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37 results on '"Electrical cabinet"'

1. An efficient numerical modeling approach for coupled electrical cabinets in nuclear power plants

Author

Sudeep Das Turja, Md. Rajibul Islam, Dong Van Nguyen, and Dookie Kim

Subjects
Modal analysis, Nuclear power plant, Combined effect, Earthquake frequency content, Electrical cabinet, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

Seismic quantification of nonstructural components like electrical cabinets is essential to ensure the uninterrupted operation of nuclear facilities during earthquake events. This process requires experimental tests, which can be expensive, time-consuming, and limited by safety concerns and precision. As an alternative to that, numerical simulations should be done in such a way that they are capable of capturing the global dynamic behavior with minimum computational efforts. However, in the case of complex interconnected cabinets, the simplification of numerical models often poses difficulties in illustrating the real-time behavior of combined cabinet systems. On the other hand, detailed three-dimensional (3D) numerical models require lengthy time and sophisticated computational setup, indicating their expensive computational efforts. To resolve this issue, a simplified and efficient 3D modeling approach has been proposed in this study. The accuracy of the results from the new model showed an excellent match with that obtained from the responses of the experimental test. After the validation and observation of the numerical efficiency, a practical application is implemented by considering the impacts of earthquake frequency contents on the behavior of cabinet systems. From the outcomes, it is evident that this proposed modeling methodology has the potential to replace the complex combined nuclear cabinet models for earthquake evaluation.

Published
2024
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2. Experimental and numerical studies for the performance verification of post-installed anchors used in electrical cabinet fixation

Author

Sang-Moon Lee, Il-Wha Lee, and Woo-Young Jung

Subjects
post-installed anchor, electrical cabinet, pull-out load, static performance test, finite element analysis (fea), Architecture, NA1-9428, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Most of the electrical equipment responsible for the control within a power plant is configured in cabinet form and fixed using post-installed anchors. Shaking table testing to evaluate the seismic performance of cabinets does not simulate the same installation conditions as on-site, but simply welds the bottom of the cabinet to the top surface of the shake table to assess the structural integrity. The seismic performance evaluation of post-installed anchors is typically conducted indirectly through material testing, making it necessary to compare the performance under on-site conditions to ensure reasonable measurement. This study fabricated a structure as a replacement for the cabinet, fixed it using post-installed anchors, and applied static loads to measure the pull-out load transmitted to the anchors. The measured results were then compared with those obtained from material testing. Consequentially, the pull-out load in the test reflecting on-site conditions was approximately 10% higher than in the material test. So the current way of indirectly evaluating the performance of post-installed anchors is deemed reasonable based on the derived results. To validate the reliability of the experimental study, a numerical study was conducted, and the results showed an error range of around 1%, indicating reasonable and consistent findings.

Published
2024
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3. Seismic behavior of simplified electrical cabinet model considering cast-in-place anchor in uncracked and cracked concretes

Author

Bub-Gyu Jeon, Sung-Wan Kim, Sung-Jin Chang, Dong-Uk Park, and Hong-Pyo Lee

Subjects
Seismic behavior, Electrical cabinet, Nuclear power plant, Anchor, Concrete crack, Seismic p, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

In the case of nuclear power plants near end of their design life, a reassessment of the performance of safety-related equipment may be necessary to determine whether to shut down or extend the operation of the power plant. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the level of performance decline due to degradation. Electrical cabinets, including MCC and switchgear, are representative safety-related equipment. Several studies have assessed the degradation and seismic performance of nuclear power plant equipment. Most of those researches are limited to individual components due to the size of safety-related equipment and test equipment. However, only a few studies assessed the degradation performance of electrical cabinets. The equipment of various nuclear power plants is anchored to concrete foundations, and crack in concrete foundations is one of the most representative of degradation that could be visually confirmed. However, it is difficult to find a study for analysis through testing the effect of cracks in concrete foundations on the response of electrical cabinet internal equipment fixed by anchors. In this study, using a simple cabinet model considering cast-in-place anchor in uncracked and cracked concretes, a tri-axial shaking table tests were performed and the seismic behavior were observed.

Published
2023
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4. An Identification Method for Irregular Components Related to Terminal Blocks in Equipment Cabinet of Power Substation.

Author

Cao, Weiguo, Chen, Zhong, Deng, Xuhui, Wu, Congying, and Li, Tiecheng

Subjects
*RUNNING speed, *IMAGE registration
Abstract

Despite the continuous advancement of intelligent power substations, the terminal block components within equipment cabinet inspection work still often require loads of personnel. The repetitive documentary works not only lack efficiency but are also susceptible to inaccuracies introduced by substation personnel. To resolve the problem of lengthy, time-consuming inspections, a terminal block component detection and identification method is presented in this paper. The identification method is a multi-stage system that incorporates a streamlined version of You Only Look Once version 7 (YOLOv7), a fusion of YOLOv7 and differential binarization (DB), and the utilization of PaddleOCR. Firstly, the YOLOv7 Area-Oriented (YOLOv7-AO) model is developed to precisely locate the complete region of terminal blocks within substation scene images. The compact area extraction model rapidly cuts out the valid proportion of the input image. Furthermore, the DB segmentation head is integrated into the YOLOv7 model to effectively handle the densely arranged, irregularly shaped block components. To detect all the components within a target electrical cabinet of substation equipment, the YOLOv7 model with a differential binarization attention head (YOLOv7-DBAH) is proposed, integrating spatial and channel attention mechanisms. Finally, a general OCR algorithm is applied to the cropped-out instances after image distortion to match and record the component's identity information. The experimental results show that the YOLOv7-AO model reaches high detection accuracy with good portability, gaining 4.45 times faster running speed. Moreover, the terminal block component detection results show that the YOLOv7-DBAH model achieves the highest evaluation metrics, increasing the F1-score from 0.83 to 0.89 and boosting the precision to over 0.91. The proposed method achieves the goal of terminal block component identification and can be applied in practical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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5. 基于铆接结构的镁铝合金电气柜轻量化设计.

Author

徐先伟, 薛浩飞, 李明刚, 汤劲松, 陈 奎, and 黄艳丽

Subjects
ALUMINUM alloying, ALUMINUM alloys, STRUCTURAL reliability, FINITE element method, AIR conditioning, STRUCTURAL optimization, MAGNESIUM alloys
Abstract

Copyright of Rolling Stock (1002-7602) is the property of Rolling Stock Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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6. Seismic demand estimation of electrical cabinet in nuclear power plant considering equipment-anchor-interaction

Author

Sung Gook Cho and Kashif Salman

Subjects
Boundary condition, Electrical cabinet, Dynamic interaction, Hysteresis behavior, In-cabinet response spectra (ICRS), Seismic capacity, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

This paper investigates the seismic behavior of an electrical cabinet considering the influence of equipment-anchor-interaction (EAI) that is generally not taken into consideration in a decoupled analysis. The hysteresis behavior of an anchor bolt in concrete was thereby considered to highlight this interaction effect. To this end, the experimental behavior of an anchor bolt under reversed cyclic loading was taken from the recently developed literature, and a numerical model for the anchor hysteresis was developed using the component approach. The hysteresis properties were then used to calibrate the multi-linear link element that is implemented as a boundary condition for the cabinet incorporating the EAI. To highlight this EAI further, the nonlinear time history analysis was performed for a cabinet considering the hysteresis behavior comparative to a fixed boundary condition. Additionally, the influence on the seismic fragility was evaluated for the operational and structural condition of the cabinet. The numerical analysis considering the anchor hysteresis manifests that the in-cabinet response spectra (ICRS) are significantly amplified with the corresponding reduction in the seismic capacity of 25% and 15% for an operational and structural safety condition under the selected protocols. Considering the fixed boundary condition over a realistic hysteresis behavior of the anchor bolt is more likely to overestimate the seismic capacity of the cabinet in a seismic qualification procedure.

