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7,994 results on '"Eichmann TO"'

1. Axial-vector and scalar contributions to hadronic light-by-light scattering

Author

Eichmann, Gernot, Fischer, Christian S., Haeuser, Tim, and Regenfelder, Oliver

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We present results for single axial-vector and scalar meson pole contributions to the hadronic light-by-light scattering (HLbL) part of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment. In the dispersive approach to these quantities (in narrow width approximation) the central inputs are the corresponding space-like electromagnetic transition form factors. We determine these directly using a functional approach to QCD by Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations in the very same setup we used previously to determine pseudo-scalar meson exchange ($\pi$, $\eta$ and $\eta'$) as well as meson ($\pi$ and $K$) box contributions. Particular care is taken to preserve gauge invariance and to comply with short distance constraints in both the form factors and the HLbL tensor. Our result for the contributions from a tower of axial-vector states including short distance constraints is $a_\mu^{\text{HLbL}}[\text{AV-tower+SDC}] = 27.5 \,(3.2) \times 10^{-11}$. For the combined contributions from $f_0(980), a_0(980), f_0(1370)$ and $a_0(1450)$ we find $a_\mu^{\text{HLbL}}[\text{scalar}] = -1.6 \,(5) \times 10^{-11}$., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024

2. Particle-in-cell simulations of the tearing instability for relativistic pair plasmas

Author

Schoeffler, K. M., Eichmann, B., Pucci, F., and Innocenti, M. E.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations explore the collisionless tearing instability developing in a Harris equilibrium configuration in a pair (electron-positron) plasma, with no guide field, for a range of parameters from non-relativistic to relativistic temperatures and drift velocities. Growth rates match predictions of Zelenyi & Krasnosel'skikh (1979) modified for relativistic drifts by Hoshino (2020) as long as the assumption holds that the thickness $a$ of the current sheet is larger than the Larmor radius $\rho_L$, with the fastest growing mode at $ka \approx 1/\sqrt{3}$. Aside from confirming these predictions, we explore the transitions from thick to thin current sheets and from classical to relativistic temperatures. We show that for thinner current sheets ($a< \rho_L$), the growth rate matches the prediction for the case $a=\rho_L$. We also explore the nonlinear evolution of the modes. While the wave number with the fastest growth rate initially matches the prediction of Zelenyi & Krasnosel'skikh (1979), these modes saturate moving the dominant mode to lower wave numbers (especially for thick current sheets with low growth rates). Furthermore, at a late, non-linear stage, the growth rate (initially following the growth rate prediction proportional to $(\rho_L/a)^{3/2} < 1$) increases faster than exponentially, reaching a maximum growth rate equivalent to the linear growth rate prediction at $\rho_L/a = 1$, before eventually saturating., Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures

Published
2024

3. The structure of open-flavour four-quark states in the charm and bottom region

Author

Hoffer, Joshua, Eichmann, Gernot, and Fischer, Christian S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present quantitative results for masses and the internal structure of four-quark states with two heavy quarks, i.e. $QQ'\bar{q}\bar{q}'$ with $Q,Q'\in \{c,b\}$ and $q,q' \in \{u,d,s\}$, and $J^{P} \in {1^+}$. The composition of these states in terms of meson-meson and diquark-antidiquark pairs, extracted from a relativistic four-body Faddeev-Yakubowski equation, is dynamically determined from underlying QCD forces. We find states at energy levels in very good agreement with lattice QCD and, where available, with experimental states. Their internal structure, most notably between the $T^+_{cc}$, $T^+_{bc}$ and $T^+_{bb}$, show significant and sizeable variations., Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, 4 appendices

Published
2024

4. High-energy neutrinos from the vicinity of the supermassive black hole in NGC 1068

Author

Padovani, P., Resconi, E., Ajello, M., Bellenghi, C., Bianchi, S., Blasi, P., Huang, K. -Y., Gabici, S., Rosas, V. Gámez, Niederhausen, H., Peretti, E., Eichmann, B., Guetta, D., Lamastra, A., and Shimizu, T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present a comprehensive multi-messenger study of NGC 1068, the prototype Seyfert II galaxy recently associated with high-energy IceCube neutrinos. Various aspects of the source, including its nuclear activity, jet, outflow, and starburst region, are analyzed in detail using a multi-wavelength approach and relevant luminosities are derived. We then explore its gamma-ray and neutrino emissions and investigate potential mechanisms underlying these phenomena and their relations with the different astrophysical components to try to understand which one is responsible for the IceCube neutrinos. By first using simple order-of-magnitude arguments and then applying specific theoretical models, we infer that only the region close to the accretion disc around the supermassive black hole has both the right density of X-ray photons needed to provide the targets for protons to sustain neutrino production and of optical/infrared photons required to absorb the associated but unobserved gamma rays. We conclude by highlighting ongoing efforts to constrain a possible broad connection between neutrinos and active galactic nuclei, as well as future synergies between astronomical and neutrino facilities., Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, review paper accepted for publication in Nature Astronomy; authors' version before editorial review. Revised version matches the title of the published paper; no other changes were made to the text

Published
2024

6. Optimal shapes for positivity preserving

Author

Eichmann, Sascha

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

We are looking for an optimal convex domain on which the boundary value problem $$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}(-\Delta)^2 u_\gamma-\gamma\Delta u_\gamma = f,& \mbox{ in }\Omega\\ u_\gamma=\partial_\nu u_\gamma=0,& \mbox{ on }\partial\Omega\end{array}\right.$$ admits a nonnegative solution for the most $\gamma$, if $f$ is a given nonnegative function.

Published
2024

7. Hidden-flavour four-quark states in the charm and bottom region

Author

Hoffer, Joshua, Eichmann, Gernot, and Fischer, Christian S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We discuss the spectrum and the internal composition of ground and excited four-quark states in the charm and bottom energy region. To this end we extend previous calculations within the framework of the relativistic four-body Faddeev-Yakubovsky equation to include quantum numbers with $J^{P C} = 0^{++} , 0^{-+} , 1^{--} , 1^{+-}$ and $1^{+ +}$ and study their internal composition in terms of heavy-light meson pairs, hadroquarkonia and diquark-antidiquark clusters. We observe similar patterns in the charm and bottom energy region with different compositions of the four-quark states depending on $J^{P C}$ quantum numbers. Most notably, we find that all states with $C \cdot P = +1$ are dominated by heavy-light meson contributions, whereas for axialvector states with $J^{P C} = 1^{+-}$ including the $Z_c (3900)$ we find a much more complicated picture depending on the flavour content. We systematically compare our results for the spectrum with existing experimental results and provide predictions for future analyses., Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures

Published
2024
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8. Improved long time existence for the Willmore flow of surfaces of revolution with Dirichlet data

Author

Eichmann, Sascha

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

To avoid possible singularities in the Willmore flow, one usually works under an energy threshold provided by the Li-Yau inequality. Here we improve this threshold by also considering parts outside of a possible singularity together with Dirichlet boundary data. We work in the class of surfaces of revolution., Comment: Independently and at the same time the same result was achieved by Schlierf in arXiv:2402.07755 . This is now acknowledged in the new version

Published
2024

9. Stromal Cell-SLIT3/Cardiomyocyte-ROBO1 Axis Regulates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy

Author

Liu, Xiaoxiao, Li, Baolei, Wang, Shuyun, Zhang, Erge, Schultz, Megan, Touma, Marlin, Da Rocha, Andre Monteiro, Evans, Sylvia M, Eichmann, Anne, Herron, Todd, Chen, Ruizhen, Xiong, Dingding, Jaworski, Alexander, Weiss, Stephen, and Si, Ming-Sing

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Genetics, Pediatric, Cardiovascular, Heart Disease, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Animals, Humans, Mice, Cardiomegaly, Cells, Cultured, Disease Models, Animal, Fibrosis, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Myocytes, Cardiac, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Receptors, Immunologic, Ventricular Remodeling, ROBO1, axon guidance, fibroblasts, fibrosis, myocytes, cardiac, stromal cells, ventricular pressure, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundRecently shown to regulate cardiac development, the secreted axon guidance molecule SLIT3 maintains its expression in the postnatal heart. Despite its known expression in the cardiovascular system after birth, SLIT3's relevance to cardiovascular function in the postnatal state remains unknown. As such, the objectives of this study were to determine the postnatal myocardial sources of SLIT3 and to evaluate its functional role in regulating the cardiac response to pressure overload stress.MethodsWe performed in vitro studies on cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue samples from patients and performed in vivo investigation with SLIT3 and ROBO1 (roundabout homolog 1) mutant mice undergoing transverse aortic constriction to establish the role of SLIT3-ROBO1 in adverse cardiac remodeling.ResultsWe first found that SLIT3 transcription was increased in myocardial tissue obtained from patients with congenital heart defects that caused ventricular pressure overload. Immunostaining of hearts from WT (wild-type) and reporter mice revealed that SLIT3 is secreted by cardiac stromal cells, namely fibroblasts and vascular mural cells, within the heart. Conditioned media from cardiac fibroblasts and vascular mural cells both stimulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro, an effect that was partially inhibited by an anti-SLIT3 antibody. Also, the N-terminal, but not the C-terminal, fragment of SLIT3 and the forced overexpression of SLIT3 stimulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the transcription of hypertrophy-related genes. We next determined that ROBO1 was the most highly expressed roundabout receptor in cardiomyocytes and that ROBO1 mediated SLIT3's hypertrophic effects in vitro. In vivo, Tcf21+ fibroblast and Tbx18+ vascular mural cell-specific knockout of SLIT3 in mice resulted in decreased left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis after transverse aortic constriction. Furthermore, α-MHC+ cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of ROBO1 also preserved left ventricular function and abrogated hypertrophy, but not fibrosis, after transverse aortic constriction.ConclusionsCollectively, these results indicate a novel role for the SLIT3-ROBO1-signaling axis in regulating postnatal cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by pressure overload.

