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1. Contributors

Author

Abzug, Mark J., primary, Acharya, Priyamvada, additional, Acosta, Anna M., additional, Ahmed, S. Sohail, additional, Amanna, Ian J., additional, Anderson, Annaliesa S., additional, Asturias, Edwin J., additional, Bachmann, Martin F., additional, Bahl, Sunil, additional, Bailey, Justin R., additional, Baker, Carol J., additional, Balfour, Henry H., additional, Baric, Ralph S., additional, Barnett, Elizabeth D., additional, Barrett, Alan D.T., additional, Belser, Jessica A., additional, Berzofsky, Jay A., additional, Bethony, Jeffrey M., additional, Brewer-Jensen, Paul D., additional, Bubak, Andrew N., additional, Burns, Cara C., additional, Caplan, Arthur L., additional, Cavaleri, Marco, additional, Chandran, Aruna, additional, Cherian, Thomas, additional, Clemens, John D., additional, Cochino, Emil, additional, Cohet, Catherine, additional, Cohn, Amanda, additional, Cortese, Margaret M., additional, Crowcroft, Natasha S., additional, Curtis, Nigel, additional, Damron, F. Heath, additional, Danchin, Margie, additional, Debbink, Kari, additional, Desai, Sachin N., additional, Davis, Emily H., additional, Decker, Michael D., additional, Denison, Mark R., additional, DeStefano, Frank, additional, Douglas, R. Gordon, additional, Dreher-Lesnick, Sheila M., additional, Eberhardt, Christiane S., additional, Edmunds, W. John, additional, Edwards, Caitlin E., additional, Edwards, Kathryn M., additional, Eggers, Rudolf, additional, Ellis, Ronald, additional, Erdman, Dean D., additional, Ertl, Hildegund C.J., additional, Estivariz, Concepcion F., additional, Fine, Paul E.M., additional, Finn, Theresa M., additional, Fisher, Allison M., additional, Fitzwater, Sean Patrick, additional, Freedman, Mark S., additional, Friede, Martin, additional, Friedlander, Arthur M., additional, Frumento, Nicole, additional, Fry, Alicia M., additional, Garçon, Nathalie, additional, Geris, Jennifer M., additional, Gershon, Anne A., additional, Gervier, Regis, additional, Gessner, Bradford D., additional, Gilbert, Peter B., additional, Gomez, Phillip Louis, additional, Ginsberg, Ann M., additional, Grabenstein, John D., additional, Graham, Rachel L., additional, Graham, Barney S., additional, Granoff, Dan M., additional, Gray, Gregory C., additional, Greenberg, David P., additional, Grohskopf, Lisa A., additional, Gruber, Marion F., additional, Guerena, Fernando B., additional, Havelange, Nicolas, additional, Halstead, Scott B., additional, Hanekom, Willem A., additional, Harrison, Lee H., additional, Hawn, Thomas R., additional, Haynes, Barton F., additional, Healy, C. Mary, additional, Hills, Susan L., additional, Hirabayashi, Kuniko, additional, Holmgren, Jan, additional, Hombach, Joachim M., additional, Hotez, Peter Jay, additional, Howe, Barbara J., additional, Hunegnaw, Ruth, additional, Izopet, Jacques, additional, Jamieson, Denise J., additional, Jansen, Kathrin, additional, Jarrahian, Courtney, additional, Johansen, Kari, additional, Kahn, Geoffrey D., additional, Karron, Ruth A., additional, Katz, Jacqueline M., additional, Kennedy, Richard B., additional, Broojerdi, Alireza Khadem, additional, Khetsuriani, Nino, additional, Khudyakov, Yury, additional, Klugman, Keith P., additional, Kocher, Jacob F., additional, Kollaritsch, Herwig, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Kozarsky, Phyllis E., additional, Kreimer, Aimée R., additional, Kroger, Andrew T., additional, Kwong, Peter D., additional, Lal, Manjari, additional, Levin, Myron J., additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Lindesmith, Lisa C., additional, Lindstrand, Ann, additional, Ljungman, Per, additional, Lowy, Douglas R., additional, Lundgren, Anna, additional, Lydon, Patrick, additional, Macklin, Grace R., additional, Maeng, Hoyoung M., additional, Mahalingam, Ravi, additional, Malley, Richard, additional, Mallory, Michael