Published
2022
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7. An Identification Method for Irregular Components Related to Terminal Blocks in Equipment Cabinet of Power Substation

Author

Weiguo Cao, Zhong Chen, Xuhui Deng, Congying Wu, and Tiecheng Li

Subjects
small target detection, electrical cabinet, power substation, YOLOv7, differentiable binarization, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Despite the continuous advancement of intelligent power substations, the terminal block components within equipment cabinet inspection work still often require loads of personnel. The repetitive documentary works not only lack efficiency but are also susceptible to inaccuracies introduced by substation personnel. To resolve the problem of lengthy, time-consuming inspections, a terminal block component detection and identification method is presented in this paper. The identification method is a multi-stage system that incorporates a streamlined version of You Only Look Once version 7 (YOLOv7), a fusion of YOLOv7 and differential binarization (DB), and the utilization of PaddleOCR. Firstly, the YOLOv7 Area-Oriented (YOLOv7-AO) model is developed to precisely locate the complete region of terminal blocks within substation scene images. The compact area extraction model rapidly cuts out the valid proportion of the input image. Furthermore, the DB segmentation head is integrated into the YOLOv7 model to effectively handle the densely arranged, irregularly shaped block components. To detect all the components within a target electrical cabinet of substation equipment, the YOLOv7 model with a differential binarization attention head (YOLOv7-DBAH) is proposed, integrating spatial and channel attention mechanisms. Finally, a general OCR algorithm is applied to the cropped-out instances after image distortion to match and record the component’s identity information. The experimental results show that the YOLOv7-AO model reaches high detection accuracy with good portability, gaining 4.45 times faster running speed. Moreover, the terminal block component detection results show that the YOLOv7-DBAH model achieves the highest evaluation metrics, increasing the F1-score from 0.83 to 0.89 and boosting the precision to over 0.91. The proposed method achieves the goal of terminal block component identification and can be applied in practical situations.

Published
2023
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8. Estimating Seismic Demands of a Single-Door Electrical Cabinet System Based on the Performance Limit-State of Concrete Shear Wall Structures.

Author

Ju, Bu-Seog, Son, Hoyoung, Lee, Sangwoo, and Kwag, Shinyoung

Abstract

The electrical cabinet systems in power plants are critical non-structural components to maintaining sustainable operation and preventing unexpected accidents during extreme events. This system consists of various electrical equipment such as relays, circuit breakers, and switches enclosed by a steel cabinet for the protection of the equipment. The cabinet systems are installed in and protected by structures so that the cabinet's behavior is totally dependent on the behavior of the structures when subjected to an earthquake. Therefore, it is essential to qualify the seismic performance of the cabinet system considering the effect of the primary structure where the electrical cabinet system is mounted. In addition, with the implementation of ASCE-43 design standards for nuclear facilities, facility design allowing nonlinear behavior has gained greater attention in nuclear power plants, and research on how the response of the cabinet varies according to allowable damage levels of structures is needed. In this study, Finite Element (FE) models of a single-door electrical cabinet and concrete shear wall structure validated through experimental data are used for a decoupled analysis to estimate the seismic demands of the electrical cabinet. Three different earthquake loadings, referred to as EQ#13, #17, and #19, used in the SMART-2013 project are selected to obtain floor responses of the concrete structure, and the loadings lead to different levels of damage (minor, moderate, and major damage, respectively) to the structure. Finally, the floor responses based on levels of the damage to the primary structure are applied to the electrical cabinet system as input loadings for the decoupled analysis. Thus, this study presents the effects of the cabinet elevation and performance limit-state for concrete shear wall structures on the response of the electrical cabinet, and it shows that while the difference in seismic demands is not significant in the minor and moderate damage states, a meaningful difference occurs in the degree of the major damage state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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9. A computationally efficient approach of tuned mass damper design for a nuclear cabinet based on two-step machine learning and optimization methods.

Author

Go, Chaeyeon, Kwag, Shinyoung, Eem, Seunghyun, Kwak, Jinsung, and Oh, Jinho

Subjects
*TUNED mass dampers, *SHAKING table tests, *NUMERICAL solutions to differential equations, *SEISMIC response, *COST analysis
Abstract

• Real-scale shaking table test was conducted on the electric cabinet-TMD of a nuclear power plant. • The numerical model of the cabinet-TMD employed in the test was established and verified. • Based on a two-step machine learning and optimization method, a TMD design was proposed. • The seismic response reduction effect of the TMD was confirmed numerically. Enhancing nuclear power plant (NPP) safety is demanded because of the recent beyond-design-basis earthquake near a NPP. Therefore, research on improving the seismic performance of the electrical cabinet, which ensures the safe operation of NPPs, is needed. In this paper, a tuned mass damper (TMD) is employed to control the seismic response of cabinet. To design the TMD, we employ existing design equations or perform numerical model–based optimization. However, limitations, such as inconsistencies with targeted control of the load and structure, the possibility of converging a local solution, and the high cost of numerical analysis. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-step machine learning and optimization method. Such an approach is utilized to find the optimal global design solution and reduce numerical analysis costs. Each step involves the design of experiment (DOE), response surface, and optimization. Notably, range setting in the DOE accounts for the difference between each step. In the first step, the sampling range is widened to determine the relationship between the design variables and the cabinet's response, and in the second step, the sampling range is narrowed depending on the result of the first step. Consequently, the proposed method reduced the cabinet's response by 35.4 % on average and numerical analysis cost declined by 1/3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. 基于犎狅狌犵犺变换和犎犛犞彩色空间的 电气盘柜状态识别.

Author

戴　威, 陆小锋, 刘学锋, 胡浩棋, and 赵梓辰

Abstract

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2022
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11. Experimental study in open atmosphere and confined conditions of fire spread between adjacent electrical cabinets connected by cable trays.

