequency after ingestion. The VGGSW dynamic trajectory showed a statistically higher predominance of vertical displacement after ingestion. RQA metrics (recurrence ratio, average length, entropy, and trapping time) showed a postprandial statistical increase, suggesting that gastric SW became more intense and coordinated with a less complex VGGSW and higher periodicity. The results support the VGGSW as a simple technique that can provide relevant information on the "global" spatial pattern of gastric slow wave propagation that could help diagnose gastric pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major drivers in the rapid growth of food demand include growing world population, rising incomes and eating trends towards higher meat intake. Chicken meat and eggs are viable and high-quality protein sources, an increased demand of which has led to a rapid growth of industrial poultry production. The consumption of contaminated meat, eggs and allied products is one of the major cause of food borne illnesses so food safety has become a matter of ever increasing global concern. Since decades, antibiotics have extensively been used in animals for prophylaxis and treatment of various infections and subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics have commonly been used in animal feeds as growth promoters. The rational use of antibiotic growth promoters has potential impact on poultry production with their consistent performance in optimising gut health and prevention of enteric diseases. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has led to a ban on use of antibiotic growth promoters in some parts of the world. The role of gut microbiota in sustainable poultry production and alternatives strategies to optimise gut health has been discussed. To implement a successful antimicrobial stewardship strategy in intensive poultry production, a multidimensional approach is needed to facilitate the successful replacement of antibiotic growth promoters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the functional genome in mice and humans has been instrumental for describing the conserved molecular mechanisms regulating human reproductive biology, and for defining the etiologies of monogenic fertility disorders. Infertility is a reproductive disorder that includes various conditions affecting a couple's ability to achieve a healthy pregnancy. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing technologies have facilitated the identification and characterization of genes and mechanisms that, if affected, lead to infertility. We report established genes that regulate conserved functions in fundamental reproductive processes (e.g., sex determination, gametogenesis, and fertilization). We only cover genes the deletion of which yields comparable fertility phenotypes in both rodents and humans. In the case of newly-discovered genes, we report the studies demonstrating shared cellular and fertility phenotypes resulting from loss-of-function mutations in both species. Finally, we introduce new model systems for the study of human reproductive biology and highlight the importance of studying human consanguineous populations to discover novel monogenic causes of infertility. The rapid and continuous screening and identification of putative genetic defects coupled with an efficient functional characterization in animal models can reveal novel mechanisms of gene function in human reproductive tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eggs and embryo manipulation is an important biotechnological challenge to enable positioning, entrapment, and selection of reproductive cells to advance into a new era of nature‐like assisted reproductive technologies. Oviductin (OVGP1) is an abundant protein in the oviduct that binds reversibly to the zona pellucida, an extracellular matrix that surrounds eggs and embryos. Here, the study reports a new method coupling OVGP1 to magnetic nanoparticles (NP) forming a complex (NPOv). NPOv specifically surrounds eggs and embryos in a reversible manner. Eggs/embryos bound to NPOv can be moved or retained when subjected to a magnetic force, and interestingly only mature‐competent eggs are attracted. This procedure is compatible with normal development following gametes function, in vitro fertilization, embryo development and resulting in the birth of healthy offspring. The results provide in vitro proof‐of‐concept that eggs and embryos can be precisely guided in the absence of physical contact by the use of magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although early embryonic protein production relies exclusively on maternal molecules such as messenger RNAs (mRNAs) incorporated into ovarian follicles, knowledge about any thermally induced, intergenerational effects is scarce in ectotherms. Here, we investigated how elevated temperatures (9°–12°C vs. 6°C) during oogenesis influenced the next generation by targeting maternal mRNAs in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryos, in view of up- and down-regulated genes in ovarian follicles of pre-spawning adults. Overall, the spawning female liver showed significantly higher levels of free amino acids and N-metabolites at 9°C than at 6°C. Higher-than-optimal temperatures induced