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This study examined spectroscopic, thermal, and other qualities, such as the lasing parameters, of Sm3+-doped glass with the composition 40P2O5–30ZnO–20LiCl–10BaF2. The ellipsometric data were used in a Sellmeier dispersion relation to estimate the refractive index values of the glasses investigated. The measured absorption spectra of the doped glass reveal the presence of various absorption bands assigned to transitions from the 6H5/2 ground state attributed to Sm3+-ion-excited states. We studied the decay of the 4G5/2 level of the Sm3+ ions in the doped glass by analyzing its absorption and emission fluorescence spectra. The Judd–Ofelt hypothesis allowed us to determine that the quantum efficiency of the 4G5/2–6H7/2 transition is high: 96% and 97% for glass doped with 4.05 × 1019 ions/cm−3 and 11 × 1019 ions/cm−3, respectively. Furthermore, this glass exhibits efficient red/orange enhanced spontaneous emission that matches the excitation band of the photosensitizer material used in medical applications.

Supercontinuum (SC) generation pumped by fiber lasers with short wavelengths below 2.0 μm is important since it can provide a compact light source for various applications. We review the progress of SC generation in various materials regarding the formation of the waveguides and point out the existing issues in the current investigations and possible solutions in the future.

On the implication of tension force, viscoelastic materials deform in accordance with viscous and elastic characterization. Dilute polymer solutions portray the examples of viscoelastic liquids and Sutterby model successfully represent it due to high degree polymerization distributions. In addition, polymer aqueous solutions behave as shear thinning and thickening liquids in response to infinite shear stress so Sutterby fluid is considered as best model to depict the features of liquids at high stress magnitude. Diverse utilities of diluted polymeric solutions are encountered in industrial, biological and technological practices, for instance, agricultural sprayers, cleansing products, clay coaters, polymerized melts and many more. So, this research communicates theoretical and computational thermal assessment of Sutterby fluid containing radiation aspects over a linearly moving sheet embedded in stratified medium which exposes the novelty of work. Moreover, the impacts of magnetic field and chemical reactions are also obliged. So, the principal objective pertains to adumbrate flow behavior of Sutterby liquid in the attendance of aforementioned physical parameters. Mathematical formulation in view of governing relations are changed into non-dimensionalized form through transformation approach. Convergent and accurate solution is accessed through renowned numerical shooting procedure along with integrated Runge-Kutta scheme. The computed results of emerged parameters on velocity, concentration and thermal fields are revealed by means of snapshots. Magnitude of associated wall drag coefficient and reduced heat and mass fluxes are explained in graphical and tabular formats. The salient outcomes are as follows. Consequence of the proposed research investigation infers that augmenting power index momentum distribution decays whereas skin friction uplifts. Furthermore, it is inferred that concentration distribution amplifies against upsurging magnitude of solutal stratification parameter while opposite nature is noticed in case of temperature profile against associated stratification parameter. Additionally, it is concluded that escalating magnitude of radiation parameter tends to elevates the dimensionless temperature profile. Subsequently, rise in concentration profile against Schmidt number is observed whereas against Prandtl number temperature of fluid expressing declining aptitude. Also, declining response in momentum of fluid is manifested against Reynold and Deborah numbers.

Abstract A single‐phase Bi2VO5.5 powder is formed effectively through a mechanochemical ball milling approach at 650 °C in 5 h and its photocatalytic performance on methylene blue dye is explored. X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analytical instruments are utilized to confirm the phase formation. The evident presence of irregular‐shaped grains is affirmed using a scanning electron microscope. To ascertain the chemical condition of the components present, the Bi2VO5.5 powdered sample undergo an X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation. The sample is analyzed using a time‐dependent photocurrent to discern its charge carrier transportation behavior. A photocatalytic study using Bi2VO5.5 powder produced through the mechanochemical ball milling method has not been explored till now. The efficacy of the ball‐milled Bi2VO5.5 powder to attain enhanced photocatalytic efficiency which hasn't been investigated till now, is explored. The ball‐milled Bi2VO5.5 sample achieved 70% degradation efficiency when performing the photocatalysis investigation. The photocatalytic dye degradation discerns pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and achieves a notable k value of 0.00636 min−1. The scavenger test indicates that h+ radicals are the prominent active species during the photocatalysis experiment. The germination index is determined by conducting a phytotoxicity test with the use of Vigna radiata seeds. Here ball‐milled Bi2VO5.5 powder attains enhanced dye degradation efficiency.