Author

Zavaleta, Pascal and Suard, Sylvain

Subjects
*FLAME spread, *TRAYS, *HEAT flux, *CABLES, *FIRE testing
Abstract

Electrical cabinet-related fire events are among the most recorded fire events in nuclear power plants. As part of the OECD PRISME-3 project, four fire tests were carried out to highlight the fire spread paths from an open-door electrical cabinet (CC) to two adjacent closed-door electrical cabinets (ACs). The cabinets, separated by a double wall with an air gap, were connected by overhead and subfloor cable trays. These last ones were filled with either a "low" or "well-qualified" (LQ or WQ, respectively) cable type. Each cable type was used for two tests. In addition, tests were conducted either in open atmosphere conditions (two) or in confined and mechanically ventilated conditions (two). These tests highlighted three fire spread paths from the CC to the ACs. Regarding the first one through the double wall with an air gap, several ignitions of electrical components (used as targets) occurred in the ACs when the wall temperature near the ignited target exceeded 600 °C (or the heat flux incident to the target was higher than 26 kW/m2) whatever the test conditions. Furthermore, the two other fire spread paths through the overhead and subfloor cable trays were highlighted only if the LQ cable type was used. • Three fire spread paths were shown between adjacent cabinets separated by a double wall and connected by cable trays. • The fire spread paths were highlighted for the two studied test conditions. • Determination of the temperature and heat flux criteria leading to the fire spread via the double wall. • Impact of the cable type on the fire spread paths via the cable trays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. Seismic Experimental Assessment of Remote Terminal Unit System with Friction Pendulum under Triaxial Shake Table Tests

Author

Sung-Wan Kim, Bub-Gyu Jeon, Da-Woon Yun, Woo-Young Jung, and Bu-Seog Ju

Subjects
electrical cabinet, triaxial shake table, friction pendulum, seismic isolated device, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

In recent years, earthquakes have caused more damage to nonstructural components, such as mechanical and electrical equipment and piping systems, than to structural components. In particular, among the nonstructural components, the electrical cabinet is an essential piece of equipment used to maintain the functionality of critical facilities such as nuclear and non-nuclear power plants. Therefore, damage to the electrical cabinet associated with the safety of the facility can lead to severe accidents related to loss-of-life and property damage. Consequently, the electrical cabinet system must be protected against strong ground motion. This paper presents an exploratory study of dynamic characteristics of seismically isolated remote terminal unit (RTU) cabinet system subjected to tri-axial shaking table, and also the shaking table test of the non-seismically isolated cabinet system was conducted to compare the vibration characteristics with the cabinet system installed with friction pendulum isolator device. In addition, for the shaking table test, two recorded earthquakes obtained from Korea and artificial earthquakes based on the common application of building seismic-resistant design standards as an input ground motions were applied. The experimental assessment showed that the various damage modes such as door opening, the fall of the wire mold, and damage to door lock occurred in the RTU panel fixed on the concrete foundation by a set anchor, but the damage occurred only at the seismic isolator in the seismically isolated RTU panel system. Furthermore, it was considered that the application of the seismic isolator can effectively mitigate the impact and amplification of seismic force to the RTU panel system during and after strong ground motions in this study.

Published
2021
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13. Fire spread from an open‐doors electrical cabinet to neighboring targets in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility.

Author

Zavaleta, Pascal, Suard, Sylvain, and Audouin, Laurent

Subjects
HEAT release rates, ELECTRICITY safety, NUCLEAR power plants, FLAME temperature, BROMINE, FIRE, FIRE testing
Abstract

Summary: Electrical cabinet fire is one of the main fire hazards in nuclear power plants. As part of the OECD PRISME‐2 programme, four fire tests were carried out to investigate the fire spread from an open‐doors electrical cabinet to overhead cable trays and adjacent cabinets in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility. These tests, named CFS‐5 to CFS‐7 and CORE‐6, used same both cabinet (fire source) and three overhead cable trays. The trays were filled with a halogenated flame‐retardant cable‐type for CFS‐5 and one halogen‐free for the three other tests. Moreover, fire dampers were used for CFS‐7 test while CORE‐6 test implemented two additional cabinets adjacent to the fire source. Measurements such as flame and gas temperature, gas concentration, mass loss rate, and heat release rate were performed for investigating the fire spread. Cabinet fire spread to the cable trays for CFS‐5 and CFS‐6 tests. Three fast and short cable tray fires were shown for CFS‐5, while a slow and long cable tray fire was highlighted for CFS‐6. In contrast, the fire dampers shutdown for CFS‐7 test prevented ignition of the overhead cables. Furthermore, for CORE‐6 test, cabinet fire spread to the adjacent cabinets, but the upper cables were not ignited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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14. Application of Tuned Mass Damper to Mitigation of the Seismic Responses of Electrical Equipment in Nuclear Power Plants

Author

Sung Gook Cho, Seongkyu Chang, and Deokyong Sung

Subjects
nuclear power plant, electrical cabinet, tuned mass damper, optimization method, seismic performance, Technology
Abstract

A tuned mass damper (TMD) was developed for mitigating the seismic responses of electrical equipment inside nuclear power plants (NPPs), in particular, the response of an electrical cabinet. A shaking table test was performed, and the frequency and damping ratio were extracted, to confirm the dynamics of the cabinet. Electrical cabinets with and without TMDs were modeled while using SAP2000 software (Version 20, Computers and Structures, NY, USA) that was based on the results. TMDs were designed while using an optimization method and the equations of Den Hartog, Warburton, and Sadek. The numerical models were verified while using the shaking table test results. A sinusoidal sweep wave was applied as input to identify the vibration characteristics of the electrical cabinet over a wide frequency range. Applying various seismic loads that were adjusted to meet the RG 1.60 design response spectrum of 0.3 g then validated the control performance of the TMD. The minimum and maximum response spectrum reduction rates of the designed TMDs were 44.7% and 62.9%, respectively. Further, the amplification factor of the electrical cabinet with the TMD was decreased by 53%, on average, with the proposed optimization method. In conclusion, TMDs can be considered to be an effective way of enhancing the seismic performance of the electrical equipment inside NPPs.

Published
2020
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15. Standardization of interfaces for electrical cabinets : How to optimize time saving and cost efficiency for electrical cabinets in submarines

Abstract

Background: In general, it is very complicated to build submarines. There are many parts and equipment that must be in place, and there are tight spaces on the boat. As submarine development progresses and new modern concepts take shape, the installation of new equipment on board becomes more complex, placing higher demands on well-defined interfaces, both geometrically and logically. The approach to electrical cabinets today is to run the cables from the bottom or top through a cable transit system, and only after the cabinet is installed on the submarine can the cables be installed in the proper terminals. This means that the installation takes a lot of time and combined with the fact that there are so many cables sticking out of the cable grommet, the work becomes even more superficial as installers are also constrained by the tight space. Sometimes workers also must move around to make room for others to pass through other parts of the submarine. This means that workers must leave their jobs and move before resuming their work. The following can happen several times a day, which means more time is needed to install electrical cabinets on the submarine. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop and design a solution that is a standardized interface for equipment in the form of electrical cabinets that are present and used in submarines. In this way, the solution must be able to satisfy the different interfaces of the devices that the different subcontractors provide to the company. The created proposals must be illustrated with a CAD software to visualize the concept. Methodology: The research methodology used in this project is a combination of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Design Thinking (DT). Result: The result presents a solution (ISO-box) that shows that it is possible to reduce and optimize the time to install the cabinet once the cabinet is permanently mounted on the submarine. The solution is presented in the form of a CAD model. Th

Published
2022

16. Standardization of interfaces for electrical cabinets : How to optimize time saving and cost efficiency for electrical cabinets in submarines