adjustments in embryo transcriptome proportional to the temperature increase relative to the control group. The adjustments included alterations in maternal-effect genes, which are developmentally conserved among vertebrates. The transcriptomic differences for a selection of genes in embryos were reflected in ovarian follicles (containing multiple cell types) several months ahead of the spawning season, implying that environmental conditions of the adults are key for adjusting the genetic instructions for offspring development. This programming of fundamental traits from mother to offspring appears part of a sophisticated process to adapt the offspring to a changing ocean, though within life stage-specific, physiological thermal tolerance windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims Eggs are a natural whole food providing an important array of nutrients that can be challenging to find in other everyday foods. Although evidence shows the benefits of egg consumption for mother and child, consumption rates remain low. The aim of this article was to review latest literature and guidance on egg consumption and examine barriers to consumption during the critical first 1001 days of life. Methods This narrative review included an electronic search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Clinical Trials. Gov. Human studies published in English between 2019 and 2024 were screened for eligibility. Results Overall, 14 key studies were included that were specific to egg intake/consumption during pregnancy, breastfeeding and/or infancy/early childhood. Six sets of relevant dietary guidelines were identified and reviewed. Conclusions Current egg consumption is low, despite previous concerns about food safety and allergy having been overturned in official advice. Including eggs in the diet is an easy and cost-effective way to improve diversity and digestibility of nutrients when dietary requirements are higher. Their consumption has the potential to bridge nutrient gaps, help prevent allergy, augment breast milk composition and contribute to child development and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The daily intake of excessive cholesterol plays an important role in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), while the main contributors are foods of animal origin. However, animal-based foods are also common components of many cereal products, which can then play a role of hidden cholesterol source. Thus, this study aims to decrease cholesterol content in three types of commonly consumed cereal products (biscuits, pasta, and muffins) by replacing original animal-based components (milk and eggs) with the same components, from which the cholesterol was removed using β-cyclodextrin treatment procedure. The cholesterol content in the original and treated samples was then analyzed using the validated HPLC–UV method. So, while the cholesterol content in the original biscuits, pasta, and muffins was observed at 329.2, 1117.1, and 487.2 mg/kg levels, the same products containing low cholesterol animal-based components exhibited a considerable decrease in cholesterol content by 93.1, 91.6, and 89.5%, respectively. The optimum β-cyclodextrin level was observed at 4.0, 10.0, and 2.0% (w/w) for butter, egg melange, and milk, respectively. Furthermore, it is notable that the β-cyclodextrin treatment procedure itself did not significantly change the organoleptic profiles of the cereal products, such as colour, culinary, and texture properties. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of animal-based low cholesterol components in cereal food products could be one of the effective tools in the overall strategy to decrease the total daily cholesterol intake. Thus, this study presents a novel strategy that could have substantial health benefits in relation to the incidence of CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among vertebrate species, fishes are considered to be the most developmentally diverse taxa exhibiting remarkable gonadal plasticity with capacity of sex reversal. Sex determination in teleost fishes is governed via a complex regulatory network involving multiple genetic, environmental (temperature, population density, pH), social interaction/stress factors. Piscine germ-line originates as Primordial germ cells (PGC) from cleavage blastomeres/endoderm and gets specified by maternal inheritance of Vasa, Nanos, Tdrds, Dnd, Dazl etc and subsequently migrates to reach the embryonic gonadal primordium. Post-hatching, mitotically active germ cells (Gc) continue to proliferate via two distinct pathways-firstly, stem cell-like mode followed by meiosis-committed cystic division. In Japanese rice fish medaka, Oryzias latipes sex gets determined on the chromosomal basis, where XY becomes a male because of testicular Dmy transcription and XX develops as female owing to Gc restricted Foxl3 expression. Sex specific germ-line stem cell systems also have been found in adult O. latipes. Intriguingly in teleost fishes, the developmental fate of transplanted Gc do not depend on the sex of the donor rather solely relies upon the sex of the recipient. Furthermore, sexually mature piscine gonads remain developmentally plastic showing extensive responsiveness towards sex steroids. The critical regulation of gonadal differentiation is directed by female specific 17ß-estradiol (E2) and bio-active male androgen 11-keto-testosretone (11-kT). Various transcription factors (TFs) e.g.