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1. Disruptive variants of CSDE1 associate with autism and interfere with neuronal development and synaptic transmission

Author

Guo, H. (Hui), Li, Y. (Ying), Shen, L. (Lu), Wang, T. (Tianyun), Jia, X. (Xiangbin), Liu, L. (Lijuan), Xu, T. (Tao), Ou, M. (Mengzhu), Hoekzema, K. (Kendra), Wu, H. (Huidan), Gillentine, M.A. (Madelyn A.), Liu, C. (Cenying), Ni, H. (Hailun), Peng, P. (Pengwei), Zhao, R. (Rongjuan), Zhang, Y. (Yu), Phornphutkul, C. (Chanika), Stegmann, A.P.A. (Alexander P.A.), Prada, C.E. (C.), Hopkin, R., Shieh, J.T. (Joseph T.), McWalter, K. (Kirsty), Monaghan, K.G. (Kristin G.), Hasselt, P.M. (Peter) van, van Gassen, K. (Koen), Bai, T. (Ting), Long, M. (Min), Han, L. (Lin), Quan, Y. (Yingting), Chen, M. (Meilin), Zhang, Y. (Yaowen), Li, K. (Kuokuo), Zhang, Q. (Qiumeng), Tan, J. (Jieqiong), Zhu, T. (Tengfei), Liu, Y. (Yaning), Pang, N. (Nan), Peng, J. (Jing), Scott, D.A., Lalani, S.R. (Seema R.), Azamian, M. (Mahshid), Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Adams, D.J. (Darius J.), Kvarnung, M. (Malin), Lindstrand, A. (Anna), Nordgren, A. (Ann), Pevsner, J. (Jonathan), Osei-Owusu, I.A. (Ikeoluwa A.), Romano, C. (Corrado), Calabrese, G. (Giuseppe), Galesi, O. (O.), Gecz, J. (Jozef), Haan, E. (Eric), Ranells, J. (Judith), Racobaldo, M. (Melissa), Nordenskjöld, M., Madan-Khetarpal, S. (Suneeta), Sebastian, J. (Jessica), Ball, S. (Susie), Zou, X. (Xiaobing), Zhao, J. (Jingping), Hu, Z. (Zhengmao), Xia, F. (Fan), Liu, P. (Pengfei), Rosenfeld, J.A. (Jill), Vries, B. (Boukje) de, Bernier, R.A. (Raphael A.), Xu, Z.-Q.D. (Zhi-Qing David), Li, H. (Honghui), Xie, W. (Wei), Hufnagel, R.B. (Robert B.), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Xia, K. (Kun), Guo, H. (Hui), Li, Y. (Ying), Shen, L. (Lu), Wang, T. (Tianyun), Jia, X. (Xiangbin), Liu, L. (Lijuan), Xu, T. (Tao), Ou, M. (Mengzhu), Hoekzema, K. (Kendra), Wu, H. (Huidan), Gillentine, M.A. (Madelyn A.), Liu, C. (Cenying), Ni, H. (Hailun), Peng, P. (Pengwei), Zhao, R. (Rongjuan), Zhang, Y. (Yu), Phornphutkul, C. (Chanika), Stegmann, A.P.A. (Alexander P.A.), Prada, C.E. (C.), Hopkin, R., Shieh, J.T. (Joseph T.), McWalter, K. (Kirsty), Monaghan, K.G. (Kristin G.), Hasselt, P.M. (Peter) van, van Gassen, K. (Koen), Bai, T. (Ting), Long, M. (Min), Han, L. (Lin), Quan, Y. (Yingting), Chen, M. (Meilin), Zhang, Y. (Yaowen), Li, K. (Kuokuo), Zhang, Q. (Qiumeng), Tan, J. (Jieqiong), Zhu, T. (Tengfei), Liu, Y. (Yaning), Pang, N. (Nan), Peng, J. (Jing), Scott, D.A., Lalani, S.R. (Seema R.), Azamian, M. (Mahshid), Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Adams, D.J. (Darius J.), Kvarnung, M. (Malin), Lindstrand, A. (Anna), Nordgren, A. (Ann), Pevsner, J. (Jonathan), Osei-Owusu, I.A. (Ikeoluwa A.), Romano, C. (Corrado), Calabrese, G. (Giuseppe), Galesi, O. (O.), Gecz, J. (Jozef), Haan, E. (Eric), Ranells, J. (Judith), Racobaldo, M. (Melissa), Nordenskjöld, M., Madan-Khetarpal, S. (Suneeta), Sebastian, J. (Jessica), Ball, S. (Susie), Zou, X. (Xiaobing), Zhao, J. (Jingping), Hu, Z. (Zhengmao), Xia, F. (Fan), Liu, P. (Pengfei), Rosenfeld, J.A. (Jill), Vries, B. (Boukje) de, Bernier, R.A. (Raphael A.), Xu, Z.-Q.D. (Zhi-Qing David), Li, H. (Honghui), Xie, W. (Wei), Hufnagel, R.B. (Robert B.), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), and Xia, K. (Kun)

Abstract

RNA binding proteins are key players in posttranscriptional regulation and have been implicated in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we report a significant burden of heterozygous, likely genedisrupting variants in CSDE1 (encoding a highly constrained RNA binding protein) among patients with autism and related neurodevelopmental disabilities. Analysis of 17 patients identifies common phenotypes including autism, intellectual disability, language and motor delay, seizures, macrocephaly, and variable ocular abnormalities. HITSCLIP revealed that Csde1binding targets are enriched in autismassociated gene sets, especially FMRP targets, and in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity–related pathways. Csde1 knockdown in primary mouse cortical neurons leads to an overgrowth of the neurites and abnormal dendritic spine morphology/synapse formation and impaired synaptic transmission, whereas mutant and knockdown experiments in Drosophila result in defects in synapse growth and synaptic transmission. Our study defines a new autismrelated syndrome and highlights the functional role of CSDE1 in synapse development and synaptic transmission.

