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The article describes a control logic used to automate the mixing stage of the instant mashed potato process, in order to improve the quality of the final product. Thus, initially the characteristics of the automated process are detailed, specifying the programming logic on the programmable logic controller, to later demonstrate through a data collection process the percentage of improvement in the quality of the final product from the perspective of the users. Indicators: percentage of humidity in the mixing stage, water absorption index (IAA), water solubility index (ISA) and hydrogen potential (pH). The development of the research concludes that the automation of the process, achieved that the IAA index and the ISA index, obtained in the spraying stage, improve by 8.13% and 23.05%, respectively, finding analyzed values within the optimal ranges. This in turn reflected a 39.61% improvement with respect to the humidity percentage, measured in the mixing stage, thus improving the quality of the final product, which brings with it a significant increase of 84.44% in production levels.

International audience; Designing and processing complex matter and materials are key objectives of bioresource and bioproduct research. Modeling approaches targeting such systems have to account for their two main sources of complexity: their intrinsic multi-scale nature; and the variability and heterogeneity inherent to all living systems. Here we provide insight into methods developed at the Food & Bioproduct Engineering division (CEPIA) of the French National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA). This brief survey focuses on innovative research lines that tackle complexity by mobilizing different approaches with complementary objectives. On one hand cognitive approaches aim to uncover the basic mechanisms and laws underlying the emerging collective properties and macroscopic behavior of soft- matter and granular systems, using numerical and experimental methods borrowed from physics and mechanics. The corresponding case studies are dedicated to the structuring and phase behavior of biopolymers, powders and granular materials, and to the evolution of these structures caused by external constraints. On the other hand machine learning approaches can deal with process optimizations and outcome predictions by extracting useful information and correlations from huge datasets built from experiments at different length scales and in heterogeneous conditions. These predictive methods are illustrated in the context of cheese ripening, grape maturity prediction and bacterial production.

Singer(e.g.,1993)が提唱するvalidation modelによれば,因果的橋渡し推論が成立するためには,その推論が読み手の既有知識によって確認されなければならない.例えば,「ドロシーはアスピリンを飲んだ.痛みがなくなった.」という文章を理解するには,RELIEVE [ASPIRIN, PAIN]のような仲介命題が想起される必要がある.そして,この命題が既有知識によって確認されるのである.一方,そのような既有知識が存在しないか,容易に検索可能でない場合はどうか.本論文では,必要な知識が検索あるいは生成されるまで精緻化作業が行われ,その結果,因果的推論が生成・確認されるという仮説を立て,2つの実験によって検証した.第1実験は,読み手は文章の整合性を因果関係によって判断する傾向があること,また,一般的な既有知識によって因果関係が確立しない文章でも因果性が認められることを確認した.第2実験では,リーディング・タイムの計測によって,因果関係が弱い文章も因果関係が導かれるが,精緻化作業のための文処理時間が,因果性の高い文章より,余分にかかることを確認した.Kintsch(e.g,1998)の構築-統合モデルによって,この文処理過程を計算モデル的に議論する., The validation model (e.g., Singer, 1993) claims that before a causal bridging inference is accepted, it must be validated by existing knowledge. For example, to understand "Dorothy took the aspirins. Her pain went away," one first computes a mediating idea RELIEVE [ASPIRIN, PAIN]. Then, the truth of it is validated on the basis of existing knowledge. The present study examined the hypothesis that the causal inference would be drawn and validated even when particular knowledge that validates the mediating idea is not readily available because elaborations are done to retrieve or construct such knowledge. To test this hypothesis, two experiments were conducted. The first experiment showed that people tended to judge coherence of a text based on causal relations and that causality was indeed recognized in those texts in which the antecedent sentence and the consequence sentence were not linked by familiar knowledge. The second experiment involving reading times showed that while sentence processing time was longer for such texts than texts involving familiar knowledge, there was no difference between these types of texts in reading the subsequent sentence describing the validating idea. These results provided evidence supporting for the elaboration and validation of the causal bridging inference. Computational aspects of these processes are discussed based on Kintsch's (1998) Construction-Integration Model.