Abstract

Background: In general, it is very complicated to build submarines. There are many parts and equipment that must be in place, and there are tight spaces on the boat. As submarine development progresses and new modern concepts take shape, the installation of new equipment on board becomes more complex, placing higher demands on well-defined interfaces, both geometrically and logically. The approach to electrical cabinets today is to run the cables from the bottom or top through a cable transit system, and only after the cabinet is installed on the submarine can the cables be installed in the proper terminals. This means that the installation takes a lot of time and combined with the fact that there are so many cables sticking out of the cable grommet, the work becomes even more superficial as installers are also constrained by the tight space. Sometimes workers also must move around to make room for others to pass through other parts of the submarine. This means that workers must leave their jobs and move before resuming their work. The following can happen several times a day, which means more time is needed to install electrical cabinets on the submarine. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop and design a solution that is a standardized interface for equipment in the form of electrical cabinets that are present and used in submarines. In this way, the solution must be able to satisfy the different interfaces of the devices that the different subcontractors provide to the company. The created proposals must be illustrated with a CAD software to visualize the concept. Methodology: The research methodology used in this project is a combination of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Design Thinking (DT). Result: The result presents a solution (ISO-box) that shows that it is possible to reduce and optimize the time to install the cabinet once the cabinet is permanently mounted on the submarine. The solution is presented in the form of a CAD model. Th

Published
2022

17. Standardization of interfaces for electrical cabinets : How to optimize time saving and cost efficiency for electrical cabinets in submarines

Abstract

Background: In general, it is very complicated to build submarines. There are many parts and equipment that must be in place, and there are tight spaces on the boat. As submarine development progresses and new modern concepts take shape, the installation of new equipment on board becomes more complex, placing higher demands on well-defined interfaces, both geometrically and logically. The approach to electrical cabinets today is to run the cables from the bottom or top through a cable transit system, and only after the cabinet is installed on the submarine can the cables be installed in the proper terminals. This means that the installation takes a lot of time and combined with the fact that there are so many cables sticking out of the cable grommet, the work becomes even more superficial as installers are also constrained by the tight space. Sometimes workers also must move around to make room for others to pass through other parts of the submarine. This means that workers must leave their jobs and move before resuming their work. The following can happen several times a day, which means more time is needed to install electrical cabinets on the submarine. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop and design a solution that is a standardized interface for equipment in the form of electrical cabinets that are present and used in submarines. In this way, the solution must be able to satisfy the different interfaces of the devices that the different subcontractors provide to the company. The created proposals must be illustrated with a CAD software to visualize the concept. Methodology: The research methodology used in this project is a combination of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Design Thinking (DT). Result: The result presents a solution (ISO-box) that shows that it is possible to reduce and optimize the time to install the cabinet once the cabinet is permanently mounted on the submarine. The solution is presented in the form of a CAD model. Th

Published
2022

18. Standardization of interfaces for electrical cabinets : How to optimize time saving and cost efficiency for electrical cabinets in submarines

Abstract

Background: In general, it is very complicated to build submarines. There are many parts and equipment that must be in place, and there are tight spaces on the boat. As submarine development progresses and new modern concepts take shape, the installation of new equipment on board becomes more complex, placing higher demands on well-defined interfaces, both geometrically and logically. The approach to electrical cabinets today is to run the cables from the bottom or top through a cable transit system, and only after the cabinet is installed on the submarine can the cables be installed in the proper terminals. This means that the installation takes a lot of time and combined with the fact that there are so many cables sticking out of the cable grommet, the work becomes even more superficial as installers are also constrained by the tight space. Sometimes workers also must move around to make room for others to pass through other parts of the submarine. This means that workers must leave their jobs and move before resuming their work. The following can happen several times a day, which means more time is needed to install electrical cabinets on the submarine. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop and design a solution that is a standardized interface for equipment in the form of electrical cabinets that are present and used in submarines. In this way, the solution must be able to satisfy the different interfaces of the devices that the different subcontractors provide to the company. The created proposals must be illustrated with a CAD software to visualize the concept. Methodology: The research methodology used in this project is a combination of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Design Thinking (DT). Result: The result presents a solution (ISO-box) that shows that it is possible to reduce and optimize the time to install the cabinet once the cabinet is permanently mounted on the submarine. The solution is presented in the form of a CAD model. Th

Published
2022

19. Standardization of interfaces for electrical cabinets : How to optimize time saving and cost efficiency for electrical cabinets in submarines

Abstract

Background: In general, it is very complicated to build submarines. There are many parts and equipment that must be in place, and there are tight spaces on the boat. As submarine development progresses and new modern concepts take shape, the installation of new equipment on board becomes more complex, placing higher demands on well-defined interfaces, both geometrically and logically. The approach to electrical cabinets today is to run the cables from the bottom or top through a cable transit system, and only after the cabinet is installed on the submarine can the cables be installed in the proper terminals. This means that the installation takes a lot of time and combined with the fact that there are so many cables sticking out of the cable grommet, the work becomes even more superficial as installers are also constrained by the tight space. Sometimes workers also must move around to make room for others to pass through other parts of the submarine. This means that workers must leave their jobs and move before resuming their work. The following can happen several times a day, which means more time is needed to install electrical cabinets on the submarine. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop and design a solution that is a standardized interface for equipment in the form of electrical cabinets that are present and used in submarines. In this way, the solution must be able to satisfy the different interfaces of the devices that the different subcontractors provide to the company. The created proposals must be illustrated with a CAD software to visualize the concept. Methodology: The research methodology used in this project is a combination of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Design Thinking (DT). Result: The result presents a solution (ISO-box) that shows that it is possible to reduce and optimize the time to install the cabinet once the cabinet is permanently mounted on the submarine. The solution is presented in the form of a CAD model. Th

Published
2022

20. Standardization of interfaces for electrical cabinets : How to optimize time saving and cost efficiency for electrical cabinets in submarines

Abstract

Background: In general, it is very complicated to build submarines. There are many parts and equipment that must be in place, and there are tight spaces on the boat. As submarine development progresses and new modern concepts take shape, the installation of new equipment on board becomes more complex, placing higher demands on well-defined interfaces, both geometrically and logically. The approach to electrical cabinets today is to run the cables from the bottom or top through a cable transit system, and only after the cabinet is installed on the submarine can the cables be installed in the proper terminals. This means that the installation takes a lot of time and combined with the fact that there are so many cables sticking out of the cable grommet, the work becomes even more superficial as installers are also constrained by the tight space. Sometimes workers also must move around to make room for others to pass through other parts of the submarine. This means that workers must leave their jobs and move before resuming their work. The following can happen several times a day, which means more time is needed to install electrical cabinets on the submarine. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop and design a solution that is a standardized interface for equipment in the form of electrical cabinets that are present and used in submarines. In this way, the solution must be able to satisfy the different interfaces of the devices that the different subcontractors provide to the company. The created proposals must be illustrated with a CAD software to visualize the concept. Methodology: The research methodology used in this project is a combination of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Design Thinking (DT). Result: The result presents a solution (ISO-box) that shows that it is possible to reduce and optimize the time to install the cabinet once the cabinet is permanently mounted on the submarine. The solution is presented in the form of a CAD model. Th

Published
2022

21. Estimating Seismic Demands of a Single-Door Electrical Cabinet System Based on the Performance Limit-State of Concrete Shear Wall Structures