Published
2024

10. HoLLiE C -- A Multifunctional Bimanual Mobile Robot Supporting Versatile Care Applications

Author

Steffen, Lea, Schulze, Martin, Eichmann, Christian, Koch, Robin, Hermann, Andreas, Mussulin, Rosa Frietsch, Graaf, Friedrich, Wilbrandt, Robert, Besselmann, Marvin Große, Roennau, Arne, and Dillmann, Rüdiger

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Care robotics as a research field has developed a lot in recent years, driven by the rapidly increasing need for it. However, these technologies are mostly limited to a very concrete and usually relatively simple use case. The bimanual robot House of Living Labs intelligent Escort (HoLLiE) includes an omnidirectional mobile platform. This paper presents how HoLLiE is adapted, by flexible software and hardware modules, for different care applications. The design goal of HoLLiE was to be human-like but abstract enough to ensure a high level of acceptance, which is very advantageous for its use in hospitals. After a short retrospect of previous generations of HoLLiE, it is highlighted how the current version is equipped with a variety of additional sensors and actuators to allow a wide range of possible applications. Then, the software stack of HoLLiE is depicted, with the focus on navigation and force sensitive intention recognition., Comment: 18th international conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems (IAS18 - 2023)

Published
2023

12. On the possible jet contribution to the ${\gamma}$-ray luminosity in NGC 1068

Author

Salvatore, S., Eichmann, B., Rodrigues, X., Dettmar, R. -J., and Tjus, J. Becker

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

NGC 1068 is a nearby widely studied Seyfert II galaxy presenting radio, infrared, X- and $\gamma$-ray emission as well as strong evidence for high-energy neutrino emission. Recently, the evidence for neutrino emission could be explained in a multimessenger model in which the neutrinos originate from the corona of the active galactic nucleus (AGN). In this environment $\gamma$-rays are strongly absorbed, so that an additional contribution from e.g. the circumnuclear starburst ring is necessary. In this work, we discuss whether the radio jet can be an alternative source of the $\gamma$-rays between about $0.1$ and $100$ GeV as observed by Fermi-LAT. In particular, we include both leptonic and hadronic processes, i.e. accounting for inverse Compton emission and signatures from $pp$ as well as $p\gamma$ interactions. In order to constrain our calculations, we use VLBA and ALMA observations of the radio knot structures, which are spatially resolved at different distances from the supermassive black hole. Our results show that the best leptonic scenario for the prediction of the Fermi-LAT data is provided by the radio knot closest to the central engine. For that a magnetic field strength $\sim 1\,\text{mG}$ is needed as well as a strong spectral softening of the relativistic electron distribution at $(1-10)\,\text{GeV}$. However, we show that neither such a weak magnetic field strength nor such a strong softening is expected for that knot. A possible explanation for the $\sim$ 10 GeV $\gamma$-rays can be provided by hadronic pion production in case of a gas density $\gtrsim 10^4\,\text{cm}^{-3}$. Nonetheless, this process cannot contribute significantly to the low energy end of the Fermi-LAT range. We conclude that the emission sites in the jet are not able to explain the $\gamma$-rays in the whole Fermi-LAT energy band.

Published
2023
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13. Bound states from the spectral Bethe-Salpeter equation

Author

Eichmann, Gernot, Gómez, Andrés, Horak, Jan, Pawlowski, Jan M., Wessely, Jonas, and Wink, Nicolas

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We compute the bound state properties of three-dimensional scalar $\phi^4$ theory in the broken phase. To this end, we extend the recently developed technique of spectral Dyson-Schwinger equations to solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation and determine the bound state spectrum. We employ consistent truncations for the two-, three- and four-point functions of the theory that recover the scaling properties in the infinite coupling limit. Our result for the mass of the lowest-lying bound state in this limit agrees very well with lattice determinations., Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures

Published
2023

14. Modified temperature redshift relation and UHECR propagation

Author

Meinert, Janning, Morejón, Leonel, Sandrock, Alexander, Eichmann, Björn, Kreidelmeyer, Jonas, and Kampert, Karl-Heinz

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We re-examine the interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with photons from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) under a changed, locally non-linear temperature redshift relation $T(z)$. This changed temperature redshift relation has recently been suggested by the postulate of subjecting thermalised and isotropic photon gases such as the CMB to an SU(2) rather than a U(1) gauge group. This modification of $\Lambda$CDM is called SU(2)$_{\rm CMB}$, and some cosmological parameters obtained by SU(2)$_{\rm CMB}$ seem to be in better agreement with local measurements of the same quantities, in particular $H_0$ and S$_8$. In this work, we apply the reduced CMB photon density under SU(2)$_{\rm CMB}$ to the propagation of UHECRs. This leads to a higher UHECR flux just below the ankle in the cosmic ray spectrum and slightly more cosmogenic neutrinos under otherwise equal conditions for emission and propagation. Most prominently, the proton flux is significantly increased below the ankle ($5\times10^{18}$ eV) for hard injection spectra and without considering the effects of magnetic fields. The reduction in CMB photon density also favours a decreased cosmic ray source evolution than the best fit using $\Lambda$CDM. In consequence, it seems that SU(2)$_{\rm CMB}$ favours sources that evolve as the star formation rate (SFR), like starburst galaxies (SBG) and gamma-ray bursts (GRB), over active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as origins of UHECRs. We conclude that the question about the nature of primary sources of UHECRs is directly affected by the assumed temperature redshift relation of the CMB., Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures

Published
2023

15. Strong interaction physics at the luminosity frontier with 22 GeV electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author

Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M., Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, L., Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J.-P., Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z.-F., D’Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., de Paula, W., de Téramond, G. F., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J., Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K., Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G.-P., Girod, F.-X., Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F.-K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J.-O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Hiller Blin, A. N., Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E., Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, D. J., Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C.-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D., Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H.-W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L., Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z.-E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B., Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J.-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S.-X., Qiu, J.-W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D., Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J.-M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M., Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C., Seay, D. A., Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S., Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A.-S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X.-B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S.-S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C.-P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., and Zihlmann, B.

Published
2024
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16. Improved convective cloud differential (CCD) tropospheric ozone from S5P-TROPOMI satellite data using local cloud fields

Author

S. Maratt Satheesan, K.-U. Eichmann, J. P. Burrows, M. Weber, R. Stauffer, A. M. Thompson, and D. Kollonige

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

We present the CHORA (Cloud Height Ozone Reference Algorithm) for retrieving tropospheric-ozone columns from S5P-TROPOMI (Sentinel-5 Precursor–TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument). The method uses a local-cloud reference sector (CLC – CHORA Local Cloud) to determine the stratospheric (above-cloud) column, which is subtracted from the total column in clear-sky scenes in the same zonal band to retrieve the tropospheric column. The standard CCD (convective cloud differential) approach uses cloud data from the Pacific region (CPC – CHORA Pacific Cloud) instead. An important assumption for the standard method is the zonal invariance of stratospheric ozone. The local-cloud approach is the first step to diminish this constraint in order to extend the CCD method to mid-latitudes, where stratospheric-ozone variability is larger. An iterative approach has been developed for the automatic selection of an optimal local-cloud reference sector around each retrieval grid box varying latitudinally by ± 1° and longitudinally between ± 5 and ± 50°. The optimised CLCT (CHORA Local Cloud Theil–Sen) algorithm, a follow-up from the CLC, employs a homogeneity criterion for total ozone from the cloud reference sector in order to overcome the inhomogeneities in stratospheric ozone. It directly estimates the above-cloud column ozone for a common reference altitude of 270 hPa using the Theil–Sen regression. The latter allows for the combination of the CCD method with the cloud-slicing algorithm that retrieves upper-tropospheric ozone volume mixing ratios. Monthly averaged tropospheric-column ozone (TCO) using the Pacific cloud reference sector (CPC) and the local-cloud reference sector (CLC, CLCT) has been determined over the tropics and subtropics (26° S–22° N) using TROPOMI for the time period from 2018 to 2022. The accuracy of the various methods was investigated by means of comparisons with spatially collocated NASA/GSFC SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes) measurements and the ESA TROPOMI level-2 tropospheric-ozone product. At eight out of nine tropical stations, tropospheric-ozone columns using the CLCT yield better agreement with ozonesondes than the CPC. In the tropical region (20° S–20° N), the CLCT shows a significantly lower overall mean bias and dispersion of 1 ± 7 %, outperforming both the CPC (12 ± 10 %) and CCD-ESA (22 ± 10 %). The CLCT surpasses the ESA operational product, providing more accurate tropospheric-ozone retrievals at eight out of nine stations in the tropics. For the Hilo station, with a larger stratospheric-ozone variability due to its proximity to the subtropics, the bias of +30 % (CPC) is effectively reduced to −5 % (CLCT). Similarly, in the subtropics (Reunion, Irene, Hanoi, and King's Park), the CLCT algorithm provides an overall bias and scatter of −11 ± 9 % with respect to sondes. The CLCT effectively reduces the impact of stratospheric-ozone inhomogeneity, typically at higher latitudes. These results demonstrate the advantage of the local-cloud reference sector in the subtropics. The algorithm is therefore an important basis for subsequent systematic applications in current and future missions of geostationary satellites, like GEMS (Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer, Korea), ESA Sentinel-4, and NASA TEMPO (Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of POllution), predominantly covering the middle latitudes.