L., additional, Marfin, Anthony A., additional, Markowitz, Lauri E., additional, Marshall, CDR Valerie, additional, McCollum, Andrea, additional, Meyer, Sarah, additional, McNamara, Lucy A., additional, Menning, Lisa, additional, Messacar, Kevin, additional, Miller, Mark A., additional, Milutinovic, Pavle, additional, Modlin, John F., additional, Monath, Thomas P., additional, Morabito, Kaitlyn M., additional, Moss, William J., additional, Mulholland, Kim, additional, Mura, Manuela, additional, Musher, Daniel M., additional, Nagel, Maria A., additional, Nair, G. Balakrish, additional, Nelson, Noele P., additional, Netea, Mihai G., additional, Neuzil, Kathleen Maletic, additional, Niemeyer, Christy S., additional, Nohynek, Hanna, additional, Norheim, Gunnstein, additional, Nussbaum, Lauren, additional, O’Brien, Katherine L., additional, O’Leary, Sean, additional, Ockenhouse, Christian, additional, Offit, Paul A., additional, Okwo-Bele, Jean-Marie, additional, Olkhanud, Purevdorj B., additional, Omer, Saad B., additional, Orenstein, Walter A., additional, Oyston, Petra C.F., additional, Parashar, Umesh D., additional, Patel, Manish M., additional, Payne, Daniel C., additional, Pebody, Richard, additional, Pecetta, Simone, additional, Perlman, Stanley, additional, Pierson, Benjamin, additional, Pierson, Theodore C., additional, Pittet, Laure F., additional, Pittman, Phillip R., additional, Plotkin, Stanley A., additional, Plotkin, Susan L., additional, Poland, Gregory A., additional, Pollard, Sir Andrew John, additional, Poovorawan, Yong, additional, Proctor, Richard A., additional, Qadri, Firdausi, additional, Rao, Agam, additional, Rappuoli, Rino, additional, Reef, Susan E., additional, Rogalewicz, Joseph A., additional, Robinson, James Michael, additional, Roesel, Sigrun, additional, Rubin, Steven A., additional, Rupprecht, Charles E., additional, Rutter, Paul, additional, Samant, Vijay B., additional, Sambhara, Suryaprakash, additional, Samies, Nicole L., additional, Santosham, Mathuram, additional, Saunders, Kevin O., additional, Schiller, John T., additional, Schleiss, Mark R., additional, Schuerman, Lode, additional, Schwab, Jennifer, additional, Schwartz, Jason L., additional, Scobie, Heather M., additional, Scott, J. Anthony, additional, Shapiro, Eugene D., additional, Shenoy, Erica S., additional, Shimabukuro, Tom T., additional, Shouval, Daniel, additional, Siegrist, Claire-Anne, additional, Sitrin, Robert D., additional, Skinner, Nicole E., additional, Slifka, Mark K., additional, Sodha, Samir V., additional, Soeters, Heidi M., additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Speiser, Daniel E., additional, Staples, J. Erin, additional, Steffen, Robert, additional, Stephens, David S., additional, Strebel, Peter M., additional, Subbarao, Kanta, additional, Sullivan, Nancy J., additional, Takashima, Yoshihiro, additional, Tate, Jacqueline E., additional, Tayman, Alice, additional, Telford, Sam R., additional, Thombley, Melisa, additional, Thomsen, Isaac, additional, Tohme, Rania A., additional, Trabold, Malin, additional, El-Turabi, Aadil, additional, Vaughn, David W., additional, Verardi, Raffaello, additional, Vicari, Andrea S., additional, Vidor, Emmanuel J., additional, Villafana, Tonya, additional, Vogt, Matthew R., additional, Walker, Mark J., additional, Walsh, Nick M., additional, Wanlapakorn, Nasamon, additional, Ward, John W., additional, Wassilak, Steven G.F., additional, Watts, Lisa A., additional, Weber, David J., additional, Weiner, David B., additional, Weng, Mark K., additional, Wexler, Deborah L., additional, Wharton, Melinda, additional, Whitley, Richard J., additional, Whitney, Cynthia G., additional, Wiehe, Kevin, additional, Williamson, E. Diane, additional, Wormser, Gary P., additional, Xia, Ningshao, additional, Yildirim, Inci, additional, Zehrung, Darin, additional, and Zweigart, Mark R., additional

