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Abstract Background Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important pulse crop grown worldwide. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes damping-off and stem rot diseases, leading to significant economic losses in chickpea crop yield. Biological control has proved to be an effective alternative for managing plant diseases. Results These pathogenic fungi were isolated from different governorates in Egypt and differed in terms of their pathogenicity on Giza 3 cv.-chickpea plants in vivo. S. sclerotiorum Sakha-S1 with accession No. (PQ558663) was the most aggressive isolate. Trichoderma atroviride was the most effective fungal bioagent in vitro since recorded the highest S. sclerotiorum growth decrease, followed by T. hamatum and T. harzianum; meanwhile, Serratia sp. was the least effective isolate. In greenhouse conditions, Topsin M-70® emerged as the most successful treatment for reducing disease prevalence. Combinations of microbial bioagents specifically all four (T. atroviride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymyxa, and Serratia sp.) and a combination of three (P. fluorescens, B. polymyxa, and Serratia sp.) followed in effectiveness. Serratia sp. applied alone proved to be the least effective treatment. The same results were obtained in a two-year field study (2020–2021 and 2021–2022) and assessed the impact of various treatments on chickpea disease, growth, and yield components. Interestingly, all the microbial bioagents substantially enhanced chickpea growth parameters, including plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, average weight of 100 seeds, and overall chickpea yield. The role of these microbial bioagents in the defense of oxidation enzymes (Peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase) associated with defense-related genes (ABR18, PRP, and PR-4) which shown notable variations in gene expression levels of defense-related genes due to treated with various microbial bioagents after 14 days from application. All three genes were up-regulated in combinations including (P. fluorescens + Serratia sp.), (T. atroviride + P. fluorescens), and (T. atroviride + Serratia sp.), demonstrating a collaborative impact on defense gene expression. Conclusion The study investigated the effectiveness of microbial bioagents against chickpea stem rot disease, their role in the defense of oxidation enzymes and defense-related genes, and their impact on growth and yield components. It will focus on producing commercial biofungicides to minimize the use of fungicides.

Concrete completely submerged in sulfate solutions has been used as the primary study subject for the durability of concrete subjected to sulfates. On the other hand, empirical data from the field indicates that concrete exposed to sulfates may exhibit physical attack-induced surface scaling above. This study aims to study the two different types of local bacteria, (BS) and (BM), with content of 0%, 0.25%, 1%, 2.50%, and 5.00% by cement weight used in this work under curing in sulfate to examine the efficiency of bacterial self-healing of cracks for sustainable concrete in aggressive sulfate attack environments. The results show that in both curing in freshwater, FW, and sulfate, SUL, the optimum bacteria ratio was 2.5% BM, and the compressive strength improved by 43.34% for FW and 47.65% for sulfate. On the other hand, the results proved that the crack-filling and crack-repairing methods may be considered quicker than conventional methods. Moreover, a detailed conclusion about the preparation and processing of bacteria to provide the most significant content of locally accessible bacteria in Egypt, mainly when using chemical and mineral additives

Background The cross-bridge free flap technique has been described for salvage of cases of traumatic lower limb defects when adequate recipient vessels in the same limb are lacking. While previous accounts mainly focused on utilizing muscle, myocutaneous, or perforator skin flaps, this study presents a series of cross-bridge free vascularized fibular transfer for reconstruction of traumatic tibial defects with extensive soft tissue loss.

This research investigates the effect of white noise on the waves propagated in magneto-optic waveguides. A coupled system of stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLSEs) with the parabolic-nonlocal law of refractive index is used to mimic the propagated waves. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in magneto-optic waveguides is governed by the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation with generalized anti-cubic nonlinearity. These parts are essential to optical transmission lines and lasers because they are used as modulators, circulators, and isolators in integrated optical circuits. Employing the improved modified extended tanh function method (IMETFM), we identify novel stochastic traveling wave solutions. Dark, bright, and singular solitons are produced. Additionally, Jacobi elliptic function (JEF), hyperbolic, periodic, Weierstrass elliptic function (WEF), and singular periodic solutions are extracted. Through graphical representations, we analyze the behavior of these solutions across various noise strengths, offering insights into their physical interpretations.

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptors and has a poor prognosis as it is resistant to chemotherapy. A new treatment option for this type of cancer may be by putting these malignant cells into dormancy. The oocyte’s embryonic milieu presents a unique tumor reversion microenvironment by inducing growth arrest and changing cells’ phenotypes. We conducted an in-silico study to determine the most likely oocyte extract (OE) proteins involved in inducing dormancy using HDock, CluPro, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Results showed low energy scores for complexes between OE proteins and four surface markers: K1C14, CLD3, CLD4, and ITA6. Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) showed the highest stability and affinity with these four surface markers: K1C14, CLD3, CLD4, and ITA6. These proteins are involved in key tumor-related pathways such as angiogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. This will pave the way for exploring novel therapeutic options to induce dormancy in TNBC cells.