The role of nanofluids in the development of many electronic devices at the industrial level is very significant. This investigation describes the thermal exploration for a bioconvective flow of Maxwell nanoparticles over stretching and revolving the cylinder placed in a porous medium. The fluid flow is in contact with chemically reactive activation energy. The swirling flow is induced by the stretching rotary cylinder. The magnetic effect of constant strength B0 is practiced to the flow system in combination with thermally radiative effects and a heat source/sink for controlling the thermal effects upon the flow system. The thermophoretic and Brownian motion characteristics, due to the nanofluid flow, are captured by implementing the Buongiorno model. The central focus of this study is to explore the thermal and mass transfer for the flow problem accompanied by motile microorganisms. The governing equations have been converted to the dimensionless form with similar variables, and the homotopy analysis method (HAM) has then been applied for solution. It has been concluded in this investigation that fluid flow decays for escalation in the Maxwell, porosity, and magnetic parameters, and Forchheimer and bioconvection Rayleigh numbers, while upsurges with the augmenting values of the Buoyancy factor. With the increasing values of the Brownian number, thermophoretic and radiation factors upsurge the thermal profiles and decline the concentration profiles. Moreover, the density of motile microorganisms declines with the expansion in the Peclet number. The range for η is taken from 0 to seven to get the convergence of the graph.

In medical field, accurate decisions are very important as they risk human lives. decision support system (DSS) plays important role in making accurate decisions and used for classification/prediction. In gene expression analysis, genes are not only inflated by the external environmental conditions but also the expression values of certain genes are affected (like cancer, obesity etc). in this study, various traditional (Support Vector Machine, Decision Trees, and Linear Discriminant Analysis, naïve Bayes, logistic regression, and multilayer perceptron) and proposed methods (combination of traditional with ensemble and probabilistic classifiers) are used in order to perform the classification and prediction analysis. In this study we used the publicly available datasets comprised of Lymphoid, Leukemia and Colon Cancer. The classification performance on Colon dataset with traditional methods was obtained with accuracy (56%) and proposed probabilistic ensemble methods with accuracy (88%). For dataset, Leukemia, the accuracy was obtained using traditional methods (78%) and proposed methods (92%). Similarly, on Lymphoid dataset, the traditional methods yielded accuracy (75%) and proposed methods (87%). The results revealed that proposed methods yielded the improved detection performance. The proposed methods can be used as a better predictor for early diagnosis and improved diagnosis to improve the healthcare systems.

The radiation-protection properties of the magnetic semiconducting quaternary compounds Cu2CoGeS4, Cu2CoGeSe4, and Cu2CoGeTe4 were examined in this study by using Phy-X/PSD software with the selected gamma energy (0.015–15 MeV). The radiation shielding coefficients such as mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MAC) and (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP) of the present semiconductors were calculated. Also, the total electronic and atomic cross-sections (ECS and ACS), the effective atomic number (Zeff), the effective electron density (Neff), and the effective conductivity (Ceff) of these semiconductors were estimated to see how well they could protect against radiation. A comparative study occurred between the obtained results and the corresponding values of RS-253-G18, RS-360, RS-520 glasses, barite, chromite, and ferrite concrete. The results show that semiconducting samples with the best shielding performance outperform RS-253-G18, RS-360 glass, and RS-520 glass materials commonly used in nuclear applications. The Cu2CoGeTe4 sample had the highest MAC, LAC, and ACS, as well as the highest ECS and Zeff values. The other two semiconductor samples had the lowest MAC, ECS, and Zeff values. For photons, charged particles (electrons, protons, alpha particles), and C-ion, Phy-X/PSD allows the calculation of the Zeff quickly and precisely across the entire energy range. This study indicates that the semiconductor samples can be utilized as radiation attenuators for various nuclear fields.

