2,538 results on '"Elder, John"'
Search Results
2. A Three-Decade Evolution to Transdisciplinary Research: Community Health Research in California-Mexico Border Communities
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Elder, John P., Ayala, Guadalupe X., McKenzie, Thomas L., Litrownik, Alan J., Gallo, Linda C., Arredondo, Elva M., Talavera, Gregory A., and Kaplan, Robert M.
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- 2014
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3. Another Perspective on the Effects of Inflation Uncertainty
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Elder, John
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- 2004
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4. Inapparent infections shape the transmission heterogeneity of dengue
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Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M, Morrison, Amy C, Paz-Soldan, Valerie, Stoddard, Steven T, Koval, William, Waller, Lance A, Perkins, T Alex, Lloyd, Alun L, Astete, Helvio, Elder, John, Scott, Thomas W, and Kitron, Uriel
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Rare Diseases ,Biodefense ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Aetiology ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,arbovirus ,transmission heterogeneity ,mobility ,super-spreading - Abstract
Transmission heterogeneity, whereby a disproportionate fraction of pathogen transmission events result from a small number of individuals or geographic locations, is an inherent property of many, if not most, infectious disease systems. For vector-borne diseases, transmission heterogeneity is inferred from the distribution of the number of vectors per host, which could lead to significant bias in situations where vector abundance and transmission risk at the household do not correlate, as is the case with dengue virus (DENV). We used data from a contact tracing study to quantify the distribution of DENV acute infections within human activity spaces (AS), the collection of residential locations an individual routinely visits, and quantified measures of virus transmission heterogeneity from two consecutive dengue outbreaks (DENV-4 and DENV-2) that occurred in the city of Iquitos, Peru. Negative-binomial distributions and Pareto fractions showed evidence of strong overdispersion in the number of DENV infections by AS and identified super-spreading units (SSUs): i.e. AS where most infections occurred. Approximately 8% of AS were identified as SSUs, contributing to more than 50% of DENV infections. SSU occurrence was associated more with DENV-2 infection than with DENV-4, a predominance of inapparent infections (74% of all infections), households with high Aedes aegypti mosquito abundance, and high host susceptibility to the circulating DENV serotype. Marked heterogeneity in dengue case distribution, and the role of inapparent infections in defining it, highlight major challenges faced by reactive interventions if those transmission units contributing the most to transmission are not identified, prioritized, and effectively treated.
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- 2023
5. The Poetry of Experience
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Elder, John
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- 1999
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6. Effectiveness of Face Masks and Masking Policies in Preventing COVID-19 Transmission in Real-World Settings: A Systematic Literature Review
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Crespo, Noe, primary, Fornasier, Joelle, additional, Ramers, Christian, additional, and Elder, John, additional
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- 2024
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7. Direct mosquito feedings on dengue-2 virus-infected people reveal dynamics of human infectiousness
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Lambrechts, Louis, Reiner, Robert C, Briesemeister, M Veronica, Barrera, Patricia, Long, Kanya C, Elson, William H, Vizcarra, Alfonso, Astete, Helvio, Bazan, Isabel, Siles, Crystyan, Vilcarromero, Stalin, Leguia, Mariana, Kawiecki, Anna B, Perkins, T Alex, Lloyd, Alun L, Waller, Lance A, Kitron, Uriel, Jenkins, Sarah A, Hontz, Robert D, Campbell, Wesley R, Carrington, Lauren B, Simmons, Cameron P, Ampuero, J Sonia, Vasquez, Gisella, Elder, John P, Paz-Soldan, Valerie A, Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M, Rothman, Alan L, Barker, Christopher M, Scott, Thomas W, and Morrison, Amy C
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Biodefense ,Rare Diseases ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Vaccine Related ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Aetiology ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Animals ,Humans ,Viremia ,Zika Virus Infection ,Zika Virus ,Culicidae ,Dengue ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Tropical Medicine ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) transmission from humans to mosquitoes is a poorly documented, but critical component of DENV epidemiology. Magnitude of viremia is the primary determinant of successful human-to-mosquito DENV transmission. People with the same level of viremia, however, can vary in their infectiousness to mosquitoes as a function of other factors that remain to be elucidated. Here, we report on a field-based study in the city of Iquitos, Peru, where we conducted direct mosquito feedings on people naturally infected with DENV and that experienced mild illness. We also enrolled people naturally infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) after the introduction of ZIKV in Iquitos during the study period. Of the 54 study participants involved in direct mosquito feedings, 43 were infected with DENV-2, two with DENV-3, and nine with ZIKV. Our analysis excluded participants whose viremia was detectable at enrollment but undetectable at the time of mosquito feeding, which was the case for all participants with DENV-3 and ZIKV infections. We analyzed the probability of onward transmission during 50 feeding events involving 27 participants infected with DENV-2 based on the presence of infectious virus in mosquito saliva 7-16 days post blood meal. Transmission probability was positively associated with the level of viremia and duration of extrinsic incubation in the mosquito. In addition, transmission probability was influenced by the day of illness in a non-monotonic fashion; i.e., transmission probability increased until 2 days after symptom onset and decreased thereafter. We conclude that mildly ill DENV-infected humans with similar levels of viremia during the first two days after symptom onset will be most infectious to mosquitoes on the second day of their illness. Quantifying variation within and between people in their contribution to DENV transmission is essential to better understand the biological determinants of human infectiousness, parametrize epidemiological models, and improve disease surveillance and prevention strategies.
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- 2023
8. Quantifying heterogeneities in arbovirus transmission: Description of the rationale and methodology for a prospective longitudinal study of dengue and Zika virus transmission in Iquitos, Peru (2014–2019)
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Morrison, Amy C, Paz-Soldan, Valerie A, Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M, Lambrechts, Louis, Elson, William H, Barrera, Patricia, Astete, Helvio, Briesemeister, Veronica, Leguia, Mariana, Jenkins, Sarah A, Long, Kanya C, Kawiecki, Anna B, Reiner, Robert C, Perkins, T Alex, Lloyd, Alun L, Waller, Lance A, Hontz, Robert D, Stoddard, Steven T, Barker, Christopher M, Kitron, Uriel, Elder, John P, Rothman, Alan L, Scott, Thomas W, and Group, on behalf of the Proyecto Dengue
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Biodefense ,Rare Diseases ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Vaccine Related ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Aetiology ,2.4 Surveillance and distribution ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Zika Virus ,Longitudinal Studies ,Dengue Virus ,Dengue ,Prospective Studies ,Peru ,Zika Virus Infection ,Arboviruses ,Proyecto Dengue Group ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Current knowledge of dengue virus (DENV) transmission provides only a partial understanding of a complex and dynamic system yielding a public health track record that has more failures than successes. An important part of the problem is that the foundation for contemporary interventions includes a series of longstanding, but untested, assumptions based on a relatively small portion of the human population; i.e., people who are convenient to study because they manifest clinically apparent disease. Approaching dengue from the perspective of people with overt illness has produced an extensive body of useful literature. It has not, however, fully embraced heterogeneities in virus transmission dynamics that are increasingly recognized as key information still missing in the struggle to control the most important insect-transmitted viral infection of humans. Only in the last 20 years have there been significant efforts to carry out comprehensive longitudinal dengue studies. This manuscript provides the rationale and comprehensive, integrated description of the methodology for a five-year longitudinal cohort study based in the tropical city of Iquitos, in the heart of the Peruvian Amazon. Primary data collection for this study was completed in 2019. Although some manuscripts have been published to date, our principal objective here is to support subsequent publications by describing in detail the structure, methodology, and significance of a specific research program. Our project was designed to study people across the entire continuum of disease, with the ultimate goal of quantifying heterogeneities in human variables that affect DENV transmission dynamics and prevention. Because our study design is applicable to other Aedes transmitted viruses, we used it to gain insights into Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission when during the project period ZIKV was introduced and circulated in Iquitos. Our prospective contact cluster investigation design was initiated by detecttion of a person with a symptomatic DENV infection and then followed that person's immediate contacts. This allowed us to monitor individuals at high risk of DENV infection, including people with clinically inapparent and mild infections that are otherwise difficult to detect. We aimed to fill knowledge gaps by defining the contribution to DENV transmission dynamics of (1) the understudied majority of DENV-infected people with inapparent and mild infections and (2) epidemiological, entomological, and socio-behavioral sources of heterogeneity. By accounting for factors underlying variation in each person's contribution to transmission we sought to better determine the type and extent of effort needed to better prevent virus transmission and disease.