Published
2023
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2. Experiences and Lessons From Polio Eradication Applied to Immunization in 10 Focus Countries of the Polio Endgame Strategic Plan

Author

van den Ent, Maya M. V. X., Mallya, Apoorva, Sandhu, Hardeep, Anya, Blanche-Philomene, Yusuf, Nasir, Ntakibirora, Marcelline, Hasman, Andreas, Fahmy, Kamal, Agbor, John, Corkum, Melissa, Sumaili, Kyandindi, Siddique, Anisur Rahman, Bammeke, Jane, Braka, Fiona, Andriamihantanirina, Rija, Ziao, Antoine-Marie C., Djumo, Clement, Yapi, Moise Desire, Sosler, Stephen, and Eggers, Rudolf

Published
2017

4. Integrating maternal, newborn, child health and non-communicable disease care in the sustainable development goal era

Author

Akselrod, Svetlana, primary, Banerjee, Anshu, additional, Collins, Téa E., additional, Acharya, Shambhu, additional, Artykova, Nazira, additional, Askew, Ian, additional, Berdzuli, Nino, additional, Diorditsa, Sergey, additional, Eggers, Rudolf, additional, Farrington, Jill, additional, Jakab, Zsuzsanna, additional, Ferreira-Borges, Carina, additional, Mikkelsen, Bente, additional, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, additional, Olsavszky, Victor, additional, Park, Kidong, additional, Sobel, Howard, additional, Tran, Huong, additional, Vujnovic, Melita, additional, Weber, Martin, additional, Were, Wilson, additional, Yaqub, Nuhu, additional, Berlina, Daria, additional, Dunlop, Catherine L., additional, and Allen, Luke N., additional

Published
2023
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7. Contributors

Author

Abrignani, Sergio, primary, Ahmed, S. Sohail, additional, Amanna, Ian J., additional, Anderson, Teresa A., additional, Arlett, Peter R., additional, Atkinson, William L., additional, Averhoff, Francisco M., additional, Aylward, R. Bruce, additional, Bachmann, Martin F., additional, Baker, Carol J., additional, Balfour, Henry H., additional, Ballou, W. Ripley, additional, Baric, Ralph S., additional, Barrett, Alan D.T., additional, Barnett, Elizabeth D., additional, Belgharbi, Lahouari, additional, Berinstein, Elliot M., additional, Berinstein, Neil L., additional, Bethony, Jeffrey M., additional, Bogaerts, Hugues, additional, Bot, Adrian, additional, Brachman, Philip S., additional, Bresee, Joseph S., additional, Broojerdi, Alireza Khadem, additional, Caplan, Arthur L., additional, Cavaleri, Marco, additional, Cherian, Thomas, additional, Choi-Sing, Pele, additional, Clemens, John D., additional, Cochi, Stephen L., additional, Cohn, Amanda, additional, Cortese, Capt. Margaret M., additional, Cox, Nancy J., additional, Cutts, Felicity, additional, Dagan, Ron, additional, Dalton, Harry R., additional, Daum, Robert S., additional, Davey, Andrea Sudell, additional, De Francesco, Raffaele, additional, Debbink, Kari, additional, Decker, Michael D., additional, Desai, Sachin N., additional, DeStefano, Frank, additional, Douglas, R. Gordon, additional, Dubischar, Katrin, additional, Edmunds, W. John, additional, Edwards, Kathryn M., additional, Egan, William, additional, Eggers, Rudolf, additional, Ehmann, Falk, additional, Ellis, Ronald W., additional, El-Turabi, Aadil, additional, Erdman, Dean D., additional, Ertl, Hildegund, additional, Fine, Paul E.M., additional, Finn, Theresa M., additional, Fisher, Allison, additional, Friede, Martin, additional, Friedlander, Arthur M., additional, Fry, Alicia M., additional, Garçon, Nathalie, additional, Gastañaduy, Paul A., additional, Gershman, Mark D., additional, Gershon, Anne A., additional, Gessner, Bradford D., additional, Gilbert, Peter, additional, Ginsberg, Ann M., additional, Girard, Marc P., additional, Gomez, Phillip L., additional, Goodson, James L., additional, Goodwin, Robert R., additional, Gordon, Lance K., additional, Grabenstein, John D., additional, Graham, Barney S., additional, Graham, Rachel L., additional, Granoff, Dan M., additional, Gray, Gregory C., additional, Gruber, Marion F., additional, Halstead, Scott