Abstract Desertification, deforestation, climate change, global warming, and economic instability are leading to serious problems in many countries. Two of these negative factors are the decrease in agriculture areas and food scarcity. This situation caused many countries to reconsider their agriculture polices and think of new solutions. The United Nations also addressed the problem via its “SDG—Sustainable Development Goals” agenda. One of its major goals is the change towards green and sustainable communities that can produce their own food. Rooftop farming in places with suitable climatic conditions was encouraged by the “SDG” and governments of many countries. The paper discusses the potential of utilizing Egyptian residential rooftops for rooftop farming, the Egyptian urban fabric is very dense with residential buildings. Taking the Egyptian “Asmarat” residential neighborhood as an exercise, the study aims to fulfilling the following three goals: 1- On a food security Level: if rooftop farming is extensively applied across all cities and villages in Egypt, a mass production threshold of exporting vegetables and fruits may be reached that will significantly participate in the overall national GDP, 2- On a socio-economic level: rooftop farming will create jobs for informal workers and the jobless, turning an individual from a jobless person to a busy one is the best practical solution for changing behavioral norms from the tendency towards crime, hanging around on the streets, and drug addiction towards a decent and productive society., and 3- On an environmental level.: Large cities suffer from crowds, high building densities, pollution, and scarcity of open green areas. Rooftop farming increases the “Urban Green Space—UGS” of the city, reduce pollution, decrease global warming, and purify the atmosphere.

Concrete completely submerged in sulfate solutions has been used as the primary study subject for the durability of concrete subjected to sulfates. On the other hand, empirical data from the field indicates that concrete exposed to sulfates may exhibit physical attack-induced surface scaling above. This study aims to study the two different types of local bacteria, (BS) and (BM), with content of 0%, 0.25%, 1%, 2.50%, and 5.00% by cement weight used in this work under curing in sulfate to examine the efficiency of bacterial self-healing of cracks for sustainable concrete in aggressive sulfate attack environments. The results show that in both curing in freshwater, FW, and sulfate, SUL, the optimum bacteria ratio was 2.5% BM, and the compressive strength improved by 43.34% for FW and 47.65% for sulfate. On the other hand, the results proved that the crack-filling and crack-repairing methods may be considered quicker than conventional methods. Moreover, a detailed conclusion about the preparation and processing of bacteria to provide the most significant content of locally accessible bacteria in Egypt, mainly when using chemical and mineral additives.

Abstract Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a type of chronic inflammatory disorder that affects all age groups including children. AD is characterized by elevated inflammatory marker levels. Aim To assess the safety and effectiveness of topical tacrolimus ointment versus topical hydrocortisone cream in the treatment of pediatric AD by comparing the two treatments' ability to reduce serum cytokines. Patients and Methods One hundred AD patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria completed this clinical study. Two groups of 50 AD patients each were selected from Tanta University's Dermatology Department., Group 1 (the hydrocortisone group) was administered topical hydrocortisone cream for a duration of 4 months. For 4 months, Group 2 was administered tacrolimus topically. Serum levels of thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC), cutaneous T cell attractant chemokine (CTAC), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), E selectin (E‐selectin), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were measured during an evaluation of the patients by a dermatologist at the beginning and 4 months after the treatment had been started. Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index was used to assess quality of life in these patients. Results With the exception of E‐selectin, IL‐6, and IL‐10 (p > .05), the tacrolimus group had a significant reduction in TARC, CTACK, TSLP (p

In both Eastern and Western societies, proficiency in the local language and an understanding of cultural nuances were traditionally considered essential prerequisites for employment. However, a marked deviation from this norm was evident in the Gulf states, where communication with foreign workers became sporadic and, in many cases, was limited to specific roles or enforced through punitive measures. This linguistic neglect perpetuated the erosion of Arab heritage, contributing to the gradual loss of identity. This research aimed to thoroughly analyze the importance of foreign workers in the Gulf countries mastering Arabic. It investigated the impact of neglecting this linguistic aspect and proposed viable solutions to encourage learning, thus contributing to the preservation and enhancement of cultural values, identity, and society in the Gulf region. Using a literature study methodology, the research drew on a variety of sources, including previous research, newspapers, expert studies, and reports. The findings of this research underscored the need for collaborative efforts among countries in the region, drawing inspiration from experiences in the East and West. An important solution identified was activating the principle of shared responsibility, which included the establishment of training centers for expatriates to acquire essential Arabic vocabulary. The implications of this research extended to the establishment of stronger communication links within the country, the creation of international bridges, and the opening of employment opportunities for Arabic language and literature experts.