Published
2019
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2. The ARID1B spectrum in 143 patients: from nonsyndromic intellectual disability to Coffin–Siris syndrome

Author

van der Sluijs, E.P.J. (Eline (P.J.)), Jansen, S. (Sandra), Vergano, S.A. (Samantha A.), Adachi-Fukuda, M. (Miho), Alanay, Y. (Yasemin), AlKindy, A. (Adila), Baban, A. (Anwar), Bayat, A. (Allan), Beck-Wödl, S. (Stefanie), Berry, K. (Katherine), Bijlsma, E.K. (Emilia), Bok, L.A. (Levinus), Brouwer, A.F.J. (Alwin F. J.), Burgt, I. (Ineke) van der, Campeau, P.M. (Philippe M.), Canham, N. (Natalie), Chrzanowska, K.H. (Krystyna), Chu, Y.W.Y. (Yoyo W. Y.), Chung, B.H.Y. (Brain H. Y.), Dahan, K. (Karin), De Rademaeker, M. (Marjan), Destrée, A. (Anne), Dudding-Byth, T. (Tracy), Earl, R. (Rachel), Elcioglu, N.H. (Nursel), Elias, E.R. (Ellen R.), Fagerberg, C. (Christina), Gardham, A. (Alice), Gener, B. (Blanca), Gerkes, E.H. (Erica H), Grasshoff, U. (Ute), Haeringen, A. (Arie) van, Heitink, K.R. (Karin R.), Herkert, J.C. (Johanna), Hollander, N.S. (Nicolette) den, Horn, D. (Denise), Hunt, D. (David), Kant, S.G. (Sarina), Kato, M. (Mitsuhiro), Kayserili, H. (Hülya), Kersseboom, R. (Rogier), Kilic, E. (Esra), Krajewska-Walasek, M. (Malgorzata), Lammers, K. (Kylin), Laulund, L.W. (Lone W.), Lederer, D. (Damien), Lees, M.M. (Melissa), López-González, V. (V.), Maas, S.M. (Saskia), Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Marcelis, C.L.M. (Carlo), Martinez, F. (Francisco), Maystadt, I. (Isabelle), McGuire, M. (Marianne), McKee, S., Mehta, S. (Sarju), Metcalfe, K. (Kay), Milunsky, J.M. (Jeff), Mizuno, S. (Seiji), Moeschler, J.B. (John B.), Netzer, C. (Christian), Ockeloen, C. (Charlotte), Oehl-Jaschkowitz, B. (Barbara), Okamoto, N. (Nobuhiko), Olminkhof, S.N.M. (Sharon N. M.), Orellana, C. (Carmen), Pasquier, L. (Laurent), Pottinger, C. (Caroline), Riehmer, V. (Vera), Robertson, S.P. (Stephen), Roifman, M. (Maian), Rooryck, C. (Caroline), Ropers, F.G. (Fabienne G.), Rosello, M. (Monica), Ruivenkamp, C.A. (Claudia), Sagiroglu, M.S. (Mahmut S.), Sallevelt, S.C.E.H. (Suzanne), Sanchis Calvo, A. (Amparo), Simsek-Kiper, P.O. (P.), Soares, G. (Gabriela), Solaeche, L. (Lucia), Mujgan Sonmez, F. (Fatma), Splitt, M. (M.), Steenbeek, D. (Duco), Stegmann, A.P.A. (Alexander P. A.), Stumpel, C. (Connie), Tanabe, S. (Saori), Uctepe, E. (Eyyup), Utine, G.E. (G. Eda), Veenstra-Knol, H.E. (Hermine), Venkateswaran, S. (Sunita), Vilain, C. (Catheline), Vincent-Delorme, C. (Catherine), Vulto-van Silfhout, A.T. (Anneke), Wheeler, P. (Patricia), Wilson, G.N. (Golder N.), Wilson, L.C. (Louise), Wollnik, B. (Bernd), Kosho, T. (Tomoki), Wieczorek, D. (Dagmar), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Pfundt, R. (Rolph), Vries, B. (Boukje) de, Clayton-Smith, J., Santen, G.W.E. (Gijs), van der Sluijs, E.P.J. (Eline (P.J.)), Jansen, S. (Sandra), Vergano, S.A. (Samantha A.), Adachi-Fukuda, M. (Miho), Alanay, Y. (Yasemin), AlKindy, A. (Adila), Baban, A. (Anwar), Bayat, A. (Allan), Beck-Wödl, S. (Stefanie), Berry, K. (Katherine), Bijlsma, E.K. (Emilia), Bok, L.A. (Levinus), Brouwer, A.F.J. (Alwin F. J.), Burgt, I. (Ineke) van der, Campeau, P.M. (Philippe M.), Canham, N. (Natalie), Chrzanowska, K.H. (Krystyna), Chu, Y.W.Y. (Yoyo W. Y.), Chung, B.H.Y. (Brain H. Y.), Dahan, K. (Karin), De Rademaeker, M. (Marjan), Destrée, A. (Anne), Dudding-Byth, T. (Tracy), Earl, R. (Rachel), Elcioglu, N.H. (Nursel), Elias, E.R. (Ellen R.), Fagerberg, C. (Christina), Gardham, A. (Alice), Gener, B. (Blanca), Gerkes, E.H. (Erica H), Grasshoff, U. (Ute), Haeringen, A. (Arie) van, Heitink, K.R. (Karin R.), Herkert, J.C. (Johanna), Hollander, N.S. (Nicolette) den, Horn, D. (Denise), Hunt, D. (David), Kant, S.G. (Sarina), Kato, M. (Mitsuhiro), Kayserili, H. (Hülya), Kersseboom, R. (Rogier), Kilic, E. (Esra), Krajewska-Walasek, M. (Malgorzata), Lammers, K. (Kylin), Laulund, L.W. (Lone W.), Lederer, D. (Damien), Lees, M.M. (Melissa), López-González, V. (V.), Maas, S.M. (Saskia), Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Marcelis, C.L.M. (Carlo), Martinez, F. (Francisco), Maystadt, I. (Isabelle), McGuire, M. (Marianne), McKee, S., Mehta, S. (Sarju), Metcalfe, K. (Kay), Milunsky, J.M. (Jeff), Mizuno, S. (Seiji), Moeschler, J.B. (John B.), Netzer, C. (Christian), Ockeloen, C. (Charlotte), Oehl-Jaschkowitz, B. (Barbara), Okamoto, N. (Nobuhiko), Olminkhof, S.N.M. (Sharon N. M.), Orellana, C. (Carmen), Pasquier, L. (Laurent), Pottinger, C. (Caroline), Riehmer, V. (Vera), Robertson, S.P. (Stephen), Roifman, M. (Maian), Rooryck, C. (Caroline), Ropers, F.G. (Fabienne G.), Rosello, M. (Monica), Ruivenkamp, C.A. (Claudia), Sagiroglu, M.S. (Mahmut S.), Sallevelt, S.C.E.H. (Suzanne), Sanchis Calvo, A. (Amparo), Simsek-Kiper, P.O. (P.), Soares, G. (Gabriela), Solaeche, L. (Lucia), Mujgan Sonmez, F. (Fatma), Splitt, M. (M.), Steenbeek, D. (Duco), Stegmann, A.P.A. (Alexander P. A.), Stumpel, C. (Connie), Tanabe, S. (Saori), Uctepe, E. (Eyyup), Utine, G.E. (G. Eda), Veenstra-Knol, H.E. (Hermine), Venkateswaran, S. (Sunita), Vilain, C. (Catheline), Vincent-Delorme, C. (Catherine), Vulto-van Silfhout, A.T. (Anneke), Wheeler, P. (Patricia), Wilson, G.N. (Golder N.), Wilson, L.C. (Louise), Wollnik, B. (Bernd), Kosho, T. (Tomoki), Wieczorek, D. (Dagmar), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Pfundt, R. (Rolph), Vries, B. (Boukje) de, Clayton-Smith, J., and Santen, G.W.E. (Gijs)