-Dmrt1, DAX1, Ad4BP/SF-1, Foxl2 regulate the bioconversion rate of testosterone (T) to either E2 or 11-kT. Similarly, multiple endocrine factors (EFs) e.g.-LH, FSH, E2, 11-kT and growth factors (GFs) e.g-AMH, GSDF, IGF-1/3, GDF-9/BMP-15 critically induce Gc differentiation to regulate the gametogenic output. In this article we have precisely discussed the endocrine regulation of Gc development during gonadal maturation of teleosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), the relationship between dietary cholesterol and CKD remains unknown. We investigated the association between cholesterol intake and CKD risk. The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2019–2021 (n = 13,769) and the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) (n = 9225) data were used for this study. Cholesterol intake was assessed using a 24-h recall food frequency questionnaire, and participants were categorized into three groups (T1, T2, and T3) based on cholesterol intake. Primary outcomes were prevalence and incidence of CKD. Higher cholesterol intake was modestly associated with increased serum levels of total, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the KNHANES. However, we found no significant association between cholesterol intake and CKD prevalence in the KNHANES, regardless of a history of hypercholesterolemia. In the KoGES, during a median follow-up of 11.4 years, cholesterol intake was not associated with incident CKD in participants without hypercholesterolemia (hazard ratio [HR] per 10 mg increase, 1.00; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.99–1.01) and in those with hypercholesterolemia (HR, 1.01; 95 % CI, 0.98–1.04). Egg consumption also showed no significant association with the risk of incident CKD. Additionally, cholesterol intake had no significant interaction on the relationships between serum cholesterol levels and incident CKD. Although cholesterol intake was associated with increased serum cholesterol levels, it was not associated with CKD prevalence and incidence. Our findings suggest that reducing cholesterol intake alone may not be sufficient to prevent CKD. • Dyslipidemia is a well-known risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). • Cholesterol intake was not associated with CKD prevalence and incidence. • The daily intake of eggs was not associated with incident CKD. • Simply lowering cholesterol intake may not be enough to prevent CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egg-koji, fermented eggs by koji-mold (Aspergillus oryzae, A. sojae, and A. luchuensis), contains various enzymes that are expected to change the flavor and components of eggs. Digestion of whole egg liquid with egg-koji resulted in an increase in amino acid content, aroma component and free fatty acid formation, and a decrease in triacylglycerol level. Egg-koji AO101 (A. oryzae) increased the umami taste while maintaining its "egg flavor." Egg-koji AS309 (A. sojae) showed reduced saltiness, which was considered to be because of the large amount of amino acids and aromatic ingredients masking the saltiness. Egg-koji AL434 (A. luchuensis) had a strong bitter taste, which was likely owing to the large amount of fatty acids. The characteristics of these strains are expected to lead to the development of various food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating algae into poultry diets offers a promising avenue for enhancing nutrition, boosting sustainability efforts, and potentially stimulating disease resistance. This comprehensive review delves into the essence, diversity, chemical composition, and nutritional merits of algae, spotlighting their emergence as innovative nutrient sources and health supplements for poultry. The growing interest in algae within poultry nutrition stems from their diverse nutritional profile, boasting a rich array of proteins, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, thus positioning them as valuable feed constituents. A key highlight of incorporating both macroalgae and microalgae lies in their elevated protein content, with microalgae varieties like Spirulina and Chlorella exhibiting protein levels of up to 50-70%, outperforming traditional sources like soybean meal. This premium protein source not only furnishes vital amino acids crucial for muscular development and overall health in poultry but also serves as an exceptional reservoir of omega-3 fatty acids, notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), presenting multiple health benefits for both poultry and consumers alike. Moreover, algae boast antioxidant properties attributed to bioactive compounds like phycocyanin and astaxanthin, mitigating oxidative stress and boosting the bird's immune response, thereby fostering robust health and disease resilience. Incorporating macroalgae and microalgae into poultry diets yields positive impacts on performance metrics. Research evidence underscores the enhancement of growth rates, feed conversion ratios, carcass quality, and meat attributes in broilers, while