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Esra Ertan Yazar,1 Tevfik Özlü,2 Muzaffer Sarıaydın,3 Mahşuk Taylan,4 Aydanur Ekici,5 Derya Aydın,6 İbrahim Güven Coşgun,7 Nagihan Durmuş Koçak8 On behalf of the COHOV Study Group 1Department of Pulmonology, Yedikule Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey; 3Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey; 4Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey; 5Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey; 6Department of Pulmonology, Balıkesir Chest Disease Government Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey; 7Department of Pulmonology, Afyonkarahisar Government Hospital, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey; 8Department of Pulmonology, Sureyyapasa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Background: Domiciliary noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use in stable hypercarbic COPD is becoming increasingly widespread. However, treatment compliance criteria and factors related to compliance remain to be defined. Methods: This research was designed as a prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter real-life study. Chronic hypercapnic COPD patients who were using domiciliary NIV for at least 1 year and being followed up in 19 centers across Turkey were included in the study. The patients who used NIV regularly, night or daytime and ≥5 hours/d, were classified as “high-compliance group,” and patients who used NIV irregularly and

The aim of the study was to describe the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Report (JAFAR) in children/adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Sixty-nine children/adolescents with JIA were included in the study. JAFAR(TR)-Child and Parent forms were applied to the patients with JIA and to their parents for test retest at one-week intervals, the patients did not receive additional treatment and his/her pharmacological treatment did not change for that week. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and internal consistency reliability of multi-item subscales was evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Correlations between JAFAR(TR)-Child and Parent with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0. Module Arthritis (PedsQL), the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), and the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) were evaluated to determine construct validity. The ICC value for the test/retest reliability of JAFAR(TR)-Child was 0.963 and of JAFAR(TR)-Parent was 0.576. JAFAR(TR)-Child total score had low to moderate correlations with PedsQL Child (r=-0.34; p=0.004), CHAQ (r=0.40; p=0.001), and JADAS total score (r=0.42; p=0.000). JAFAR(TR)-Parent total score had moderate to high correlations with PedsQL Parent (r=-0.55; p=0.000), CHAQ (r=0.72; p=0.000) and JADAS total score (r=0.53; p=0.000). The Turkish version of JAFAR was found to be clinically valid and reliable in JIA.

Many events that occur in the world affect not only the place where they occur but also many regions in the world. This situation necessitates the evaluation of the developments and changes in the world from a universal perspective rather than considering the national interests of each country. The universal evaluation of the problems experienced has led to the emergence of global citizenship. With global citizenship, individuals interact with other people and become sensitive to different events. The individual's interaction with other people and forming public opinion about the events that occur can be realized more quickly and easily with social media, which is preferred by all societies globally. For this reason, the aim of the research was to determine 'the impact of social media on global citizenship' in line with the views of social studies teachers. Phenomenology, a qualitative research method, was preferred in this study. The participants of the study were 22 social study teachers working in secondary schools in the city center. To obtain the data, a semi-structured interview was developed by the researcher after consulting expert opinions. The research concluded that the use of social media has a strong impact on global citizenry, as evidenced by a range of petite responses gathered from the varied related dimensions of importance, awareness, and effect about the subject. [Note: The page range (457-474) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 457-473.]

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of inquiry-based activities supported by web 2.0 tools on the attitudes of students towards the chemistry lesson in the unit of 'Acids, Bases and Salts' in the 10th grade chemistry lesson. Considering the relevant achievements in the 2018 chemistry curriculum and using the web 2.0 tools Padlet and Quizizz, the activities prepared were implemented, and the "Chemistry Lesson Attitude Scale", which was adapted into Turkish by Senocak, was used as a data collection tool. The study, which was carried out with a quasiexperimental design with pretest-posttest control group, was carried out in the second term of the 2021-2022 academic year, in a high school in the Germencik district of Aydin, with a total of 51 students, one experimental (n=26) and one control (n=25) group. In the seven-week study, while the experimental group and the web 2.0 tools Padlet and Quizizz were used, the lessons were taught according to the current curriculum in the control group. As a result of the research, no significant difference was reached in the attitudes of the students towards the chemistry course. When the sub-dimensions of the chemistry attitude scale were examined, a significant difference was determined in favor of the pretest only in the "evaluative beliefs about school chemistry" of the control group.