Abstract

Purpose: Pathogenic variants in ARID1B are one of the most frequent causes of intellectual disability (ID) as determined by large-scale exome sequencing studies. Most studies published thus far describe clinically diagnosed Coffin–Siris patients (ARID1B-CSS) and it is unclear whether these data are representative for patients identified through sequencing of unbiased ID cohorts (ARID1B-ID). We therefore sought to determine genotypic and phenotypic differences between ARID1B-ID and ARID1B-CSS. In parallel, we investigated the effect of different methods of phenotype reporting. Methods: Clinicians entered clinical data in an extensive web-based survey. Results: 79 ARID1B-CSS and 64 ARID1B-ID patients were included. CSS-associated dysmorphic features, such as thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, thick alae nasi, long and/or broad philtrum, small nails and small or absent fifth distal phalanx and hypertrichosis, were observed significantly more often (p < 0.001) in ARID1B-CSS patients. No other significant differences were identified. Conclusion: There are only minor differences between ARID1B-ID and ARID1B-CSS patients. ARID1B-related disorders seem to consist of a spectrum, and patients should be managed similarly. We demonstrated that data collection methods without an explicit option to report the absence of a feature (such as most Human Phenotype Ontology-based methods) tended to underestimate gene-related features.

Published
2018
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3. Computational pan-genomics: Status, promises and challenges

Author

Marschall, T. (Tanja), Marz, M. (Manja), Abeel, T. (Thomas), Dijkstra, L. (Louis), Dutilh, B.E. (Bas), Ghaffaari, A. (Ali), Kersey, P. (Paul), Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Mäkinen, V. (Veli), Novak, A.M. (Adam M.), Paten, B. (Benedict), Porubsky, D. (David), Rivals, E. (Eric), Alkan, C. (Can), Baaijens, J.A. (Jasmijn A.), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Boeva, V. (Valentina), Bonnal, R.J.P. (Raoul J.P.), Chiaromonte, F. (Francesca), Chikhi, R. (Rayan), Ciccarelli, F.D. (Francesca D.), Cijvat, R. (Robin), Datema, E. (Erwin), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Ernst, C. (Corinna), Eskin, E. (E.), Garrison, E. (Erik), El-Kebir, M. (Mohammed), Klau, G.W. (Gunnar W.), Korbel, J.O. (Jan), Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Langmead, B. (Benjamin), Martin, M. (Marcel), Medvedev, P. (Paul), Mu, J.C. (John C.), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter B T), Ouwens, K. (Klaasjan), Peterlongo, P. (Pierre), Pisanti, N. (Nadia), Rahmann, S. (S.), Raphael, B.J. (Benjamin J.), Reinert, K. (Knut), Ridder, D. (Dick) de, de Ridder, J. (Jeroen), Schlesner, M. (Matthias), Schulz-Trieglaff, O. (Ole), Sanders, A.D. (Ashley D.), Sheikhizadeh, S. (Siavash), Shneider, C. (Carl), Smit, S. (Sandra), Valenzuela, D. (Daniel), Wang, J. (Jiayin), Wessels, L. (Lodewyk), Zhang, Y. (Ying), Guryev, V. (Victor), Vandin, F. (Fabio), Ye, K. (Kai), Schönhuth, A. (Alexander), Marschall, T. (Tanja), Marz, M. (Manja), Abeel, T. (Thomas), Dijkstra, L. (Louis), Dutilh, B.E. (Bas), Ghaffaari, A. (Ali), Kersey, P. (Paul), Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Mäkinen, V. (Veli), Novak, A.M. (Adam M.), Paten, B. (Benedict), Porubsky, D. (David), Rivals, E. (Eric), Alkan, C. (Can), Baaijens, J.A. (Jasmijn A.), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Boeva, V. (Valentina), Bonnal, R.J.P. (Raoul J.P.), Chiaromonte, F. (Francesca), Chikhi, R. (Rayan), Ciccarelli, F.D. (Francesca D.), Cijvat, R. (Robin), Datema, E. (Erwin), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Ernst, C. (Corinna), Eskin, E. (E.), Garrison, E. (Erik), El-Kebir, M. (Mohammed), Klau, G.W. (Gunnar W.), Korbel, J.O. (Jan), Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Langmead, B. (Benjamin), Martin, M. (Marcel), Medvedev, P. (Paul), Mu, J.C. (John C.), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter B T), Ouwens, K. (Klaasjan), Peterlongo, P. (Pierre), Pisanti, N. (Nadia), Rahmann, S. (S.), Raphael, B.J. (Benjamin J.), Reinert, K. (Knut), Ridder, D. (Dick) de, de Ridder, J. (Jeroen), Schlesner, M. (Matthias), Schulz-Trieglaff, O. (Ole), Sanders, A.D. (Ashley D.), Sheikhizadeh, S. (Siavash), Shneider, C. (Carl), Smit, S. (Sandra), Valenzuela, D. (Daniel), Wang, J. (Jiayin), Wessels, L. (Lodewyk), Zhang, Y. (Ying), Guryev, V. (Victor), Vandin, F. (Fabio), Ye, K. (Kai), and Schönhuth, A. (Alexander)