Author

Bu-Seog Ju, Hoyoung Son, Sangwoo Lee, and Shinyoung Kwag

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Geography, Planning and Development, decoupled analysis, electrical cabinet, concrete shear walls, performance-based seismic qualification, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Abstract

The electrical cabinet systems in power plants are critical non-structural components to maintaining sustainable operation and preventing unexpected accidents during extreme events. This system consists of various electrical equipment such as relays, circuit breakers, and switches enclosed by a steel cabinet for the protection of the equipment. The cabinet systems are installed in and protected by structures so that the cabinet’s behavior is totally dependent on the behavior of the structures when subjected to an earthquake. Therefore, it is essential to qualify the seismic performance of the cabinet system considering the effect of the primary structure where the electrical cabinet system is mounted. In addition, with the implementation of ASCE-43 design standards for nuclear facilities, facility design allowing nonlinear behavior has gained greater attention in nuclear power plants, and research on how the response of the cabinet varies according to allowable damage levels of structures is needed. In this study, Finite Element (FE) models of a single-door electrical cabinet and concrete shear wall structure validated through experimental data are used for a decoupled analysis to estimate the seismic demands of the electrical cabinet. Three different earthquake loadings, referred to as EQ#13, #17, and #19, used in the SMART-2013 project are selected to obtain floor responses of the concrete structure, and the loadings lead to different levels of damage (minor, moderate, and major damage, respectively) to the structure. Finally, the floor responses based on levels of the damage to the primary structure are applied to the electrical cabinet system as input loadings for the decoupled analysis. Thus, this study presents the effects of the cabinet elevation and performance limit-state for concrete shear wall structures on the response of the electrical cabinet, and it shows that while the difference in seismic demands is not significant in the minor and moderate damage states, a meaningful difference occurs in the degree of the major damage state.

Published
2022
Full Text
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22. Standardization of interfaces for electrical cabinets : How to optimize time saving and cost efficiency for electrical cabinets in submarines

Author

Abdalameir, Hussein and Daher, Maher

Subjects
Participatory Action Research, Annan maskinteknik, Design Thinking, Submarine, Electrical cabinet, Other Mechanical Engineering, Standardization
Abstract

Background: In general, it is very complicated to build submarines. There are many parts and equipment that must be in place, and there are tight spaces on the boat. As submarine development progresses and new modern concepts take shape, the installation of new equipment on board becomes more complex, placing higher demands on well-defined interfaces, both geometrically and logically. The approach to electrical cabinets today is to run the cables from the bottom or top through a cable transit system, and only after the cabinet is installed on the submarine can the cables be installed in the proper terminals. This means that the installation takes a lot of time and combined with the fact that there are so many cables sticking out of the cable grommet, the work becomes even more superficial as installers are also constrained by the tight space. Sometimes workers also must move around to make room for others to pass through other parts of the submarine. This means that workers must leave their jobs and move before resuming their work. The following can happen several times a day, which means more time is needed to install electrical cabinets on the submarine. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop and design a solution that is a standardized interface for equipment in the form of electrical cabinets that are present and used in submarines. In this way, the solution must be able to satisfy the different interfaces of the devices that the different subcontractors provide to the company. The created proposals must be illustrated with a CAD software to visualize the concept. Methodology: The research methodology used in this project is a combination of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Design Thinking (DT). Result: The result presents a solution (ISO-box) that shows that it is possible to reduce and optimize the time to install the cabinet once the cabinet is permanently mounted on the submarine. The solution is presented in the form of a CAD model. The model is set up so that all the cables coming from the cable transit system have an adapter at the end, which has a counterpart in a box to the cabinet that is installed on the submarine. Then when the cabinet is assembled, all that must be done is to plug the right connector into the right place in this box. The box has colors for the connectors and numbering that makes it easier for the installer to know which adapter to use. Conclusions: The work shows that it is quite possible to change the current solution so that less time is needed in the final assembly of the cabinets. It will be easier to just connect the contacts and then leave room for others to pass in the confined spaces. It will also be easier to maintain, as the installer can replace broken contacts as the solution is modular, and there is the possibility of installing new equipment with ISO-box if necessary.

Published
2022

23. Seismic Experimental Assessment of Remote Terminal Unit System with Friction Pendulum under Triaxial Shake Table Tests

Author

Wooyoung Jung, Sungwan Kim, Bu-Seog Ju, Da-Woon Yun, and Bub-Gyu Jeon

Subjects
Piping, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, business.industry, Isolator, Metals and Alloys, Pendulum, Foundation (engineering), TN1-997, Structural engineering, triaxial shake table, friction pendulum, Strong ground motion, Vibration, electrical cabinet, Electrical equipment, Earthquake shaking table, General Materials Science, seismic isolated device, business, Geology
Abstract

In recent years, earthquakes have caused more damage to nonstructural components, such as mechanical and electrical equipment and piping systems, than to structural components. In particular, among the nonstructural components, the electrical cabinet is an essential piece of equipment used to maintain the functionality of critical facilities such as nuclear and non-nuclear power plants. Therefore, damage to the electrical cabinet associated with the safety of the facility can lead to severe accidents related to loss-of-life and property damage. Consequently, the electrical cabinet system must be protected against strong ground motion. This paper presents an exploratory study of dynamic characteristics of seismically isolated remote terminal unit (RTU) cabinet system subjected to tri-axial shaking table, and also the shaking table test of the non-seismically isolated cabinet system was conducted to compare the vibration characteristics with the cabinet system installed with friction pendulum isolator device. In addition, for the shaking table test, two recorded earthquakes obtained from Korea and artificial earthquakes based on the common application of building seismic-resistant design standards as an input ground motions were applied. The experimental assessment showed that the various damage modes such as door opening, the fall of the wire mold, and damage to door lock occurred in the RTU panel fixed on the concrete foundation by a set anchor, but the damage occurred only at the seismic isolator in the seismically isolated RTU panel system. Furthermore, it was considered that the application of the seismic isolator can effectively mitigate the impact and amplification of seismic force to the RTU panel system during and after strong ground motions in this study.