Published
2024
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17. CRPropa 3.2: a public framework for high-energy astroparticle simulations

Author

Aerdker, Sophie, Batista, Rafael Alves, Tjus, Julia Becker, Dörner, Julien, Dundovic, Andrej, Eichmann, Björn, Frie, Antonius, Heiter, Christopher, Hoerbe, Mario, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Merten, Lukas, Müller, Gero, Reichherzer, Patrick, Rossoni, Simone, Saveliev, Andrey, Schlegel, Leander, Sigl, Günter, van Vliet, Arjen, and Winchen, Tobias

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

CRPropa is a Monte Carlo framework for simulating the propagation of (ultra-) high-energy particles in the Universe, including cosmic rays, gamma rays, electrons, and neutrinos. It covers energies from ZeV down to GeV for gamma rays and electrons, and TeV for cosmic rays and neutrinos, supporting various astrophysical environments such as the surroundings of astrophysical sources, galactic, and extragalactic environments. The newest version, CRPropa 3.2, represents a significant leap forward towards a universal multi-messenger framework, opening up the possibility for many more astrophysical applications. This includes extensions to simulate cosmic-ray acceleration and particle interactions within astrophysical source environments, a full Monte Carlo treatment of electromagnetic cascades, improved ensemble-averaged Galactic propagation, significant performance improvements for cosmic-ray tracking through magnetic fields, and a user-friendly implementation of custom photon fields, among many more enhancements. This contribution will give an overview of the new features and present several applications to cosmic-ray and gamma-ray propagation., Comment: PoS 444 (38th ICRC) (2023) 1471

Published
2023
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18. Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author

Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avagyan, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F, Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J, Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M, Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, Lei, Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J-P, Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z. -F., D'Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J, Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K, Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G. -P., Girod, F-X, Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F. -K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E, Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G, Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, DJ, Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D, Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L, Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A, Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B, Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S. -X., Qiu, J. -W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D, Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J. -M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M, Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C, Seay, D. A, Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S, Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P, Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A. -S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X. -B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S. -S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C. -P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z. W., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., Zihlmann, B., de Paula, W, and de Téramond, G. F.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena., Comment: Updates to the list of authors; Preprint number changed from theory to experiment; Updates to sections 4 and 6, including additional figures

Published
2023

22. Compartmentalized ocular lymphatic system mediates eye–brain immunity

Author

Yin, Xiangyun, Zhang, Sophia, Lee, Ju Hyun, Dong, Huiping, Mourgkos, George, Terwilliger, Gordon, Kraus, Aurora, Geraldo, Luiz Henrique, Poulet, Mathilde, Fischer, Suzanne, Zhou, Ting, Mohammed, Farrah Shalima, Zhou, Jiangbing, Wang, Yongfu, Malloy, Seth, Rohner, Nicolas, Sharma, Lokesh, Salinas, Irene, Eichmann, Anne, Thomas, Jean-Leon, Saltzman, W. Mark, Huttner, Anita, Zeiss, Caroline, Ring, Aaron, Iwasaki, Akiko, and Song, Eric

Published
2024
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24. The case for an EIC Theory Alliance: Theoretical Challenges of the EIC

Author

Abir, Raktim, Akushevich, Igor, Altinoluk, Tolga, Anderle, Daniele Paolo, Aslan, Fatma P., Bacchetta, Alessandro, Balantekin, Baha, Barata, Joao, Battaglieri, Marco, Bertulani, Carlos A., Beuf, Guillaume, Bissolotti, Chiara, Boer, Daniël, Boglione, M., Boughezal, Radja, Braaten, Eric, Brambilla, Nora, Braun, Vladimir, Byer, Duane, Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni, Chien, Yang-Ting, Cloët, Ian C., Constantinou, Martha, Cosyn, Wim, Courtoy, Aurore, Czajka, Alexander, D'Alesio, Umberto, Bozzi, Giuseppe, Danilkin, Igor, Das, Debasish, de Florian, Daniel, Delgado, Andrea, de Melo, J. P. B. C., Detmold, William, Döring, Michael, Dumitru, Adrian, Echevarria, Miguel G., Edwards, Robert, Eichmann, Gernot, El-Bennich, Bruno, Engelhardt, Michael, Fernandez-Ramirez, Cesar, Fischer, Christian, Fox, Geofrey, Freese, Adam, Gamberg, Leonard, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Giacosa, Francesco, da Silveira, Gustavo Gil, Glazier, Derek, Goncalves, Victor P., Grossberndt, Silas, Guo, Feng-Kun, Gupta, Rajan, Hatta, Yoshitaka, Hentschinski, Martin, Blin, Astrid Hiller, Hobbs, Timothy, Ilyichev, Alexander, Jalilian-Marian, Jamal, Ji, Chueng-Ryong, Jia, Shuo, Kang, Zhong-Bo, Karki, Bishnu, Ke, Weiyao, Khachatryan, Vladimir, Kharzeev, Dmitri, Klein, Spencer R., Korepin, Vladimir, Kovchegov, Yuri, Kriesten, Brandon, Kumano, Shunzo, Lai, Wai Kin, Lebed, Richard, Lee, Christopher, Lee, Kyle, Li, Hai Tao, Liao, Jifeng, Lin, Huey-Wen, Liu, Keh-Fei, Liuti, Simonetta, Lorcé, Cédric, Machado, Magno V. T., Mantysaari, Heikki, Mathieu, Vincent, Mathur, Nilmani, Mehtar-Tani, Yacine, Melnitchouk, Wally, Mereghetti, Emanuele, Metz, Andreas, Michel, Johannes K. L., Miller, Gerald, Mkrtchyan, Hamlet, Mukherjee, Asmita, Mukherjee, Swagato, Mulders, Piet, Munier, Stéphane, Murgia, Francesco, Nadolsky, P. M., Negele, John W, Neill, Duff, Nemchik, Jan, Nocera, E., Okorokov, Vitalii, Olness, Fredrick, Pasquini, Barbara, Peng, Chao, Petreczky, Peter, Petriello, Frank, Pilloni, Alessandro, Pire, Bernard, Pisano, Cristian, Pitonyak, Daniel, Praszalowicz, Michal, Prokudin, Alexei, Qiu, Jianwei, Radici, Marco, Raya, Khépani, Ringer, Felix, West, Jennifer Rittenhouse, Rodas, Arkaitz, Rodini, Simone, Rojo, Juan, Salazar, Farid, Santopinto, Elena, Sargsian, Misak, Sato, Nobuo, Schenke, Bjoern, Schindler, Stella, Schnell, Gunar, Schweitzer, Peter, Scimemi, Ignazio, Segovia, Jorge, Semenov-Tian-Shansky, Kirill, Shanahan, Phiala, Shao, Ding-Yu, Sievert, Matt, Signori, Andrea, Singh, Rajeev, Skokov, Vladi, Song, Qin-Tao, Srednyak, Stanislav, Stewart, Iain W., Sufian, Raza Sabbir, Swanson, Eric, Syritsyn, Sergey, Szczepaniak, Adam, Sznajder, Pawel, Tandogan, Asli, Tawabutr, Yossathorn, Tawfik, A., Terry, John, Toll, Tobias, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Twagirayezu, Fidele, Venugopalan, Raju, Vitev, Ivan, Vladimirov, Alexey, Vogelsang, Werner, Vogt, Ramona, Vujanovic, Gojko, Waalewijn, Wouter, Wang, Xiang-Peng, Xiao, Bo-Wen, Xing, Hongxi, Yang, Yi-Bo, Yao, Xiaojun, Yuan, Feng, Zhao, Yong, and Zurita, Pia

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We outline the physics opportunities provided by the Electron Ion Collider (EIC). These include the study of the parton structure of the nucleon and nuclei, the onset of gluon saturation, the production of jets and heavy flavor, hadron spectroscopy and tests of fundamental symmetries. We review the present status and future challenges in EIC theory that have to be addressed in order to realize this ambitious and impactful physics program, including how to engage a diverse and inclusive workforce. In order to address these many-fold challenges, we propose a coordinated effort involving theory groups with differing expertise is needed. We discuss the scientific goals and scope of such an EIC Theory Alliance., Comment: 44 pages, ReVTeX, White Paper on EIC Theory Alliance

Published
2023

25. Heavy baryon spectroscopy in a quark-diquark approach

Author

Torcato, A., Arriaga, A., Eichmann, G., and Peña, M. T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We report progress on calculations of the heavy-light baryons $\Sigma_c$ and $\Lambda_c$ and their excitations with $J^P = 1/2^+$ using functional methods. We employ a covariant quark-diquark approach, where the interaction amounts to a quark exchange between quarks and diquarks and the ingredients are determined from the quark level. A partial-wave analysis reveals the presence of orbital angular momentum components in terms of p waves, which are non-relativistically suppressed., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of conference Baryons 2022 -- International Conference on the Structure of Baryons

Published
2023
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26. Notch signaling regulates UNC5B to suppress endothelial proliferation, migration, junction activity, and retinal plexus branching

Author

Qanber Raza, Taliha Nadeem, Seock-Won Youn, Bhairavi Swaminathan, Ahana Gupta, Timothy Sargis, Jing Du, Henar Cuervo, Anne Eichmann, Susan L. Ackerman, L. A. Naiche, and Jan Kitajewski

Subjects
Retinal angiogenesis, Notch effectors, UNC5B, Endothelial proliferation, Endothelial migration, Cell–cell adhesion, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Notch signaling guides vascular development and function by regulating diverse endothelial cell behaviors, including migration, proliferation, vascular density, endothelial junctions, and polarization in response to flow. Notch proteins form transcriptional activation complexes that regulate endothelial gene expression, but few of the downstream effectors that enable these phenotypic changes have been characterized in endothelial cells, limiting our understanding of vascular Notch activities. Using an unbiased screen of translated mRNA rapidly regulated by Notch signaling, we identified novel in vivo targets of Notch signaling in neonatal mouse brain endothelium, including UNC5B, a member of the netrin family of angiogenic-regulatory receptors. Endothelial Notch signaling rapidly upregulates UNC5B in multiple endothelial cell types. Loss or gain of UNC5B recapitulated specific Notch-regulated phenotypes. UNC5B expression inhibited endothelial migration and proliferation and was required for stabilization of endothelial junctions in response to shear stress. Loss of UNC5B partially or wholly blocked the ability of Notch activation to regulate these endothelial cell behaviors. In the developing mouse retina, endothelial-specific loss of UNC5B led to excessive vascularization, including increased vascular outgrowth, density, and branchpoint count. These data indicate that Notch signaling upregulates UNC5B as an effector protein to control specific endothelial cell behaviors and inhibit angiogenic growth.