Abstract

Many disciplines, from human genetics and oncology to plant breeding, microbiology and virology, commonly face the challenge of analyzing rapidly increasing numbers of genomes. In case of Homo sapiens, the number of sequenced genomes will approach hundreds of thousands in the next few years. Simply scaling up established bioinformatics pipelines will not be sufficient for leveraging the full potential of such rich genomic data sets. Instead, novel, qualitatively different Computational methods and paradigms are needed.We will witness the rapid extension of Computational pan-genomics, a new sub-area of research in Computational biology. In this article, we generalize existing definitions and understand a pangenome as any collection of genomic sequences to be analyzed jointly or to be used as a reference. We examine already available approaches to construct and use pan-genomes, discuss the potential benefits of future technologies and methodologies and review open challenges from the vantage point of the above-mentioned biological disciplines. As a prominent example for a Computational paradigm shift, we particularly highlight the transition from the representation of reference genomes as strings to representations a

Published
2018
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4. Computational pan-genomics: status, promises and challenges

Author

The Computational Pan-Genomics Consortium, Marschall, T. (Tobias), Marz, M. (Manja), Abeel, T. (Thomas), Dijkstra, L.J. (Louis), Dutilh, B.E. (Bas), Ghaffaari, A. (Ali), Kersey, P. (Paul), Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Mäkinen, V. (Veli), Novak, A.M. (Adam), Paten, B. (Benedict), Porubsky, D. (David), Rivals, E. (Eric), Alkan, C. (Can), Baaijens, J.A. (Jasmijn), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Boeva, V. (Valentina), Bonnal, R.J.P. (Raoul), Chiaromonte, F. (Francesca), Chikhi, R. (Rayan), Ciccarelli, F.D. (Francesca), Cijvat, C.P. (Robin), Datema, E. (Erwin), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Ernst, C. (Corinna), Eskin, E. (Eleazar), Garrison, E. (Erik), El-Kebir, M. (Mohammed), Klau, G.W. (Gunnar), Korbel, J.O. (Jan), Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Langmead, B. (Benjamin), Martin, M. (Marcel), Medvedev, P. (Paul), Mu, J.C. (John), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter), Ouwens, K. (Klaasjan), Peterlongo, P. (Pierre), Pisanti, N. (Nadia), Rahmann, S. (Sven), Raphael, B.J. (Benjamin), Reinert, K. (Knut), Ridder, D. (Dick) de, Ridder, J. (Jeroen) de, Schlesner, M. (Matthias), Schulz-Trieglaff, O. (Ole), Sanders, A.D. (Ashley), Sheikhizadeh, S. (Siavash), Shneider, C. (Carl), Smit, S. (Sandra), Valenzuela, D. (Daniel), Wang, J. (Jiayin), Wessels, L.F.A. (Lodewyk), Zhang, Y. (Ying), Guryev, V. (Victor), Vandin, F. (Fabio), Ye, K. (Kai), Schönhuth, A. (Alexander), The Computational Pan-Genomics Consortium, Marschall, T. (Tobias), Marz, M. (Manja), Abeel, T. (Thomas), Dijkstra, L.J. (Louis), Dutilh, B.E. (Bas), Ghaffaari, A. (Ali), Kersey, P. (Paul), Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Mäkinen, V. (Veli), Novak, A.M. (Adam), Paten, B. (Benedict), Porubsky, D. (David), Rivals, E. (Eric), Alkan, C. (Can), Baaijens, J.A. (Jasmijn), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Boeva, V. (Valentina), Bonnal, R.J.P. (Raoul), Chiaromonte, F. (Francesca), Chikhi, R. (Rayan), Ciccarelli, F.D. (Francesca), Cijvat, C.P. (Robin), Datema, E. (Erwin), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Ernst, C. (Corinna), Eskin, E. (Eleazar), Garrison, E. (Erik), El-Kebir, M. (Mohammed), Klau, G.W. (Gunnar), Korbel, J.O. (Jan), Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Langmead, B. (Benjamin), Martin, M. (Marcel), Medvedev, P. (Paul), Mu, J.C. (John), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter), Ouwens, K. (Klaasjan), Peterlongo, P. (Pierre), Pisanti, N. (Nadia), Rahmann, S. (Sven), Raphael, B.J. (Benjamin), Reinert, K. (Knut), Ridder, D. (Dick) de, Ridder, J. (Jeroen) de, Schlesner, M. (Matthias), Schulz-Trieglaff, O. (Ole), Sanders, A.D. (Ashley), Sheikhizadeh, S. (Siavash), Shneider, C. (Carl), Smit, S. (Sandra), Valenzuela, D. (Daniel), Wang, J. (Jiayin), Wessels, L.F.A. (Lodewyk), Zhang, Y. (Ying), Guryev, V. (Victor), Vandin, F. (Fabio), Ye, K. (Kai), and Schönhuth, A. (Alexander)

Abstract

Many disciplines, from human genetics and oncology to plant breeding, microbiology and virology, commonly face the challenge of analyzing rapidly increasing numbers of genomes. In case of Homo sapiens, the number of sequenced genomes will approach hundreds of thousands in the next few years. Simply scaling up established bioinformatics pipelines will not be sufficient for leveraging the full potential of such rich genomic data sets. Instead, novel, qualitatively different computational methods and paradigms are needed. We will witness the rapid extension of computational pan-genomics, a new sub-area of research in computational biology. In this article, we generalize existing definitions and understand a pan-genome as any collection of genomic sequences to be analyzed jointly or to be used as a reference. We examine already available approaches to construct and use pan-genomes, discuss the potential benefits of future technologies and methodologies and review open challenges from the vantage point of the above-mentioned biological disciplines. As a prominent example for a computational paradigm shift, we particularly highlight the transition from the representation of reference genomes as strings to representations as graphs. We outline how this and other challenges from different application domains translate into common computational problems, point out relevant bioinformatics techniques and identify open problems in computer science. With this review, we aim to increase awareness that a joint approach to computational pan-genomics can help address many of the problems currently faced in various domains.