Oxy-Fluoro Boro Tellurite glasses with formula (85-x) TeO2-xB2O3-5Bi2O3-5BaO-5LiF, where x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mol% were prepared by melt-quenching method. All the prepared glasses were extensively studied by several apparatus such as, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC). The optical energy gap and refractive index of the prepared glasses were estimated by UV-Vis spectra. Moreover, the thermal stability, transition activation energy, crystallization activation energy and Avrami parameter of prepared glasses were determined. The optical and thermal properties of the prepared glasses were found to be attributed to the concentrations of phase TeO4 and BO4 units in the glass network. From these results, Oxy-Fluoro Boro Tellurite glass could be used in the optical application such as fiber laser with doping rare earth.

Novel transparent glasses and glass-ceramics were fabricated by using melt-quenching technique with the following composition: TeO2–WO3–Nb2O5–KF–La2O3 doped with Tm2O3. Different properties and physical parameters of these glasses were investigated. As the concentration of Tm3+ ions increases, the linear refractive index increases while the optical energy gap decreases. With high Tm3+ ion concentration creates nucleation in the glass matrix this was investigated by x-ray diffraction. The Judd-Ofelt parameters used to calculate the electric and magnetic dipole transition probabilities, branching ratios, and radiative lifetimes of various excited states of Tm3+-doped parent glass. The emission cross section values for the 3F4→3H6 transition computed by using the McCumber hypothesis. The stimulated emission cross section σeFL(λ) and gain values of fabricated glass increase with Tm3+ ions. The spectroscopic quality and figure of merit (FOM) gain (σeFL(λ)×τR) factors were evaluated for the prepared transparent glass. Furthermore, the produced glasses were demonstrated to have low OH content and they have high fluoride ion content. These important properties of the glasses and glass-ceramics make them suitable for use in photonic applications.

The main intention of this research article is to introduce a new class of generalized fractional differential equations that fall into the categories of Sturm-Liouville’s, Langevin’s, and hybrid’s problems involving Y-Caputo fractional derivatives. The existence of the solutions of the proposed equations is discussed by using the technique of the measure of noncompactness related to the fixed point theorem, which is a generalization of Darbo’s fixed point theorem. Additionally, pertinent examples are provided along with the different values of the function Y to confirm the validity of the reported results.

In this paper, new explicit wave solutions via liquid-gas bubbles are obtained for the fractional Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov (KS) equation under thermodynamic assumptions. A new fractional definition is applied to get these solutions that are utilized to represent the phenomenon of pressure waves under thermodynamic conditions. Two analytical techniques are used to explore the model which is sinh-Gorden equation expansion and Riccati-Bernoulli Sub-ODE methods. These approaches provide complex hyperbolic, hyperbolic, complex trigonometric, and trigonometric solutions for the fractional KS equation, particularly singular, combined singular, dark, bright, combined dark-bright, and other soliton solutions. Furthermore, acquired results are illustrated by 3D graphs for suitable parametric values that highlight the physical importance and dynamical behaviors of the equation. It is also demonstrated that the purposed approaches are powerful strategies for developing exact traveling wave solutions for a wide range of problems found in mathematical sciences.

In this work, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions to a system of nonautonomous fractional differential equations. The fractional derivative of the system at hand is ψ- Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. Some significant properties of this derivative that assist in the analysis of our results substantial are proved. The analysis is based on Guo-Krasnoselskii’s and Banach’s fixed point theorem. Finally, we give two examples to verify our results.