in layers, supplementation promotes increased egg production, superior egg quality, and increased concentrations of beneficial nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, algae hold promise for mitigating the environmental footprint of poultry production, though significant outcomes from trials remain sporadic, necessitating further research to elucidate optimal dosages and blends for different algae species in poultry diets. Standardizing the composition of algae utilized in research is imperative, paving the way for potential applications in poultry nutrition as growth stimulants and substitutes for antibiotics. Nonetheless, a deeper understanding of dosage, combination, and mechanism of action through rigorous scientific investigation is key to unlocking algae's full potential within poultry nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chicken egg, an excellent natural source of proteins, has been an overlooked native biomaterial with remarkable physicochemical, structural, and biological properties. Recently, with significant advances in biomedical engineering, particularly in the development of 3D in vitro platforms, chicken egg materials have increasingly been investigated as biomaterials due to their distinct advantages such as their low cost, availability, easy handling, gelling ability, bioactivity, and provision of a developmentally stimulating environment for cells. In addition, the chicken egg and its by-products can improve tissue engraftment and stimulate angiogenesis, making it particularly attractive for wound healing and tissue engineering applications. Evidence suggests that the egg white (EW), egg yolk (EY), and eggshell membrane (ESM) are great biomaterial candidates for tissue engineering, as their protein composition resembles mammalian extracellular matrix proteins, ideal for cellular attachment, cellular differentiation, proliferation, and survivability. Moreover, eggshell (ES) is considered an excellent calcium resource for generating hydroxyapatite (HA), making it a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration. This review will provide researchers with a concise yet comprehensive understanding of the chicken egg structure, composition, and associated bioactive molecules in each component and introduce up-to-date tissue engineering applications of chicken eggs as biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wall paintings are integral to cultural heritage and offer rich insights into historical and religious beliefs. There exist various wall painting techniques that pose challenges in binder and pigment identification, especially in the case of egg/oil-based binders. GC-MS identification of lipidic binders relies routinely on parameters like the ratios of fatty acids within the plaster. However, the reliability of these ratios for binder identification is severely limited, as demonstrated in this manuscript. Therefore, a more reliable tool for effective differentiation between egg and oil binders based on a combination of diagnostic values, specific markers (cholesterol oxidation products), and PCA is presented in this study. Reference samples of wall paintings with egg and linseed oil binders with six different pigments were subjected to modern artificial ageing methods and subsequently analysed using two GC-MS instruments. A statistically significant difference (at a 95% confidence level) between the egg and oil binders and between the results from two GC-MS instruments was observed. These discrepancies between the results from the two GC-MS instruments are likely attributed to the heterogeneity of the samples with egg and oil binders. This study highlights the complexities in identifying wall painting binders and the need for innovative and revised analytical methods in conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group of aquatic Coleoptera specimens was collected from Güvenç Village in the Kahramankazan region of Ankara. Among these specimens was Dryops rufipes (Krynicki, 1832) (Coleoptera: Dryopidae), which is recorded from the Middle Anatolian Region of Turkey for the first time. The egg morphology of D. rufipes is described based on light and scanning electron microscope micrographs. Copulation and oviposition are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work evaluated ß-carotene content, colour (L*, a*, b*), and consumer preference for egg yolks from chicken, guinea fowl, and quail, sampled from intensive or semi-intensive rearing systems in Ghana. The ß-carotene content of guinea fowl yolk was almost seven times greater (p < 0.001) than that of chicken and quail yolks. The yellowness of guinea fowl yolk (82.18; p < 0.01) was approximately 1.5 and 1.3 times greater than that of chicken and quail yolks, respectively. A consumer preference test showed a significantly greater score (5; p < 0.001) for guinea fowl than for the other egg types. The yellowness of egg yolks had strong positive relationship with ß-carotene content (r = 0.943; p = 0.216) and consumer preference (r = 0.995; p = 0.064). Therefore, enhancing the yellowness of egg yolks on the Ghanaian market, especially those from chicken, could lead to increased egg consumption in Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]