Published
2018
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5. Computational pan-genomics: status, promises and challenges

Author

The Computational Pan-Genomics Consortium, Marschall, T. (Tobias), Marz, M. (Manja), Abeel, T. (Thomas), Dijkstra, L.J. (Louis), Dutilh, B.E. (Bas), Ghaffaari, A. (Ali), Kersey, P. (Paul), Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Mäkinen, V. (Veli), Novak, A.M. (Adam), Paten, B. (Benedict), Porubsky, D. (David), Rivals, E. (Eric), Alkan, C. (Can), Baaijens, J.A. (Jasmijn), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Boeva, V. (Valentina), Bonnal, R.J.P. (Raoul), Chiaromonte, F. (Francesca), Chikhi, R. (Rayan), Ciccarelli, F.D. (Francesca), Cijvat, C.P. (Robin), Datema, E. (Erwin), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Ernst, C. (Corinna), Eskin, E. (Eleazar), Garrison, E. (Erik), El-Kebir, M. (Mohammed), Klau, G.W. (Gunnar), Korbel, J.O. (Jan), Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Langmead, B. (Benjamin), Martin, M. (Marcel), Medvedev, P. (Paul), Mu, J.C. (John), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter), Ouwens, K. (Klaasjan), Peterlongo, P. (Pierre), Pisanti, N. (Nadia), Rahmann, S. (Sven), Raphael, B.J. (Benjamin), Reinert, K. (Knut), Ridder, D. (Dick) de, Ridder, J. (Jeroen) de, Schlesner, M. (Matthias), Schulz-Trieglaff, O. (Ole), Sanders, A.D. (Ashley), Sheikhizadeh, S. (Siavash), Shneider, C. (Carl), Smit, S. (Sandra), Valenzuela, D. (Daniel), Wang, J. (Jiayin), Wessels, L.F.A. (Lodewyk), Zhang, Y. (Ying), Guryev, V. (Victor), Vandin, F. (Fabio), Ye, K. (Kai), Schönhuth, A. (Alexander), The Computational Pan-Genomics Consortium, Marschall, T. (Tobias), Marz, M. (Manja), Abeel, T. (Thomas), Dijkstra, L.J. (Louis), Dutilh, B.E. (Bas), Ghaffaari, A. (Ali), Kersey, P. (Paul), Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Mäkinen, V. (Veli), Novak, A.M. (Adam), Paten, B. (Benedict), Porubsky, D. (David), Rivals, E. (Eric), Alkan, C. (Can), Baaijens, J.A. (Jasmijn), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Boeva, V. (Valentina), Bonnal, R.J.P. (Raoul), Chiaromonte, F. (Francesca), Chikhi, R. (Rayan), Ciccarelli, F.D. (Francesca), Cijvat, C.P. (Robin), Datema, E. (Erwin), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Ernst, C. (Corinna), Eskin, E. (Eleazar), Garrison, E. (Erik), El-Kebir, M. (Mohammed), Klau, G.W. (Gunnar), Korbel, J.O. (Jan), Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Langmead, B. (Benjamin), Martin, M. (Marcel), Medvedev, P. (Paul), Mu, J.C. (John), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter), Ouwens, K. (Klaasjan), Peterlongo, P. (Pierre), Pisanti, N. (Nadia), Rahmann, S. (Sven), Raphael, B.J. (Benjamin), Reinert, K. (Knut), Ridder, D. (Dick) de, Ridder, J. (Jeroen) de, Schlesner, M. (Matthias), Schulz-Trieglaff, O. (Ole), Sanders, A.D. (Ashley), Sheikhizadeh, S. (Siavash), Shneider, C. (Carl), Smit, S. (Sandra), Valenzuela, D. (Daniel), Wang, J. (Jiayin), Wessels, L.F.A. (Lodewyk), Zhang, Y. (Ying), Guryev, V. (Victor), Vandin, F. (Fabio), Ye, K. (Kai), and Schönhuth, A. (Alexander)

Abstract

Many disciplines, from human genetics and oncology to plant breeding, microbiology and virology, commonly face the challenge of analyzing rapidly increasing numbers of genomes. In case of Homo sapiens, the number of sequenced genomes will approach hundreds of thousands in the next few years. Simply scaling up established bioinformatics pipelines will not be sufficient for leveraging the full potential of such rich genomic data sets. Instead, novel, qualitatively different computational methods and paradigms are needed. We will witness the rapid extension of computational pan-genomics, a new sub-area of research in computational biology. In this article, we generalize existing definitions and understand a pan-genome as any collection of genomic sequences to be analyzed jointly or to be used as a reference. We examine already available approaches to construct and use pan-genomes, discuss the potential benefits of future technologies and methodologies and review open challenges from the vantage point of the above-mentioned biological disciplines. As a prominent example for a computational paradigm shift, we particularly highlight the transition from the representation of reference genomes as strings to representations as graphs. We outline how this and other challenges from different application domains translate into common computational problems, point out relevant bioinformatics techniques and identify open problems in computer science. With this review, we aim to increase awareness that a joint approach to computational pan-genomics can help address many of the problems currently faced in various domains.

Published
2018
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6. De Novo Mutations in Protein Kinase Genes CAMK2A and CAMK2B Cause Intellectual Disability