This research investigates the influence of the concentration of Sm+3 ions on the properties of a new borosilicate glass system with the composition 50B2O3– 14SiO2- 20Li2O– 15Na2O– 1.0Al2O3-x(Sm2O3), where × = 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm. The glasses are characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV– Vis-NIR, and photoluminescence spectra. The XRD results proved that all glasses prepared are amorphous. Moreover, it was found that the values of density (ρ), and refractive index (n), rise with increasing of Sm+3 content. Otherwise, the value of molar volume, optical energy gap, and boron-boron distance decrease by increasing Sm+3 concentration. The structure of glasses studied was investigated by computing Internuclearri, Polaron radius rp, field strength F and the deconvolution of FTIR spectra. Judd-Ofelt theory was applied to clarify the structural changes and nature of the bonds of glasses prepared. Moreover, a spectroscopic quality factor, the branching ratio (βr), and lifetime (τ) are calculated with the use of Judd-Ofelt parameters. The color chromaticity of the glasses confirmed that the emission in the white-reddish orange region under 402 nm excitation is affected by the concentration of Sm3+ ions. The results of photoluminescence emission stimulated emission cross-section, and CIE chromaticity leads to the conclusion that the glass BSLNA5 are promising candidates as laser material for light-emitting diode (LED).

We manufactured a new series of borosilicate glass doped with Dy3+ ions using a glass-quenching technique. To achieve the unique luminescence properties of our prepared glass, rare earth (Dy2O3) was incorporated into the glass matrix. The photoluminescence spectrum revealed five intense emission bands allocated at wavelengths 483 nm, 575 nm, 665 nm, 712 nm, and 752 nm, attributed to the transition from 4F9/2 → 6H15/2, 4F9/2 → 6H13/2, 4F9/2→ 6H11/2, 4F9/2→ 6F3/2, and 4F9/2→ 6H9/2 respectively. From the emission results of prepared glass at excitation wavelength 350 nm, we used our glass as a new solid laser source for the production of white light. From radiative properties measurements, the luminescence performance of fabricated samples showed a strong transition, with limited transition life and high values of branching ratio. Additional physical parameters were evaluated, such as density, optical packing density, and molar volume. By X-ray diffraction, we observed that all the prepared samples were of the amorphous phase. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy demonstrated the effect of incorporating Dy2O3 on the structure of our prepared glass. From the spectrum of absorption transitions, optical band gap Eg, refractive index (n), and Urbach energy (ΔE) were obtained. To research glass bonding nature, Judd-Ofelt strength parameters (Ωλ and λ = 2, 4, 6) were obtained; these parameters were used to achieve the spectroscopic efficiency factor, branching ratios (βr), and lifetime (τ). Moreover, the cross-sections of emission and absorption of our prepared glass was estimated. Finally, our cumulative study findings indicate that these manufactured samples may be used in luminescent display devices as a white light laser diode (W-LED).

The synthesis of a photo-catalyst with a narrow bandgap and efficient capability to degrade contaminants in the presence of sunlight is currently challenging but exciting. In this work, an efficient photocatalytic ternary nanocomposite g-C3N4/Cu@CdS has been synthesized successfully by using the co-precipitation method. The synthesized composite was then characterized by SEM, XRD studies, EDX analysis, and ultra-violet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. The catalytic efficiency for the methylene blue (MB) dye and drug degradation (ciprofloxacin) was assessed by UV-visible absorption spectra. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were used to test the fabrication composite’s antibacterial properties. Various compositions (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) of/Cu@CdS nanocomposite (NCs) and 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of g-C3N4 NCs were prepared. Results reveal that 5%Cu@CdS and 40%g-C3N45%Cu@CdS showed maximum antibacterial activity and photocatalytic degradation of dye and drug. The X-ray pattern showed no remarkable change in doped and pristine CdS nanoparticles (NPs). The efficient photocatalytic degradation activity of the fabricated ternary nanocomposite against MB dye and ciprofloxacin an antibiotic drug makes it a viable contender for solving environmental problems.