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- 2023
9. Two-year outcomes of Faith in Action/Fe en Acción: a randomized controlled trial of physical activity promotion in Latinas
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Arredondo, Elva M, Haughton, Jessica, Ayala, Guadalupe X, Slymen, Donald, Sallis, James F, Perez, Lilian G, Serrano, Natalicio, Ryan, Sherry, Valdivia, Rodrigo, Lopez, Nanette V, and Elder, John P
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Cancer ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Obesity ,Prevention ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Stroke ,Cardiovascular ,Accelerometry ,Exercise ,Female ,Health Promotion ,Hispanic or Latino ,Humans ,Leisure Activities ,Faith based intervention ,Community health worker ,Hispanic/Latinos ,Health promotion ,Health equity ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Education ,Nutrition and dietetics ,Epidemiology ,Sports science and exercise - Abstract
BackgroundLatina women are less likely to report engaging in leisure-time physical activity (PA) than non-Latina white women. This study evaluated the 24-month impact of a faith-based PA intervention targeting Latinas.MethodsThe study is a cluster randomized controlled trial of a PA intervention or cancer screening comparison condition, with churches as the randomization unit. A total of 436 Latinas (aged 18-65 years) from 16 churches who engaged in low levels of self-report and accelerometer-based PA were enrolled. The experimental condition was a 24-month PA intervention, with in-person classes, social support, and environmental changes, led by community health workers (i.e., promotoras). At baseline, 12-, and 24 months, we assessed changes in accelerometer-based and self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; primary outcomes). Secondary outcomes were light intensity activity, sedentary time, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference.ResultsAfter adjusting for sociodemographic factors, a mixed effects analysis found significant increases in self-reported leisure time MVPA (p
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- 2022
10. Oil price uncertainty shocks and the gender gap in U.S. unemployment
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Elder, John and Payne, James E.
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- 2024
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11. Falling star
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Elder, John
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- 2007
12. The impact of dengue illness on social distancing and caregiving behavior.
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Schaber, Kathryn L, Morrison, Amy C, Elson, William H, Astete-Vega, Helvio, Córdova-López, Jhonny J, Ríos López, Esther Jennifer, Flores, W Lorena Quiroz, Santillan, Alfonso S Vizcarra, Scott, Thomas W, Waller, Lance A, Kitron, Uriel, Barker, Christopher M, Perkins, T Alex, Rothman, Alan L, Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M, Elder, John P, and Paz-Soldan, Valerie A
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Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Tropical Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundHuman mobility among residential locations can drive dengue virus (DENV) transmission dynamics. Recently, it was shown that individuals with symptomatic DENV infection exhibit significant changes in their mobility patterns, spending more time at home during illness. This change in mobility is predicted to increase the risk of acquiring infection for those living with or visiting the ill individual. It has yet to be considered, however, whether social contacts are also changing their mobility, either by socially distancing themselves from the infectious individual or increasing contact to help care for them. Social, or physical, distancing and caregiving could have diverse yet important impacts on DENV transmission dynamics; therefore, it is necessary to better understand the nature and frequency of these behaviors including their effect on mobility.Methodology and principal findingsThrough community-based febrile illness surveillance and RT-PCR infection confirmation, 67 DENV positive (DENV+) residents were identified in the city of Iquitos, Peru. Using retrospective interviews, data were collected on visitors and home-based care received during the illness. While 15% of participants lost visitors during their illness, 22% gained visitors; overall, 32% of all individuals (particularly females) received visitors while symptomatic. Caregiving was common (90%), particularly caring by housemates (91%) and caring for children (98%). Twenty-eight percent of caregivers changed their behavior enough to have their work (and, likely, mobility patterns) affected. This was significantly more likely when caring for individuals with low "health-related quality of well-being" during illness (Fisher's Exact, p = 0.01).Conclusions/significanceOur study demonstrates that social contacts of individuals with dengue modify their patterns of visitation and caregiving. The observed mobility changes could impact a susceptible individual's exposure to virus or a presymptomatic/clinically inapparent individual's contribution to onward transmission. Accounting for changes in social contact mobility is imperative in order to get a more accurate understanding of DENV transmission.
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- 2021
13. Histopathology and SARS-CoV-2 Cellular Localization in Eye Tissues of COVID-19 Autopsies
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Stein, Sydney R., Ramelli, Sabrina C., Ramos-Benitez, Marcos J., Platt, Andrew P., Dickey, James M., Curran, Shelly J., Babyak, Ashley L., Valencia, Luis Perez, Richert, Mary E., Vannella, Kevin M., Chertow, Daniel S., Kleiner, David E., Hewitt, Stephen M., Young, Willie J., Young, Sarah P., Gasmi, Billel, De Melo, Michelly Sampaio, Desar, Sabina, Tadros, Saber, Nasir, Nadia, Jin, Xueting, Rajan, Sharika, Dikoglu, Esra, Ozkaya, Neval, Ylaya, Kris, Chung, Joon-Yong, Pittaluga, Stefania, Smith, Grace, Emanuel, Elizabeth R., Kelsall, Brian, Olivera, Justin A., Blawas, Megan, Grazioli, Alison, Hays, Nicole, Purcell, Madeleine, Singireddy, Shreya, Wu, Jocelyn, Raja, Katherine, Curto, Ryan, Chung, Jean, Borth, Amy, Bowers, Kimberly, Weichold, Anne, Minor, Paula, Moshref, Mirahmad, Kelly, Emily, Sajadi, Mohammad M., Scalea, Thomas M., Tran, Douglas, Madathil, Ronson J., Dahi, Siamak, Deatrick, Kristopher B., Krause, Eric M., Rabin, Joseph, Herrold, Joseph A., Tabatabai, Ali, Hochberg, Eric, Cornachione, Christopher, Levine, Andrea R., Saharia, Kapil K., Richards, Justin E., Elder, John, Burke, Allen, Mazzeffi, Michael A., Christenson, Robert, Chancer, Zackary, Abdulmahdi, Mustafa, Sopha, Sabrina, Goldberg, Tyler, Soherwardi, Shahabuddin, Sangwan, Yashvir, McCurdy, Michael T., Sudano, Kristen, Blume, Diane, Radin, Bethany, Arnouk, Madhat, Eagan, James W., Jr., Herr, Daniel L., Zerbe, Christa, Sen, H. Nida, Wang, Yujuan, Kodati, Shilpa, Lee, Jung Wha, Perez, Paola, Singh, Manmeet, Yinda, Kwe Claude, Platt, Andrew, Munster, Vincent J., de Wit, Emmie, Warner, Blake M., and Chan, Chi-Chao
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- 2023
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14. Everybody's reading
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Galvin, Robyn, McDonald, Patricia, and Elder, John