Problem-based STEM education can be defined as the solving of real-life problems by using science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. This study aims to determine the effect of problem-based STEM practices on pre-service teachers' conceptual understanding. The pre-service science teachers participated in 12 weeks of STEM activities that focused on problem-solving. The study comprises four problem-based STEM activities that are based on real-life problems. This study employed a quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of twenty-seven pre-service science teachers in a science teacher program at a state university in Türkiye. The researchers developed four conceptual understanding tests, each consisting of four or five open-ended questions, as a data collection tool in the study. The data obtained were classified using predetermined categories (e.g., complete understanding, no understanding), and the differences in conceptual understanding between the pre- and post-tests were determined using the paired samples t-test. The results indicate that problem-based STEM practices can enhance the conceptual understanding of pre-service science teachers in science education.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in almost every field globally and has also caused significant revisions in the education process of many disciplines, including architecture. The transition of the programs in architecture schools worldwide to distance education in 2020 has created an extraordinary experience of designing lectures for distance education apart from traditional methods. The current study examined the attitudes of students, who are thought to be most affected by this pandemic process, toward distance education in terms of the usefulness of and preference for distance education, the feeling of lack of social presence, and the preference for face-to-face education. This study also sought the factors affecting the success of students in design studios. The opinions of 970 students studying design at 20 universities in Turkey were sought. This mixed method study revealed that, together with the pandemic, distance education closely affected student success, especially in faculties where design courses are given. The attitudes of male students studying architecture are significantly more positive toward distance education compared to those of female students. The results illustrated that students with adequate Internet access also have better views on the usefulness of distance education compared to those with insufficient internet access. As the students' grade level in the faculty of architecture increased, their attitudes toward distance education changed positively. The overall results reveal that traditional education promotes student creativity and design capacity significantly in all departments associated with design and architecture. The findings of the present study underline the need for revisions in educational institutions with design formation, including schools of architecture, in terms of teaching methods for design lectures, thereby increasing and improving the quality of education.

The aim of this study is to compile the literature in the context of business motivation of the online education process, the importance of which is once again understood in educational sciences during the pandemic process. When literature is looked at, it is clearly seen that the importance and effectiveness of distance education has increased with the pandemic. As a result, the quality and quantity of distance education has been questioned before, it is seen that distance education is considered as an opportunity with the pandemic.

This study aimed to promote self-regulated learning skills in pre-service teachers, and to this end, a two-year Self-Regulated Learning Skills Development (SLSD) Plan for pre-service chemistry teachers was developed. In this SLSD plan, the strategy instruction was conducted in an integrated way into the content courses of the chemistry education curriculum. The strategy instruction was carried out in four parts: "time management strategies", "reading comprehension and summarization strategies", "writing strategies" and "questioning strategies". In addition, metacognitive strategies used by the pre-service teachers during the strategy instruction were also examined. Semi-structured interviews, self-monitoring forms, field notes, and student-generated questions were used to collect data to identify the strategies that the pre-service teachers used and determine the changes that occurred as a result of the application of these strategies. The data were analyzed using descriptive and content analysis methods. It was determined that both the frequency of use and the diversity of the strategies used increased in time management strategies, reading comprehension and summarizing strategies, and writing strategies. In questioning strategies, when the quality of the questions created by pre-service teachers was examined, it was determined that there was an increase in the quality of these questions in terms of "thinking level" and "content", but there was no regular trend in terms of "chemistry understanding levels". It was observed that most of the pre-service teachers also applied metacognitive strategies during strategy instruction. In the light of the results of this study, suggestions on promoting self-regulated learning skills in pre-service teachers are provided for chemistry teacher education, and chemistry education researchers.

Although self-regulated learning (SRL) in education is more often associated with student learning, recently it has been emphasized that teachers should be self-regulated individuals, as well. In this study focusing on motivation, one of the sub-dimensions of SRL, predictive power of socio-economic statuses and personality traits of pre-service teachers on their motivations was determined with hierarchical regression analysis. This study was conducted with survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods. The study enrolled 712 preservice teachers studying at various departments of the Faculty of Education in a state university in Ankara, Türkiye. The Big Five Inventory, was used to determine the personality traits of pre-service teachers, while the Socio-economic Status Form was used to determine their socio-economic status. The General Self-Efficacy Scale, 2x2 Achievement Goal Orientations Scale, Success/Failure Attributions Scale, and Scientific Epistemological Beliefs Survey were used to determine the motivation of pre-service teachers. The results of hierarchical regression analysis, which was conducted with the data obtained in the study, showed low-level significant effects of socioeconomic status on some sub-dimensions of motivation. However, when personality traits were included in the analysis, it was found out that they have higher level significant effects on all sub-dimensions of motivation. In particular, the findings showed that motivation had a significant effect on self-efficacy and goal orientation sub-dimensions. The findings of the study are likely to provide useful information about the effect of upbringing environments of pre-service teachers, which shape their personality traits and personalities, on their motivations.