White mold, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a challenging disease to common bean cultivation worldwide. In the current study, two non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and ß-alanine, were suggested as innovative environmentally acceptable alternatives for more sustainable management of white mold disease. In vitro, GABA and ß-alanine individually demonstrated potent dose-dependent fungistatic activity and effectively impeded the radial growth and development of S. sclerotiorum mycelium. Moreover, the application of GABA or ß-alanine as a seed treatment followed by three root drench applications efficiently decreased the disease severity, stimulated plant growth, and boosted the content of photosynthetic pigments of treated S. sclerotiorum-infected plants. Furthermore, although higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2•−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated that S. sclerotiorum infection had markedly triggered oxidative stress in infected bean plants, the exogenous application of both NPAAs significantly reduced the levels of the three studied oxidative stress indicators. Additionally, the application of GABA and ß-alanine increased the levels of both non-enzymatic (total soluble phenolics and flavonoids), as well as enzymatic (catalase [CAT], peroxidases [POX], and polyphenol oxidase [PPO]) antioxidants in the leaves of S. sclerotiorum-infected plants and improved their scavenging activity and antioxidant efficiency. Applications of GABA and ß-alanine also raised the proline and total amino acid content of infected bean plants. Lastly, the application of both NPAAs upregulated the three antioxidant-related genes PvCAT1, PvCuZnSOD1, and PvGR. Collectively, the fungistatic activity of NPAAs, coupled with their ability to alleviate oxidative stress, enhance antioxidant defenses, and stimulate plant growth, establishes them as promising eco-friendly alternatives for white mold disease management for sustainable bean production.

By combining hydrazide with 2-Acetylpyridine, a hydrazone ligand (HL) was successfully created. Several copper (II) salts have been used to create three copper (II) hydrazone complexes (acetate, sulphate, and chloride). The hydrazide ligand and its copper (II) complexes (1–3) were studied via variety of analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, electronic, infrared, UV–vis Spectrum, XRD study, thermal analysis, also molar conductivity amounts. The spectrum results indicate that in all complexes, the ligand exhibits monobasic tridentate behavior. Octahedral geometries were present in all metal complexes. The Coats-Redfern equations were used to compute and describe the dynamics properties of several steps of TGA (Ea, A, ΔH*, ΔS*, and ΔG*). Calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) were done at the molecular studio software toward examine ligands agent's and its complexes' best structures. The MCF-7 in addition to HepG-2 cell lines was resistant to tumor-inducing effects of the copper (II) chelates. The in vitro antioxidant capacities of all complexes have been estimated via DPPH free radical scavenger assays. Furthermore, zones of inhibition length accustomed to test antimicrobial effect of particular complexes in vitro towards Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria) E. coli (Gram negative bacteria). Both absorption spectra and viscosity measurements in calf thymus DNA binding have been used to study the complexes. In order to explore docking research of copper (II) chelates, the crystallographic construction of the SARS-active CoV-2's site protein (PDB ID:6XBH) was used (COVID-19) and breast cancer distorted (PDB ID: 3hb5).

Abstract This article presents the binding interaction between mebendazole (MBZ) and bovine serum albumin. The interaction has been studied using different techniques, such as fluorescence quenching spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer in addition to molecular docking. Results from Stern Volmer equation stated that the quenching for MBZ-BSA binding was static. The fluorescence quenching spectroscopic study was performed at three temperature settings. The binding constant (kq), the number of binding sites (n), thermodynamic parameters (ΔHο, ΔSο and ΔGο), and binding forces were determined. The results exhibited that the interaction was endothermic. It was revealed that intermolecular hydrophobic forces led to the stabilization of the drug-protein system. Using the site marker technique, the binding between MBZ and BSA was found to be located at subdomain IIA (site I). This was furtherly approved using the molecular docking technique with the most stable MBZ configuration. This research may aid in understanding the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of MBZ and give fundamental data for its safe usage to avoid its toxicity.

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The article delves into the use of bacterial self-healing methods to repair cracks in concrete exposed to aggressive sulfate attack environments. Different types and concentrations of bacteria were studied for their impact on the mechanical properties and crack healing capabilities of concrete, with optimal results seen at a 2.5% bacterial content. Analysis confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate and calcite crystals in bacterial concrete, indicating effective fracture repair. Overall, the study suggests that bacterial concrete shows improved crack healing rates and mechanical properties compared to traditional concrete, with potential applications in sustainable construction practices. [Extracted from the article]