Tellurite glass (TLZNT) with compositions 75TeO2–5Li2O–10ZnO–(10–x) Nb2O5−x Tm2O3, (doped with x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 in mol%) were prepared through the melt quenching technique. In the present work, the glass transition value slightly decreased from 351 to 347 °C otherwise thermal stability ΔTchangesfrom118to164°C of (TLZNT) glasses, investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The influence of Tm3+ ions (RE) on the structure of the TLZNT glasses was studied through different techniques such as X-ray pattern diffraction and Raman/Fourier transform infrared spectra. Moreover, the ratio of the relative bridging oxygen (BO) to non-bridging oxygen (NBO) in the prepared glass network was determined. Next, the packing density of oxygen, density, molar refraction, molar volumes, metallization criterion, molar polarizability, and linear refractive index of the prepared glasses were computed. The optical energy gap, the Judd–Ofelt parameters (J–O), the radiative branching ratio (βR), and the radiative lifetime (τR) of Tm3+ in TLZNT glasses were determined. The absorption cross section (σABS), emission cross section (σEMIS), and gain coefficient (σGA) were evaluated in the range wavelength of 1500–2000 nm. The high value of σEMIS(1.50 × 10−20 cm2) of the 3H6 → 3F4 transition of TLZNT3 glass was reported. We produced TLZNT glasses in which the addition of Tm2O3 improved the ΔT against nucleation and crystallization what is in good agreement with the decrease of the average force constant (F-) from 225 to 221.7 N/m with increasing Tm2O3. For the 1870 nm emission band, the emission cross section was determined to be approximately 1.5 × 10−20 cm2. Finally, the results herein will denote that the TLZNT glasses are a promising solid material for optical applications that could be excited by a commercial laser diode (LD).

The melt-quenching approach was used to prepare phosphate–titanite glasses with the composition P2O5-Na2O-CaO-8KF-CaCl2-xTiO2 (where x = 2, 4, and 6) in a mol %. The optical, physical, and shielding properties, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), effective electron density (Neff), and effective atomic number (Zeff), of the glasses were investigated at energies ranging between 15 and 200 keV. The shielding parameters were investigated using recently developed software (MIKE). The optical properties were examined using devices such as UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy over wavelengths ranging between 190 and 2500 nm. The reported results showed that increasing the concentration of TiO2 led to an increase in the density from 2.657 to 2.682 g/cm3 and an increase in the OPD from 66.055 to 67.262 mol/L, while the molar volume (VM) and oxygen molar volume (VO) decreased from 39.21 to 39.101 cm3/mol and from 15.139 to 14.867 cm3/mol, respectively. The energy gap was found to decrease from 3.403 to 3.279 eV when the TiO2 concentration increased. Furthermore, as the surface plasmon resonance of TiO2 increases, so does its third-order susceptibility, non-linear refractive indices, linear attenuation, and mass attenuation. The shielding performance evaluation indicates that the most suitable energy range is between 15 and 50 keV. Based on the results, the PCKNT3 glass sample exhibits the highest attenuation performance of all of the samples tested.

A new glass with a composition of 40P2O5-30ZnO-20LiCl-10BaF2 (in mol%), doped with 3.5Nd2O3-3.5Yb2O3, was fabricated by the quenching melt technique. The luminescence (PL) and gamma spectroscopy of the glass were investigated systematically. The spectroscopic parameters of the prepared glass, such as the optical energy gap, Judd–Ofelt parameters Ωk (where k = 2, 4 and 6), lifetimes and branching ratio of the Nd3+/Yb3+ level, were evaluated. Moreover, the shielding parameters, such as the linear and mass attenuation coefficients, mean free path and half-value layer, were evaluated. The prepared glass had a spectroscopic quality factor (Ω4/Ω6) of 0.84, which is about three-times larger than that of the most standard laser host, Nd3+:YAG. The energy of the 2P1/2 (Nd3+) level (~23,250 cm−1) was twice the energy of the Yb3+ transition (~10,290 cm−1). The value of the emission cross section (σem(λ)) of Nd3+:4F3/2→4I9/2 and Yb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2 were 2.23 × 10−24 cm2 and 2.88 × 10−24 cm2, respectively. The fabricated glass had a high emission cross section and low mean free path parameters, which makes the fabricated glass a potential candidate for multifunctional applications, such as laser emissions for medical purposes.