El presente trabajo de investigación pretende documentar de manera informativa el proceso de elaboración de un traje antifluidos para la aplicación de químicos en sector agrario, de la empresa Dofums ubicada en el municipio de Garzón Huila. El traje ha sido específicamente diseñado para este sector debido a que es uno de los sectores más importantes y menos controlados en materia de salud ocupacional, en donde muchas personas tienen acceso a químicos para los cuales en muchos casos no cuentan con el conocimiento o capacitación para su manipulación pero sus efectos si los afectan de manera directa a ellos y sus familias. Por esta razón el grupo decidió abarcar este tema de investigación y documentar los procesos de abastecimiento, elaboración y distribución del traje, para lo cual realizamos una entrevista con el dueño y Gerente Clariantonio Silva el cual nos proporcionó la mayor parte de la información contenida en este documento. 1 INTRODUCCION 2 DEFINICION DEL PROBLEMA 3 JUSTIFICACION 4 OBJETIVOS 4.1 Objetivos generales 4.2 Objetivos específicos 5 MARCO REFERENCIAL 5.1 Marco teórico 5.2 Marco conceptual 5.3 Marco histórico 6 DISEÑO METODOLOGICO 6.1 Tipo de investigación 6.2 Enfoque Metodológico 6.3 Cronograma 6.4 Recursos 7 CARACTERIZACION DEL PRODUCTO 7.1 Propiedades del producto 7.2 Diseño y desarrollo 7.3 Diagrama del proceso de fabricación 7.4 Consideraciones ambientales 7.5 Viabilidad en costos del producto 8 PROCESO DE APOYO 8.1 Cadena de valor 8.2 Suministro de materia prima 8.3 Insumos para los equipos 9 ESTRATEGIA DE MARKETING 9.1 Estrategias de distribución 9.2 Estrategias de producto 9.3 Estrategias de precios 9.4 Estrategias de promoción 9.5 Estrategias de servicios al cliente 10 INFRAESTRUCTURA FISICA Y RECURSO HUMANO 10.1 Distribución de planta del proceso 10.2 Descripción del proceso en físico (equipos) 10.3 Soporte humano del proceso 11 CONCLUSIONES 12 INFOGRAFIA Pregrado Ingeniero en Industrial Ingeniería Industrial

Dissertação de mestrado em Educação Especial (área de especialização em Intervenção Precoce), Este estudo tem como finalidade contribuir para aprofundar o conhecimento e a compreensão das perspetivas de profissionais de Intervenção Precoce (IP) acerca dos processos de elaboração e de implementação dos Planos Individuais de Intervenção Precoce (PIIP’s), bem como, dos benefícios que deles poderão resultar. Com esse intuito desenvolveu-se uma investigação de natureza qualitativa, através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas junto de cinco profissionais a exercer em Equipas Locais de Intervenção Precoce (ELI’s) distintas, há, no mínimo, um ano e com formação específica em IP. No global, as perspetivas das participantes permitem concluir que é notório o foco do apoio na família. Todas as participantes referem que, de um modo geral, os pais participam ativamente nas várias etapas de elaboração, implementação e monitorização do PIIP. Quanto ao produto resultante do processo de PIIP, é perspetivado como útil, um documento de trabalho e sistematicamente utilizado pelas famílias. Os resultados indicam ainda a existência de reuniões regulares de revisão dos PIIP’s. Todas as participantes indicam que objetivos do PIIP são definidos num trabalho conjunto entre membros da família e profissionais, tendo por base a identificação das prioridades e preocupações da família, os seus momentos de rotina e os seus contextos de vida. Apesar da preocupação em demonstrada em definir objetivos de um modo funcional, algumas entrevistadas ainda sentem dificuldades a esse nível. Relativamente aos benefícios do PIIP, a maioria das participantes realçou o facto de o mesmo permitir às famílias, desde uma fase inicial, participar ativamente ao longo do processo como membros efetivos e decisores da equipa. As entrevistadas são unanimes em afirmar que procuram sempre implementar a abordagem centrada na família ao longo de todo o processo de PIIP, considerando-a como ideal. Contudo, indicam dificuldades na utilização plena das práticas centradas na família. A maioria das participantes focou a este nível, entre outros aspetos, questões relacionadas com as atitudes e comportamentos dos próprios profissionais., This study aims to contribute to deepen the knowledge and understanding of Early Intervention (EI) professionals’ perspectives about the elaboration and implementation processes of the Individualized Early Intervention Plans (IEIP’s), as well as the benefits that can arise from them. With this purpose, a qualitative research has been developed, by doing semistructured interviews to five professionals who have been working for at least one year in different Early Intervention Local Teams (EILT) and who have specific training in EI. Globally, the participants’ perspectives lead us to conclude that a strong focus on family support is evident. All participants refer that, in general, parents play an active role in the different stages of IEIP’s elaboration, implementation and monitoring. In relation to the resulting product of the IEIP process, this is seen as helpful, as a working document and it is systematically used by families. The results also indicate the existence of regular IEIP review meetings. All participants agree that IEIP’s outcomes are defined in a joint work between family members and professionals, determined on the basis of identifying family priorities and concerns, its daily routines and life contexts. In spite of the growing concern with setting outcomes on a functional order, some of the interviewees face difficulties in this area. Concerning IEIP benefits, most of the participants emphasized that it allows families to actively participate in the process as full members and decision makers from an early stage. The interviewees are unanimous in saying that they always try to implement a family-centered approach during the entire IEIP process, considering it as ideal. However, they admit experiencing difficulties in using the full potential of familycentered practices. In this regard, most participants refer, among other aspects, issues related to attitudes and behaviours of professionals themselves.