B., additional, Hanekom, Willem, additional, Harrison, Lee H., additional, Hawn, Thomas R., additional, Healy, C. Mary, additional, Henderson, Donald A., additional, Hildesheim, Allan, additional, Hills, Susan L., additional, Holmgren, Jan, additional, Hombach, Joachim, additional, Hotez, Peter J., additional, Houghton, Michael, additional, Houston, Avril Melissa, additional, Howe, Barbara J., additional, Izopet, Jacques, additional, Jamieson, Denise J., additional, Jarrahian, Courtney, additional, Johansen, Kari, additional, Karron, Ruth A., additional, Kennedy, Richard B., additional, Kew, Olen M., additional, Khudyakov, Yury, additional, Klein, Michel, additional, Klugman, Keith P., additional, Kocher, Jacob F., additional, Koff, Wayne C., additional, Kollaritsch, Herwig, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Kozarsky, Phyllis E., additional, Kroger, Andrew T., additional, Kurz, Xavier, additional, Lakdawala, Seema S., additional, Lane, J. Michael, additional, Leigh, Kendra, additional, Levin, Myron J., additional, Levine, Emily Marcus, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Lindesmith, Lisa C., additional, Ljungman, Per, additional, Lowy, Douglas R., additional, Luke, Catherine J., additional, Lundgren, Anna, additional, Lydon, Patrick, additional, Malley, Richard, additional, Marin, Mona, additional, Markowitz, Lauri E., additional, Marshall, Lieut. Valerie B., additional, Miller, Mark A., additional, Monath, Thomas P., additional, Moss, William J., additional, Mulholland, Kim, additional, Musher, Daniel M., additional, Nabel, Gary J., additional, Nagarajan, Thirumeni, additional, Nair, GB, additional, Nanduri, Srinivas Acharya, additional, Neddermann, Petra, additional, Nelson, Noele P., additional, Offit, Paul A., additional, Okwo-Bele, Jean-Marie, additional, Omer, Saad B., additional, Orenstein, Walter A., additional, Oyston, Petra C.F., additional, Papania, Mark J., additional, Parashar, Umesh D., additional, Pfeifer, Dina, additional, Pickering, Larry K., additional, Pittman, Phillip R., additional, Ploquin, Aurélie, additional, Plotkin, Stanley A., additional, Plotkin, Susan L., additional, Poland, Gregory A., additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Qadri, Firdausi, additional, Quirk, Mary R., additional, Rao, Raman D.S.V., additional, Rappuoli, Rino, additional, Reef, Susan E., additional, Ridpath, Alison D., additional, Robinson, James M., additional, Rodewald, Lance E., additional, Rodriguez-Hernandez, Carmen A., additional, Roper, Martha H., additional, Rubin, Steven A., additional, Rupprecht, Charles E., additional, Rutala, William A., additional, Salisbury, David, additional, Samant, Vijay B., additional, Sambhara, Suryaprakash, additional, Santosham, Mathuram, additional, Schiller, John T., additional, Schleiss, Mark R., additional, Schuchat, Anne, additional, Schwartz, Jason L., additional, Scobie, Heather M., additional, Scott, J. Anthony, additional, Seward, Jane F., additional, Shouval, Daniel, additional, Siegrist, Claire-Anne, additional, Slifka, Mark K., additional, Sodha, Samir V., additional, Stanberry, Lawrence R., additional, Staples, J. Erin, additional, Steere, Allen C., additional, Steffen, Robert, additional, Strebel, Peter M., additional, Subbarao, Kanta, additional, Sullivan, Nancy J., additional, Sutcliffe, Catherine G., additional, Sutherland, Andrea R., additional, Sutter, Roland W., additional, Thomas, Stephen J., additional, Tiwari, Tejpratap S.P, additional, Tsai, Theodore F., additional, Van Damme, Pierre, additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Vidor, Emmanuel, additional, Ward, John W., additional, Wassilak, Steven G.F., additional, Weber, David J., additional, Weiner, David B., additional, Wexler, Deborah L., additional, Wharton, Melinda, additional, Whitney, Cynthia G., additional, Williamson, E. Diane, additional, Wood, David J., additional, Xia, Ningshao, additional, Xu, Zhi Yi, additional, Zanetti, Alessandro, additional, and Zehrung, Darin, additional