Author

Küry, S. (Sébastien), Woerden, G.M. (Geeske) van, Besnard, T. (Thomas), Proietti-Onori, M. (Martina), Latypova, X. (Xénia), Towne, M.C. (Meghan C.), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), Prescott, T. (Trine), Ploeg, M.A. (Melissa), Sanders, S. (Stephan), Stessman, H.A.F. (Holly A F), Pujol, A. (Aurora), Distel, B. (Ben), Robak, L.A. (Laurie A.), Bernstein, J.A. (Jonathan A.), Denommé-Pichon, A.-S. (Anne-Sophie), Lesca, G. (Gaëtan), Sellars, E.A. (Elizabeth A.), Berg, J. (Jonathan), Carré, W. (Wilfrid), Busk, ØL. (Øyvind Løvold), Bon, B. (Bregje) van, Waugh, J.L. (Jeff L.), Deardorff, M.A. (Matthew), Hoganson, G.E. (George E.), Bosanko, K.B. (Katherine B.), Johnson, D.S. (Diana S.), Dabir, T. (Tabib), Holla, ØL. (Øystein Lunde), Sarkar, A. (Ajoy), Tveten, K. (Kristian), de Bellescize, J. (Julitta), Braathen, G.J. (Geir J.), Terhal, P. (Paulien), Grange, D.K. (Dorothy K.), Haeringen, A. (Arie) van, Lam, C. (Christina), Mirzaa, G.M. (Ghayda), Burton, J. (Jennifer), Bhoj, E.J. (Elizabeth J.), Douglas, J. (Jessica), Santani, A.B. (Avni B.), Nesbitt, A.I. (Addie I.), Helbig, K.L. (Katherine L.), Andrews, M.V. (Marisa V.), Begtrup, A. (Amber), Tang, S. (Sha), van Gassen, K.L.I. (Koen L.I.), Juusola, J. (Jane), Foss, K. (Kimberly), Enns, G. (Gregory), Moog, U. (Ute), Hinderhofer, K. (Katrin), Paramasivam, N. (Nagarajan), Lincoln, S. (Sharyn), Kusako, B.H. (Brandon H.), Lindenbaum, P. (Pierre), Charpentier, E. (Eric), Nowak, C.B. (Catherine B.), Cherot, E. (Elouan), Simonet, T. (Thomas), Ruivenkamp, C.A. (Claudia), Hahn, S. (Sihoun), Brownstein, C.A. (Catherine A.), Xia, F. (Fan), Schmitt, S. (Sébastien), Deb, W. (Wallid), Bonneau, D. (Dominique), Nizon, M. (Mathilde), Quinquis, D. (Delphine), Chelly, J. (Jamel), Rudolf, G. (Gabrielle), Sanlaville, D. (Damien), Parent, P. (Philippe), Gilbert-Dussardier, B. (Brigitte), Toutain, A. (Annick), Sutton, V.R. (V. Reid), Thies, J. (Jenny), Peart-Vissers, L.E.L.M. (Lisenka E L M), Boisseau, P. (Pierre), Vincent, M. (Marie), Grabrucker, A.M. (Andreas M.), Dubourg, C. (Christèle), Tan, W.-H. (Wen-Hann), Verbeek, N.E. (Nienke), Granzow, M. (Martin), Santen, G.W.E. (Gijs), Shendure, J. (Jay), Isidor, B. (Bertrand), Pasquier, L. (Laurent), Redon, R. (Richard), Yang, Y. (Yaping), State, M.W. (Matthew), Kleefstra, T. (Tjitske), Cogné, B. (Benjamin), Petrovski, S. (Slavé), Retterer, K. (Kyle), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Rosenfeld, J.A. (Jill), Agrawal, P.B. (Pankaj B.), Bézieau, S. (Stéphane), Odent, S. (Sylvie), Elgersma, Y. (Ype), Mercier, S. (Sandra), Küry, S. (Sébastien), Woerden, G.M. (Geeske) van, Besnard, T. (Thomas), Proietti-Onori, M. (Martina), Latypova, X. (Xénia), Towne, M.C. (Meghan C.), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), Prescott, T. (Trine), Ploeg, M.A. (Melissa), Sanders, S. (Stephan), Stessman, H.A.F. (Holly A F), Pujol, A. (Aurora), Distel, B. (Ben), Robak, L.A. (Laurie A.), Bernstein, J.A. (Jonathan A.), Denommé-Pichon, A.-S. (Anne-Sophie), Lesca, G. (Gaëtan), Sellars, E.A. (Elizabeth A.), Berg, J. (Jonathan), Carré, W. (Wilfrid), Busk, ØL. (Øyvind Løvold), Bon, B. (Bregje) van, Waugh, J.L. (Jeff L.), Deardorff, M.A. (Matthew), Hoganson, G.E. (George E.), Bosanko, K.B. (Katherine B.), Johnson, D.S. (Diana S.), Dabir, T. (Tabib), Holla, ØL. (Øystein Lunde), Sarkar, A. (Ajoy), Tveten, K. (Kristian), de Bellescize, J. (Julitta), Braathen, G.J. (Geir J.), Terhal, P. (Paulien), Grange, D.K. (Dorothy K.), Haeringen, A. (Arie) van, Lam, C. (Christina), Mirzaa, G.M. (Ghayda), Burton, J. (Jennifer), Bhoj, E.J. (Elizabeth J.), Douglas, J. (Jessica), Santani, A.B. (Avni B.), Nesbitt, A.I. (Addie I.), Helbig, K.L. (Katherine L.), Andrews, M.V. (Marisa V.), Begtrup, A. (Amber), Tang, S. (Sha), van Gassen, K.L.I. (Koen L.I.), Juusola, J. (Jane), Foss, K. (Kimberly), Enns, G. (Gregory), Moog, U. (Ute), Hinderhofer, K. (Katrin), Paramasivam, N. (Nagarajan), Lincoln, S. (Sharyn), Kusako, B.H. (Brandon H.), Lindenbaum, P. (Pierre), Charpentier, E. (Eric), Nowak, C.B. (Catherine B.), Cherot, E. (Elouan), Simonet, T. (Thomas), Ruivenkamp, C.A. (Claudia), Hahn, S. (Sihoun), Brownstein, C.A. (Catherine A.), Xia, F. (Fan), Schmitt, S. (Sébastien), Deb, W. (Wallid), Bonneau, D. (Dominique), Nizon, M. (Mathilde), Quinquis, D. (Delphine), Chelly, J. (Jamel), Rudolf, G. (Gabrielle), Sanlaville, D. (Damien), Parent, P. (Philippe), Gilbert-Dussardier, B. (Brigitte), Toutain, A. (Annick), Sutton, V.R. (V. Reid), Thies, J. (Jenny), Peart-Vissers, L.E.L.M. (Lisenka E L M), Boisseau, P. (Pierre), Vincent, M. (Marie), Grabrucker, A.M. (Andreas M.), Dubourg, C. (Christèle), Tan, W.-H. (Wen-Hann), Verbeek, N.E. (Nienke), Granzow, M. (Martin), Santen, G.W.E. (Gijs), Shendure, J. (Jay), Isidor, B. (Bertrand), Pasquier, L. (Laurent), Redon, R. (Richard), Yang, Y. (Yaping), State, M.W. (Matthew), Kleefstra, T. (Tjitske), Cogné, B. (Benjamin), Petrovski, S. (Slavé), Retterer, K. (Kyle), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Rosenfeld, J.A. (Jill), Agrawal, P.B. (Pankaj B.), Bézieau, S. (Stéphane), Odent, S. (Sylvie), Elgersma, Y. (Ype), and Mercier, S. (Sandra)

Abstract

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) is one of the first proteins shown to be essential for normal learning and synaptic plasticity in mice, but its requirement for human brain development has not yet been established. Through a multi-center collaborative study based on a whole-exome sequencing approach, we identified 19 exceedingly rare de novo CAMK2A or CAMK2B variants in 24 unrelated individuals with intellectual disability. Variants were assessed for their effect on CAMK2 function and on neuronal migration. For both CAMK2A and CAMK2B, we identified mutations that decreased or increased CAMK2 auto-phosphorylation at Thr286/Thr287. We further found that all mutations affecting auto-phosphorylation also affected neuronal migration, highlighting the importance of tightly regulated CAMK2 auto-phosphorylation in neuronal function and neurodevelopment. Our data establish the importance of CAMK2A and CAMK2B and their auto-phosphorylation in human brain function and expand the phenotypic spectrum of the disorders caused by variants in key players of the glutamatergic signaling pathway.

