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This article addresses the two analytical methods, i.e., the new iterative transform method (NITM) and the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM), along with an Aboodh transform (AT), to approximate the nonlinear system of two-dimensional (2D) time-fractional Navier-Stokes (TFNS) equations. We take the time-fractional derivative in the form of Atangana-Baleanu (AB). The article's suggested examples examine the accuracy and efficacy of the proposed methods, while the graphs demonstrate their potential and effectiveness. The article also provides demonstrations of uniqueness and convergence. The aforementioned techniques are straightforward and support a high rate of convergence, which helps in understanding the dynamics of fractional nonlinear systems.

Background: Benefit of implant removal in spine surgery remains unclear. While there is mostly consensus about necessity of implant removal in posterior-only stabilized patients, the effect of this measure in cases with combined anterior-posterior stabilization is undetermined. With this work we present a retrospective analysis of 87 patients with traumatic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures concerning quality of life (QOL), loss of correction (LOC) and range of motion (ROM). The effect of implant removal on the outcome 18–74 months after surgery was analyzed to determine how implant removal affects radiologic, functional and quality-of life-related parameters. Patients and methods: 87 patients suffering from a traumatic vertebral body fracture (T11 – L2) were included. Quality of life was determined using four different scoring systems (SF 36, VAS, Oswestry, LBOS). Clinical examination included range of motion. Radiologic findings were correlated with QOL. Results: Patients with removal of the internal fixator had a trend towards better range of motion than patients with posterior instrumentation left in place. Radiologic findings showed no correlation to QOL. Implant removal led to better values in Oswestry and SF-36. 69% of patients after removal reported a reduction of their symptoms.All patients with persistence of severe pain after implant removal belonged to subgroup II.2 (anterior monosegmental fusion with bone graft) Conclusion: Removal of the internal fixator can lead to a reduction of symptoms. Patient selection is crucial for successful indication. Radiologic findings do not correlate with QOL.

This study was conducted through the 2020 and 2021 seasons on prime seedless grapevines grown under Minia Governorate conditions to investigate the effects of five different nutrients: Amino acids (methionine, tryptophane, cystine, cysteine, and lysine) at 0.05 or 0.1%, algae extract at 0.1 or 0.2%, turmeric extract at 0.1 or 0.2%, boric acid at 0.05%, and gibberellic acid (GA3) at 20 ppm on vine vegetative growth characteristics, nutritional status, shot berries, yield, and quality of berries. All the nutrient treated vines showed enhanced growth aspects, nutritional status, yield, and berry quality compared with the untreated controls. The promotion of vegetative growth, vine nutritional status, and some chemical characteristics of berries were related to the application of some amino acids, algae extract, Turmeric extract, boric acid, and (GA3) in descending order. As for the yield, cluster aspects, berry weight, and dimensions, as well as reducing shot berries of clusters were related to the application of some amino acids, algae extract, Turmeric extract, GA3, and boric acid in descending order. Conclusively: Treatment of prime seedless grapevines three times at growth start, just after three growth starts later with some amino acids at 0.1% is the best treatment yield and gave high fruit quality.

The purpose of this study is to examine the managerial impacts of applying modern public financial management (MPFM) tools in financial reform programs on the efficiency of public financial management (PFM) in developing countries, considering the case of the Egyptian reform program implemented during 2005–2015. Applying MPFM tools could improve the efficiency of PFM in developing countries if institutional factors are available to ensure their successful implementation in reform programs. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical method to describe the managerial impact of applying MPFM tools in the financial reform experiences in developing countries. It employed a case study approach on the Egyptian reform experiment to estimate the correlation between applying modern financial tools and the managerial efficiency of PFM assessed through three elements: operational efficiency, allocative efficiency, and financial discipline. The practical study used the IBM SPSS package and MS-Excel to process the data. The results found a positive correlation between the application of modern financial tools and the rate of improvement in the efficiency of PFM in the Egyptian reform program. The study developed a specific model for a deeper understanding of the impacts of MPFM tools on the efficiency of PFM. The model highlighted a strong positive correlation between the successful application of modern PFM tools and the efficiency of PFM and underscored that the availability of the required realtime financial information about governmental revenue and more control over public spending led to achieving financial discipline.