The thermal properties and the kinetic parameters of TeO2–Li2O–ZnO–Nb2O5–Yb2O3 glass series have been evaluated as a function of increasing Yb2O3 content. The theoretical elastic properties and the quantitative analysis (the link between the elastic features and the changed chemical composition of the glass) have been determined by the use of bond compression and Makishima–Mackenzie models. The thermal analysis Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test was used for estimating the glass characteristics temperatures, thermal stability, and non-isothermal kinetic parameters at the heating rates (β) 10, 15, 20 and 25 K/min. The activation energies of the glass transition 〈Eg〉 and crystallization 〈Ec〉, as well as the order of the crystallization reaction (n), have been computed by different models with clear consistency and harmony between them. It was found that the characteristics temperatures of transition (Tg), softening (Ts), the onset of the crystallization (Tx) and the crystallization (Tc) increased with increasing the heating rate. Also, the results showed the higher thermal stability values (>100 K) for the understudied glass which is confirmed by KSP and ((Tc–Tg)/Tg) parameters values. Calculating of (n) showed that the crystallization started with surface nucleation and finished with bulk volume nucleation with rising Yb2O3 (mol %). The computed elastic moduli were linked with the interpretation of the thermal parameters to give a comprehensive image of the studied glass system.

This analysis aims to determine photon attenuation for five different ternary and binary iodide compounds using Phy-X/PSD software. For a broad range of photon energies between 0.015 and 15 MeV, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP) for the samples of Cu2HgI4, Ag2HgI4, CuI, AgI, and HgI were calculated. For illustration, the following values of TVL apply at 1 MeV: S1: 6.062 cm, S2: 6.209 cm, S3: 6.929 cm, S4: 6.897 cm, and S5: 4.568 cm. Some important parameters, such as total atomic cross-sections (ACS), electronic cross-sections (ECS), the effective atomic numbers (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), and effective conductivity (Ceff) of the samples were also calculated. Additionally, exposure buildup factors (EBF) and energy-absorption buildup factor (EABF) were estimated. These data on the radiation characteristics of our samples could be useful for gamma attenuation. The HgI sample has the highest FNRCS values (0.0892) relative to the other tested samples showing good neutron attenuation features. The CuI sample shows low gamma attenuation features; in contrast, it shows high neutron attenuation features.

This article aims to study the detailed thermal behavior, characterization of kinetics and the luminescence properties of TeO2–Li2O–ZnO–Nb2O5–Er2O3 glass system as a function of increasing Er2O3 (mol%). Kinetic parameters of the glass series have been studied by the data obtained from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non-isochronal circumstances at heating rates (β) 10, 15, 20 and 25 K min−1 using the continuous-heating technique. The glass thermal stability (ΔT), the thermal relaxation resistance (ΔS) and the glass stability parameter (KSP) have been calculated to state the applicability of using the glass in specific fields and applications. Activation energies of both the glass transition (Eg) and crystallization (Ec) processes were determined from the shift of the transition (Tg) and crystallization (Tc) temperatures with the different heating rates using Kissinger’s and Ozawa’s techniques. The kinetic Avrami number (order of the crystallization reaction) (n) was also calculated to define the mechanism of the crystallization process. Quantitative interpretation of the kinetic parameters (the relation between thermal and structural properties with changing the chemical composition) also has been provided. The luminescence properties showed that the glass with the least concentration of Er2O3 (0.5 mol %) exhibited the higher emission intensity which might be a suitable candidate for the green laser applications. Keywords: Tellurite glass, Kinetics, Luminescence, Erbium