Published
2017
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7. A high-quality human reference panel reveals the complexity and distribution of genomic structural variants

Author

Hehir-Kwa, J.Y. (Jayne), Marschall, T. (Tobias), Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Francioli, L.C. (Laurent), Baaijens, J.A. (Jasmijn), Dijkstra, L.J. (Louis), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Koval, V. (Vyacheslav), Thung, (), D.T. (Djie Tjwan), Wardenaar, R. (René), Renkens, I. (Ivo), Coe, B.P. (Bradley), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Ligt, J. (Joep) de, Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Hormozdiari, F. (Fereydoun), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Swertz, M.A. (Morris), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Ommen, G.-J.B. (Gert-Jan) van, Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Schönhuth, A. (Alexander), Ye, K. (Kai), Guryev, V. (Victor), Bovenberg, J.A. (Jasper), Craen, A.J.M. (Anton) de, Beekman, M. (Marian), Hofman, A. (Albert), Willemsen, G. (Gonneke), Wolffenbuttel, B. (Bruce), Platteel, M. (Mathieu), Du, Y. (Yuanping), Chen, R. (Ruoyan), Cao, H. (Hongzhi), Cao, R. (Rui), Sun, Y. (Yushen), Cao, J.S. (Jeremy Sujie), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter), Dijkstra, M. (Martijn), Byelas, G. (George), Kanterakis, A. (Alexandros), Bot, J. (Jan), Vermaat, M. (Martijn), Laros, J.F.J. (Jeroen), Dunnen, J.T. (Johan) den, Knijff, P. (Peter) de, Karssen, L.C. (Lennart), van Leeuwen, E.M. (Elisa), Amin, N. (Najaf), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Estrada, K. (Karol), Hottenga, J.-J. (Jouke-Jan), Kattenberg, V.M. (Mathijs), Enckevort, D. (David) van, Mei, H. (Hailiang), Santcroos, M. (Mark), Schaik, B.D.C. (Barbera) van, Handsaker, R.E. (Robert), McCarroll, S.A. (Steven), Ko, A. (Arthur), Sudmant, P. (Peter), Nijman, I.J. (Isaac), Hehir-Kwa, J.Y. (Jayne), Marschall, T. (Tobias), Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Francioli, L.C. (Laurent), Baaijens, J.A. (Jasmijn), Dijkstra, L.J. (Louis), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Koval, V. (Vyacheslav), Thung, (), D.T. (Djie Tjwan), Wardenaar, R. (René), Renkens, I. (Ivo), Coe, B.P. (Bradley), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Ligt, J. (Joep) de, Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Hormozdiari, F. (Fereydoun), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Swertz, M.A. (Morris), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Ommen, G.-J.B. (Gert-Jan) van, Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Schönhuth, A. (Alexander), Ye, K. (Kai), Guryev, V. (Victor), Bovenberg, J.A. (Jasper), Craen, A.J.M. (Anton) de, Beekman, M. (Marian), Hofman, A. (Albert), Willemsen, G. (Gonneke), Wolffenbuttel, B. (Bruce), Platteel, M. (Mathieu), Du, Y. (Yuanping), Chen, R. (Ruoyan), Cao, H. (Hongzhi), Cao, R. (Rui), Sun, Y. (Yushen), Cao, J.S. (Jeremy Sujie), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter), Dijkstra, M. (Martijn), Byelas, G. (George), Kanterakis, A. (Alexandros), Bot, J. (Jan), Vermaat, M. (Martijn), Laros, J.F.J. (Jeroen), Dunnen, J.T. (Johan) den, Knijff, P. (Peter) de, Karssen, L.C. (Lennart), van Leeuwen, E.M. (Elisa), Amin, N. (Najaf), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Estrada, K. (Karol), Hottenga, J.-J. (Jouke-Jan), Kattenberg, V.M. (Mathijs), Enckevort, D. (David) van, Mei, H. (Hailiang), Santcroos, M. (Mark), Schaik, B.D.C. (Barbera) van, Handsaker, R.E. (Robert), McCarroll, S.A. (Steven), Ko, A. (Arthur), Sudmant, P. (Peter), and Nijman, I.J. (Isaac)

Abstract

Structural variation (SV) represents a major source of differences between individual human genomes and has been linked to disease phenotypes. However, the majority of studies provide neither a global view of the full spectrum of these variants nor integrate them into reference panels of genetic variation. Here, we analyse whole genome sequencing data of 769 individuals from 250 Dutch families, and provide a haplotype-resolved map of 1.9 million genome variants across 9 different variant classes, including novel forms of complex indels, and retrotransposition-mediated insertions of mobile elements and processed RNAs. A large proportion are previously under reported variants sized between 21 and 100 bp. We detect 4 megabases of novel sequence, encoding 11 new transcripts. Finally, we show 191 known, trait-associated SNPs to be in strong linkage disequilibrium with SVs and demonstrate that our panel facilitates accurate imputation of SVs in unrelated individuals.

Published
2016
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8. A high-quality human reference panel reveals the complexity and distribution of genomic structural variants

