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(1) Introduction: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a life-threatening condition and often a diagnostic challenge. It has recently been classified as a hematopoietic tumour, and the cases of ECD reported in the literature has dramatically increased during the last 15 years. (2) Methods: We describe the case of a 57-year-old male patient with severe gynecomastia, with a detailed description of his diagnostic iter and consequent surgical operation. We provide the first systematic review of the literature of breast involvement in ECD, following PRISMA guidelines, including 13 studies and 16 patients. (3) Results: Our report resulted to be the first case of gynecomastia as a single clinical and imaging feature of ECD described in English literature. A total of 81.3% of patients included were female. Among them, 76.9% had unilateral and nodular presentation, while male patients presented bilateral heterogeneous breast enlargement. Globally, 87.5% expressed breast alterations as their first manifestations of ECD. Only 50% presented skeletal involvement. (4) Conclusion: The reported case represents a unique addition to the literature. We found two different patterns in ECD-related breast involvement between male and female patients, an unusual M/F ratio, and a lower rate of bone involvement. Breast involvement is frequently the first clinical feature; therefore, breast caregivers should be aware of this dangerous and most likely underestimated condition.

Artificial sweeteners have become increasingly popular worldwide owing to their lower calorie content in addition to the claims of health benefits such as weight control, blood glucose level regulation in diabetics, and protection against dental caries. Nevertheless, there is still controversy regarding their safety, especially when administered over the long term, taking into account that most of the safety studies are based on animal models and only a few human studies. This review focuses on low-calorie protein/peptide sweeteners. These include artificial sweeteners, i.e. aspartame, advantame, neotame, and alitame which are synthetic, versus those of natural origin such as thaumatin, monellin, brazzein, pentadin, mabinlin, curculin, and egg white lysozyme. We conducted a systematic literature survey to ensure the accuracy of the data regarding the chemical properties, synthesis, and industrial applications. The health benefits and safety of these sweeteners in humans are presented for the first time in context to their metabolic profiles and gut interaction., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

A series of 2,4-diaryl-5(4H)-imidazolones were prepared and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities. Some selected 2,4-diaryl-5(4H)-imidazolones exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Structure Activity Relationships within the series were studied. The substitution at the N-sulfonamide moiety by a small hydrophilic acetyl group resulted in compounds with superior in vivo anti-inflammatory properties. As expected from their COX-2 selectivity, most of the active compounds lacked gastrointestinal toxicity in vivo in rats after a 3-day treatment of 25 mg/kg/day.

4-Anilinoquinazoline is a privileged scaffold in developing small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (TK) especially epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). 2 series belonging to 3'-substituted-4-anilinoquinazoline scaffold were synthesized and screened in vitro on isolated and a breast cancer cell line. The research aims at exploring the activity of compounds having diverse substituents at 3' position of the aniline moiety. Generally, the meta-substituted-anilinoquinazolines exhibited significant inhibitory activity against isolated enzyme as well as MCF-7 cancer cell line. For instance, compound 10b inhibited >99% of EGFR activities at 10 µM concentration. 6 of the tested compounds exhibited range of anti-proliferative activity below 10 µM potency. In particular, compounds 6e and 10b displayed the highest activity among the tested compounds with IC50 values equal to 8.6 and 4.84 µM, respectively. Structure-based tools were utilized to rationalize EGFR-TK binding of compound 10b since it is the most active compound in the enzyme inhibition test., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)