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- 2001
15. Disease-driven reduction in human mobility influences human-mosquito contacts and dengue transmission dynamics.
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Schaber, Kathryn L, Perkins, T Alex, Lloyd, Alun L, Waller, Lance A, Kitron, Uriel, Paz-Soldan, Valerie A, Elder, John P, Rothman, Alan L, Civitello, David J, Elson, William H, Morrison, Amy C, Scott, Thomas W, and Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M
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Bioinformatics ,Mathematical Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Information and Computing Sciences - Abstract
Heterogeneous exposure to mosquitoes determines an individual's contribution to vector-borne pathogen transmission. Particularly for dengue virus (DENV), there is a major difficulty in quantifying human-vector contacts due to the unknown coupled effect of key heterogeneities. To test the hypothesis that the reduction of human out-of-home mobility due to dengue illness will significantly influence population-level dynamics and the structure of DENV transmission chains, we extended an existing modeling framework to include social structure, disease-driven mobility reductions, and heterogeneous transmissibility from different infectious groups. Compared to a baseline model, naïve to human pre-symptomatic infectiousness and disease-driven mobility changes, a model including both parameters predicted an increase of 37% in the probability of a DENV outbreak occurring; a model including mobility change alone predicted a 15.5% increase compared to the baseline model. At the individual level, models including mobility change led to a reduction of the importance of out-of-home onward transmission (R, the fraction of secondary cases predicted to be generated by an individual) by symptomatic individuals (up to -62%) at the expense of an increase in the relevance of their home (up to +40%). An individual's positive contribution to R could be predicted by a GAM including a non-linear interaction between an individual's biting suitability and the number of mosquitoes in their home (>10 mosquitoes and 0.6 individual attractiveness significantly increased R). We conclude that the complex fabric of social relationships and differential behavioral response to dengue illness cause the fraction of symptomatic DENV infections to concentrate transmission in specific locations, whereas asymptomatic carriers (including individuals in their pre-symptomatic period) move the virus throughout the landscape. Our findings point to the difficulty of focusing vector control interventions reactively on the home of symptomatic individuals, as this approach will fail to contain virus propagation by visitors to their house and asymptomatic carriers.
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- 2021
16. Early Release - Heterogeneity of Dengue Illness in Community-Based Prospective Study, Iquitos, Peru - Volume 26, Number 9—September 2020 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
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Elson, William H, Reiner, Robert C, Siles, Crystyan, Bazan, Isabel, Vilcarromero, Stalin, Riley-Powell, Amy R, Kawiecki, Ania B, Astete, Helvio, Hontz, Robert D, Barker, Chris M, Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M, Morrison, Amy C, Scott, Thomas W, Elder, John P, Rothman, Alan L, and Paz-Soldan, Valerie A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Vaccine Related ,Prevention ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Biodefense ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Rare Diseases ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Dengue ,Dengue Virus ,Humans ,Peru ,Prospective Studies ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Iquitos ,cohort studies ,community-based prospective study ,dengue ,dengue virus ,epidemiology ,heterogeneity ,humans ,viruses ,Medical Microbiology ,Public Health and Health Services ,Microbiology ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology ,Health services and systems - Abstract
Measuring heterogeneity of dengue illness is necessary to define suitable endpoints in dengue vaccine and therapeutic trials and will help clarify behavioral responses to illness. To quantify heterogeneity in dengue illness, including milder cases, we developed the Dengue Illness Perceptions Response (IPR) survey, which captured detailed symptom data, including intensity, duration, and character, and change in routine activities caused by illness. During 2016-2019, we collected IPR data daily during the acute phase of illness for 79 persons with a positive reverse transcription PCR result for dengue virus RNA. Most participants had mild ambulatory disease. However, we measured substantial heterogeneity in illness experience, symptom duration, and maximum reported intensity of individual symptoms. Symptom intensity was a more valuable predicter of major activity change during dengue illness than symptom presence or absence alone. These data suggest that the IPR measures clinically useful heterogeneity in dengue illness experience and its relation to altered human behavior.
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- 2020
17. Heterogeneity of Dengue Illness in Community-Based Prospective Study, Iquitos, Peru.
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Elson, William H, Reiner, Robert C, Siles, Crystyan, Bazan, Isabel, Vilcarromero, Stalin, Riley-Powell, Amy R, Kawiecki, Ania B, Astete, Helvio, Hontz, Robert D, Barker, Chris M, Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M, Morrison, Amy C, Scott, Thomas W, Elder, John P, Rothman, Alan L, and Paz-Soldan, Valerie A
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Iquitos ,Peru ,cohort studies ,community-based prospective study ,dengue ,dengue virus ,epidemiology ,heterogeneity ,humans ,viruses ,Microbiology ,Clinical Sciences ,Medical Microbiology ,Public Health and Health Services - Abstract
Measuring heterogeneity of dengue illness is necessary to define suitable endpoints in dengue vaccine and therapeutic trials and will help clarify behavioral responses to illness. To quantify heterogeneity in dengue illness, including milder cases, we developed the Dengue Illness Perceptions Response (IPR) survey, which captured detailed symptom data, including intensity, duration, and character, and change in routine activities caused by illness. During 2016-2019, we collected IPR data daily during the acute phase of illness for 79 persons with a positive reverse transcription PCR result for dengue virus RNA. Most participants had mild ambulatory disease. However, we measured substantial heterogeneity in illness experience, symptom duration, and maximum reported intensity of individual symptoms. Symptom intensity was a more valuable predicter of major activity change during dengue illness than symptom presence or absence alone. These data suggest that the IPR measures clinically useful heterogeneity in dengue illness experience and its relation to altered human behavior.
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- 2020
18. Measuring health related quality of life for dengue patients in Iquitos, Peru.
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Elson, William H, Riley-Powell, Amy R, Morrison, Amy C, Gotlieb, Esther E, Groessl, Erik J, Cordova, Jhonny J, Rios, J Esther, Quiroz, W Lorena, Vizcarra, Alfonso S, Reiner, Robert C, Barker, Christopher M, Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M, Scott, Thomas W, Rothman, Alan L, Elder, John P, and Paz-Soldan, Valerie A
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Humans ,Dengue ,Quality of Life ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Peru ,Female ,Male ,Young Adult ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Tropical Medicine - Abstract
Previous studies measuring the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with dengue focused on treatment seeking populations. However, the vast majority of global dengue cases are unlikely to be detected by health systems. Representative measurements of HRQoL should therefore include patients with disease not likely to trigger treatment-seeking behavior. This study based in Iquitos, Peru used the Quality of Wellbeing Scale-Self Administered, a survey that enquires about not only physical health, but also psychological health, self-care, mobility, and usual social activities, and rates HRQoL between 0 (death) and 1 (optimum function), to evaluate the impact of dengue on HRQoL. In order to enroll treatment and non treatment-seeking participants, three modalities of participant recruitment were used. In addition to clinic and community-based febrile surveillance, a contact-cluster methodology was also employed to identify infected individuals less likely to seek treatment. We measured changes in HRQoL and identified common areas of health impairment in 73 virologically confirmed dengue cases at 3 time points during the participant's illness; the early-acute (days 0-6 post symptom onset), late-acute (days 7-20), and convalescent illness phases (days 21 +). Participants reported HRQoL related impairments at significantly higher frequency during the early-acute versus convalescent illness phase (Fisher's exact: P
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- 2020
19. Correction: Dengue illness impacts daily human mobility patterns in Iquitos, Peru.
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Schaber, Kathryn L, Paz-Soldan, Valerie A, Morrison, Amy C, Elson, William HD, Rothman, Alan L, Mores, Christopher N, Astete-Vega, Helvio, Scott, Thomas W, Waller, Lance A, Kitron, Uriel, Elder, John P, Barker, Christopher M, Perkins, T Alex, and Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M
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Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Tropical Medicine - Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007756.].