Author

Hehir-Kwa, J.Y. (Jayne), Marschall, T. (Tobias), Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Francioli, L.C. (Laurent), Baaijens, J.A. (Jasmijn), Dijkstra, L.J. (Louis), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Koval, V. (Vyacheslav), Thung, (), D.T. (Djie Tjwan), Wardenaar, R. (René), Renkens, I. (Ivo), Coe, B.P. (Bradley), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Ligt, J. (Joep) de, Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Hormozdiari, F. (Fereydoun), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Swertz, M.A. (Morris), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Ommen, G.-J.B. (Gert-Jan) van, Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Schönhuth, A. (Alexander), Ye, K. (Kai), Guryev, V. (Victor), Bovenberg, J.A. (Jasper), Craen, A.J.M. (Anton) de, Beekman, M. (Marian), Hofman, A. (Albert), Willemsen, G. (Gonneke), Wolffenbuttel, B. (Bruce), Platteel, M. (Mathieu), Du, Y. (Yuanping), Chen, R. (Ruoyan), Cao, H. (Hongzhi), Cao, R. (Rui), Sun, Y. (Yushen), Cao, J.S. (Jeremy Sujie), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter), Dijkstra, M. (Martijn), Byelas, G. (George), Kanterakis, A. (Alexandros), Bot, J. (Jan), Vermaat, M. (Martijn), Laros, J.F.J. (Jeroen), Dunnen, J.T. (Johan) den, Knijff, P. (Peter) de, Karssen, L.C. (Lennart), van Leeuwen, E.M. (Elisa), Amin, N. (Najaf), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Estrada, K. (Karol), Hottenga, J.-J. (Jouke-Jan), Kattenberg, V.M. (Mathijs), Enckevort, D. (David) van, Mei, H. (Hailiang), Santcroos, M. (Mark), Schaik, B.D.C. (Barbera) van, Handsaker, R.E. (Robert), McCarroll, S.A. (Steven), Ko, A. (Arthur), Sudmant, P. (Peter), Nijman, I.J. (Isaac), Hehir-Kwa, J.Y. (Jayne), Marschall, T. (Tobias), Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Francioli, L.C. (Laurent), Baaijens, J.A. (Jasmijn), Dijkstra, L.J. (Louis), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Koval, V. (Vyacheslav), Thung, (), D.T. (Djie Tjwan), Wardenaar, R. (René), Renkens, I. (Ivo), Coe, B.P. (Bradley), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Ligt, J. (Joep) de, Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Hormozdiari, F. (Fereydoun), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Swertz, M.A. (Morris), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Ommen, G.-J.B. (Gert-Jan) van, Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Schönhuth, A. (Alexander), Ye, K. (Kai), Guryev, V. (Victor), Bovenberg, J.A. (Jasper), Craen, A.J.M. (Anton) de, Beekman, M. (Marian), Hofman, A. (Albert), Willemsen, G. (Gonneke), Wolffenbuttel, B. (Bruce), Platteel, M. (Mathieu), Du, Y. (Yuanping), Chen, R. (Ruoyan), Cao, H. (Hongzhi), Cao, R. (Rui), Sun, Y. (Yushen), Cao, J.S. (Jeremy Sujie), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter), Dijkstra, M. (Martijn), Byelas, G. (George), Kanterakis, A. (Alexandros), Bot, J. (Jan), Vermaat, M. (Martijn), Laros, J.F.J. (Jeroen), Dunnen, J.T. (Johan) den, Knijff, P. (Peter) de, Karssen, L.C. (Lennart), van Leeuwen, E.M. (Elisa), Amin, N. (Najaf), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Estrada, K. (Karol), Hottenga, J.-J. (Jouke-Jan), Kattenberg, V.M. (Mathijs), Enckevort, D. (David) van, Mei, H. (Hailiang), Santcroos, M. (Mark), Schaik, B.D.C. (Barbera) van, Handsaker, R.E. (Robert), McCarroll, S.A. (Steven), Ko, A. (Arthur), Sudmant, P. (Peter), and Nijman, I.J. (Isaac)

Abstract

Structural variation (SV) represents a major source of differences between individual human genomes and has been linked to disease phenotypes. However, the majority of studies provide neither a global view of the full spectrum of these variants nor integrate them into reference panels of genetic variation. Here, we analyse whole genome sequencing data of 769 individuals from 250 Dutch families, and provide a haplotype-resolved map of 1.9 million genome variants across 9 different variant classes, including novel forms of complex indels, and retrotransposition-mediated insertions of mobile elements and processed RNAs. A large proportion are previously under reported variants sized between 21 and 100 bp. We detect 4 megabases of novel sequence, encoding 11 new transcripts. Finally, we show 191 known, trait-associated SNPs to be in strong linkage disequilibrium with SVs and demonstrate that our panel facilitates accurate imputation of SVs in unrelated individuals.

Published
2016
Full Text
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9. Characteristics of de novo structural changes in the human genome

Author

Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Francioli, L.C. (Laurent), Hormozdiari, F. (Fereydoun), Marschall, T. (Tanja), Hehir-Kwa, J. (Jayne), Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Moed, H. (Heleen), Renkens, I. (Ivo), Van Roosmalen, M.J. (Markus J.), Arp, P.P. (Pascal), Coe, B.P. (Bradley P.), Handsaker, R.E. (Robert), Suchiman, E.D. (Eka D.), Cuppen, E. (Edwin), Thung, D.T. (Djie Tjwan), McVey, M. (Mitch), Wendl, M.C. (Michael C.), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Schönhuth, A. (Alexander), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Ye, K. (Kai), Guryev, V. (Victor), Van Ommen, G.-J.B. (Gert-Jan B.), Kloosterman, W.P. (Wigard), Francioli, L.C. (Laurent), Hormozdiari, F. (Fereydoun), Marschall, T. (Tanja), Hehir-Kwa, J. (Jayne), Lameijer, E.-W. (Eric-Wubbo), Moed, H. (Heleen), Renkens, I. (Ivo), Van Roosmalen, M.J. (Markus J.), Arp, P.P. (Pascal), Coe, B.P. (Bradley P.), Handsaker, R.E. (Robert), Suchiman, E.D. (Eka D.), Cuppen, E. (Edwin), Thung, D.T. (Djie Tjwan), McVey, M. (Mitch), Wendl, M.C. (Michael C.), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Schönhuth, A. (Alexander), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Bakker, P.I.W. (Paul) de, Ye, K. (Kai), Guryev, V. (Victor), and Van Ommen, G.-J.B. (Gert-Jan B.)

Abstract

Small insertions and deletions (indels) and large structural variations (SVs) are major contributors to human genetic diversity and disease. However, mutation rates and characteristics of de novo indels and SVs in the general population have remained largely unexplored. We report 332 validated de novo structural changes identified in whole genomes of 250 families, including complex indels, retrotransposon insertions, and interchromosomal events. These data indicate a mutation rate of 2.94 indels (120 bp) and 0.16 SVs (>20 bp) per generation. De novo structural changes affect on average 4.1 kbp of genomic sequence and 29 coding bases per generation, which is 91 and 52 times more nucleotides than de novo substitutions, respectively. This contrasts with the equal genomic footprint of inherited SVs and substitutions. An excess of structural changes originated on paternal haplotypes. Additionally, we observed a nonuniform distribution of de novo SVs across offspring. These results reveal the importance of different mutational mechanisms to changes in human genome structure across generations.

Published
2015
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