Published
2024
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27. Crowd-sourced machine learning prediction of long COVID using data from the National COVID Cohort CollaborativeResearch in context

Author

Timothy Bergquist, Johanna Loomba, Emily Pfaff, Fangfang Xia, Zixuan Zhao, Yitan Zhu, Elliot Mitchell, Biplab Bhattacharya, Gaurav Shetty, Tamanna Munia, Grant Delong, Adbul Tariq, Zachary Butzin-Dozier, Yunwen Ji, Haodong Li, Jeremy Coyle, Seraphina Shi, Rachael V. Philips, Andrew Mertens, Romain Pirracchio, Mark van der Laan, John M. Colford, Jr., Alan Hubbard, Jifan Gao, Guanhua Chen, Neelay Velingker, Ziyang Li, Yinjun Wu, Adam Stein, Jiani Huang, Zongyu Dai, Qi Long, Mayur Naik, John Holmes, Danielle Mowery, Eric Wong, Ravi Parekh, Emily Getzen, Jake Hightower, Jennifer Blase, Ataes Aggarwal, Joseph Agor, Amera Al-Amery, Oluwatobiloba Aminu, Adit Anand, Corneliu Antonescu, Mehak Arora, Sayed Asaduzzaman, Tanner Asmussen, Mahdi Baghbanzadeh, Frazier Baker, Bridget Bangert, Laila Bekhet, Jenny Blase, Brian Caffo, Hao Chang, Zeyuan Chen, Jiandong Chen, Jeffrey Chiang, Peter Cho, Robert Cockrell, Parker Combs, Ciara Crosby, Ran Dai, Anseh Danesharasteh, Elif Yildirim, Ryan Demilt, Kaiwen Deng, Sanjoy Dey, Rohan Dhamdhere, Andrew Dickson, Phoebe Dijour, Dong Dinh, Richard Dixon, Albi Domi, Souradeep Dutta, Mirna Elizondo, Zeynep Ertem, Solomon Feuerwerker, Danica Fliss, Jennifer Fowler, Sunyang Fu, Kelly Gardner, Neil Getty, Mohamed Ghalwash, Logan Gloster, Phil Greer, Yuanfang Guan, Colby Ham, Samer Hanoudi, Jeremy Harper, Nathaniel Hendrix, Leeor Hershkovich, Junjie Hu, Yu Huang, Tongtong Huang, Junguk Hur, Monica Isgut, Hamid Ismail, Grant Izmirlian, Kuk Jang, Christianah Jemiyo, Hayoung Jeong, Xiayan Ji, Ming Jiang, Sihang Jiang, Xiaoqian Jiang, Yuye Jiang, Akin Johnson, Zach Analyst, Saarthak Kapse, Uri Kartoun, Dukka KC, Zahra Fard, Tim Kosfeld, Spencer Krichevsky, Mike Kuo, Dale Larie, Lauren Lederer, Shan Leng, Hongyang Li, Jianfu Li, Tiantian Li, Xinwen Liang, Hengyue Liang, Feifan Liu, Daniel Liu, Gang Luo, Ravi Madduri, Vithal Madhira, Shivali Mani, Farzaneh Mansourifard, Robert Matson, Vangelis Metsis, Pablo Meyer, Catherine Mikhailova, Dante Miller, Christopher Milo, Gourav Modanwal, Ronald Moore, David Morgenthaler, Rasim Musal, Vinit Nalawade, Rohan Narain, Saideep Narendrula, Alena Obiri, Satoshi Okawa, Chima Okechukwu, Toluwanimi Olorunnisola, Tim Ossowski, Harsh Parekh, Jean Park, Saaya Patel, Jason Patterson, Chetan Paul, Le Peng, Diana Perkins, Suresh Pokharel, Dmytro Poplavskiy, Zach Pryor, Sarah Pungitore, Hong Qin, Salahaldeen Rababa, Mahbubur Rahman, Elior Rahmani, Gholamali Rahnavard, Md Raihan, Suraj Rajendran, Sarangan Ravichandran, Chandan Reddy, Abel Reyes, Ali Roghanizad, Sean Rouffa, Xiaoyang Ruan, Arpita Saha, Sahil Sawant, Melody Schiaffino, Diego Seira, Saurav Sengupta, Ruslan Shalaev, Linh Shinguyen, Karnika Singh, Soumya Sinha, Damien Socia, Halen Stalians, Charalambos Stavropoulos, Jan Strube, Devika Subramanian, Jiehuan Sun, Ju Sun, Chengkun Sun, Prathic Sundararajan, Salmonn Talebi, Edward Tawiah, Jelena Tesic, Mikaela Thiess, Raymond Tian, Luke Torre-Healy; Ming-Tse Tsai, David Tyus, Madhurima Vardhan, Benjamin Walzer, Jacob Walzer, Junda Wang, Lu Wang, Will Wang, Jonathan Wang, Yisen Wang, Chad Weatherly, Fanyou Wu, Yifeng Wu, Hao Yan, Zhichao Yang, Biao Ye, Rui Yin, Changyu Yin, Yun Yoo, Albert You, June Yu, Martin Zanaj, Zachary Zaiman, Kai Zhang, Xiaoyi Zhang, Tianmai Zhang, Degui Zhi, Yishan Zhong, Huixue Zhou, Andrea Zhou, Yuanda Zhu, Sophie Zhu, Meredith Adams, Caleb Alexander, Benjamin Amor, Alfred Anzalone, Benjamin Bates, Will Beasley, Tellen Bennett, Mark Bissell, Eilis Boudreau, Samuel Bozzette, Katie Bradwell, Carolyn Bramante, Don Brown, Penny Burgoon, John Buse, Tiffany Callahan, Kenrick Cato, Scott Chapman, Christopher Chute, Jaylyn Clark, Marshall Clark, Will Cooper, Lesley Cottrell, Karen Crowley, Mariam Deacy, Christopher Dillon, David Eichmann, Mary Emmett, Rebecca Erwin-Cohen, Patricia Francis, Evan French, Rafael Fuentes, Davera Gabriel, Joel Gagnier, Nicole Garbarini, Jin Ge, Kenneth Gersing, Andrew Girvin, Valery Gordon, Alexis Graves, Justin Guinney, Melissa Haendel, J.W. Hayanga, Brian Hendricks, Wenndy Hernandez, Elaine Hill, William Hillegass, Stephanie Hong, Dan Housman, Robert Hurley, Jessica Islam, Randeep Jawa, Steve Johnson, Rishi Kamaleswaran, Warren Kibbe, Farrukh Koraishy, Kristin Kostka, Michael Kurilla, Adam Lee, Harold Lehmann, Hongfang Liu, Charisse Madlock-Brown; Sandeep Mallipattu, Amin Manna, Federico Mariona, Emily Marti, Greg Martin, Jomol Mathew, Diego Mazzotti, Julie McMurry, Hemalkumar Mehta, Sam Michael, Robert Miller, Leonie Misquitta, Richard Moffitt, Michele Morris, Kimberly Murray, Lavance Northington, Shawn O’Neil, Amy Olex, Matvey Palchuk, Brijesh Patel, Rena Patel, Philip Payne, Jami Pincavitch, Lili Portilla, Fred Prior, Saiju Pyarajan, Lee Pyles, Nabeel Qureshi, Peter Robinson, Joni Rutter, Ofer Sadan, Nasia Safdar, Amit Saha, Joel Saltz, Mary Saltz, Clare Schmitt, Soko Setoguchi, Noha Sharafeldin, Anjali Sharathkumar, Usman Sheikh, Hythem Sidky, George Sokos, Andrew Southerland, Heidi Spratt, Justin Starren, Vignesh Subbian, Christine Suver, Cliff Takemoto, Meredith Temple-O'Connor, Umit Topaloglu, Satyanarayana Vedula, Anita Walden, Kellie Walters, Cavin Ward-Caviness, Adam Wilcox, Ken Wilkins, Andrew Williams, Chunlei Wu, Elizabeth Zampino, Xiaohan Zhang, and Richard Zhu

Subjects
Long COVID, PASC, Machine learning, COVID-19, Evaluation, Community challenge, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: While many patients seem to recover from SARS-CoV-2 infections, many patients report experiencing SARS-CoV-2 symptoms for weeks or months after their acute COVID-19 ends, even developing new symptoms weeks after infection. These long-term effects are called post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or, more commonly, Long COVID. The overall prevalence of Long COVID is currently unknown, and tools are needed to help identify patients at risk for developing long COVID. Methods: A working group of the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-radical (RADx-rad) program, comprised of individuals from various NIH institutes and centers, in collaboration with REsearching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) developed and organized the Long COVID Computational Challenge (L3C), a community challenge aimed at incentivizing the broader scientific community to develop interpretable and accurate methods for identifying patients at risk of developing Long COVID. From August 2022 to December 2022, participants developed Long COVID risk prediction algorithms using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data enclave, a harmonized data repository from over 75 healthcare institutions from across the United States (U.S.). Findings: Over the course of the challenge, 74 teams designed and built 35 Long COVID prediction models using the N3C data enclave. The top 10 teams all scored above a 0.80 Area Under the Receiver Operator Curve (AUROC) with the highest scoring model achieving a mean AUROC of 0.895. Included in the top submission was a visualization dashboard that built timelines for each patient, updating the risk of a patient developing Long COVID in response to clinical events. Interpretation: As a result of L3C, federal reviewers identified multiple machine learning models that can be used to identify patients at risk for developing Long COVID. Many of the teams used approaches in their submissions which can be applied to future clinical prediction questions. Funding: Research reported in this RADx® Rad publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health. Timothy Bergquist, Johanna Loomba, and Emily Pfaff were supported by Axle Subcontract: NCATS-STSS-P00438.