Published
2018
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8. Immunization in Developing Countries

Author

Cherian, Thomas, primary, Cutts, Felicity, additional, Eggers, Rudolf, additional, Lydon, Patrick, additional, Sodha, Samir V., additional, and Okwo-Bele, Jean-Marie, additional

Published
2018
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22. Development of a hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography--high-performance liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry based stable isotope dilution analysis and pharmacokinetic studies on bioactive pyridines in human plasma and urine after coffee consumption

Author

Lang, Roman, Wahl, Anika, Skurk, Thomas, Yagar, Erkan Firat, Schmiech, Ludger, Eggers, Rudolf, Hauner, Hans, and Hofmann, Thomas

Subjects
Mass spectrometry -- Methods, Mass spectrometry -- Technology application, Pyridine -- Chemical properties, Pyridine -- Identification and classification, Liquid chromatography -- Methods, Liquid chromatography -- Technology application, Dilution -- Research, Urine -- Chemical properties, Urine -- Composition, Blood plasma -- Chemical properties, Blood plasma -- Composition, Chemistry, Analytic -- Quantitative, Chemistry, Analytic -- Methods, Chemistry, Analytic -- Technology application, Technology application, Chemistry
Abstract

The paper reports on the development of an accurate hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) based stable isotope dilution analysis for the simultaneous quantitation of the food-derived bioactive pyridines trigonelline, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and N-methylpyridirdum, as well as their key metabolites nicotinamide-N-oxide, N-methylnicofinamide, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, N-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and N-methyl-2-pyridone-5carboxylic acid in human plasma and urine. Precision of the stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) was 1.9% and 11.9% relative standard deviation (n = 6), and accuracy was between 92.4% and 113.0%. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 50 fmol (10 pmol/mL) injected onto the column for all analytes with the exception of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxylic acid and N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, for which an LLOQ of 100 fmol (20 pmol/mL) was found. The method was applied to monitor the plasma appearance and urinary excretion and to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of the bioactive pyridines as well as their metabolites in a clinical human intervention study with healthy volunteers (six women, seven men) after oral administration of 350 mL of a standard coffee beverage. Trigonelline plasma levels increased from 160 nmol/L to maximum concentrations of 5479 (males) or 6547 nmol/L (females), and N-methylpyridinium plasma levels raised from virtually complete absence to maximum values of 777 (females) or 804 nmol/L (males) within 2-3 and 1 2 h after coffee consumption, respectively. The high plasma levels of N-methyipyridinium found after coffee consumption dearly demonstrate for the first time that this cation is entering the vascular system, which is the prerequisite for biological in vivo effects claimed for that compound. In contrast, the coffee intervention did not significantly influence the plasma concentrations of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide, the major niacin metabolites. Within 8 h after coffee intervention, an urinary excretion of 57.4 [+ or -] 6.9% of trigonelline and 69.1 [+ or -] 6.2% of N-methylpyridinium was found for the male volunteers, whereas females excreted slightly less with 46.2 [+ or -] 7.4% and 61.9 [+ or -] 12.2% of these pyridines. 10.1021/ac902616k

Published
2010

28. Extraction/fractionation and deacidification of wheat germ oil using supercritical carbon dioxide

Author

Zacchi, Pablo, Daghero, J., Jaeger, Philip, Eggers, Rudolf, Zacchi, Pablo, Daghero, J., Jaeger, Philip, and Eggers, Rudolf

Abstract

Wheat germ oil was obtained by mechanical pressing using a small-scale screw press and by supercritical extraction in a pilot plant. With this last method, different pressures and temperatures were tested and the tocopherol concentration in the extract was monitored during extraction. Then supercritical extracted oil as well as commercial pressed oil were deacidified in a countercurrent column using supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent under different operating conditions. Samples of extract, refined oil and feed oil were analyzed for free fatty acids (FFA) and tocopherol contents. The results show that oil with a higher tocopherol content can be obtained by supercritical extraction-fractionation and that FFA can be effectively removed by countercurrent rectification while the tocopherol content is only slightly reduced.

Published
2020

30. Liquefaction of oxyfuel flue gases : experimental results and modeling of heat transfer coefficients for pure CO₂

Author

Küster, Thorsten, Eggers, Rudolf, Küster, Thorsten, and Eggers, Rudolf

Abstract

In this paper heat transfer coefficients for film condensation of carbon dioxide under elevated pressures are presented. The examined pressure ranges from 16-30 bars with a constant mass flow of 12 kg/h CO₂. Therefore, a pilot plant for cryogenic liquefaction of CO₂ has been built. In the installed tube in tube condenser cooling media temperatures from -25 °C to -45 °C were used. During the experiment heat transfer coefficients between 4500 and 13000 W/(m2K) were determined. Afterwards the experimental data were compared to common correlations for film condensation. The aim was to prove whether the influence of the elevated pressure can be predicted. Finally, all correlations could predict the heat transfer under elevated pressures in a suitable manner, concerning the uncertainties in modeling and determination of heat transfer coefficients. Nevertheless not all correlations could predict the influence of elevated pressures equally well.

Published
2019

32. Advances in mathematical modeling of supercritical extraction processes

Author

Meyer, Florian, Stamenić, Marko, Žižović, Irena, Eggers, Rudolf, Meyer, Florian, Stamenić, Marko, Žižović, Irena, and Eggers, Rudolf