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- 2020
20. The impact of insecticide treated curtains on dengue virus transmission: A cluster randomized trial in Iquitos, Peru.
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Lenhart, Audrey, Morrison, Amy C, Paz-Soldan, Valerie A, Forshey, Brett M, Cordova-Lopez, Jhonny J, Astete, Helvio, Elder, John P, Sihuincha, Moises, Gotlieb, Esther E, Halsey, Eric S, Kochel, Tadeusz J, Scott, Thomas W, Alexander, Neal, and McCall, Philip J
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Humans ,Dengue Virus ,Dengue ,Antibodies ,Viral ,Neutralization Tests ,Treatment Outcome ,Mosquito Control ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Middle Aged ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Peru ,Female ,Male ,Disease Transmission ,Infectious ,Young Adult ,Antibodies ,Neutralizing ,Insecticide-Treated Bednets ,Seroconversion ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Tropical Medicine - Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne diseases, resulting in an estimated hundreds of millions of infections annually throughout the tropics. Control of dengue is heavily dependent upon control of its primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. Innovative interventions that are effective at targeting the adult stage of the mosquito are needed to increase the options for effective control. The use of insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs) has previously been shown to significantly reduce the abundance of Ae. aegypti in and around homes, but the impact of ITCs on dengue virus (DENV) transmission has not been rigorously quantified. A parallel arm cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in Iquitos, Peru to quantify the impact of ITCs on DENV seroconversion as measured through plaque-reduction neutralization tests. Seroconversion data showed that individuals living in the clusters that received ITCs were at greater risk to seroconverting to DENV, with an average seroconversion rate of 50.6 per 100 person-years (PY) (CI: 29.9-71.9), while those in the control arm had an average seroconversion rate of 37.4 per 100 PY (CI: 15.2-51.7). ITCs lost their insecticidal efficacy within 6 months of deployment, necessitating re-treatment with insecticide. Entomological indicators did not show statistically significant differences between ITC and non-ITC clusters. It's unclear how the lack of protective efficacy reported here is attributable to simple failure of the intervention to protect against Ae. aegypti bites, or the presence of a faulty intervention during much of the follow-up period. The higher risk of dengue seroconversion that was detected in the ITC clusters may have arisen due to a false sense of security that inadvertently led to less routine protective behaviors on the part of households that received the ITCs. Our study provides important lessons learned for conducting cluster randomized trials for vector control interventions against Aedes-transmitted virus infections.
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- 2020
21. Evaluation of Store Environment Changes of an In-Store Intervention to Promote Fruits and Vegetables in Latino/Hispanic-Focused Food Stores
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Sanchez-Flack, Jennifer, Baquero, Barbara, Lin, Shih-Fan, Belch, George, Pickrel, Julie L, Anderson, Cheryl AM, Arredondo, Elva, Martinez, Maria Elena, Mayer, Joni, Ji, Ming, Elder, John P, and Ayala, Guadalupe X
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Prevention ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Commerce ,Ethnicity ,Food Supply ,Fruit ,Health Promotion ,Hispanic or Latino ,Humans ,Marketing ,Vegetables ,in-store intervention ,Latinos ,Hispanics ,consumer food environment ,retail food environment ,healthy food promotion ,Latinos/Hispanics ,Toxicology - Abstract
Implementing interventions that manipulate food store environments are one potential strategy for improving dietary behaviors. The present study evaluated intervention effects, from the El Valor de Nuestra Salud (The Value of Our Health) study, on in-store environmental changes within Latino/Hispanic-focused food stores (tiendas). Sixteen tiendas were randomly assigned to either: a six-month structural and social food store intervention or a wait-list control condition. Store-level environmental measures of product availability, placement, and promotion were assessed monthly from baseline through six-months post-baseline using store audits. Linear mixed effects models tested for condition-by-time interactions in store-level environmental measures. Results demonstrated that the intervention was successful at increasing the total number of fruit and vegetable (FV) promotions (p < 0.001) and the number of FV promotions outside the produce department (p < 0.001) among tiendas in the intervention versus control condition. No changes in product availability or placement were observed. Results suggests changing the marketing mix element of promotions within small stores is measurable and feasible in an in-store intervention. Difficulties in capturing changes in product availability and placement may be due to intervention implementation methods chosen by tiendas. It is important to build upon the lessons learned from these types of interventions to disseminate evidence-based in-store interventions.
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- 2020
22. Racial and ethnic disparities in unemployment and oil price uncertainty
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Elder, John and Payne, James E.
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- 2023
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23. Foreword by Rev. and Elder John Snow Jr., Walking in Two Worlds
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Snow, Elder John, primary
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- 2022
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24. Foreword
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Snow Jr., Elder John, primary
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- 2022
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25. Dengue illness impacts daily human mobility patterns in Iquitos, Peru.
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Schaber, Kathryn L, Paz-Soldan, Valerie A, Morrison, Amy C, Elson, William HD, Rothman, Alan L, Mores, Christopher N, Astete-Vega, Helvio, Scott, Thomas W, Waller, Lance A, Kitron, Uriel, Elder, John P, Barker, Christopher M, Perkins, T Alex, and Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M
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Humans ,Dengue Virus ,Dengue ,Fever ,Retrospective Studies ,Locomotion ,Adolescent ,Peru ,Female ,Male ,Illness Behavior ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Tropical Medicine - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Human mobility plays a central role in shaping pathogen transmission by generating spatial and/or individual variability in potential pathogen-transmitting contacts. Recent research has shown that symptomatic infection can influence human mobility and pathogen transmission dynamics. Better understanding the complex relationship between symptom severity, infectiousness, and human mobility requires quantification of movement patterns throughout infectiousness. For dengue virus (DENV), human infectiousness peaks 0-2 days after symptom onset, making it paramount to understand human movement patterns from the beginning of illness. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Through community-based febrile surveillance and RT-PCR assays, we identified a cohort of DENV+ residents of the city of Iquitos, Peru (n = 63). Using retrospective interviews, we measured the movements of these individuals when healthy and during each day of symptomatic illness. The most dramatic changes in mobility occurred during the first three days after symptom onset; individuals visited significantly fewer locations (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.017) and spent significantly more time at home (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.005), compared to when healthy. By 7-9 days after symptom onset, mobility measures had returned to healthy levels. Throughout an individual's symptomatic period, the day of illness and their subjective sense of well-being were the most significant predictors for the number of locations and houses they visited. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Our study is one of the first to collect and analyze human mobility data at a daily scale during symptomatic infection. Accounting for the observed changes in human mobility throughout illness will improve understanding of the impact of disease on DENV transmission dynamics and the interpretation of public health-based surveillance data.
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- 2019
26. Correlates of low-adherence to oral hypoglycemic medications among Hispanic/Latinos of Mexican heritage with Type 2 Diabetes in the United States
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Garcia, Melawhy L, Castañeda, Sheila F, Allison, Matthew A, Elder, John P, and Talavera, Gregory A
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Health Services and Systems ,Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Mental Health ,Depression ,Diabetes ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Adult ,Aged ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Type 2 ,Female ,Hispanic or Latino ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Male ,Medication Adherence ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Hispanic/Latino ,Type 2 diabetes ,Glycemic control ,Proportion of days covered ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Clinical sciences ,Public health ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
AimsWe examined psychosocial- and social/economic factors related to low medication adherence, and sex differences, among 279 adults of Mexican heritage with Type 2 Diabetes.MethodsSelf-report and health record data were used for cross-sectional analyses. Bivariate analyses tested the association of demographic, psychosocial (depression, anxiety, stress) and social/economic factors (insurance type, health literacy, social support) and medication adherence measured by proportion of days covered. Hierarchical regression analyses examined associations between demographic, psychosocial- and social/economic- related factors and low medication adherence stratified by sex.ResultsMore males than females demonstrated low adherence to hypoglycemic medications (75.0.% vs. 70.3%) (p
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- 2019
27. An agent-based model of dengue virus transmission shows how uncertainty about breakthrough infections influences vaccination impact projections.