Published
2024
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31. HoLLiE C—A Multifunctional Bimanual Mobile Robot Supporting Versatile Care Applications

Author

Steffen, Lea, Schulze, Martin, Eichmann, Christian, Koch, Robin, Hermann, Andreas, Frietsch Mussulin, Rosa, Graaf, Friedrich, Wilbrandt, Robert, Große Besselmann, Marvin, Roennau, Arne, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Lee, Soon-Geul, editor, An, Jinung, editor, Chong, Nak Young, editor, Strand, Marcus, editor, and Kim, Joo H., editor

Published
2024
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32. Impact of the finite life-time of UHECR sources

Author

Eichmann, Björn and Kachelrieß, Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The observational data on ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECR), in particular their mass composition, show strong indications for extremely hard spectra of individual mass groups of CR nuclei at Earth. In this work, we show that such hard spectra can be the result of the finite life-time of UHECR sources, if a few individual sources dominate the UHECR flux at the highest energies. In this case, time delays induced by deflections in the turbulent extragalactic magnetic field as well as from the diffusive or advective escape from the source environment can suppress low-energy CRs, leading to a steepening of the observed spectrum. Considering radio galaxies as the main source of UHECRs, we discuss the necessary conditions that few individual sources dominate over the total contribution from the bulk of sources that have been active in the past. We provide two proof-of-principle scenarios showing that for a turbulent extragalactic magnetic field with a strength $B$ and a coherence length $l_{\rm coh}$, the life-time of a source at a distance $d_{\rm src}$ should satisfy ${t_{\rm act} \sim \left( B/1\,\text{nG} \right)^2\,\left( d_{\rm src}/10\,\text{Mpc} \right)^2\,\left( l_{\rm coh}/1\,\text{Mpc} \right)\,\text{Myr}}$ to obtain the necessary hardening of the CR spectrum at Earth.

Published
2022
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33. Serine synthesis and catabolism in starved lung cancer and primary bronchial epithelial cells

Author

Theresa Haitzmann, Katharina Schindlmaier, Tobias Frech, Ayusi Mondal, Visnja Bubalo, Barbara Konrad, Gabriele Bluemel, Philipp Stiegler, Stefanie Lackner, Andelko Hrzenjak, Thomas Eichmann, Harald C. Köfeler, and Katharina Leithner

Subjects
Lung cancer, Metabolism, Serine, Glycine, Starvation, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Serine and glycine give rise to important building blocks in proliferating cells. Both amino acids are either synthesized de novo or taken up from the extracellular space. In lung cancer, serine synthesis gene expression is variable, yet, expression of the initial enzyme, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), was found to be associated with poor prognosis. While the contribution of de novo synthesis to serine pools has been shown to be enhanced by serine starvation, the impact of glucose deprivation, a commonly found condition in solid cancers is poorly understood. Here, we utilized a stable isotopic tracing approach to assess serine and glycine de novo synthesis and uptake in different lung cancer cell lines and normal bronchial epithelial cells in variable serine, glycine, and glucose conditions. Under low glucose supplementation (0.2 mM, 3–5% of normal plasma levels), serine de novo synthesis was maintained or even activated. As previously reported, also gluconeogenesis supplied carbons from glutamine to serine and glycine under these conditions. Unexpectedly, low glucose treatment consistently enhanced serine to glycine conversion, along with an up-regulation of the mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism enzymes, serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD2). The relative contribution of de novo synthesis greatly increased in low serine/glycine conditions. In bronchial epithelial cells, adaptations occurred in a similar fashion as in cancer cells, but serine synthesis and serine to glycine conversion, as assessed by label enrichments and gene expression levels, were generally lower than in (PHGDH positive) cancer cells. In summary, we found a variable contribution of glucose or non-glucose carbon sources to serine and glycine and a high adaptability of the downstream one-carbon metabolism pathway to variable glucose supply.

Published
2024
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34. Isolated-core quadrupole excitation of highly excited autoionizing Rydberg states

Author

Génévriez, M. and Eichmann, U.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

The structure and photoexcitation dynamics of high lying doubly excited states of the strontium atom with high angular momenta are studied in the vicinity of the Sr$^+(N=5)$ threshold. The spectra recorded using resonant multiphoton isolated core excitation are analyzed with calculations based on configuration interaction with exterior complex scaling, which treats the correlated motion of the two valence electrons of Sr from first principles. The results are rationalized with a model based on multichannel quantum-defect theory and transition dipole moments calculated with a perturbative treatment of electron correlations. Together, both approaches reveal that most of the lines observed in the spectra arise from the interaction of a single optically active state, coupled to the initial state by an electric-dipole transition, with entire doubly-excited Rydberg series. The long-range electron correlations responsible for this interaction unexpectedly vanish for identical values of the initial and final principal quantum numbers, a fact related to the quasi hydrogenic nature of the high-$l$ Rydberg electron. This special situation, and in particular the vanishing interaction, leads to the surprising observation of an electric \emph{quadrupole} isolated-core excitation with a similar intensity as the neighboring electric dipole transitions., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022
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35. CRPropa 3.2 -- an advanced framework for high-energy particle propagation in extragalactic and galactic spaces

Author

Batista, Rafael Alves, Tjus, Julia Becker, Dörner, Julien, Dundovic, Andrej, Eichmann, Björn, Frie, Antonius, Heiter, Christopher, Hoerbe, Mario R., Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Merten, Lukas, Müller, Gero, Reichherzer, Patrick, Saveliev, Andrey, Schlegel, Leander, Sigl, Günter, van Vliet, Arjen, and Winchen, Tobias

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The landscape of high- and ultra-high-energy astrophysics has changed in the last decade, largely due to the inflow of data collected by large-scale cosmic-ray, gamma-ray, and neutrino observatories. At the dawn of the multimessenger era, the interpretation of these observations within a consistent framework is important to elucidate the open questions in this field. CRPropa 3.2 is a Monte Carlo code for simulating the propagation of high-energy particles in the Universe. This version represents a major leap forward, significantly expanding the simulation framework and opening up the possibility for many more astrophysical applications. This includes, among others: efficient simulation of high-energy particles in diffusion-dominated domains, self-consistent and fast modelling of electromagnetic cascades with an extended set of channels for photon production, and studies of cosmic-ray diffusion tensors based on updated coherent and turbulent magnetic-field models. Furthermore, several technical updates and improvements are introduced with the new version, such as: enhanced interpolation, targeted emission of sources, and a new propagation algorithm (Boris push). The detailed description of all novel features is accompanied by a discussion and a selected number of example applications., Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures

Published
2022
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36. Solving the multi-messenger puzzle of the AGN-starburst composite galaxy NGC 1068

Author

Eichmann, Björn, Oikonomou, Foteini, Salvatore, Silvia, Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen, and Tjus, Julia Becker

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Multi-wavelength observations indicate that some starburst galaxies show a dominant non-thermal contribution from their central region. These active galactic nuclei (AGN)-starburst composites are of special interest, as both phenomena on their own are potential sources of highly-energetic cosmic rays and associated gamma-ray and neutrino emission. In this work, a homogeneous, steady-state two-zone multi-messenger model of the non-thermal emission from the AGN corona as well as the circumnuclear starburst region is developed and subsequently applied to the case of NGC 1068, which has recently shown some first indications of high-energy neutrino emission. Here, we show that the entire spectrum of multi-messenger data - from radio to gamma-rays including the neutrino constraint - can be described very well if both, starburst and AGN corona, are taken into account. Using only a single emission region is not sufficient.

Published
2022
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38. Macrophages preserve endothelial cell specialization in the adrenal gland to modulate aldosterone secretion and blood pressure

Author

Zheng Fan, Mara Karakone, Shunmugam Nagarajan, Nadine Nagy, Wiebke Mildenberger, Ekaterina Petrova, Laura Catharina Hinte, Mitchell Bijnen, Philipp Häne, Eric Nelius, Jing Chen, Irina Ferapontova, Ferdinand von Meyenn, Francesco Trepiccione, Mesut Berber, David Penton Ribas, Anne Eichmann, Maria-Christina Zennaro, Norihiko Takeda, Jens W. Fischer, Ariadni Spyroglou, Martin Reincke, Felix Beuschlein, Johannes Loffing, Melanie Greter, and Christian Stockmann

Subjects
CP: Immunology, CP: Cell biology, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Summary: Macrophages play crucial roles in organ-specific functions and homeostasis. In the adrenal gland, macrophages closely associate with sinusoidal capillaries in the aldosterone-producing zona glomerulosa. We demonstrate that macrophages preserve capillary specialization and modulate aldosterone secretion. Using macrophage-specific deletion of VEGF-A, single-cell transcriptomics, and functional phenotyping, we found that the loss of VEGF-A depletes PLVAP+ fenestrated endothelial cells in the zona glomerulosa, leading to increased basement membrane collagen IV deposition and subendothelial fibrosis. This results in increased aldosterone secretion, called “haptosecretagogue” signaling. Human aldosterone-producing adenomas also show capillary rarefaction and basement membrane thickening. Mice with myeloid cell-specific VEGF-A deletion exhibit elevated serum aldosterone, hypokalemia, and hypertension, mimicking primary aldosteronism. These findings underscore macrophage-to-endothelial cell signaling as essential for endothelial cell specialization, adrenal gland function, and blood pressure regulation, with broader implications for other endocrine organs.