Abstract

A new trend in mathematical modeling of supercritical extraction process from plant material is presented. The most of the previously published models considered properties of the fixed bed of plant material during the extraction to be constant. This assumption might be quite true in the case of plant materials with relatively low quantity of extractables. However, the fixed bed property change may occur in the case of extraction from material with high quantities of extractables. Recently, mathematical model which took into account particle density, bed porosity and particle diameter as variables was derived. In this chapter, the model is further improved by introducing variable solubility of the extract in supercritical fluid. On the basis of new experimental results on the binary equilibrium of the system supercritical fluid - extract present in solid, a relationship between solubility in supercritical fluid and oil content in solid was established. The new model was derived which took into account particle density, bed porosity, particle diameter and solubility in supercritical fluid as variables. The model was verified on results from experiments in which the kinetics of supercritical extraction from rapseed was analyzed. Parameters of the model showed expected behaviour with respect to the change of particle size. Further analysis, shown in this chapter, showed that, if the dependency of solubility from the concentration in the solid phase is not accounted for, the model tends to overestimate the yield of the extraction. The new model is so far, the most realistic model and one of the most demanding models regarding experimental work and mathematical tools for the description of mass transfer in fixed beds.

Published
2017

33. Liquefaction of oxyfuel flue gases : experimental results and modeling of heat transfer coefficients for pure CO₂

Author

Küster, Thorsten and Eggers, Rudolf

Subjects
liquefaction, heat transfer, Ingenieurwissenschaften [620], oxyfuel, ddc:620, ddc:600, Technik [600], CCS
Abstract

In this paper heat transfer coefficients for film condensation of carbon dioxide under elevated pressures are presented. The examined pressure ranges from 16-30 bars with a constant mass flow of 12 kg/h CO₂. Therefore, a pilot plant for cryogenic liquefaction of CO₂ has been built. In the installed tube in tube condenser cooling media temperatures from -25 °C to -45 °C were used. During the experiment heat transfer coefficients between 4500 and 13000 W/(m2K) were determined. Afterwards the experimental data were compared to common correlations for film condensation. The aim was to prove whether the influence of the elevated pressure can be predicted. Finally, all correlations could predict the heat transfer under elevated pressures in a suitable manner, concerning the uncertainties in modeling and determination of heat transfer coefficients. Nevertheless not all correlations could predict the influence of elevated pressures equally well.

Published
2014

37. Antioxidant activity of deodorizer distillate fractions in rapeseed oil.

Author

Oehlke, Kathleen, Harbaum‐Piayda, Britta, Meyer, Florian, Eggers, Rudolf, and Schwarz, Karin

Subjects
RAPESEED oil, ANTIOXIDANTS, DIMERS, CHEMICAL decomposition, VITAMIN E
Abstract

Fractions of rapeseed oil deodorizer distillate containing vinylsyringol and its dimer, which are degradation products of sinapic acid, and other phenolic compounds were investigated for their potential use as antioxidants in refined rapeseed oil. Vinylsysringol, vinylsyringol dimer (VSD), and sinapic acid could effectively inhibit the formation of hydroperoxides, propanal, and hexanal in rapeseed oil triglycerides during storage at 40°C in the dark and at 25°C under light. In the presence of tocopherol, the addition of VSD increased the oxidative stability considerably at low tocopherol concentrations (25 μM) and if the VSD concentration was 10-20 times as high as the tocopherol concentration. The addition of polyphenolic rich fractions of the deodorizer distillate to commercial rapeseed oil resulted in slightly accelerated lipid oxidation in the dark at 40°C but did not influence the formation of hydroperoxides under light at 25°C. Practical applications: This study does not give any implications to change the process conditions during refining in a way that VSD would be removed from the oil. On the other hand, the fractions could be added for their positive health effects or as flavouring in savory products without jeopardizing the storage stability of the oil. Fractions of rapeseed oil deodorizer distillate rich in phenolic compounds were investigated for their potential use as antioxidants in rapeseed oil. The isolated compounds effectively inhibited lipid oxidation in the dark and under light. In the presence of tocopherol, the addition of the dimer increased the oxidative stability considerably at low tocopherol and high vinly syringol dimer concentrations. The addition of polyphenolic rich fractions of the deodorizer distillate to commercial rapeseed oil resulted in slightly accelerated lipid oxidation in the dark at 40°C but did not influence the formation of hydroperoxides under light at 25°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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38. Advances in Mathematical Modeling of Supercritical Extraction Processes

Author

Meyer, Florian, Stamenić, Marko, Žižović, Irena, Eggers, Rudolf, Meyer, Florian, Stamenić, Marko, Žižović, Irena, and Eggers, Rudolf