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Perkins, T Alex, Reiner, Robert C, España, Guido, Ten Bosch, Quirine A, Verma, Amit, Liebman, Kelly A, Paz-Soldan, Valerie A, Elder, John P, Morrison, Amy C, Stoddard, Steven T, Kitron, Uriel, Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M, Scott, Thomas W, and Smith, David L
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Humans ,Dengue ,Viral Vaccines ,Calibration ,Uncertainty ,Computer Simulation ,Systems Analysis ,Child ,Peru ,Mathematical Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Information and Computing Sciences ,Bioinformatics - Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination is a powerful tool for reducing the burden of infectious diseases, due to a combination of direct protection of vaccinees and indirect protection of others via herd immunity. Computational models play an important role in devising strategies for vaccination by making projections of its impacts on public health. Such projections are subject to uncertainty about numerous factors, however. For example, many vaccine efficacy trials focus on measuring protection against disease rather than protection against infection, leaving the extent of breakthrough infections (i.e., disease ameliorated but infection unimpeded) among vaccinees unknown. Our goal in this study was to quantify the extent to which uncertainty about breakthrough infections results in uncertainty about vaccination impact, with a focus on vaccines for dengue. To realistically account for the many forms of heterogeneity in dengue virus (DENV) transmission, which could have implications for the dynamics of indirect protection, we used a stochastic, agent-based model for DENV transmission informed by more than a decade of empirical studies in the city of Iquitos, Peru. Following 20 years of routine vaccination of nine-year-old children at 80% coverage, projections of the proportion of disease episodes averted varied by a factor of 1.76 (95% CI: 1.54-2.06) across the range of uncertainty about breakthrough infections. This was equivalent to the range of vaccination impact projected across a range of uncertainty about vaccine efficacy of 0.268 (95% CI: 0.210-0.329). Until uncertainty about breakthrough infections can be addressed empirically, our results demonstrate the importance of accounting for it in models of vaccination impact.
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- 2019
28. Body image and disordered eating behaviors in Hispanic/Latino Youth: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth
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Cordero, Christina, Pulgaron, Elizabeth R., Marchante-Hoffman, Ashley N., Llabre, Maria M., Perreira, Krista M., Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela, Isasi, Carmen R., Elder, John P., and Delamater, Alan M.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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29. The El Valor de Nuestra Salud clustered randomized controlled trial store-based intervention to promote fruit and vegetable purchasing and consumption
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Ayala, Guadalupe X., Pickrel, Julie L., Baquero, Barbara, Sanchez-Flack, Jennifer, Lin, Shih-Fan, Belch, George, Rock, Cheryl L., Linnan, Laura, Gittelsohn, Joel, Ji, Ming, Elder, John P., and Mayer, Joni
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- 2022
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30. Stakeholder engagement in eight comparative effectiveness trials in African Americans and Latinos with asthma
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Dy, Tiffany, Hamilton, Winifred J., Kramer, C. Bradley, Apter, Andrea, Krishnan, Jerry A., Stout, James W., Teach, Stephen J., Federman, Alex, Elder, John, Bryant-Stephens, Tyra, Bruhl, Rebecca J., Jackson, Shawni, and Sumino, Kaharu
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- 2022
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31. Physical Activity in Underserved Preadolescents
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Behar, Alma I., primary, Mahar, Matthew T., additional, Norman, Gregory, additional, Elder, John P., additional, Pratt, Michael, additional, Dionicio, Patricia, additional, and Crespo, Noe C., additional
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- 2024
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32. Canadian industry level production and energy prices
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Elder, John
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- 2021
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33. What Happens When Parents and Children Go Grocery Shopping? An Observational Study of Latino Dyads in Southern California, USA
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Calderon, Joanna, Ayala, Guadalupe X, Elder, John P, Belch, George E, Castro, Iana A, Weibel, Nadir, and Pickrel, Julie
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Psychology ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Applied and Developmental Psychology ,Pediatric ,Clinical Research ,Health Disparities ,Minority Health ,Adult ,California ,Child ,Choice Behavior ,Commerce ,Female ,Food ,Food Preferences ,Hispanic or Latino ,Humans ,Male ,Parents ,grocery shopping ,Hispanic ,Latino ,observations ,parent-child dyads ,Hispanic/Latino ,parent–child dyads ,Hispanic Americans ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Education ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Public health ,Applied and developmental psychology - Abstract
The objective of this study was to observe parent-child interactions in tiendas, limited assortment food stores catering to Latinos in the United States, and to examine the extent to which child involvement influenced these interactions and their purchase outcomes. Two confederates, one posing as a tienda employee and one posing as a customer, observed the entire shopping trip of 100 Latino parent-child (mean age = 8 years) dyads and coded the following: number and type of parent- and child-initiated request interactions, types of purchase influence attempts used by children and how parents responded, and whether the product was purchased. Level of child involvement was examined as a potential influencing factor on purchasing. The observations were relatively short (mean duration of 10 minutes), reflecting the "quick trip" nature of the observed shopping trips. From the 100 parent-child dyads, 144 request interactions were observed, and among dyads with at least 1 request interaction during the shopping trip, the average number of request interactions per dyad was 2. Children initiated most of the request interactions by asking for a product or simply placing it in the basket; parents initiated 24% of the request interactions. Child involvement in shopping and checkout were associated with spending and purchase outcomes. These results indicate that children and parents influence each other during grocery shopping, and children who are more involved have greater influence over purchases. Furthermore, this study identified a number of targets for future family/parent and consumer food environment interventions.
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- 2017
34. Individual and community factors contributing to anemia among women in rural Baja California, Mexico.
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Moor, Molly A, Fraga, Miguel A, Garfein, Richard S, Rashidi, Hooman H, Alcaraz, John, Kritz-Silverstein, Donna, Elder, John P, and Brodine, Stephanie K
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Humans ,Anemia ,Iron-Deficiency ,Diet ,Prevalence ,Multivariate Analysis ,Risk Factors ,Demography ,Residence Characteristics ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Rural Population ,Mexico ,Female ,Maternal Health ,Anemia ,Iron-Deficiency ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
IntroductionAnemia is a public health concern among women in rural Baja California, Mexico. The purpose of this study was to identify the individual and community factors contributing to the disproportionately high prevalence of anemia among women in this region.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 118 women (15-49 years) was performed in a rural colonia (small settlement) in Baja California, Mexico in 2012. Participants completed a survey comprised of demographic, socioeconomic, health, and dietary questions and provided a capillary blood sample. A portable HemoCue was used to measure hemoglobin and diagnose anemia. Anemic participants provided a venous blood sample for laboratory testing to elucidate the etiology of anemia. Anemic participants received vitamin supplements and nutritional counseling. Assessments of six local tiendas (community grocery stores) were performed to ascertain the types of food available for purchase within the community.ResultsPrevalence of anemia was 22% among women; laboratory tests revealed iron deficiency was the primary etiology in 80.8% of anemia cases. Other causes of anemia in women included vitamin B-12 deficiency (11.5%) and combined iron and vitamin B-12 deficiency (7.7%). Women from low SES households and women enrolled in the government assistance program Prospera were significantly more likely to be anemic (OR = 3.48, 95% CI 1.35-8.98 and OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.02-6.09, respectively). Vitamin supplementation was significantly more common among non-anemic women (OR = 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.94). Dietary assessments showed limited consumption of iron absorption enhancing foods such as fruits and vegetables. Assessments of local tiendas revealed at least one type of meat and citrus fruit available for purchase at each store; however, leafy green vegetables were only available for purchase at one store.ConclusionAll cases of anemia were due to nutritional deficiencies. While vitamin supplementation is a temporary solution, improved individual nutrition knowledge and community access to iron absorption enhancing foods, particularly produce, is needed. Promoting government assistance programs like Prospera and implementing additional programs designed to improve nutrition and health literacy, in conjunction with ensuring access to nutritious foods, might reduce the high prevalence nutritional anemia within the community.