Published
2024
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39. Prospects for precise predictions of $a_\mu$ in the Standard Model

Author

Colangelo, G., Davier, M., El-Khadra, A. X., Hoferichter, M., Lehner, C., Lellouch, L., Mibe, T., Roberts, B. L., Teubner, T., Wittig, H., Ananthanarayan, B., Bashir, A., Bijnens, J., Blum, T., Boyle, P., Bray-Ali, N., Caprini, I., Calame, C. M. Carloni, Catà, O., Cè, M., Charles, J., Christ, N. H., Curciarello, F., Danilkin, I., Das, D., Deineka, O., Della Morte, M., Denig, A., DeTar, C. E., Dominguez, C. A., Eichmann, G., Fischer, C. S., Gérardin, A., Giusti, D., Golterman, M., Gottlieb, Steven, Gülpers, V., Hagelstein, F., Hayakawa, M., Hermansson-Truedsson, N., Hoid, B. -L., Holz, S., Izubuchi, T., Jüttner, A., Keshavarzi, A., Knecht, M., Kronfeld, A. S., Kubis, B., Kupść, A., Lahert, S., Liu, K. F., Lüdtke, J., Lynch, M., Malaescu, B., Maltman, K., Marciano, W., Marinković, M. K., Masjuan, P., Meyer, H. B., Müller, S. E., Neil, E. T., Passera, M., Pepe, M., Peris, S., Petrov, A. A., Procura, M., Raya, K., Rebhan, A., Risch, A., Rodríguez-Sánchez, A., Roig, P., Sánchez-Puertas, P., Simula, S., Stoffer, P., Stokes, F. M., Sugar, R., Tsang, J. T., van de Water, R. S., Avilés-Casco, A. Vaquero, Venanzoni, G., von Hippel, G. M., and Zhang, Z.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We discuss the prospects for improving the precision on the hadronic corrections to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, and the plans of the Muon $g-2$ Theory Initiative to update the Standard Model prediction., Comment: Contribution to the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)

Published
2022

40. Applying Psychometric Modeling to Aid Feature Engineering in Predictive Log-Data Analytics: The NAEP EDM Competition

Author

Zehner, Fabian, Eichmann, Beate, Deribo, Tobias, Harrison, Scott, Bengs, Daniel, Andersen, Nico, and Hahnel, Carolin

Abstract

The NAEP EDM Competition required participants to predict efficient test-taking behavior based on log data. This paper describes our top-down approach for engineering features by means of psychometric modeling, aiming at machine learning for the predictive classification task. For feature engineering, we employed, among others, the Log-Normal Response Time Model for estimating latent person speed, and the Generalized Partial Credit Model for estimating latent person ability. Additionally, we adopted an "n"-gram feature approach for event sequences. Furthermore, instead of using the provided binary target label, we distinguished inefficient test takers who were going too fast and those who were going too slow for training a multi-label classifier. Our best-performing ensemble classifier comprised three sets of low-dimensional classifiers, dominated by test-taker speed. While our classifier reached moderate performance, relative to the competition leaderboard, our approach makes two important contributions. First, we show how classifiers that contain features engineered through literature-derived domain knowledge can provide meaningful predictions if results can be contextualized to test administrators who wish to intervene or take action. Second, our re-engineering of test scores enabled us to incorporate person ability into the models. However, ability was hardly predictive of efficient behavior, leading to the conclusion that the target label's validity needs to be questioned. Beyond competition-related findings, we furthermore report a state sequence analysis for demonstrating the viability of the employed tools. The latter yielded four different test-taking types that described distinctive differences between test takers, providing relevant implications for assessment practice.

Published
2021

42. Crowd-sourced machine learning prediction of long COVID using data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative

Author

Aggarwal, Ataes, Agor, Joseph, Al-Amery, Amera, Aminu, Oluwatobiloba, Anand, Adit, Antonescu, Corneliu, Arora, Mehak, Asaduzzaman, Sayed, Asmussen, Tanner, Baghbanzadeh, Mahdi, Baker, Frazier, Bangert, Bridget, Bekhet, Laila, Bhattacharya, Biplab, Blase, Jenny, Butzin-Dozier, Zachary, Caffo, Brian, Chang, Hao, Chen, Zeyuan, Chen, Jiandong, Chiang, Jeffrey, Cho, Peter, Cockrell, Robert, Combs, Parker, Coyle, Jeremy, Crosby, Ciara, Dai, Zongyu, Dai, Ran, Danesharasteh, Anseh, Yildirim, Elif, Delong, Grant, Demilt, Ryan, Deng, Kaiwen, Dey, Sanjoy, Dhamdhere, Rohan, Dickson, Andrew, Dijour, Phoebe, Dinh, Dong, Dixon, Richard, Domi, Albi, Dutta, Souradeep, Elizondo, Mirna, Ertem, Zeynep, Feuerwerker, Solomon, Fliss, Danica, Fowler, Jennifer, Fu, Sunyang, Gardner, Kelly, Getty, Neil, Ghalwash, Mohamed, Gloster, Logan, Greer, Phil, Guan, Yuanfang, Ham, Colby, Hanoudi, Samer, Harper, Jeremy, Hendrix, Nathaniel, Hershkovich, Leeor, Hightower, Jake, Hu, Junjie, Huang, Jiani, Huang, Yu, Huang, Tongtong, Hur, Junguk, Isgut, Monica, Ismail, Hamid, Izmirlian, Grant, Jang, Kuk, Jemiyo, Christianah, Jeong, Hayoung, Ji, Yunwen, Ji, Xiayan, Jiang, Ming, Jiang, Sihang, Jiang, Xiaoqian, Jiang, Yuye, Johnson, Akin, Analyst, Zach, Kapse, Saarthak, Kartoun, Uri, KC, Dukka, Fard, Zahra, Kosfeld, Tim, Krichevsky, Spencer, Kuo, Mike, Larie, Dale, Lederer, Lauren, Leng, Shan, Li, Ziyang, Li, Hongyang, Li, Haodong, Li, Jianfu, Li, Tiantian, Liang, Xinwen, Liang, Hengyue, Liu, Feifan, Liu, Daniel, Luo, Gang, Munia, Tamanna, Madduri, Ravi, Madhira, Vithal, Mani, Shivali, Mansourifard, Farzaneh, Matson, Robert, Mertens, Andrew, Metsis, Vangelis, Meyer, Pablo, Mikhailova, Catherine, Miller, Dante, Milo, Christopher, Mitchell, Elliot, Modanwal, Gourav, Moore, Ronald, Morgenthaler, David, Musal, Rasim, Naik, Mayur, Nalawade, Vinit, Narain, Rohan, Narendrula, Saideep, Obiri, Alena, Okawa, Satoshi, Okechukwu, Chima, Olorunnisola, Toluwanimi, Ossowski, Tim, Parekh, Harsh, Park, Jean, Patel, Saaya, Patterson, Jason, Paul, Chetan, Peng, Le, Perkins, Diana, Pokharel, Suresh, Poplavskiy, Dmytro, Pryor, Zach, Pungitore, Sarah, Qin, Hong, Rababa, Salahaldeen, Rahman, Mahbubur, Rahmani, Elior, Rahnavard, Gholamali, Raihan, Md, Rajendran, Suraj, Ravichandran, Sarangan, Reddy, Chandan, Reyes, Abel, Roghanizad, Ali, Rouffa, Sean, Ruan, Xiaoyang, Saha, Arpita, Sawant, Sahil, Schiaffino, Melody, Seira, Diego, Sengupta, Saurav, Shalaev, Ruslan, Shetty, Gaurav, Shi, Seraphina, Shinguyen, Linh, Singh, Karnika, Sinha, Soumya, Socia, Damien, Stalians, Halen, Stavropoulos, Charalambos, Strube, Jan, Subramanian, Devika, Sun, Jiehuan, Sun, Ju, Sun, Chengkun, Sundararajan, Prathic, Talebi, Salmonn, Tawiah, Edward, Tesic, Jelena, Thiess, Mikaela, Tian, Raymond, Torre-Healy; Ming-Tse Tsai, Luke, Tyus, David, Vardhan, Madhurima, Velingker, Neelay, Walzer, Benjamin, Walzer, Jacob, Wang, Junda, Wang, Lu, Wang, Will, Wang, Jonathan, Wang, Yisen, Weatherly, Chad, Wu, Fanyou, Wu, Yifeng, Wu, Yinjun, Xia, Fangfang, Yan, Hao, Yang, Zhichao, Ye, Biao, Yin, Rui, Yin, Changyu, Yoo, Yun, You, Albert, Yu, June, Zanaj, Martin, Zaiman, Zachary, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Xiaoyi, Zhang, Tianmai, Zhao, Zixuan, Zhi, Degui, Zhong, Yishan, Zhou, Huixue, Zhou, Andrea, Zhu, Yuanda, Zhu, Yitan, Zhu, Sophie, Adams, Meredith, Alexander, Caleb, Amor, Benjamin, Anzalone, Alfred, Bates, Benjamin, Beasley, Will, Bennett, Tellen, Bissell, Mark, Boudreau, Eilis, Bozzette, Samuel, Bradwell, Katie, Bramante, Carolyn, Brown, Don, Burgoon, Penny, Buse, John, Callahan, Tiffany, Cato, Kenrick, Chapman, Scott, Chute, Christopher, Clark, Jaylyn, Clark, Marshall, Cooper, Will, Cottrell, Lesley, Crowley, Karen, Deacy, Mariam, Dillon, Christopher, Eichmann, David, Emmett, Mary, Erwin-Cohen, Rebecca, Francis, Patricia, French, Evan, Fuentes, Rafael, Gabriel, Davera, Gagnier, Joel, Garbarini, Nicole, Ge, Jin, Gersing, Kenneth, Girvin, Andrew, Gordon, Valery, Graves, Alexis, Guinney, Justin, Haendel, Melissa, Hayanga, J.W., Hendricks, Brian, Hernandez, Wenndy, Hill, Elaine, Hillegass, William, Hong, Stephanie, Housman, Dan, Hurley, Robert, Islam, Jessica, Jawa, Randeep, Johnson, Steve, Kamaleswaran, Rishi, Kibbe, Warren, Koraishy, Farrukh, Kostka, Kristin, Kurilla, Michael, Lee, Adam, Lehmann, Harold, Liu, Hongfang, Loomba, Johanna, Madlock-Brown; Sandeep Mallipattu, Charisse, Manna, Amin, Mariona, Federico, Marti, Emily, Martin, Greg, Mathew, Jomol, Mazzotti, Diego, McMurry, Julie, Mehta, Hemalkumar, Michael, Sam, Miller, Robert, Misquitta, Leonie, Moffitt, Richard, Morris, Michele, Murray, Kimberly, Northington, Lavance, O’Neil, Shawn, Olex, Amy, Palchuk, Matvey, Patel, Brijesh, Patel, Rena, Payne, Philip, Pfaff, Emily, Pincavitch, Jami, Portilla, Lili, Prior, Fred, Pyarajan, Saiju, Pyles, Lee, Qureshi, Nabeel, Robinson, Peter, Rutter, Joni, Sadan, Ofer, Safdar, Nasia, Saha, Amit, Saltz, Joel, Saltz, Mary, Schmitt, Clare, Setoguchi, Soko, Sharafeldin, Noha, Sharathkumar, Anjali, Sheikh, Usman, Sidky, Hythem, Sokos, George, Southerland, Andrew, Spratt, Heidi, Starren, Justin, Subbian, Vignesh, Suver, Christine, Takemoto, Cliff, Temple-O'Connor, Meredith, Topaloglu, Umit, Vedula, Satyanarayana, Walden, Anita, Walters, Kellie, Ward-Caviness, Cavin, Wilcox, Adam, Wilkins, Ken, Williams, Andrew, Wu, Chunlei, Zampino, Elizabeth, Zhang, Xiaohan, Zhu, Richard, Bergquist, Timothy, Tariq, Adbul, Philips, Rachael V., Pirracchio, Romain, van der Laan, Mark, Colford, John M., Jr., Hubbard, Alan, Gao, Jifan, Chen, Guanhua, Stein, Adam, Long, Qi, Holmes, John, Mowery, Danielle, Wong, Eric, Parekh, Ravi, Getzen, Emily, and Blase, Jennifer