This study investigates the effects of Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), and Iron (Fe) additions on the microstructure, corrosion behaviour, biocompatibility, mechanical, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Magnesium (Mg) alloys prepared in various compositions using powder metallurgy (PM). The microstructure and mechanical properties of these alloys were analyzed using electron microscopes (SEM and FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The results showed positive changes in the material's structure when the percentage of zinc added to pure magnesium increased. It was observed that the material became ductile, and the ductile fracture increased when the zinc ratio increased. The gamma-ray shielding properties of newly produced Mg-based alloys have also been discussed since they have a high potential for use in space technologies. Radiation shielding measurements have been performed using a 3′′ × 3″ NaI(Tl) scintillation detector NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer. The gamma-ray shielding parameters such as the linear attenuation coefficients (μl), mass attenuation coefficient (μm), effective atomic number (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL), and tenth-value layer (TVL) have been determined experimentally at photon energies of 0.511 MeV (emitted from a22Na radioactive point source) and 1.173 MeV and 1.332 MeV (emitting from a60Co radioactive point source). The obtained parameters have been compared to the theoretical results of the XCOM software, and a satisfactory agreement has been found. It can be said from the results that the Mg30Zn alloy has the best shielding properties among the produced materials.

The high plasticity, or the ability to differentiate into various cell types, and capacity to become both gametes of early-stage germ cells (eGCs) allows them to be used for the long-term storage and recovery of genetic information. In this study, species-specific protocols (isolation period, enzymatic separation solution, incubation period, appropriate cryoprotectant, and cryopreservation protocol) were established for the isolation and long-term preservation of Black Sea trout eGCs. In addition, the difference between the application of cryopreservation to the whole gonad tissue and to the enzymatically separated cells has been shown in terms of viability and the number of cells obtained. According to the cell count made from the histological sections of the testicular tissue throughout the year, the period with the highest concentration of eGCs in the tissue is between May and June. To identify the optimal enzymatic dissociation solution, we subjected testicular tissues to digestion using various combinations of trypsin (T) and collagenase (C) (0.3-0.5% T and 0.1-0.3% C). Our findings revealed that the 0.3% C provided the highest yield of viable cells (90.9%). We cryopreserved the enzymatically dissociated cells (EDCs) using six different cryoprotectants (Dimethyl sulfoxide, Glycerol, and CryoSOfree™, in both L-15 and phosphate-buffered saline - PBS mediums). Additionally, whole tissue exclusively with CryoSOfree™. After storing the samples at -152 °C for two years, the group of EDCs cryopreserved in L15+Glycerol exhibited the highest viability at 93.3%. Meanwhile, the whole tissue group yielded the greatest number of cells per ml after thawing, with a count of 33 210 000 cells. When considering both the viability (91.11%) and the number of cells obtained (33 210 000 cells/ml), the whole tissue cryopreservation group outperformed all the other methods.

The human voice is an alive, natural instrument belonging to the human body and most beautiful tool for the individual to express himself. When evaluated from a musical point of view; the human voice, the first known musical instrument in the history of music, is the oldest, most natural and most valuable of musical instruments. This privileged instrument bestowed upon man is different for every human being, like a fingerprint. This makes it a single and unique instrument unique to a human being. The human voice, which is used for simpler (primitive) situations (crying, laughing, screaming, etc.), turns into a more complex ability, to speaking and an even more complex ability, to singing. Although all three forms of voice are formed instinctively and/or for a reason arising from necessity, they are also used to express a higher artistic expression. The voice, which is basically used for self-expression and communication, turns into a tool of higher expression in the oral arts and the art of singing. The act of speaking is the basis of the act of singing. Accordingly, it can be said that the act of singing is an enhanced and expanded speaking skill. The correct, beautiful and effective use of the human voice, especially in the art of singing, is based on both technical and artistic skills. Therefore, not only technical skills but also technical skills and artistic skills should be considered together for the development of singing skills in vocal training, and technical skills should support artistic skills. The researches on the human voice and the singing act until today have generally only dealt with the sound from a scientific, biological-acoustic perspective. As far as can be reached, no study has been found in the literature in which voice is considered as a multidimensional phenomenon, in a holistic way, including its biological, spiritual, emotional and aesthetic dimensions. In this context, the aim of this research is to make an evaluation and make suggestions by considering the human voice and the act of singing with its artistic and philosophical aspects. It is hoped that the research will contribute to filling the gap in the literature and set an example for new research to be conducted in this direction. In the research, which is based on the literature review, the domestic and foreign literature on the subject has been tried to be examined.

