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The main objective of this study is to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from various Egyptian dairy products, examine their antibacterial and hemolysis potential, and ensure their safety when used as starter cultures in different dairy industries. Egyptian dairy products are often made without the use of commercial starter cultures, using raw milk and artisanal methods. The most popular traditional dairy products are Laban Rayeb and Zabady, as well as the cheese varieties of Ras, Domiati, and Karish. The microbial communities used for fermentation and the diversity of lactic acid bacteria are the most important factors that can affect the quality of these products. In order to investigate the diversity of cocci lactic acid bacteria in Egyptian dairy products, 70 samples of raw or fermented milk and cheeses were collected from traditional cheese-making factories, local markets, and farmhouses located in the Delta area of Egypt. Following this, the LAB were isolated from the samples. One hundred fifty-seven isolates of Gram-positive, catalase-negative, and cocci bacterial species were identified via rep-PCR, and some isolates were confirmed using pheS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, as follows: Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (three isolates), Enterococcus hirae (three isolates), Enterococcus faecium (ninety-six isolates), Enterococcus faecalis (forty isolates), Enterococcus durans (six isolates), Lactococcus garvieae (one isolate), Pediococcus acidilactici (seven isolates), and Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis (one isolate). These findings validate that five strains have strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes, and one hundred thirty-four strains were safe for hemolysis. The five strains were selected as protective cultures, including Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, E. faecalis, and E. faecium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ideal adjuvant is one that able to aid in early stimulation of the humeral immune response, and to promote the production of high antibody titers that would persist for long duration as well as stimulate the cellular immune response. This immunological study was conducted to reveal the aluminum hydroxide gel effect with the use of oil adjuvants on the immune response of polyvalent foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine in sheep. Twenty five sheep, were divided to five group (five animals/group) where the 1st group was vaccinated with polyvalent FMD ISA 206 oil vaccine, 2nd group was vaccinated with polyvalent FMD ISA 206 + aluminum hydroxide gel vaccine, 3rd group was vaccinated with polyvalent ISA 201 oil vaccine, 4th group was vaccinated with polyvalent ISA 201 + aluminum hydroxide gel vaccine, 5th group was kept as a negative control (non-vaccinated). Blood and Serum samples were collected from vaccinated animals for monitoring the cellular and humeral immune responses. The results showed that sheep groups immunized with the vaccine prepared with ISA 201with aluminum hydroxide gel is considered the best cellular and humeral immunity post vaccinal response then ISA 201 followed by ISA 206 with aluminum hydroxide gel and the last one is the vaccine prepared with ISA 206 alone.It can be concluded that, ISA oils with aluminum hydroxide gel induce the best cellular and humeral immunity.

Hymedesmiidae is one of the largest families of marine sponges and stands out as an exceptional source of variable metabolites with diverse biological activities. In this study, the ethyl acetate fraction (HE) of a Hymedesmia sp. marine sponge from the Red Sea, Egypt, was analyzed for the first time using Ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis. The analysis tentatively identified 29 compounds in this fraction, including the isolation and identification of six compounds (two pyrimidine nucleosides, one purine, and two pyrimidine bases in addition to one cerebroside) for the first time. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), MS (mass spectrometry), and IR (infrared) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the ethyl acetate fraction were evaluated in vitro. The fraction exhibited strong DPPH scavenging activity with an IC50 of 78.7 µg/mL, compared to ascorbic acid as a positive control with an IC50 of 10.6 µg/mL. It also demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 13.5 µg/mL and 25.3 µg/mL against HCT-116 and HEP-2 cell lines, respectively, compared to vinblastine as a positive control with IC50 values of 2.34 µg/mL and 6.61 µg/mL against HCT-116 and HEP-2, respectively. Additionally, the ethyl acetate fraction displayed promising antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a MIC value of 62.5 µg/mL, compared to ciprofloxacin as a positive control with MIC values of 1.56 µg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria and 3.125 µg/mL for Gram-negative bacteria. It also exhibited activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa with MIC values of 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Briefly, this is the first report on the biological activities and secondary metabolite content of the ethyl acetate fraction of Hymedesmia sp. marine sponge, emphasizing the potential for further research against resistant bacterial and fungal strains, as well as different cancer cell lines. The ethyl acetate fraction of Hymedesmia sp. is a promising source of safe and unique natural drugs with potential therapeutic and pharmaceutical benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antibiofilm, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of the methanolic extract of Padina pavonica L. were determined. Results deduced that the algal extract had a high biofilm formation inhibitory action done via crystal violet (CV) assay, to 88–99%. The results showed a strong antibacterial against the identified bacteria species. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, and the extract had moderate antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Streptococcus agalactiae. The algal extract has a concentration-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity (84.59%, with IC50 = 170.31 µg/ml). The inhibitory percent of P. pavonica methanolic extract in vitro antiproliferative activity was 1.79–98.25% with IC50 = 15.14 µg/ml against lung carcinoma. Phenols, terpenes, amino acids, alkaloids, flavones, alcohols, and fatty acids were among the metabolites whose biological actions were evaluated. In conclusion, for the first time, P. pavonica methanolic extract exhibited effective antibiofilm, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination of animal feeds with mycotoxins is one of the most serious issues in the world of animal nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) versus oxytetracycline (OXY) in reducing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicity in rabbits fed contaminated diets. This experiment was done on 48 weaned NZW, four groups (n = 12). The first (AF) served as the control group feed on an infected diet by AFB1 between 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg BW; second (AF + OXY) received an infected diet by AFB1 and was treated with OXY 200 mg/kg BW/day; third (AF + PPE) received an infected diet by AFB1 and treated with PPE 130 mg/kg BW/day; fourth (AF + OXY + PPE) received an infected diet by AFB1 and treated with a daily oral dose of 100 mg/kg BW/day of OXY + PPE (65 mg/kg BW/day), the experiment lasted for 8 weeks experiment. The treated group with PPE and its combination with OXY concurrent with AF showed amelioration markedly for liver and kidney function. To summarise, adding PPE and combining it with OXY at a half dose to an AFB1‐contaminated diet can help minimise the harmful effects of AFB1 on rabbit performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ULVA selenium nanoparticles (USeNPs) were synthesized and characterized, then examined for their wound healing capacity through in vitro assay showing promising healing (82.27%) with USeNPs concentration (500µg/mL). We also determined the antifungal potential via agar well diffusion technique, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which was evaluated by a micro-dilution assay. The synergistic effect of the USeNPs individually or in combination with standard antifungal antibiotic (ketoconazole;100μg/mL) was studied against Cryptococcus neoformans RCMB 0049001 and Candida lipolytica RCMB 005007(1). Geotrichum candidum RCMB 041001 was also checked by agar well diffusion assay, followed by transmission electron microscopy to assess different changes in the most sensitive fungal yeast cells. The results indicated that USeNPs have a promising antifungal effect against C. neoformans RCMB 0049001 and C. lipolytica RCMB 005007(1) by achieving remarkable inhibition zones. In comparison, no effect was detected on G. candidum RCMB 041001. The MIC was found to be 78.1μg and 312.5μg for C. neoformans RCMB 0049001 and C. lipolytica RCMB 005007(1), respectively. The biosynthetic USeNPs have a strong antifungal potential and can elevate and strengthen the action of ketoconazole antibiotic towards different fungal pathogens, and this was obvious In the experiment of synergism carried out in the present study based on combining ketoconazole;100μg/mL with USeNPs, which resulted in a detached C. neoformas RCMB 