Rationale and objectives: To provide a detailed analysis of injury patterns of the spine following blunt trauma and establish the role of supplementary MRI by evaluating discrepancies in the detection rates of damaged structures in CT and MRI. Method: 216 patients with blunt trauma to the spine who underwent CT followed by supplementary MRI were included in this study. Two board-certified radiologists blinded to clinical symptoms and injury mechanisms independently interpreted all acquired CT and MRI images. The interpretation was performed using a dedicated catalogue of typical findings associated with spinal trauma and assessed for spinal stability using the AO classification systems. Results: Lesions to structures associated with spinal instability were present in 31.0% in the cervical spine, 12.3% in the thoracic spine, and 29.9% in the lumbar spine. In all spinal segments, MRI provided additional information regarding potentially unstable injuries. Novel information derived from supplementary MRI changed clinical management in 3.6% of patients with injury to the cervical spine. No change in clinical management resulted from novel information on the thoracolumbar spine. Patients with injuries to the vertebral body, intervertebral disc, or spinous process were significantly more likely to benefit from supplementary MRI. Conclusion: In patients that sustained blunt spinal trauma, supplementary MRI of the cervical spine should routinely be performed to detect injuries that require surgical treatment, whereas CT is the superior imaging modality for the detection of unstable injuries in the thoracolumbar spine.

Abstract Background Several coronavirus vaccine have been fast-tracked to halt the pandemic, the usage of immune adjuvants that can boost immunological memory has come up to the surface. This is particularly of importance in view of the rates of failure of seroconversion and re-infection after COVID-19 infection, which could make the vaccine role and response debatable. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have an established immune-modulatory role, but their effects as adjuvants to vaccination have not been explored to date. Main body of the abstract It is increasingly recognized that PPAR agonists can upregulate the levels of anti-apoptotic factors such as MCL-1. Such effect can improve the results of vaccination by enhancing the longevity of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). The interaction between PPAR agonists and the immune system does not halt here, as T cell memory is also stimulated through enhanced T regulatory cells, antagonizing PD-L1 and switching the metabolism of T cells to fatty acid oxidation, which has a remarkable effect on the persistence of T memory cells. What is even of a more significant value is the effect of PPAR gamma on ensuring a profound secretion of antibodies upon re-exposure to the offending antigen through upregulating lipoxin B4, therefore potentially assisting the vaccine response and deterring re-infection. Short conclusion In view of the above, we suggest the use of PPAR as adjuvants to vaccines in general especially the emerging COVID-19 vaccine due to their role in enhancing immunologic memory through DNA-dependent mechanisms.

This article addresses the two analytical methods, i.e., the new iterative transform method (NITM) and the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM), along with an Aboodh transform (AT), to approximate the nonlinear system of two-dimensional (2D) time-fractional Navier-Stokes (TFNS) equations. We take the time-fractional derivative in the form of Atangana-Baleanu (AB). The article's suggested examples examine the accuracy and efficacy of the proposed methods, while the graphs demonstrate their potential and effectiveness. The article also provides demonstrations of uniqueness and convergence. The aforementioned techniques are straightforward and support a high rate of convergence, which helps in understanding the dynamics of fractional nonlinear systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial and temporal variability in the water temperature in three surface, subsurface and near the bottom layers were investigated in the Suez Gulf. The gulf under study was divided into five lateral sectors, where temperatures were distributed horizontally and vertically to detect the spots of increase and decrease as well as what may have an impact on both. The pronounced seasonally fluctuations of water temperature were observed at the three layers. The water temperatures were recorde at their highest at the highest latitude (region E), resulting from the natural condition of mixing the gulf water with the worm Red Sea water and the highest intensity of solar radiation. Whereas, at the lowest latitudes (regions A and B), water temperature was at its lowest as a result of the natural condition of the land cooling and the huge human activity in the northern part of the gulf. A fluctuation was noticed in the water temperatures between 17.10 & 27.32oC at the surface, 17.09 & 27.06oC at the subsurface, and 17.00 & 26.86oC near the bottom. Based on the vertical distribution of water temperature, a rising water temperature was recorded in the east of the sectors, while decreasing westward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background To document the visual acuity, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings and prognosis in10 eyes of 6 patients with foveal damage from solar retinopathy in 1 year. Methods This was a prospective, observational case series of patients presented by solar maculopathy at Ophthalmology department, Sohag University. All patients underwent visual acuity (VA) testing, refraction, dilated fundus examination fluorescein angiography (FA) and SD-OCT (spectral Domain ocular coherence Tomography) imaging and follow up for 1 year. Results The mean age was 16.5 years (range 9–27 years, both eyes are affected in 4 patients. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was – 0.25 ± 0.50 D. The visual acuity of the affected eyes ranged from 0.4 to 0.9 on presentation. At presentation Significant foveal pathology was identified on SD-OCT in 10 eyes, All eyes showed disruption of the photoreceptor ellipsoid zone and the interdigitation zone on SD-OCT, Follow up of the cases continued for 1 year.100% of cases showed improvement in VA: 20% eyes regained 1, 50% eyes with VA of 0.9; two eyes 20% 0.8 and one eyes (10%) with 0.4. The improvement began after 1 week and reached its maximum and became stationary after the 6th month of follow up, the outer retinal hole persist in OCT in 80% of cases. Conclusion Solar maculopathy has a good prognosis yet shows no improvement after 6 months. Young age might pose as a risk factor.