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- 2017
35. Experiences with insecticide-treated curtains: a qualitative study in Iquitos, Peru
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Paz-Soldan, Valerie A, Bauer, Karin M, Lenhart, Audrey, Cordova Lopez, Jhonny J, Elder, John P, Scott, Thomas W, McCall, Philip J, Kochel, Tadeusz J, and Morrison, Amy C
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Health Services and Systems ,Health Sciences ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Rare Diseases ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Aedes ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Animals ,Arthropod Vectors ,Dengue ,Female ,Focus Groups ,Health Knowledge ,Attitudes ,Practice ,Humans ,Insecticide-Treated Bednets ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Mosquito Control ,Peru ,Qualitative Research ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Insecticide treated curtains ,Qualitative ,Public Health and Health Services ,Public Health ,Epidemiology ,Health services and systems ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundDengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease responsible for approximately 400 million infections annually; the only available method of prevention is vector control. It has been previously demonstrated that insecticide treated curtains (ITCs) can lower dengue vector infestations in and around houses. As part of a larger trial examining whether ITCs could reduce dengue transmission in Iquitos, Peru, the objective of this study was to characterize the participants' experience with the ITCs using qualitative methods.MethodsKnowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) surveys (at baseline, and 9 and 27 months post-ITC distribution, with n = 593, 595 and 511, respectively), focus group discussions (at 6 and 12 months post-ITC distribution, with n = 18 and 33, respectively), and 11 one-on-one interviews (at 12 months post-distribution) were conducted with 605 participants who received ITCs as part of a cluster-randomized trial.ResultsFocus groups at 6 months post-ITC distribution revealed that individuals had observed their ITCs to function for approximately 3 months, after which they reported the ITCs were no longer working. Follow up revealed that the ITCs required re-treatment with insecticide at approximately 1 year post-distribution. Over half (55.3 %, n = 329) of participants at 9 months post-ITC distribution and over a third (34.8 %, n = 177) at 27 months post-ITC distribution reported perceiving a decrease in the number of mosquitoes in their home. The percentage of participants who would recommend ITCs to their family or friends in the future remained high throughout the study (94.3 %, n = 561 at 9 months and 94.6 %, n = 488 at 27 months post-distribution). When asked why, participants reported that ITCs were effective at reducing mosquitoes (81.6 and 37.8 %, at 9 and 27 months respectively), that they prevent dengue (5.7 and 51.2 %, at 9 and 27 months), that they are "beautiful" (5.9 and 3.1 %), as well as other reasons (6.9 and 2.5 %).ConclusionITCs have substantial potential for long term dengue vector control because they are liked by users, both for their perceived effectiveness and for aesthetic reasons, and because they require little proactive behavioral effort on the part of the users. Our results highlight the importance of gathering process (as opposed to outcome) data during vector control studies, without which researchers would not have become aware that the ITCs had lost effectiveness early in the trial.
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- 2016
36. Employment and energy uncertainty
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Elder, John
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- 2020
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37. Binational Academic-Service-Community Partnership: A Program to Train, Provide Services and Conduct Research for Sustainable Community Health in Rural Baja, California, Mexico
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Behar, Alma, primary, Brodine, Stephanie, additional, Garfein, Richard, additional, Elder, John, additional, Pacheco, Lorena, additional, Stevens, Esmeralda, additional, Ontiveros, David, additional, McKennett, Marianne, additional, Lloyd, Linda, additional, Bretschger, Orianna, additional, Crespo, Noe, additional, and Fraga, Miguel, additional
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- 2024
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38. Decreased Anemia Prevalence Among Women and Children in Rural Baja California, Mexico: A 6-Year Comparative Study
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Moor, Molly A, Fraga, Miguel A, Garfein, Richard S, Harbertson, Judith, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, Rashidi, Hooman H, Elder, John P, and Brodine, Stephanie K
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Epidemiology ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Pediatric ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Hematology ,Rural Health ,3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Anemia ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,Humans ,Infant ,Mexico ,Middle Aged ,Prevalence ,Rural Population ,Young Adult ,Women ,Children ,Public health ,Public Health and Health Services ,Development studies - Abstract
Anemia is a public health problem in Mexico. This study sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of anemia among women and children residing in a rural farming region of Baja California, Mexico. An existing partnership between universities, non-governmental organizations, and an underserved Mexican community was utilized to perform cross-sectional data collection in 2004-2005 (Wave 1) and in 2011-2012 (Wave 2) among women (15-49 years) and their children (6-59 months). All participants completed a survey and underwent anemia testing. Blood smears were obtained to identify etiology. Nutrition education interventions and clinical health evaluations were offered between waves. Participants included 201 women and 99 children in Wave 1, and 146 women and 77 children in Wave 2. Prevalence of anemia significantly decreased from 42.3 to 23.3 % between Waves 1 and 2 in women (p
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- 2016
39. Calling in sick: impacts of fever on intra-urban human mobility
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Perkins, T Alex, Paz-Soldan, Valerie A, Stoddard, Steven T, Morrison, Amy C, Forshey, Brett M, Long, Kanya C, Halsey, Eric S, Kochel, Tadeusz J, Elder, John P, Kitron, Uriel, Scott, Thomas W, and Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M
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Biological Sciences ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Biodefense ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Case-Control Studies ,Cities ,Dengue ,Fever ,Humans ,Likelihood Functions ,Models ,Theoretical ,Peru ,Retrospective Studies ,Travel ,activity space ,contact ,dengue ,infection ,movement ,network ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Agricultural ,veterinary and food sciences ,Biological sciences ,Environmental sciences - Abstract
Pathogens inflict a wide variety of disease manifestations on their hosts, yet the impacts of disease on the behaviour of infected hosts are rarely studied empirically and are seldom accounted for in mathematical models of transmission dynamics. We explored the potential impacts of one of the most common disease manifestations, fever, on a key determinant of pathogen transmission, host mobility, in residents of the Amazonian city of Iquitos, Peru. We did so by comparing two groups of febrile individuals (dengue-positive and dengue-negative) with an afebrile control group. A retrospective, semi-structured interview allowed us to quantify multiple aspects of mobility during the two-week period preceding each interview. We fitted nested models of each aspect of mobility to data from interviews and compared models using likelihood ratio tests to determine whether there were statistically distinguishable differences in mobility attributable to fever or its aetiology. Compared with afebrile individuals, febrile study participants spent more time at home, visited fewer locations, and, in some cases, visited locations closer to home and spent less time at certain types of locations. These multifaceted impacts are consistent with the possibility that disease-mediated changes in host mobility generate dynamic and complex changes in host contact network structure.