Abstract

A new trend in mathematical modeling of supercritical extraction process from plant material is presented.The most of the previously published models considered properties of the fixed bed of plant material during the extraction to be constant. This assumption might be quite true in the case of plant materials with relatively low quantity of extractables. However, the fixed bed property change may occur in the case of extraction from material with high quantities of extractables. Recently, mathematical model which took into account particle density, bed porosity and particle diameter as variables was derived. In this chapter, the model is further improved by introducing variable solubility of the extract in supercritical fluid. On the basis of new experimental results on the binary equilibrium of the system supercritical fluid - extract present in solid, a relationship between solubility in supercritical fluid and oil content in solid was established. The new model was derived which took into account particle density, bed porosity, particle diameter and solubility in supercritical fluid as variables. The model was verified on results from experiments in which the kintecis of supercritical extraction from rapseed was analyzed. Parameters of the model showed expected behaviour with respect to the change of particle size. Further analysis, shown in this chapter, showed that, if the dependency of solubility from the concentration in the solid phase is not accounted for, the model tends to overestimate the yield of the extraction.The new model is so far, the most realistic model and one of the most demanding models regarding experimental work and mathematical tools for the description of mass transfer in fixed beds.

Published
2014

39. Pretreatment of Natural Materials Used for Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Commercial Phytopharmaceuticals

Author

Ivanović, Jasna, Meyer, Florian, Stamenić, Marko, Jaeger, Philip, Žižović, Irena, Eggers, Rudolf, Ivanović, Jasna, Meyer, Florian, Stamenić, Marko, Jaeger, Philip, Žižović, Irena, and Eggers, Rudolf

Abstract

A proper method was to be developed for the pretreatment of different types of natural materials in order to increase the efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) regarding yield and active substance content. The effects of different mechanical pretreatments were investigated: flaking, impact plus shearing, and cutting plus grinding. Additionally, the influence of intermediate rapid gas decompression was studied. Significant effects of the applied pretreatments on the yield (increase by up to 1350 %) were shown for SFE of selected oilseeds, artemisia aerial parts, and the lichen Usnea barbata. Flaking was the most effective pretreatment for increasing the yield of SFE of fennel seeds, artemisia aerial parts, and Usnea lichen, while impact plus shearing was optimal for processing amaranth, milk thistle, and oat seeds. The use of defined optimal pretreatments led to notable increases in the contents of usnic acid (50 %) and artemisinin (300 %).

Published
2014

43. Development of polycaprolactone scaffold with antibacterial activity by an integrated supercritical extraction and impregnation process

Author

Fanovich, M. A., Ivanović, Jasna, Mišić, Dušan, Alvarez, M. V., Jaeger, Philip, Žižović, Irena, Eggers, Rudolf, Fanovich, M. A., Ivanović, Jasna, Mišić, Dušan, Alvarez, M. V., Jaeger, Philip, Žižović, Irena, and Eggers, Rudolf

Abstract

The present study is aimed to develop a process for production of functionalized scaffolds impregnated with natural compounds extracted from Patagonian Usnea lichen. A setup for an integrated supercritical CO2 extraction of natural compounds with posterior impregnation on solid matrices (polycaprolactone, PCL) is developed and presented here. In order to establish optimized operating conditions, supercritical extraction of Usnea as well as sorption kinetics and resulting material properties have been studied separately first. Usnea extracts isolated by supercritical carbon dioxide at 30 MPa and 40 degrees C have shown strong antibacterial activity with values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from less than 1.25 mu g/mL to 320 mu g/mL against Listerin innocua and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) strains. Useful scaffolds of PCL for tissue engineering containing a porous structure with pore diameters between 150 and 340 pm can be obtained when PCL is exposed to carbon dioxide at 35 degrees C and 15 MPa. The degree of crystallinity of functionalized PCL was shown to be influenced by the incorporated antibacterial agent. The presented results showed that the impregnated PCL samples are promising bactericidal compounds against L innocua. Screening of antibacterial activity of functionalized PCL against a Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain showed a higher activity when a low bacterial inoculum level (2 x 10(4) Colony-forming Units/mL [CFU/mL]) was assayed.

Published
2013

44. Effect of CO2 pre-treatment on scCO(2) extraction of natural material

Author

Meyer, Florian, Jaeger, Philip, Eggers, Rudolf, Stamenić, Marko, Milovanović, Stoja, Žižović, Irena, Meyer, Florian, Jaeger, Philip, Eggers, Rudolf, Stamenić, Marko, Milovanović, Stoja, and Žižović, Irena

Abstract

Pre-treatment of natural materials prior to their extraction strongly influences the efficiency of the process. Therefore, proper selection of pre-treatment method enables intensification of extraction process. Within this study "rapid gas decompression" (RGD) was investigated as a pretreatment method using carbon dioxide as working fluid. Oilseeds (rapeseed and sunflower seed), St. Johns Wort and Hop were studied as valuable raw materials for industrial application of supercritical fluid extraction. The sorption behaviour of carbon dioxide within the natural materials was examined gravimetrically under high pressure conditions between 5 and 26 MPa and at temperatures between 40 and 60 degrees C. It was observed that considerable amounts of carbon dioxide sorb within natural materials and a combination of dissolution within the solute phase and adsorption on the plant matrix occurs. RGD was used as a pre-treatment method prior to the extraction or as an intermediate treatment during the extraction process. The results showed that effect of RGD on extraction was the most pronounced for St. Johns Wort but also the extraction kinetics of the other materials were affected. Probable mechanisms occurring during RGD are discussed.