The success of the notion of "project logic" parallels the critique of the classical model of city production. A new model of action, based on the co-production of the city, emerges. This model calls for a renewal of practices in the preliminary phases of projects. The capacity to go beyond predefined needs and solutions, on the one hand, and the collective definition of projects, on the other, are emphasised. Thus, the elaboration of projects is paramount and the piloting of preliminary phases is at the forefront. Nevertheless, even though the capacity to conduct an activity depends on the understanding of that activity, our knowledge of the building of projects and its preliminary phases is limited. Thus, this thesis intends to explore the project building activity with two case studies : the B line of the Strasbourg tramway and Montpellier's Odysseum. Two types of results emerge : first, a modelisation of the project activity in urban planning. This model, built on the notion of "project situation", structures a conceptual frame that allows us to go beyond the indertemination of elaboration processes. Secondly, three main characteristics of the key steps of piloting are defined : the logic of action that structure the piloting of projects ; project management ; the political piloting of urban projects. Moreover, these results allow us to reflect on issues related to urban projects and urban co-production and innovation; A la critique du système classique de production de la ville fait écho le succès de la notion de « logique de projet ». Elle dessine un nouveau modèle d'action fondé sur l'idée de coproduction de la ville. Ce modèle appelle un renouvellement des pratiques dans les phases amont des projets. L'accent est mis, d'une part, sur la capacité à rompre avec des catalogues prédéfinis de besoins et de solutions ; d'autre part, sur le caractère collectif de la définition des projets. L'activité d'élaboration devient donc essentielle et le pilotage des phases amont passe sur le devant de la scène. Pour autant, l'activité d'élaboration et les phases amont sont mal connues, alors même que la capacité à piloter une activité dépend de la compréhension que l'on a de cette activité. Dans cette perspective, ce travail explore l'activité d'élaboration dans le cas des projets d'aménagement urbain. A l'issue de l'examen de deux études de cas, la ligne B du tramway strasbourgeois et Odysseum à Montpellier, deux types de résultats sont proposés. D'abord, une modélisation de l'activité de projet dans l'aménagement urbain. Ce modèle, construit sur la notion de « situation de projet », structure un cadre conceptuel qui vise à dépasser l'indétermination des processus d'élaboration. Ensuite, les modalités de pilotage sont formalisées autour de trois dimensions : les logiques d'action qui sous-tendent les modes de pilotage ; la direction de projet ; le pilotage politique du projet. Ces enseignements permettent, par ailleurs, de faire retour sur les questions relatives au projet urbain, à la coproduction et à l'innovation urbaine.