Published
2024
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43. From Alpha to Omicron and Beyond: Associations Between SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Surgical Outcomes

Author

Wilcox, Adam B., Lee, Adam M., Graves, Alexis, Anzalone, Alfred, Manna, Amin, Saha, Amit, Olex, Amy, Zhou, Andrea, Williams, Andrew E., Southerland, Andrew, Girvin, Andrew T., Walden, Anita, Sharathkumar, Anjali A., Amor, Benjamin, Bates, Benjamin, Hendricks, Brian, Patel, Brijesh, Alexander, Caleb, Bramante, Carolyn, Ward-Caviness, Cavin, Madlock-Brown, Charisse, Suver, Christine, Chute, Christopher, Dillon, Christopher, Wu, Chunlei, Schmitt, Clare, Takemoto, Cliff, Housman, Dan, Gabriel, Davera, Eichmann, David A., Mazzotti, Diego, Brown, Don, Boudreau, Eilis, Hill, Elaine, Zampino, Elizabeth, Marti, Emily Carlson, Pfaff, Emily R., French, Evan, Koraishy, Farrukh M., Mariona, Federico, Prior, Fred, Sokos, George, Martin, Greg, Lehmann, Harold, Spratt, Heidi, Mehta, Hemalkumar, Liu, Hongfang, Sidky, Hythem, Hayanga, J.W. Awori, Pincavitch, Jami, Clark, Jaylyn, Harper, Jeremy Richard, Islam, Jessica, Ge, Jin, Gagnier, Joel, Saltz, Joel H., Saltz, Joel, Loomba, Johanna, Buse, John, Mathew, Jomol, Rutter, Joni L., McMurry, Julie A., Guinney, Justin, Starren, Justin, Crowley, Karen, Bradwell, Katie Rebecca, Walters, Kellie M., Wilkins, Ken, Gersing, Kenneth R., Cato, Kenrick Dwain, Murray, Kimberly, Kostka, Kristin, Northington, Lavance, Pyles, Lee Allan, Misquitta, Leonie, Cottrell, Lesley, Portilla, Lili, Deacy, Mariam, Bissell, Mark M., Clark, Marshall, Emmett, Mary, Saltz, Mary Morrison, Palchuk, Matvey B., Haendel, Melissa A., Adams, Meredith, Temple-O'Connor, Meredith, Kurilla, Michael G., Morris, Michele, Qureshi, Nabeel, Safdar, Nasia, Garbarini, Nicole, Sharafeldin, Noha, Sadan, Ofer, Francis, Patricia A., Burgoon, Penny Wung, Robinson, Peter, Payne, Philip R.O., Fuentes, Rafael, Jawa, Randeep, Erwin-Cohen, Rebecca, Patel, Rena, Moffitt, Richard A., Zhu, Richard L., Kamaleswaran, Rishi, Hurley, Robert, Miller, Robert T., Pyarajan, Saiju, Michael, Sam G., Bozzette, Samuel, Mallipattu, Sandeep, Vedula, Satyanarayana, Chapman, Scott, O'Neil, Shawn T., Setoguchi, Soko, Hong, Stephanie S., Johnson, Steve, Bennett, Tellen D., Callahan, Tiffany, Topaloglu, Umit, Sheikh, Usman, Gordon, Valery, Subbian, Vignesh, Kibbe, Warren A., Hernandez, Wenndy, Beasley, Will, Cooper, Will, Hillegass, William, Zhang, Xiaohan Tanner, Verhagen, Nathaniel B., Geissler, Thomas, SenthilKumar, Gopika, Gehl, Carson, Shaik, Tahseen, Flitcroft, Madelyn A., Yang, Xin, Taylor, Bradley W., Ghaferi, Amir A., Gould, Jon C., and Kothari, Anai N.

Published
2024
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44. The prevalence of postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 in solid organ transplant recipients: Evaluation of risk in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative

Author

Wilcox, Adam B., Lee, Adam M., Graves, Alexis, Anzalone, Alfred Jerrod, Manna, Amin, Saha, Amit, Olex, Amy, Zhou, Andrea, Williams, Andrew E., Southerland, Andrew, Girvin, Andrew T., Walden, Anita, Sharathkumar, Anjali A., Amor, Benjamin, Bates, Benjamin, Hendricks, Brian, Patel, Brijesh, Alexander, Caleb, Bramante, Carolyn, Ward-Caviness, Cavin, Madlock-Brown, Charisse, Suver, Christine, Chute, Christopher, Dillon, Christopher, Wu, Chunlei, Schmitt, Clare, Takemoto, Cliff, Housman, Dan, Gabriel, Davera, Eichmann, David A., Mazzotti, Diego, Brown, Don, Boudreau, Eilis, Hill, Elaine, Zampino, Elizabeth, Marti, Emily Carlson, Pfaff, Emily R., French, Evan, Koraishy, Farrukh M., Mariona, Federico, Prior, Fred, Sokos, George, Martin, Greg, Lehmann, Harold, Spratt, Heidi, Mehta, Hemalkumar, Liu, Hongfang, Sidky, Hythem, Hayanga, J.W. Awori, Pincavitch, Jami, Clark, Jaylyn, Harper, Jeremy Richard, Islam, Jessica, Ge, Jin, Gagnier, Joel, Saltz, Joel H., Saltz, Joel, Loomba, Johanna, Buse, John, Mathew, Jomol, Rutter, Joni L., McMurry, Julie A., Guinney, Justin, Starren, Justin, Crowley, Karen, Bradwell, Katie Rebecca, Walters, Kellie M., Wilkins, Ken, Gersing, Kenneth R., Cato, Kenrick Dwain, Murray, Kimberly, Kostka, Kristin, Northington, Lavance, Pyles, Lee Allan, Misquitta, Leonie, Cottrell, Lesley, Portilla, Lili, Deacy, Mariam, Bissell, Mark M., Clark, Marshall, Emmett, Mary, Saltz, Mary Morrison, Palchuk, Matvey B., Haendel, Melissa A., Adams, Meredith, Temple-O'Connor, Meredith, Kurilla, Michael G., Morris, Michele, Qureshi, Nabeel, Safdar, Nasia, Garbarini, Nicole, Sharafeldin, Noha, Sadan, Ofer, Francis, Patricia A., Burgoon, Penny Wung, Robinson, Peter, Payne, Philip R.O., Fuentes, Rafael, Jawa, Randeep, Erwin-Cohen, Rebecca, Patel, Rena, Moffitt, Richard A., Zhu, Richard L., Kamaleswaran, Rishi, Hurley, Robert, Miller, Robert T., Pyarajan, Saiju, Michael, Sam G., Bozzette, Samuel, Mallipattu, Sandeep, Vedula, Satyanarayana, Chapman, Scott, O'Neil, Shawn T., Setoguchi, Soko, Hong, Stephanie S., Johnson, Steve, Bennett, Tellen D., Callahan, Tiffany, Topaloglu, Umit, Sheikh, Usman, Gordon, Valery, Subbian, Vignesh, Kibbe, Warren A., Hernandez, Wenndy, Beasley, Will, Cooper, Will, Hillegass, William, Zhang, Xiaohan Tanner, Vinson, Amanda J., Schissel, Makayla, Anzalone, Alfred J., Dai, Ran, French, Evan T., Olex, Amy L., Lee, Stephen B., Ison, Michael, and Mannon, Roslyn B.