Published
2021

24. Automatización del test de cuadros eléctricos mediante aplicación web y base de datos de código libre

Abstract

[ES] Durante los últimos años, el surgimiento de nuevas tecnologías y conceptos tecnológicos ha dado lugar a la llamada 4ª revolución industrial, también conocida como ¿Industria 4.0¿. Las tecnologías en las que se basa esta revolución son, principalmente, las grandes acumulaciones de datos (Big data), el uso de algoritmos para procesar estos datos y la interconexión de los dispositivos digitales. Otro de los conceptos tecnológicos más interesantes y que más calado está teniendo desde hace unos años en la industria, sobre todo en lo referente a tecnología software, es el de ¿Código libre¿. Las aplicaciones basadas en código libre permiten a los usuarios acceder al código fuente del software y ofrecen la posibilidad de estudiarlo y modificarlo sin ninguna restricción en el uso del mismo. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo desarrollar, mediante herramientas de código libre, una aplicación accesible mediante interfaz web que permita modificar y ejecutar test utilizados para comprobar el correcto funcionamiento de armarios eléctricos. El proyecto se va a realizar en una empresa, por lo que supone un paso más en la digitalización de esta y su incursión en la Industria 4.0., [EN] In recent years, the emergence of new technologies and technological concepts has led to the so-called 4th industrial revolution, also known as "Industry 4.0". The technologies on which this revolution is based are mainly big data accumulations, the use of algorithms to process these data and the interconnection of digital devices. Another one of the most interesting technological concepts that is becoming popular since a few years in the industry, especially regarding software technology, is the ¿Open Source¿. Applications based on Open Source allow users to access the source code of the software and offer the possibility of studying and modifying it without any restriction in its use. This project aims to develop, through open source tools, an application accessible via web interface that allows to modify and run tests used to check the proper operation of electrical cabinets. The project will be developed in a company, so it is a step further in its digitization and its incursion into the Industry 4.0., [CA] Durant els últims anys, el sorgiment de noves tecnologies i conceptes tecnològics ha donat lloc a la crida 4a revolució industrial, també coneguda com a Indústria 4.0. Les tecnologies en què es basa esta revolució són, principalment, les grans acumulacions de dades (Big data), l'ús d'algoritmes per a processar estes dades i la interconnexió dels dispositius digitals. Un altre dels conceptes tecnològics més interessants i que més calat està tenint des de fa uns anys en la indústria, sobretot pel que fa a tecnologia software, és el de “Codi lliure”. Les aplicacions basades en codi lliure permeten als usuaris accedir al codi font del programari i oferixen la possibilitat d'estudiar-ho i modificar-ho sense cap restricció en l'ús del mateix. Este treball té per objectiu desenvolupar, per mitjà de ferramentes de codi lliure, una aplicació accessible per mitjà d'interfície web que permeta modificar i executar test utilitzats per a comprovar el funcionament correcte d'armaris elèctrics. El projecte es va a realitzar en una empresa, per la qual cosa suposa un pas més en la digitalització d'esta i la seua incursió en la Indústria 4.0.

Published
2020

25. Automatización del test de cuadros eléctricos mediante aplicación web y base de datos de código libre

Abstract

[ES] Durante los últimos años, el surgimiento de nuevas tecnologías y conceptos tecnológicos ha dado lugar a la llamada 4ª revolución industrial, también conocida como ¿Industria 4.0¿. Las tecnologías en las que se basa esta revolución son, principalmente, las grandes acumulaciones de datos (Big data), el uso de algoritmos para procesar estos datos y la interconexión de los dispositivos digitales. Otro de los conceptos tecnológicos más interesantes y que más calado está teniendo desde hace unos años en la industria, sobre todo en lo referente a tecnología software, es el de ¿Código libre¿. Las aplicaciones basadas en código libre permiten a los usuarios acceder al código fuente del software y ofrecen la posibilidad de estudiarlo y modificarlo sin ninguna restricción en el uso del mismo. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo desarrollar, mediante herramientas de código libre, una aplicación accesible mediante interfaz web que permita modificar y ejecutar test utilizados para comprobar el correcto funcionamiento de armarios eléctricos. El proyecto se va a realizar en una empresa, por lo que supone un paso más en la digitalización de esta y su incursión en la Industria 4.0., [EN] In recent years, the emergence of new technologies and technological concepts has led to the so-called 4th industrial revolution, also known as "Industry 4.0". The technologies on which this revolution is based are mainly big data accumulations, the use of algorithms to process these data and the interconnection of digital devices. Another one of the most interesting technological concepts that is becoming popular since a few years in the industry, especially regarding software technology, is the ¿Open Source¿. Applications based on Open Source allow users to access the source code of the software and offer the possibility of studying and modifying it without any restriction in its use. This project aims to develop, through open source tools, an application accessible via web interface that allows to modify and run tests used to check the proper operation of electrical cabinets. The project will be developed in a company, so it is a step further in its digitization and its incursion into the Industry 4.0., [CA] Durant els últims anys, el sorgiment de noves tecnologies i conceptes tecnològics ha donat lloc a la crida 4a revolució industrial, també coneguda com a Indústria 4.0. Les tecnologies en què es basa esta revolució són, principalment, les grans acumulacions de dades (Big data), l'ús d'algoritmes per a processar estes dades i la interconnexió dels dispositius digitals. Un altre dels conceptes tecnològics més interessants i que més calat està tenint des de fa uns anys en la indústria, sobretot pel que fa a tecnologia software, és el de “Codi lliure”. Les aplicacions basades en codi lliure permeten als usuaris accedir al codi font del programari i oferixen la possibilitat d'estudiar-ho i modificar-ho sense cap restricció en l'ús del mateix. Este treball té per objectiu desenvolupar, per mitjà de ferramentes de codi lliure, una aplicació accessible per mitjà d'interfície web que permeta modificar i executar test utilitzats per a comprovar el funcionament correcte d'armaris elèctrics. El projecte es va a realitzar en una empresa, per la qual cosa suposa un pas més en la digitalització d'esta i la seua incursió en la Indústria 4.0.

Published
2020

26. Automatización del test de cuadros eléctricos mediante aplicación web y base de datos de código libre

Abstract

[ES] Durante los últimos años, el surgimiento de nuevas tecnologías y conceptos tecnológicos ha dado lugar a la llamada 4ª revolución industrial, también conocida como ¿Industria 4.0¿. Las tecnologías en las que se basa esta revolución son, principalmente, las grandes acumulaciones de datos (Big data), el uso de algoritmos para procesar estos datos y la interconexión de los dispositivos digitales. Otro de los conceptos tecnológicos más interesantes y que más calado está teniendo desde hace unos años en la industria, sobre todo en lo referente a tecnología software, es el de ¿Código libre¿. Las aplicaciones basadas en código libre permiten a los usuarios acceder al código fuente del software y ofrecen la posibilidad de estudiarlo y modificarlo sin ninguna restricción en el uso del mismo. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo desarrollar, mediante herramientas de código libre, una aplicación accesible mediante interfaz web que permita modificar y ejecutar test utilizados para comprobar el correcto funcionamiento de armarios eléctricos. El proyecto se va a realizar en una empresa, por lo que supone un paso más en la digitalización de esta y su incursión en la Industria 4.0., [EN] In recent years, the emergence of new technologies and technological concepts has led to the so-called 4th industrial revolution, also known as "Industry 4.0". The technologies on which this revolution is based are mainly big data accumulations, the use of algorithms to process these data and the interconnection of digital devices. Another one of the most interesting technological concepts that is becoming popular since a few years in the industry, especially regarding software technology, is the ¿Open Source¿. Applications based on Open Source allow users to access the source code of the software and offer the possibility of studying and modifying it without any restriction in its use. This project aims to develop, through open source tools, an application accessible via web interface that allows to modify and run tests used to check the proper operation of electrical cabinets. The project will be developed in a company, so it is a step further in its digitization and its incursion into the Industry 4.0., [CA] Durant els últims anys, el sorgiment de noves tecnologies i conceptes tecnològics ha donat lloc a la crida 4a revolució industrial, també coneguda com a Indústria 4.0. Les tecnologies en què es basa esta revolució són, principalment, les grans acumulacions de dades (Big data), l'ús d'algoritmes per a processar estes dades i la interconnexió dels dispositius digitals. Un altre dels conceptes tecnològics més interessants i que més calat està tenint des de fa uns anys en la indústria, sobretot pel que fa a tecnologia software, és el de “Codi lliure”. Les aplicacions basades en codi lliure permeten als usuaris accedir al codi font del programari i oferixen la possibilitat d'estudiar-ho i modificar-ho sense cap restricció en l'ús del mateix. Este treball té per objectiu desenvolupar, per mitjà de ferramentes de codi lliure, una aplicació accessible per mitjà d'interfície web que permeta modificar i executar test utilitzats per a comprovar el funcionament correcte d'armaris elèctrics. El projecte es va a realitzar en una empresa, per la qual cosa suposa un pas més en la digitalització d'esta i la seua incursió en la Indústria 4.0.