Published
2012

45. Swelling of plant material in supercritical carbon dioxide

Author

Stamenić, Marko, Žižović, Irena, Eggers, Rudolf, Jaeger, Philip, Heinrich, H., Roj, E., Ivanović, Jasna, Skala, Dejan, Stamenić, Marko, Žižović, Irena, Eggers, Rudolf, Jaeger, Philip, Heinrich, H., Roj, E., Ivanović, Jasna, and Skala, Dejan

Abstract

Swelling of plant material belonging to several plant families and the influence of swelling on supercritical fluid extraction process were investigated in this study. While swelling of Lamiaceae family species as well as hop cones and pellets occurred during the exposure of plant material to supercritical carbon dioxide, swelling of valerian root and ginger rhizome happened after the decompression step. Optimal pretreatment of herbaceous matrix which will enable commencement of continuous extraction from already swollen plant material was defined on the basis of swelling test results. Experimental results were modeled and energy savings due to the optimal processing on the laboratory scale were calculated. Sorption of carbon dioxide into the hop pellet was measured and the diffusion coefficient in the solid phase was determined. Obtained results indicated that the effective diffusion coefficient in the hop pellet was increased by one order of magnitude due to swelling.

Published
2010

46. Prozessintensivierung durch die Einlösung von verdichteten Gasen in Flüssig-Feststoffsysteme

Author

Eggers, Rudolf, Voges, Susanna, Eggers, Rudolf, and Voges, Susanna

Abstract

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Einlösung von verdichteten Inertgasen in Flüssig-Feststoffsysteme. Dazu wurden zwei Verfahren beispielhaft betrachtet: die gasunterstützte Pressung von Ölsaaten sowie die Versprühung von inertgasbeladenen Suspensionen (Flüssigkaffee)zum Zweck der Sprühtrocknung. Als Inertgase kommen Kohlendioxid und Stickstoff zum Einsatz. Bedingt durch die Änderung von Stoffdaten bei Verwendung von Kohlendioxid und durch eine Gas-Expansionsströmung kommt es in den betrachteten Systemen zu einer Prozessintensivierung., The present thesis treats the injection and dissolution of dense inert gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen into liquid-solid systems. For that purpose, two exemplary processes are studied: the gas assisted pressing of oil seeds and the gas aided spraying of suspensions in spray drying processes. In consequence of the change in physical properties in case of carbon dioxide dissolution and a gas expansion flow during depressurisation a process intensification is attained in both systems.

Published
2008

47. Interfacial Phenomena of Liquids in Contact with Dense CO₂

Author

Eggers, Rudolf, Sutjiadi-Sia, Yuliana, Eggers, Rudolf, and Sutjiadi-Sia, Yuliana

Abstract

Die Grenzflächenspannung eines hängenden Tropfens und seine Benetzbarkeit in komprimiertem CO₂ werden gemessen. Beide werden in der Youngschen Gleichung korreliert, um die Grenzflächenspannung eines Feststoffes zu bestimmen. Die Benetzbarkeit eines schmalen Flüssigkeitsfilms wird gemessen und ihre Fluiddynamik wird mit Hilfe des Nusselt-, des Tau- und des Wall-Models bestimmt. Die Geschwindigkeitsverteilung im Film sowie in der Grenzfläche und die Schubspannung an der Filmoberfläche werden berechnet., The pendant drop liquid-vapour interfacial tension and its wettability in dense CO₂ are measured. Both are correlated in the Young-Equation in order to estimate the solid-vapour interfacial tension. The wetting angle of water rivulet is estimated and its fluid dynamics are computed according to the Nusselt, the tau and the wall model. The velocity profile in the film phase and the interface, and the shear stress at the film surface are calculated.

Published
2008

48. Quantitative Studies on Roast Kinetics for Bioactives in Coffee

Author

Lang, Roman, primary, Yagar, Erkan Firat, additional, Wahl, Anika, additional, Beusch, Anja, additional, Dunkel, Andreas, additional, Dieminger, Natalie, additional, Eggers, Rudolf, additional, Bytof, Gerhard, additional, Stiebitz, Herbert, additional, Lantz, Ingo, additional, and Hofmann, Thomas, additional

Published
2013
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