The prepared glass samples within the composition (85-x) TeO2-xB2O3-5Bi2O3-5SrCl2-5LiF (TBBSL) with x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mol% were synthesized. The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed the amorphous nature of the system. The density (ρ), molar volume (vm) and oxygen packing density (OPD) have been measured and calculated. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) of TBBSL glasses showed the presence of TeO3, TeO4, BO3, BO4, LiF, SrO and BiO6. Also, FTIR spectra identified that the substitution of B2O3 with TeO2 in glass system led to convert the TeO4 to TeO3 and the formation of bridging structure Te-O-B with increasing the B2O3 mol%, consequently the BO4 units convert to BO3 and so the number of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) increases. The optical band gaps (Eopt), the Urbach energy (ΔE) and refractive index (n) have been calculated from optical absorption spectra. Thermal characterization was determined by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) at different heating rates 10, 15, 20, 25 °C/min. The prepared glasses showed high thermal stability. High reflective index and higher thermal stability made the synthesized glass system is a suitable candidate for the large bulk glass and optical fiber production. Keywords: Oxyhalide tellurite glasses, FTIR, Uv–vis spectroscopy, Thermal analysis

Silver phosphate glass types within composition 60P2O5-30ZnO-10CuO-100000 ppm Ag2O were prepared by melt-quenching technique. The optical properties of these glass types were studied under UV exposure at different times, 0, 20, 80, 105, and 115 minutes. The optical absorbance spectra were measured in the range of wavelength from 190 to 3200 nm. The absorbance bandwidth decreases with increasing the time of UV exposure. The optical energy gap, Eg, linear refractive index, n, ratio between molar refraction, Rm, and molar volume, Vm, and metallization criterion (M) were estimated. The value of Eg decreases from 2.132 to 1.91 eV with increasing the time of UV exposure from 0 to 115 min. Otherwise n value and metallization increase with increase in the time of UV exposure. The results indicated that these glass types are promising for using an ultraviolet radiation dosimeter.

Background Antenatal test is done to evaluate fetus health and the risk of adverse outcomes during the course of a pregnancy. Amniotic fluid is an important part of pregnancy which plays a vital role in the normal growth of the fetus and, promotes muscularskeletal development and allows for easier fetal movement. The aim of this study was to assess the perinatal outcomes in pregnant women having borderline amniotic fluid index. Methods this was a prospective case control that was conducted on all Pregnant women who were enrolled from patients attending Zagazig university hospitals and Al-Ahrar teaching hospital for antenatal care. patients are divided into two groups: 1-Group A: will include 42 patients with normal AFI (8-22cm). 2-Group B: will include 42 patients with borderline AFI (5-8 cm). Results This study revealed no statistically significant difference between two groups (patients and control) regarding Gestational age of the baby, age, induction of labour, fetal distress syndrome, delivery, liquor and APGAR score while there was highly statistically significant difference between two groups regarding Amniotic fluid index and the baby weight. Also, this study showed statistically significant between two groups regarding NICU. Regarding the correlations of AFI, there was non statistically significant difference found between Amniotic fluid index and Complications, Induction of labour, Fetal distress syndrome, Delivery, APGAR, BABY WT (kg) and NICU, and there was highly statistically significant difference found between Amniotic fluid index and Gestational age(Week), and there was highly statistically significant difference found between Amniotic fluid index and LIQUOR, and there was statistically significant difference found between Amniotic fluid index and Fetal distress syndrome. Most of the cases and controls were belonging to age group 18-33 years i.e. cases 52% and controls 51%. The mean age of cases was 24.12±3.01 years in cases and 25.10 ± 3.78 years for controls. Sixty nine women were induced and 15 were failed induction in the cases, while only 1 woman was induced in the controls. The decision for induction or allowing for spontaneous labor was taken depending upon the stage of labor, favorability of the cervix and AFI. In our study, there was no statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding APGAR. There was no statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding liquor. Conclusion Adverse perinatal outcome is seen in higher percentage of patients having oligohydramnios than that of borderline AFI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]