Published
2024
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45. Theory introduction to baryon spectroscopy

Author

Eichmann, Gernot

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In these introductory notes I give a brief overview on some theoretical aspects of light baryon spectroscopy. The first part contains a discussion of the symmetries of the baryon spectrum, the construction of flavor wave functions and some basic features of quark models. The second part examines the need for relativistic quantum field theory and focusses on spectrum calculations with functional methods., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, 1 table. Contribution to the 2021 School on the Physics of Baryons, Oct 18-22 2021, Sevilla

Published
2022
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46. Explaining the UHECR spectrum, composition and large-scale anisotropies with radio galaxies

Author

Eichmann, Björn, Kachelrieß, Michael, and Oikonomou, Foteini

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Radio galaxies are promising candidates as the sources of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). In this work, we examine if the stringent constraints imposed by the dipole and quadropole anisotropies as well as the UHECR spectrum and composition allow that radio galaxies are the dominant extragalactic cosmic ray sources. In order to calculate the UHECR flux emitted by individual radio galaxies, we constrain their properties using information from the radio-CR correlation and a dynamical evolution model. In addition to the UHECR flux from individual, local sources, we include the diffuse flux emitted by the bulk of non-local radio galaxies based on their radio luminosity distribution. Analyzing the source parameters within a range around their expected properties, we finally determine the configurations of local sources describing well the UHECR spectrum, composition and large-scale anisotropies. We obtain a good description of all data even in the case that we include only a small number of local sources. In particular, we find that scenarios where few sources like Fornax A and Virgo A dominate the flux above the ankle, while low-luminosity radio galaxies contribute an isotropic background dominating below the ankle, provide a good fit to the data.

Published
2022
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47. Nonelective coronary artery bypass graft outcomes are adversely impacted by Coronavirus disease 2019 infection, but not altered processes of care: A National COVID Cohort Collaborative and National Surgery Quality Improvement Program analysisCentral MessagePerspective

Author

Emily A. Grimsley, MD, Johnathan V. Torikashvili, BS, Haroon M. Janjua, MS, Meagan D. Read, MD, Anai N. Kothari, MD, MS, Nate B. Verhagen, BS, Ricardo Pietrobon, MD, PhD, Paul C. Kuo, MD, MS, MBA, Michael P. Rogers, MD, MS, Adam B. Wilcox, Adam M. Lee, Alexis Graves, Alfred (Jerrod) Anzalone, Amin Manna, Amit Saha, Amy Olex, Andrea Zhou, Andrew E. Williams, Andrew Southerland, Andrew T. Girvin, Anita Walden, Anjali A. Sharathkumar, Benjamin Amor, Benjamin Bates, Brian Hendricks, Brijesh Patel, Caleb Alexander, Carolyn Bramante, Cavin Ward-Caviness, Charisse Madlock-Brown, Christine Suver, Christopher Chute, Christopher Dillon, Chunlei Wu, Clare Schmitt, Cliff Takemoto, Dan Housman, Davera Gabriel, David A. Eichmann, Diego Mazzotti, Don Brown, Eilis Boudreau, Elaine Hill, Elizabeth Zampino, Emily Carlson Marti, Emily R. Pfaff, Evan French, Farrukh M. Koraishy, Federico Mariona, Fred Prior, George Sokos, Greg Martin, Harold Lehmann, Heidi Spratt, Hemalkumar Mehta, Hongfang Liu, Hythem Sidky, J.W. Awori Hayanga, Jami Pincavitch, Jaylyn Clark, Jeremy Richard Harper, Jessica Islam, Jin Ge, Joel Gagnier, Joel H. Saltz, Joel Saltz, Johanna Loomba, John Buse, Jomol Mathew, Joni L. Rutter, Julie A. McMurry, Justin Guinney, Justin Starren, Karen Crowley, Katie Rebecca Bradwell, Kellie M. Walters, Ken Wilkins, Kenneth R. Gersing, Kenrick Dwain Cato, Kimberly Murray, Kristin Kostka, Lavance Northington, Lee Allan Pyles, Leonie Misquitta, Lesley Cottrell, Lili Portilla, Mariam Deacy, Mark M. Bissell, Marshall Clark, Mary Emmett, Mary Morrison Saltz, Matvey B. Palchuk, Melissa A. Haendel, Meredith Adams, Meredith Temple-O'Connor, Michael G. Kurilla, Michele Morris, Nabeel Qureshi, Nasia Safdar, Nicole Garbarini, Noha Sharafeldin, Ofer Sadan, Patricia A. Francis, Penny Wung Burgoon, Peter Robinson, Philip R.O. Payne, Rafael Fuentes, Randeep Jawa, Rebecca Erwin-Cohen, Rena Patel, Richard A. Moffitt, Richard L. Zhu, Rishi Kamaleswaran, Robert Hurley, Robert T. Miller, Saiju Pyarajan, Sam G. Michael, Samuel Bozzette, Sandeep Mallipattu, Satyanarayana Vedula, Scott Chapman, Shawn T. O'Neil, Soko Setoguchi, Stephanie S. Hong, Steve Johnson, Tellen D. Bennett, Tiffany Callahan, Umit Topaloglu, Usman Sheikh, Valery Gordon, Vignesh Subbian, Warren A. Kibbe, Wenndy Hernandez, Will Beasley, Will Cooper, William Hillegass, and Xiaohan Tanner Zhang

Subjects
nonelective coronary artery bypass grafting, COVID-19, pandemic, outcomes, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Objective: The effects of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and altered processes of care on nonelective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) outcomes remain unknown. We hypothesized that patients with COVID-19 infection would have longer hospital lengths of stay and greater mortality compared with COVID-negative patients, but that these outcomes would not differ between COVID-negative and pre-COVID controls. Methods: The National COVID Cohort Collaborative 2020-2022 was queried for adult patients undergoing CABG. Patients were divided into COVID-negative, COVID-active, and COVID-convalescent groups. Pre-COVID control patients were drawn from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Adjusted analysis of the 3 COVID groups was performed via generalized linear models. Results: A total of 17,293 patients underwent nonelective CABG, including 16,252 COVID-negative, 127 COVID-active, 367 COVID-convalescent, and 2254 pre-COVID patients. Compared to pre-COVID patients, COVID-negative patients had no difference in mortality, whereas COVID-active patients experienced increased mortality. Mortality and pneumonia were higher in COVID-active patients compared to COVID-negative and COVID-convalescent patients. Adjusted analysis demonstrated that COVID-active patients had higher in-hospital mortality, 30- and 90-day mortality, and pneumonia compared to COVID-negative patients. COVID-convalescent patients had a shorter length of stay but a higher rate of renal impairment. Conclusions: Traditional care processes were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data show that nonelective CABG in patients with active COVID-19 is associated with significantly increased rates of mortality and pneumonia. The equivalent mortality in COVID-negative and pre-COVID patients suggests that pandemic-associated changes in processes of care did not impact CABG outcomes. Additional research into optimal timing of CABG after COVID infection is warranted.

Published
2023
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48. Studying mass generation for gluons

Author

Eichmann, Gernot and Pawlowski, Jan M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

In covariant gauges, the gluonic mass gap in Yang-Mills theory manifests itself in the basic observation that the massless pole in the perturbative gluon propagator disappears in nonperturbative calculations, but the origin of this behavior is not yet fully understood. We summarize a recent study of the respective dynamics with Dyson-Schwinger equations in Landau-gauge Yang-Mills theory. We identify the parameter that distinguishes the massive Yang-Mills regime from the massless decoupling solutions, whose endpoint is the scaling solution. Similar to the PT-BFM scheme, we find evidence that mass generation in the transverse sector is triggered by longitudinal massless poles., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Proceedings contribution to the XXXIII International (Online) Workshop on High Energy Physics "Hard Problems of Hadron Physics: Non-Perturbative QCD & Related Quests", November 8-12, 2021

Published
2021

49. Going to the light front with contour deformations

Author

Eichmann, Gernot, Ferreira, Eduardo, and Stadler, Alfred

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We explore a new method to calculate the valence light-front wave function of a system of two interacting particles, which is based on contour deformations combined with analytic continuation methods to project the Bethe-Salpeter wave function onto the light front. In this proof-of-concept study, we solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation for a scalar model and find excellent agreement between the light-front wave functions obtained with contour deformations and those obtained with the Nakanishi method frequently employed in the literature. The contour-deformation method is also able to handle extensions of the scalar model that mimic certain features of QCD such as unequal masses and complex singularities. In principle the method is suitable for computing parton distributions on the light front such as PDFs, TMDs and GPDs in the future., Comment: 20 pages, 24 figures. Coincides with the version published in Phys. Rev. D

Published
2021
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50. Probing electron and hole co-localization by resonant four-wave mixing in the extreme-ultraviolet

Author

Rottke, Horst, Engel, Robin Y., Schick, Daniel, Schunck, Jan O., Miedema, Piter S., Borchert, Martin C., Kuhlmann, Marion, Ekanayake, Nagitha, Dziarzhytski, Siarhei, Brenner, Günter, Eichmann, Ulrich, Schmising, Clemens von Korff, Beye, Martin, and Eisebitt, Stefan

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

The extension of nonlinear spectroscopic techniques into the x-ray domain is in its infancy but holds the promise to provide unique insight into the dynamics of charges in photoexcited processes, which are of fundamental as well as applied interest. We report on the observation of a third order nonlinear process in lithium fluoride at a free-electron laser. Exploring the yield of four wave mixing (FWM) in resonance with transitions to strongly localized core exciton states vs. delocalized Bloch states, we find resonant FWM to be a sensitive probe for the degree of charge localization: substantial sum- and difference-frequency generation is observed exclusively when in a one- or three-photon resonance with a LiF core exciton, with a dipole forbidden transition affecting details of the nonlinear response. Our reflection-geometry-based approach to detect FWM signals enables the study of a wide variety of condensed matter sample systems, provides atomic selectivity via resonant transitions and can be easily scaled to shorter wavelengths at free electron x-ray lasers., Comment: 5 figures, supplement

Published
2021

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