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This in vitro study assessed the effect of different primers on the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets bonded to reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrate. A total of 40 specimens were randomly distributed to two groups based on the primer used for orthodontic bonding: group 1 (control)—Transbond XT adhesive with Visio.link primer and group 2 (test)—orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT) with traditional orthodontic primer. After bonding, specimens were thermocycled followed by SBS testing and ARI scoring of debonded specimens. Data were analyzed using the unpaired independent t-test and the Chi-square test. Group 1 specimens showed significantly higher SBS values (21.38 ± 1.48 MPa) compared to group 2 specimens (18.63 ± 1.29 MPa) (p < 0.0001). Adhesive remnant index scores showed no significant variations in bond failure modes and distributions between groups. The SBS obtained by the tested primers exceeded the clinically recommended value. Consequently, there is a comparable clinical application for both tested primers in orthodontic bonding, especially the traditional orthodontic primer, where the availability of Visio.link in clinical practice is not ensured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic multisystemic disease that is the most common inherited cause of severe childhood obesity. PWS patients are prone to significant oral and systemic health issues that detrimentally affect quality of life and decrease longevity. This report documents full‐mouth pre‐prosthetic surgical and restorative care in an adult PWS patient. Case Report: The patient, a 29‐year‐old male, presented to the clinic accompanied by his guardians (parents) with the chief complaint that "My Teeth are breaking down and I would like to get them fixed". Periodontal and prosthetic comprehensive clinical and radiographic exams revealed a severely worn dentition, deep anterior overbite, altered passive eruption with generalized biofilm‐induced gingivitis, and altered occlusal vertical dimension. Full mouth crown lengthening surgery combined with full mouth prosthodontic reconstruction was performed under parenteral sedation and local anesthesia. Completion of treatment was successful, and the patient was placed on a 3‐month periodontal maintenance interval. Discussion: Full mouth periodontal surgical and prosthodontic reconstruction on a PWS patient has not previously been reported in the literature. This case underscores the potential need for complex dental care in patients with this syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research in humans and animal models has begun to unravel the complex mechanisms that drive the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis. Neutrophils mount an early and rapid response to the subgingival oral microbiome, producing destructive enzymes to kill microbes. Chemokines and cytokines are released that attract macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells to the site. Dendritic cells, the focus of this review, are professional antigen-presenting cells on the front line of immune surveillance. Dendritic cells consist of multiple subsets that reside in the epithelium, connective tissues, and major organs. Our work in humans and mice established that myeloid dendritic cells are mobilized in periodontitis. This occurs in lymphoid and nonlymphoid oral tissues, in the bloodstream, and in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Moreover, the dendritic cells mature in situ in gingival lamina propria, forming immune conjugates with cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ T cells, called oral lymphoid foci. At such foci, the decisions are made as to whether to promote bone destructive T helper 17 or bone-sparing regulatory T cell responses. Interestingly, dendritic cells lack potent enzymes and reactive oxygen species needed to kill and degrade endocytosed microbes. The keystone pathogen P. gingivalis exploits this vulnerability by invading dendritic cells in the tissues and peripheral blood using its distinct fimbrial adhesins. This promotes pathogen dissemination and inflammatory disease at distant sites, such as atherosclerotic plaques. Interestingly, our recent studies indicate that such P. gingivalis-infected dendritic cells release nanosized extracellular vesicles called exosomes, in higher numbers than uninfected dendritic cells do. Secreted exosomes and inflammasome-related cytokines are a key feature of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Exosomes communicate in paracrine with neighboring stromal cells and immune cells to promote and amplify cellular senescence. We have shown that dendritic cell-derived exosomes can be custom tailored to target and reprogram specific immune cells responsible for inflammatory bone loss in mice. The long-term goal of these immunotherapeutic approaches, ongoing in our laboratory and others, is to promote human health and longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the proposed elicitation process that can be utilized to quantify the effectiveness of Bayesian networks in the probabilistic failure analysis of complex structures like bridges and dams. Also cited are a real-life study using the networks to analyze the safety of the Mountain Chute Dam and Generating Station in Ontario, and the possible reasons behind a dam's failure like excessive loads due to unexpected flood events.

Background: Increasing evidence implicates biofilms, consisting of species such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), in the etiology of peri-implantitis. Multiple approaches to ablate biofilms on failing implants have been proposed and include use of lasers, most recently the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser. The purpose of this study is to establish an in vitro single-species biofilm model on implant surfaces and determine power settings of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser that remove biofilm without causing physical damage to disks.Methods: Single-species biofilms consisting of Pg strain 381 were grown on titanium disks, including: 1) sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA); 2) calcium phosphate nano-coated (CaP); 3) anodized; or 4) machined surfaces. Power settings from 0 to 1.5 W using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser equipped with radial firing tip were used. Biofilm formation/removal was quantitated using confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Surface changes in temperature, microroughness, and water contact angle were analyzed.Results: Results show confluent Pg biofilm coating all disk surfaces. The laser removed biofilms from all surfaces, with CaP and SLA surfaces requiring power setting of 1.0 to 1.5 W for ablation of bacteria coating the disks. Within this power range, and with water spray, there were no changes in surface temperature, surface roughness, or contact angle on any surfaces tested.Conclusion: The Er,Cr:YSGG laser with radial firing tip and water spray was able to effectively ablate ≥95% of biofilm on all types of tested titanium surfaces, using clinically relevant power settings, without causing measurable physical changes to surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis. It contributes to high morbidity and mortality in this population. In-hospital mortality of SBP ranges between 20% and 40%, suggesting that further refinements are essential in managing SBP. Early recognition of high-risk patients would enable us to reduce the short-term mortality. Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the value of clinical, biochemical and inflammatory markers in the prediction of 1-month and 3-month cumulative mortality in patients with SBP. Patients and methods: Two hundred patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SBP were enrolled. They were admitted and received the proper treatment at the National Liver Institute Hospital-Menoufia University, Egypt. Patients were prospectively followed up for mortality over a period of three months. Predictors of mortality were assessed and analyzed. Results: Mortality rates were 20% and 41% at 1 month and 3 month respectively. Our findings showed that low blood pressure, abdominal pain, fever, higher Child-Pugh score, MELD score, serum bilirubin, INR, serum creatinine, Creactive protein to albumin (CRP/Albumin) ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), massive splenomegaly and large ascites have been demonstrated as risk factors associated with short-term mortality. Conclusion: SBP carries a high risk of mortality among cirrhotic patients. Clinical parameters (low blood pressure, abdominal pain, fever, massive splenomegaly and large ascites), prognostic scores (Child-Pugh and MELD) and inflammatory markers (CRP, CRP/albumin ratio, and NLR) seem to be accurate and reliable tools that could independently predict short-term mortality in patients with SBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]