Published
2020

27. Seismic Qualification of Electrical Cabinet using High-Fidelity Simulation under High Frequency Earthquakes

Author

BuSeog Ju, Bub-Gyu Jeon, HoYoung Son, Jongwoong Choi, Wooyoung Jung, and Seonggwan Park

Subjects
020209 energy, Geography, Planning and Development, seismic qualification, TJ807-830, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Low frequency, TD194-195, 01 natural sciences, Renewable energy sources, 010305 fluids & plasmas, high fidelity, High fidelity, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, GE1-350, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Structural engineering, high frequency, Finite element method, Sustainable energy, Environmental sciences, Time history, electrical cabinet, High fidelity simulation, Cabinet (room), High frequency vibration, business, Geology
Abstract

Most nuclear and nonnuclear power plants have been designed in the frequency range of 2 to 10 Hz, but now, the design guidelines for structural and nonstructural components such as electrical cabinets must be improved by including high frequency greater than 10 Hz for sustainable energy. The electrical cabinet is the essential piece of equipment for safety functions and the uncertainty of seismic capability in power plants. Consequently, the attention of this study focused on evaluating the seismic demands of the electrical cabinet under high frequency earthquakes and also, seismic qualification of the electrical cabinet using the identification of experimental tests and numerical models. An experimental test based on ICC-ES AC 156 and IEEE std.344 was conducted for seismic qualification of the cabinet and then, a high-fidelity finite element model to capture the significant deformation was developed in this study. It is observed that the fundamental frequencies were 16 and 24 Hz from the experimental tests, respectively. In order to verify the proposed high-fidelity simulation model, the target fundamental frequencies of the cabinet were evaluated in the ABAQUS platform. It was interesting to note that the reconciliation of experimental and analytical results was extremely identical. Furthermore, in order to evaluate seismic response characteristics of the cabinet subjected to high and low frequency earthquakes, time history analysis was conducted in this study, using the ABAQUS platform. As a result, the observation showed that the seismic response of the cabinet system under a high frequency earthquake was relatively higher than that of low frequency. It can be very important to note that the cabinet system was sensitive to high frequency vibration.

Published
2020

28. Automatización del test de cuadros eléctricos mediante aplicación web y base de datos de código libre

Author

Lorenzo Lucas, Jesús

Subjects
Test, Electrical cabinet, Open source, Base de datos, Industry 4.0, Código libre, Database, ARQUITECTURA Y TECNOLOGIA DE COMPUTADORES, Industria 4.0, Web application, Armario eléctrico, Aplicación web, Grado en Ingeniería Electrónica Industrial y Automática-Grau en Enginyeria Electrònica Industrial i Automàtica
Abstract

[ES] Durante los últimos años, el surgimiento de nuevas tecnologías y conceptos tecnológicos ha dado lugar a la llamada 4ª revolución industrial, también conocida como ¿Industria 4.0¿. Las tecnologías en las que se basa esta revolución son, principalmente, las grandes acumulaciones de datos (Big data), el uso de algoritmos para procesar estos datos y la interconexión de los dispositivos digitales. Otro de los conceptos tecnológicos más interesantes y que más calado está teniendo desde hace unos años en la industria, sobre todo en lo referente a tecnología software, es el de ¿Código libre¿. Las aplicaciones basadas en código libre permiten a los usuarios acceder al código fuente del software y ofrecen la posibilidad de estudiarlo y modificarlo sin ninguna restricción en el uso del mismo. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo desarrollar, mediante herramientas de código libre, una aplicación accesible mediante interfaz web que permita modificar y ejecutar test utilizados para comprobar el correcto funcionamiento de armarios eléctricos. El proyecto se va a realizar en una empresa, por lo que supone un paso más en la digitalización de esta y su incursión en la Industria 4.0., [EN] In recent years, the emergence of new technologies and technological concepts has led to the so-called 4th industrial revolution, also known as "Industry 4.0". The technologies on which this revolution is based are mainly big data accumulations, the use of algorithms to process these data and the interconnection of digital devices. Another one of the most interesting technological concepts that is becoming popular since a few years in the industry, especially regarding software technology, is the ¿Open Source¿. Applications based on Open Source allow users to access the source code of the software and offer the possibility of studying and modifying it without any restriction in its use. This project aims to develop, through open source tools, an application accessible via web interface that allows to modify and run tests used to check the proper operation of electrical cabinets. The project will be developed in a company, so it is a step further in its digitization and its incursion into the Industry 4.0., [CA] Durant els últims anys, el sorgiment de noves tecnologies i conceptes tecnològics ha donat lloc a la crida 4a revolució industrial, també coneguda com a Indústria 4.0. Les tecnologies en què es basa esta revolució són, principalment, les grans acumulacions de dades (Big data), l'ús d'algoritmes per a processar estes dades i la interconnexió dels dispositius digitals. Un altre dels conceptes tecnològics més interessants i que més calat està tenint des de fa uns anys en la indústria, sobretot pel que fa a tecnologia software, és el de “Codi lliure”. Les aplicacions basades en codi lliure permeten als usuaris accedir al codi font del programari i oferixen la possibilitat d'estudiar-ho i modificar-ho sense cap restricció en l'ús del mateix. Este treball té per objectiu desenvolupar, per mitjà de ferramentes de codi lliure, una aplicació accessible per mitjà d'interfície web que permeta modificar i executar test utilitzats per a comprovar el funcionament correcte d'armaris elèctrics. El projecte es va a realitzar en una empresa, per la qual cosa suposa un pas més en la digitalització d'esta i la seua incursió en la Indústria 4.0.

Published
2020

29. Application of Tuned Mass Damper to Mitigation of the Seismic Responses of Electrical Equipment in Nuclear Power Plants

Author

Seongkyu Chang, Deokyong Sung, and Sung Gook Cho

Subjects
Damping ratio, Control and Optimization, nuclear power plant, seismic performance, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, 0201 civil engineering, tuned mass damper, 0203 mechanical engineering, Electrical equipment, Tuned mass damper, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Response spectrum, Engineering (miscellaneous), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, lcsh:T, Seismic loading, Structural engineering, Amplification factor, Vibration, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, electrical cabinet, optimization method, Earthquake shaking table, Environmental science, business, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

A tuned mass damper (TMD) was developed for mitigating the seismic responses of electrical equipment inside nuclear power plants (NPPs), in particular, the response of an electrical cabinet. A shaking table test was performed, and the frequency and damping ratio were extracted, to confirm the dynamics of the cabinet. Electrical cabinets with and without TMDs were modeled while using SAP2000 software (Version 20, Computers and Structures, NY, USA) that was based on the results. TMDs were designed while using an optimization method and the equations of Den Hartog, Warburton, and Sadek. The numerical models were verified while using the shaking table test results. A sinusoidal sweep wave was applied as input to identify the vibration characteristics of the electrical cabinet over a wide frequency range. Applying various seismic loads that were adjusted to meet the RG 1.60 design response spectrum of 0.3 g then validated the control performance of the TMD. The minimum and maximum response spectrum reduction rates of the designed TMDs were 44.7% and 62.9%, respectively. Further, the amplification factor of the electrical cabinet with the TMD was decreased by 53%, on average, with the proposed optimization method. In conclusion, TMDs can be considered to be an effective way of enhancing the seismic performance of the electrical equipment inside NPPs.