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- 2016
40. Factors Associated with Correct and Consistent Insecticide Treated Curtain Use in Iquitos, Peru.
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Paz-Soldan, Valerie A, Bauer, Karin, Morrison, Amy C, Cordova Lopez, Jhonny J, Izumi, Kiyohiko, Scott, Thomas W, Elder, John P, Alexander, Neal, Halsey, Eric S, McCall, Philip J, and Lenhart, Audrey
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Humans ,Dengue ,Health Knowledge ,Attitudes ,Practice ,Family Characteristics ,Mosquito Control ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Middle Aged ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Infant ,Infant ,Newborn ,Guideline Adherence ,Peru ,Female ,Male ,Young Adult ,Insecticide-Treated Bednets ,Tropical Medicine ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
Dengue is an arthropod-borne virus of great public health importance, and control of its mosquito vectors is currently the only available method for prevention. Previous research has suggested that insecticide treated curtains (ITCs) can lower dengue vector infestations in houses. This observational study investigated individual and household-level socio-demographic factors associated with correct and consistent use of ITCs in Iquitos, Peru. A baseline knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) survey was administered to 1,333 study participants, and ITCs were then distributed to 593 households as part of a cluster-randomized trial. Follow up KAP surveys and ITC-monitoring checklists were conducted at 9, 18, and 27 months post-ITC distribution. At 9 months post-distribution, almost 70% of ITCs were hanging properly (e.g. hanging fully extended or tied up), particularly those hung on walls compared to other locations. Proper ITC hanging dropped at 18 months to 45.7%. The odds of hanging ITCs correctly and consistently were significantly greater among those participants who were housewives, knew three or more correct symptoms of dengue and at least one correct treatment for dengue, knew a relative or close friend who had had dengue, had children sleeping under a mosquito net, or perceived a change in the amount of mosquitoes in the home. Additionally, the odds of recommending ITCs in the future were significantly greater among those who perceived a change in the amount of mosquitoes in the home (e.g. perceived the ITCs to be effective). Despite various challenges associated with the sustained effectiveness of the selected ITCs, almost half of the ITCs were still hanging at 18 months, suggesting a feasible vector control strategy for sustained community use.
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- 2016
41. Uncertainty and investment: Evidence from domestic oil rigs
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Dossani, Asad, primary and Elder, John, additional
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- 2023
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42. A unique variant of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus that induces pheromone binding protein MUP : Critical role for CTL
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Ware, Brian C., Sullivan, Brian M., LaVergne, Stephanie, Marro, Brett S., Egashira, Toru, Campbell, Kevin P., Elder, John, and Oldstone, Michael B. A.
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- 2019
43. Dengue Knowledge and Preventive Practices in Iquitos, Peru
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Paz-Soldán, Valerie A, Morrison, Amy C, Lopez, Jhonny J Cordova, Lenhart, Audrey, Scott, Thomas W, Elder, John P, Sihuincha, Moises, Kochel, Tadeusz J, Halsey, Eric S, Astete, Helvio, and McCall, Philip J
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Rare Diseases ,Pediatric ,Prevention ,Biodefense ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,3.2 Interventions to alter physical and biological environmental risks ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aedes ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Animals ,Dengue ,Family Characteristics ,Female ,Health Knowledge ,Attitudes ,Practice ,Humans ,Insect Vectors ,Insecticides ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Mosquito Control ,Peru ,Risk Factors ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Young Adult ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Tropical Medicine ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
As part of a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate insecticide-treated curtains for dengue prevention in Iquitos, Peru, we surveyed 1,333 study participants to examine knowledge and reported practices associated with dengue and its prevention. Entomological data from 1,133 of these households were linked to the survey. Most participants knew that dengue was transmitted by mosquito bite (85.6%), but only few (18.6%) knew that dengue vectors bite during daytime. Most commonly recognized dengue symptoms were fever (86.6%), headache (76.4%), and muscle/joint pain (67.9%). Most commonly reported correct practices for mosquito control were cleaning homes (61.6%), using insecticide sprays (23%), and avoiding having standing water at home (12.3%). Higher education was associated with higher knowledge about dengue, including transmission and vector control. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with increased reported use of preventive practices requiring money expenditure. We were less likely to find Aedes aegypti eggs, larvae, or pupae in households that had < 5-year-old children at home. Although dengue has been transmitted in Iquitos since the 1990s and the Regional Health Authority routinely fumigates households, treats domestic water containers with larvicide, and issues health education messages through mass media, knowledge of dengue transmission and household practices for prevention could be improved.
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- 2015
44. Fe en Accion/Faith in Action: Design and implementation of a church-based randomized trial to promote physical activity and cancer screening among churchgoing Latinas
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Arredondo, Elva M, Haughton, Jessica, Ayala, Guadalupe X, Slymen, Donald J, Sallis, James F, Burke, Kari, Holub, Christina, Chanson, Dayana, Perez, Lilian G, Valdivia, Rodrigo, Ryan, Sherry, and Elder, John
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Health Services and Systems ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Prevention ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Cancer ,Clinical Research ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Accelerometry ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Body Weights and Measures ,Community Health Workers ,Early Detection of Cancer ,Exercise ,Female ,Health Behavior ,Health Promotion ,Hispanic or Latino ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Religion ,Research Design ,Social Support ,Young Adult ,Faith-based intervention ,Health promotion ,Minority health ,Physical activity ,Cancer screening ,Hispanics/Latinos ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General Clinical Medicine ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ObjectivesTo describe both conditions of a two-group randomized trial, one that promotes physical activity and one that promotes cancer screening, among churchgoing Latinas. The trial involves promotoras (community health workers) targeting multiple levels of the Ecological Model. This trial builds on formative and pilot research findings.DesignSixteen churches were randomly assigned to either the physical activity intervention or cancer screening comparison condition (approximately 27 women per church). In both conditions, promotoras from each church intervened at the individual- (e.g., beliefs), interpersonal- (e.g., social support), and environmental- (e.g., park features and access to health care) levels to affect change on target behaviors.MeasurementsThe study's primary outcome is min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at baseline and 12 and 24 months following implementation of intervention activities. We enrolled 436 Latinas (aged 18-65 years) who engaged in less than 250 min/wk of MVPA at baseline as assessed by accelerometer, attended church at least four times per month, lived near their church, and did not have a health condition that could prevent them from participating in physical activity. Participants were asked to complete measures assessing physical activity and cancer screening as well as their correlates at 12- and 24-months.SummaryFindings from the current study will address gaps in research by showing the long term effectiveness of multi-level faith-based interventions promoting physical activity and cancer screening among Latino communities.
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- 2015
45. Dance Class Structure Affects Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: A Study of Seven Dance Types
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Castillo, Maria A Lopez, Carlson, Jordan A, Cain, Kelli L, Bonilla, Edith A, Chuang, Emmeline, Elder, John P, and Sallis, James F
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Mind and Body ,Prevention ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Accelerometry ,Adolescent ,California ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Dancing ,Exercise ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Sedentary Behavior ,accelerometry ,instruction ,sedentary behavior ,sports ,Human Movement and Sports Sciences ,Curriculum and Pedagogy ,Psychology ,Sport Sciences - Abstract
2015 Copyright © SHAPE America Purpose: The study aims were to determine: (a) how class structure varies by dance type, (b) how moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior vary by dance class segments, and (c) how class structure relates to total MVPA in dance classes. Method: Participants were 291 boys and girls ages 5 to 18 years old enrolled in 58 dance classes at 21 dance studios in Southern California. MVPA and sedentary behavior were assessed with accelerometry, with data aggregated to 15-s epochs. Percent and minutes of MVPA and sedentary behavior during dance class segments and percent of class time and minutes spent in each segment were calculated using Freedson age-specific cut points. Differences in MVPA (Freedson 3 Metabolic Equivalents of Tasks age-specific cut points) and sedentary behavior (