Decline of grapevine due to soil borne fungi was surveyed during 2013- 2015 summer growing seasons at El-Fayoum, El-Gharbeia and El-Beheira governorates, Egypt, Syndromes of declined grapevine plants included growth retardant of shoot system and root-rot as well as decrease of grapevine fruit yield quality. Isolation trails from root of declined trees of different grapevine cultivars i.e., superior, flame seedless, King robi and crimson was carried out. The most soil borne fungi associated with root-rotted grapevine were Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend, Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Rhizoctonia solaniKuhn and Macrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Gold. Fusarium spp. are the main fungal associated with different infection types of declined root of grapevine either a singly or in combination with B. theobromae or R. solani as second infection type and third infection type with B. theobromae + R. solani. Under soil artificially infested with 5% (w/w) of each fungal isolates inocula of fourteen isolates obtained were varied for causing wilt and root-rot symptoms of grapevine trees and reducing growth parameters plant height, root length, root size, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root than the control. Botrydiplodia theobromae isolate No. (7)was the most caused root-rot and disease severity of shoot and root of grapevine plant(100%) followed by Fusarium avenacum caused (87.5%) of root –rot and disease severity of shoot and root. Fouthermore, Fusarium avenacum isolate was the most fungal isolate in reducing growth parameters expect root length. This is first record that Fusarium avenacum as a causal organism causing root rot disease of grapevine in Egypt.

Objective: To assess the effect of fasting in Ramadan on amniotic fluid index (AFI). Design: A cross sectional observational study. Methods: This study was conducted between July 21, 2012 and August 17, 2012, which corresponded to the 3rd and 27th days of the month of Ramadan 1433 and from July 12, 2013 and August 6, 2013, which corresponded to the 3rd and 27th days of the month of Ramadan 1434. Pregnant women attending the antenatal care clinic at Assiut and Qena University Hospitals were included in this study. The study groups included fasting and non fasting women beyond 36 weeks of gestation. The study took place at the same time of day (i.e., between 9 and 12 AM). Results: A total of 221 pregnant women were studied, 97 fasting and 124 non fasting. As regards age, parity and the gestational age no significant differences were reported. The AFI was less affected by fasting, also there was a significant difference in the AFI between fasting and non fasting pregnant women with oligohydramnios (4.00 ± 0.82 and 2.64 ± 1.12 respectively). A positive relationship with gravidity was observed as AFI increased with the increase of gravidity in pregnant fasting women, on the other hand there was variable non significant relation between AFI and gravidity in pregnant non fasting women. Conclusion: We conclude that the fasting in Ramadan has no effect on or may improve the AFI in the last month, while gravidity plays a role in the AFI in fasting group.

Purpose We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and duration of pain relief for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients after continuous radiofrequency (CRF) combined with pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment of the Gasserian ganglion (GG). Methods Twenty-one patients were treated with pulsed RF for 6 min repeated after rotating the needle tip by 180°, at a pulse width of 10 ms and at 45 °C. This was followed by conventional RF at 60 °C for 60 s, repeated after needle rotation by 180°, then finally at 65 °C for 60 s also repeated after needle rotation by 180°. Patients were assessed for pain intensity and consumption of analgesics at baseline and 7 days, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after the procedure. The patients' global impression of change (PGIC) scale was also assessed 7 days, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after the procedure. The incidence of facial dysthesia was evaluated 7 days after the procedure. Results Excellent pain relief was achieved for 15 of 21 patients (71.4 %) after 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months. and for 14 of 21 patients (66.7 %) after 12 months. Consumption of analgesics was significantly reduced for more than 6 months, and for fifteen patients the PGIC scale result was very much improved 12 months after the procedure compared with baseline. Eighteen of the 21 patients (85.7 %) experienced facial dysthesia 1 week after the procedure. Conclusion Excellent pain relief and reduced consumption of analgesics for more than 6 months were observed in patients who received PRF combined with CRF to the GG for treatment of idiopathic TN., Author(s): Ali A. Ali Eissa[sup.1] , Raafat M. Reyad[sup.2] , Emad G. Saleh[sup.2] , Amr El-Saman[sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Anesthesiology and Pain management, Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, [...]