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Turbinaria ornata marine macro-algae (TUN) have been applied as carriers for the metallic zinc/ZnO blended nanoparticles, which were synthesized by implementing the extracted phytochemicals of the algae. The resulting hybrid bio-composite (Zn@ZnO/TUN) was characterized as a potential product of promising antioxidant and antidiabetic characteristics in synergetic studies. The obtained composite demonstrate t6he existing or complex biological active groups related to zinc (Zn-O stretching and tetrahedral Zn coordination) and organic groups (amino, methyl, carboxylic, alkynes, P=O, C-C-O, C=N, and N-O) corresponding to the extracted phytochemicals of algae (polysaccharides, phospholipids, lipids, fucose, and phosphodiester). The assessment of Zn@ZnO/TUN hybrid as an anti-oxidant agent validated excellent effectiveness towards the commonly examined radicals (DPPH (88.2 ± 1.44%), nitric oxide (92.7 ± 1.71%), ABTS (90.5 ± 1.8%), and O2•- (30.6 ± 1.32%), considering the determined performance for the commercially used standard (ascorbic acid). Regarding the antidiabetic properties, the incorporation of Zn@ZnO/TUN inhibits the function and activities of the key oxidizing enzymes, either the commercial forms (α-amylase (88.7 ± 1.3%), α-glucosidase (98.4 ± 1.3%), and amyloglucosidase (97.3 ± 1.4%) or the crude intestinal active forms (α-amylase (66.2 ± 1.4%) and α-glucosidase (95.1 ± 1.5%). This inhibitory effectiveness of Zn@ZnO/TUN is significantly better than the measured performances using commercialized miglitol drugs and slightly better than acarbose. Considering the expense and adverse effects of conventional medications, the synthesized Zn@ZnO/TUN blend could be evaluated as a marketable antidiabetic and antioxidant medication. The findings also demonstrate the influence of the derived phytochemicals from Turbinaria ornata and the incorporation of its algae residuals as carriers for the metal nanoparticles on the biological function of the composite. The cytotoxicity investigation reflected safety effect of the composite on colorectal fibroblast cells (CCD-18Co) (96.3% cell viability) and inhibition effect on cancerous colorectal cells (HCT-116) (47.3% cell viability). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of baby spinach as a vehicle to transfer Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (LP299v) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is quite promising and may address the research regarding the absence of suitable whole vegetable carriers in the current probiotic food industry. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of food storage and preparation on Lp299v and LGG viability in baby spinach before consumption. The strains were sequentially introduced into baby spinach by dipping leaves in probiotic suspension to achieve an attachment of approximately 8 log 10 CFU/g spinach. Then, probiotic viability was tested using serial dilutions. Furthermore, data processing and ANOVA during 7-day storage, with or without salad dressing, were performed using Tukey's test. In the 7-day storage trials, LP299v and LGG viability on baby spinach declined after 7 days with significant differences by 0.19 and 0.39 log10 CFU/g, respectively. In salad dressing trials, LP299v (p value = 0.79 > 0.05) and LGG (p value = 0.58 > 0.05) survivability on baby spinach after the addition of salad dressing fluctuated approximately 8.27 and 8.40 log10 CFU/g with no statistically significant difference, respectively. LP299V and LGG viability on baby spinach in both trials was greater than 8 log10 CFU/g and close to FDA requirements, showing that food storage and preparation do not affect their viability and can be used commercially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: Despite the dynamically growing cross-sectional academic studies conducted on various aspects related to physical and mental workloads in the context of workplace safety, there is still room for further in-depth analyses of how these workloads affect employees' behavior and well-being. This phenomenon is of particular interest in the case of hospitality, where hotels should recognize the workloads imposed on their employees, since they are considered the most critical and influential stressors in the workplace. Purpose of the article: Based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, our study aims to examine how hotel employees' physical and mental workloads affect their well-being and safe behaviors. The study also investigates how employee well-being and psychological resilience play a role in these patterns. Methods: The study employs an experience-sampling methodology to assess the physical and mental workloads of a group of full-time employees working in luxury hotels in the USA. Findings & value added: The findings derived from Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) reveal that both physical and mental workloads negatively impact overall well-being and safe behaviors. Additionally, physical workload influences mental workload. Also, employee well-being has been identified as a mediating factor in the relationship between workloads, psychological resilience, and safe behaviors. Notably, psychological resilience has not exhibited a moderating effect. This study expands on the COR theory by examining its impact on the hospitality industry. The study has developed and validated a model for assessing hotel employees' physical workload. Moreover, it emphasizes the significance of employees' well-being and psychological resilience in promoting safe behaviors in hotels. Therefore, this model is a significant step forward toward effectively measuring and maintaining the overall well-being and safe behaviors of employees in the hospitality industry. Furthermore, the value of the research is enhanced by surveying hotel employees directly rather than relying on subjective opinions from management about employee involvement in workplace health and safety. This approach avoids the bias often present in management assessments and provides a more accurate depiction of employee participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]