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- 2015
46. Influence of the built environment on pedestrian route choices of adolescent girls.
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Rodríguez, Daniel A, Merlin, Louis, Prato, Carlo G, Conway, Terry L, Cohen, Deborah, Elder, John P, Evenson, Kelly R, McKenzie, Thomas L, Pickrel, Julie L, and Veblen-Mortenson, Sara
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built environment ,discrete choice ,pedestrian route selection ,walking ,Social Psychology ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Built Environment and Design ,Studies in Human Society - Abstract
We examined the influence of the built environment on pedestrian route selection among adolescent girls. Portable global positioning system units, accelerometers, and travel diaries were used to identify the origin, destination, and walking routes of girls in San Diego, CA and Minneapolis, MN. We completed an inventory of the built environment on every street segment to measure the characteristics of routes taken and not taken. Route-level variables covering four key conceptual built environment domains (Aesthetics, Destinations, Functionality, and Safety) were used in the analysis of route choice. Shorter distance had the strongest positive association with route choice, while the presence of a greenway or trail, higher safety, presence of sidewalks, and availability of destinations along a route were also consistently positively associated with route choice at both sites. The results suggest that it may be possible to encourage pedestrians to walk farther by providing high quality and stimulating routes.
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- 2015
47. Our Choice/Nuestra Opción: The Imperial County, California, Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study (CA-CORD)
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Ayala, Guadalupe X, Ibarra, Leticia, Binggeli-Vallarta, Amy, Moody, Jamie, McKenzie, Thomas L, Angulo, Janette, Hoyt, Helina, Chuang, Emmeline, Ganiats, Theodore G, Gahagan, Sheila, Ji, Ming, Zive, Michelle, Schmied, Emily, Arredondo, Elva M, and Elder, John P
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Pediatric Research Initiative ,Pediatric ,Clinical Research ,Obesity ,Health Services ,Nutrition ,Prevention ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Stroke ,Quality Education ,California ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Community Health Services ,Community-Institutional Relations ,Female ,Health Behavior ,Health Promotion ,Health Services Research ,Hispanic or Latino ,Humans ,Male ,Pediatric Obesity ,Program Development ,Program Evaluation ,Schools ,Nutrition and dietetics ,Paediatrics ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundDespite recent declines among young children, obesity remains a public health burden in the United States, including among Latino/Hispanic children. The determining factors are many and are too complex to fully address with interventions that focus on single factors, such as parenting behaviors or school policies. In this article, we describe a multisector, multilevel intervention to prevent and control childhood obesity in predominantly Mexican-origin communities in Southern California, one of three sites of the CDC-funded Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CA-CORD) study.MethodsCA-CORD is a partnership between a university-affiliated research institute, a federally qualified health center, and a county public health department. We used formative research, advisory committee members' recommendations, and previous research to inform the development of the CA-CORD project. Our theory-informed multisector, multilevel intervention targets improvements in four health behaviors: fruit, vegetable, and water consumption; physical activity; and quality sleep. Intervention partners include 1200 families, a federally qualified health center (including three clinics), 26 early care and education centers, two elementary school districts (and 20 elementary schools), three community recreation centers, and three restaurants. Intervention components in these sectors target changes in behaviors, policies, systems, and the social and physical environment. Evaluation activities include assessment of the primary outcome, BMI z-score, at baseline, 12-, and 18-months post-baseline, and sector evaluations at baseline, 12, and 24 months.ConclusionsIdentifying feasible and effective strategies to prevent and control childhood obesity has the potential to effect real changes in children's current and future health status.
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- 2015
48. A Mediation Analysis of Mothers' Dietary Intake: The 'Entre Familia: Reflejos de Salud' Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
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Horton, Lucy A., Ayala, Guadalupe X., Slymen, Donald J., Ibarra, Leticia, Hernandez, Erika, Parada, Humberto, Rock, Cheryl L., Arredondo, Elva M., and Elder, John P.
- Abstract
Aims: Examine intervention effects among mothers involved in a healthy eating randomized controlled trial. Furthermore, examine the mediating roles of individual and familial influences on observed outcomes. Methods: Between 2009 and 2011, 361 families were recruited; half were assigned to an 11-session community health worker-delivered family-based intervention targeting Spanish-speaking Latino families in Imperial County, California. The intervention was delivered over a 4-month period. Home visits and telephone calls were delivered approximately weekly, with tapering near the end of the intervention to promote independence from the "promotora." In this article, mothers' self-reported dietary intake was the primary outcome. Evaluation measures were taken at baseline, 4 months, and 10 months. Results: Daily servings of fruits were higher among intervention versus control mothers (mean = 1.86 vs. mean = 1.47; effect size [ES] = 0.22) at 10 months post-baseline. Mothers in the intervention versus control condition also reported consuming a lower percent energy from fat (mean = 30.0% vs. 31.0%; ES = 0.30) and a higher diet quality (mean = 2.93 vs. mean = 2.67; ES = 0.29). Mediators of improvements were behavioral strategies to increase fiber and lower fat intake, family support for vegetable purchasing, and decreased unhealthy eating behaviors and perceived family barriers to healthy eating. Discussion and Conclusion: Family-based behavioral interventions are effective for changing the skills and family system needed to improve diet among Latina mothers. Health care providers and other practitioners are encouraged to target skill development and fostering a socially supportive environment.
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- 2018
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- View/download PDF
49. Correlates of low-adherence to oral hypoglycemic medications among Hispanic/Latinos of Mexican heritage with Type 2 Diabetes in the United States
- Author
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Garcia, Melawhy L., Castañeda, Sheila F., Allison, Matthew A., Elder, John P., and Talavera, Gregory A.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Correlates of measured prehypertension and hypertension in Latina women living along the US-Mexico border, 2007-2009.
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Madanat, Hala, Molina, Marisa, Din, Hena, Mintle, Rachel, Arredondo, Elva M, Elder, John P, Patrick, Kevin, Lemus, Hector, Medina, Veronica, and Ayala, Guadalupe X
- Subjects
Humans ,Hypertension ,Body Mass Index ,Logistic Models ,Odds Ratio ,Risk Factors ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Aging ,Blood Pressure ,Social Support ,Beverages ,Adult ,Hispanic Americans ,Mexico ,United States ,Female ,Public Health and Health Services - Abstract
IntroductionAlthough Latinos have lower hypertension rates than non-Latino whites and African Americans, they have a higher prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension. Research on predictors of hypertension has mostly focused on intrapersonal factors with no studies assessing the combined influence of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to assess a broad range of correlates including intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors on measured blood pressure category (nonhypertensive, prehypertensive, and hypertensive) in a sample of Latina women residing in San Diego, California.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used baseline data from the San Diego Prevention Research Center's Familias Sanas y Activas program, a promotora-led physical activity intervention. The sample was 331 Latinas who self-selected into this program. Backward conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the strongest correlates of measured blood pressure category.ResultsLogistic regression analysis suggested that the strongest correlates of prehypertension were soda consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, [1.00-1.80], P ≤ .05) and age (OR = 1.03, [1.00-1.05], P ≤ .05). The strongest correlates of hypertension were soda consumption (OR = 1.92, [1.20-3.07], P ≤ .01), age (OR = 1.09, [1.05-1.13], P ≤ .001), and measured body mass index (OR = 1.13, [1.05-1.22], P ≤ .001). All analyses controlled for age and education. No interpersonal or environmental correlates were significantly associated with blood pressure category.ConclusionFuture research should aim to further understand the role of soda consumption on risk for hypertension in this population. Furthermore, interventions aimed at preventing hypertension may want to focus on intrapersonal level factors.
- Published
- 2014
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