0049001 cells with a severe dramatic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Poultry Science Journal is the property of Egyptian Poultry Science Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of heavy metals in hematological, serum biochemical parameters and chromosomal aberrations in Nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus. These study was performed on five groups of different sites: Group 1 agriculture wast water (G1), group 2 industrial wast water (G2), group 3 swage (G3), Group 4 underground water (G4), and group 5 as fresh water (control) (G5). The results showed that agriculture wast water (G1) is highly effect on serum biochemical analysis, criatenine (Cr) was 0.2 mg/L, alanine transferase (ALT) was 20 IU/L and asparatot amino transferase (AST) was 11.671 IU/L compared with a control group (G5). The gills histopathological alternation of the fish from (G2) industrial wast revealed a typical cellular structure as nuclear membrane denegation and of normal cytoplasmic mitochondria. Fishes samples from different sites showing different types of chromosomal aberrations including deletion (D), breaks (B), centric fusion(CF), gabs(G) and fermentation (F) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifteen dairy Shami goats (5 per group) were fed three different DCAD levels, (T1) control group contain a high DCAD level feeding positive DCAD diet (+215 mEq/kg DM), (T2) fed (zero DCAD) and (T3) fed a low DCAD level feeding negative DCAD (-150 mEq/Kg DM). Feeding positive DCAD diet (T1) resulted in higher (P <0.05) plasma pH than dairy Shami goats fed the negative dietary DCAD. Plasma calcium, phosphorus and Magnesium concentration increased significantly (P <0.05) with decreasing DCAD level. The highest significant (P < 0.05) plasma calcium, phosphorus and Magnesium level was recorded for group (3) (-150 mEq/kg DM) and the lowest was obtained with group (1) (+215 mEq/Kg DM). Plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with decreasing DCAD. The lower DCAD value was recorded with negative DCAD and increased significantly with (zero DCAD), While, the higher were recorded with positive DCAD group. The negative DCAD fed to group (T3) showed significantly (P<0.05) the highest milk yield followed by group (T2) fed (Zero DCAD), while the control group (T1) positive DCAD had the lowest milk yield. Anionic salts didn't affect milk total solid (TS), Ash, Moisture and solid not fat (SNF), However milk protein and fat were increased in treatment (3) when compared with other treatments. The group (T1) fed positive DCAD (+215 mEq/Kg DM) showed significantly (P<0.05) the highest somatic cell count and lactose followed by group (T2) fed (zero DCAD), while, negative DCAD (-150/mEq/Kg DM) fed group (T3) had the lowest. Based on the study, Lowering DCAD beyond (-150) mEq/kg DM improves the lactation performance and some physiological parameters of dairy Shami goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three samples of calcite (calcite crystal (CA), calcite of limestone (L.CA), and metamorphosed calcite (marble) (M.CA)) were assessed as adsorbents of Zn (II) to consider the impact of the different geological conditions. The three samples exhibit remarkable changes in their Zn (II) retention capacities (Qsat = 384.6 mg/g (CA), 274.5 mg/g (L.CA), and 512.6 mg/g (M.CA)). The retention systems of the three calcite samples were described on the basis of the suggested statistical physics-based equilibrium studies as well as the traditional kinetic and isotherm models. However, the M.CA samples exhibited the best retention capacity, the steric properties reflecting a higher active site density of CA (Nm (Zn) = 113.46 mg/g) than both M.CA (Nm (Zn) = 82.8 mg/g) and L.CA (Nm (Zn) = 52.4 mg/g) at 323 K. This was assigned to the controlling effect of the sequestered numbers of Zn (II) per site on the surfaces of the calcite phase (n(Zn) = 3.39 (CA), 5.24 (L.CA), and 6.19 (M.CA)) in addition to the higher surface area and ion exchange of the metamorphosed and deformed M.CA. The previous n(Zn) values suggested the retention of Zn (II) by a multi-ionic mechanism in a vertical orientation. The Gaussian energies (8 to 16 KJ/mol) and retention energies (˂40 KJ/mol) of Zn (II) by CA and L.CA suggested complex physical and weak chemical mechanisms involving ion exchange, hydrogen bonding, dipole bonding forces, electrostatic attractions, and van der Waals forces. The thermodynamic properties were illustrated on the basis of the internal energy, free enthalpy, and entropy functions, which validate the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the Zn (II) retention system by the three calcite samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]