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Microalgae have the potential to become the primary source of biodiesel, catering to a wide range of essential applications such as transportation. This would allow for a significant reduction in dependence on conventional petroleum diesel. This study investigates the effect of biostimulation techniques utilizing nanoparticles of Magnesium oxide MgO, Calcium hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, and Zinc oxide ZnO to enhance the biodiesel production of Chlorella sorokiniana. By enhancing cell activity, these nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to improve oil production and subsequently increase biodiesel production. Experimentally, each nanomaterial was introduced at a concentration of 15 mg L−1. The results have shown that MgO nanoparticles yielded the highest biodiesel production, with a recorded yield of 61.5 mg L−1. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, on the other hand, facilitated lipid accumulation. ZnO nanoparticles showcased a multifaceted advantage by enhancing both growth and lipid content. Thus, it is suggested that these nanoparticles can be used effectively to increase the lipid content of microalgae. These findings highlight the potential of biostimulation strategies utilizing MgO, hydroxyapatite, and zinc oxide nanoparticles to bolster biodiesel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Biogas generation from the latent energy in biomass is one of the most attractive renewable energy sources. This can be attributed to the environmental friendly nature of the process and its less energy requirements. This article reviews the anaerobic digestion of biomass (livestock manure and crop residues) for biogas and methane production as a source of renewable energy. Furthermore, this study investigates the enhancement of biogas and methane production using light and laser radiations. The laser radiation accelerates bacterial division and growth, where this process is termed as "photobiostimulation." Additionally, laser radiation photoactivates the inactive enzymes. The results of this literature review showed that the irradiation of methanogenic bacteria with laser sources increased the biogas production by one and a half fold the traditional method of biogas production. The simultaneous irradiation of both nanomaterials and methanogenic bacteria using laser radiation increased the biogas volume by twofolds the biogas volume resulted from the traditional method of biogas production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is considered one of the major health problems worldwide and the burden is even heavier in Africa. Nanomedicine is considered one of the most promising medical research applications nowadays. This is due to the unique physical and chemical properties of materials at the nanoscale. Silver nanoparticles have been extensively studied recently in many biomedical applications especially in cancer treatment, since they possess multifunctional effects that make these nanostructures ideal candidates for biomedical applications. AgNPs have been proved to have anti‐tumour activity and the mode of cell death was shown to be apoptotic. The goal of the current work was to investigate the degree of DNA damage that may result from the usage of AgNPs as a photosensitiser in photo‐inactivation and to evaluate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the treatment. The results showed the occurrence of DNA damage in lung cancer cells (A549) through the generation of ROS shown by mitochondrial membrane potential changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]