Emel Bulcun, Mehmet Ekici, Aydanur EkiciDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, TurkeyObjective: Patient preferences regarding characteristics associated with the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) must be determined to increase the compatibility between the patients and the treatments, but as yet no studies have been performed regarding these characteristics. Here, we evaluate the preferred characteristics associated with the treatment of patients with COPD.Method: The expectations of patients receiving COPD therapy were assessed in six categories: time allocated by the physician to listen to patients' complaints, treatment to be applied, estimated adverse effect frequency concerning the therapy, ability of patients to visit the same physician each time, integral approach of the physician to the treatment of the patient, and therapy cost. These groups were divided into categories of therapy indicating 25 alternative treatment methods, using conjoint analysis. Patients were sorted to the 25 types of treatment with regard to their preferences.Results: The major expectation of conjoint analysis associated with the treatment of COPD patients is for the therapy to allow the patients to completely recover from their complaints. The order preferred by patients of other treatment expectations is from sufficient time to be allowed by the physician to listen to the patient, to no cost for the treatment, to minimum adverse effects resulting from the treatment, to each follow-up to be performed by the same physician, and to the physician performing an assessment of the patient's well-being, rather than examining only the areas of complaint. Conclusion: The major expectation of COPD patients regarding treatment was to completely recover with the help of the therapy. Considering the expectations of the patient may help improve the compatibility of the patient with the treatment.Keywords: COPD, conjoint analysis, preferences of treatment

This study aims to determine the possible relationship between professionalization levels and self-efficacy perceptions in teachers. The research was carried out using the relational model, one of the quantitative research methods. Participants of the study were 439 teachers working in a district of Kahramanmaras, Turkey who were selected through stratified sampling. The data were collected using "Teacher Professionalization Scale" and "Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale" and analyzed through the SPSS 22.0 statistics package program. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the possible significant relationship between teachers' professionalization levels and their self-efficacy, and a multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine whether their self-efficacy level predicted their professionalization level. The research findings demonstrated that they had a "high" level of professionalization and a "quite sufficient" level of self-efficacy. In addition, a positive and medium level relationship was found between these two variables. In other words, their self-efficacy significantly predicted their professionalization explaining 22% of the total variance. Based on these results, the study concludes that policies that improve teachers' self-efficacy should be developed and implemented.

The human voice, which is a natural and unique instrument, has a fundamental importance in expressing ourselves in life, both in communication, in the arts of oral and the art of singing. Therefore, using a person's vocal potential in its best, using the voice in its natural state and preserving vocal health are extremely sensitive and important issues. Therefore, the best realization of the objectives determined in voice training depends on the quality of the trainer and the training process. In the Voice Education course under the Music Teaching Undergraduate Program, one of the goals is to teach the music teacher candidate to use their voice, which is their most basic and natural instrument, in the best ways of speaking and singing, while also teaching about the protection of vocal health and preserving and improving the voice in its natural state. A music teacher candidate who receives such qualified voice education is able to apply what their learning in their practical life as knowledge and behavior, while using their own voice correctly and setting a good example for their students, they will also train their students well to protect their vocal health. Therefore, adequate and qualified education should be given to music teacher candidates at the level of knowledge and practice in the field of voice education. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, voice education lessons in the Music Teaching Undergraduate Program have been taught with the distance education model for a while. Unfortunately, it is concluded that voice training lessons based on practice are not suitable for online lessons with distance education. In the light of this view, the purpose of this research is to determine the suitability of the distance education model for the voice education course in the context of the opinions of the music teacher candidates. The results of this research, in which the scanning model and qualitative research method were used, indicate that the distance education model is not suitable for the voice education course, being an applied course.