Published
2020
Full Text
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30. Characterization of closed-doors electrical cabinet fires in compartments

Author

Plumecocq, W., Coutin, M., Melis, S., and Rigollet, L.

Subjects
*ENCLOSURE fires, *FIRE investigation, *CALORIMETRY, *INDUSTRIAL sites, *PYROLYSIS, *MODELS & modelmaking, *VENTILATION, *FIREFIGHTING
Abstract

Abstract: An important cause of fire departure in industrial facilities is due to electrical origin and particularly to electrical cabinets. The investigation of such fires has been scarce up to now and has been investigated exclusively in the nuclear industry. The Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) conducted a large number of experiments involving electrical cabinets burning either under a calorimetric hood or inside a mechanically ventilated compartment to investigate this topic. Calorimetric hood experiments demonstrated that the most important parameter is the size of the vents of the cabinet and that the time to flashover depends on many factors and seems somewhat random with regard to the observable parameters. The influence of the compartment on the fire behavior depends on the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere of the cabinet and on the oxygen content in the compartment at the level of the inlet vent of the cabinet. The compartment strongly impacts the pyrolysis of the combustible, affecting the fire duration, but has a weak effect on the Heat Release Rate (HRR). Experiments were usually remarkably reproducible, opening the way to a phenomenological description of this type of fire. A semi-empirical model based on the coupled solution of ventilation limit and excess pyrolysate could then be developed. This model was introduced in a zone code, and an ad-hoc modeling of the fire extinction based on a critical surfacic mass loss rate is proposed. The major features of the compartment fire experiments such as characteristic HRR and fire duration could then be reproduced with acceptable error. The development of such a semi-empirical model is a common practice in fire safety engineering concerned with complex combustibles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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31. Seismic Experimental Assessment of Remote Terminal Unit System with Friction Pendulum under Triaxial Shake Table Tests.

Author

Kim, Sung-Wan, Jeon, Bub-Gyu, Yun, Da-Woon, Jung, Woo-Young, and Ju, Bu-Seog

Subjects
SHAKING table tests, PENDULUMS, CABINET system, FRICTION, PROPERTY damage, CONCRETE panels, NUCLEAR power plants
Abstract

In recent years, earthquakes have caused more damage to nonstructural components, such as mechanical and electrical equipment and piping systems, than to structural components. In particular, among the nonstructural components, the electrical cabinet is an essential piece of equipment used to maintain the functionality of critical facilities such as nuclear and non-nuclear power plants. Therefore, damage to the electrical cabinet associated with the safety of the facility can lead to severe accidents related to loss-of-life and property damage. Consequently, the electrical cabinet system must be protected against strong ground motion. This paper presents an exploratory study of dynamic characteristics of seismically isolated remote terminal unit (RTU) cabinet system subjected to tri-axial shaking table, and also the shaking table test of the non-seismically isolated cabinet system was conducted to compare the vibration characteristics with the cabinet system installed with friction pendulum isolator device. In addition, for the shaking table test, two recorded earthquakes obtained from Korea and artificial earthquakes based on the common application of building seismic-resistant design standards as an input ground motions were applied. The experimental assessment showed that the various damage modes such as door opening, the fall of the wire mold, and damage to door lock occurred in the RTU panel fixed on the concrete foundation by a set anchor, but the damage occurred only at the seismic isolator in the seismically isolated RTU panel system. Furthermore, it was considered that the application of the seismic isolator can effectively mitigate the impact and amplification of seismic force to the RTU panel system during and after strong ground motions in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
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32. Seismic Qualification of Electrical Cabinet Using High-Fidelity Simulation under High Frequency Earthquakes.

Author

Son, Hoyoung, Park, Seonggwan, Jeon, Bub-Gyu, Jung, Woo-Young, Choi, Jongwoong, and Ju, Bu-Seog

Abstract

Most nuclear and nonnuclear power plants have been designed in the frequency range of 2 to 10 Hz, but now, the design guidelines for structural and nonstructural components such as electrical cabinets must be improved by including high frequency greater than 10 Hz for sustainable energy. The electrical cabinet is the essential piece of equipment for safety functions and the uncertainty of seismic capability in power plants. Consequently, the attention of this study focused on evaluating the seismic demands of the electrical cabinet under high frequency earthquakes and also, seismic qualification of the electrical cabinet using the identification of experimental tests and numerical models. An experimental test based on ICC-ES AC 156 and IEEE std.344 was conducted for seismic qualification of the cabinet and then, a high-fidelity finite element model to capture the significant deformation was developed in this study. It is observed that the fundamental frequencies were 16 and 24 Hz from the experimental tests, respectively. In order to verify the proposed high-fidelity simulation model, the target fundamental frequencies of the cabinet were evaluated in the ABAQUS platform. It was interesting to note that the reconciliation of experimental and analytical results was extremely identical. Furthermore, in order to evaluate seismic response characteristics of the cabinet subjected to high and low frequency earthquakes, time history analysis was conducted in this study, using the ABAQUS platform. As a result, the observation showed that the seismic response of the cabinet system under a high frequency earthquake was relatively higher than that of low frequency. It can be very important to note that the cabinet system was sensitive to high frequency vibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
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33. Application of Tuned Mass Damper to Mitigation of the Seismic Responses of Electrical Equipment in Nuclear Power Plants.

Author

Cho, Sung Gook, Chang, Seongkyu, and Sung, Deokyong

Subjects
*TUNED mass dampers, *NUCLEAR power plant equipment, *SEISMIC response, *SHAKING table tests, *NUCLEAR power plants
Abstract

A tuned mass damper (TMD) was developed for mitigating the seismic responses of electrical equipment inside nuclear power plants (NPPs), in particular, the response of an electrical cabinet. A shaking table test was performed, and the frequency and damping ratio were extracted, to confirm the dynamics of the cabinet. Electrical cabinets with and without TMDs were modeled while using SAP2000 software (Version 20, Computers and Structures, NY, USA) that was based on the results. TMDs were designed while using an optimization method and the equations of Den Hartog, Warburton, and Sadek. The numerical models were verified while using the shaking table test results. A sinusoidal sweep wave was applied as input to identify the vibration characteristics of the electrical cabinet over a wide frequency range. Applying various seismic loads that were adjusted to meet the RG 1.60 design response spectrum of 0.3 g then validated the control performance of the TMD. The minimum and maximum response spectrum reduction rates of the designed TMDs were 44.7% and 62.9%, respectively. Further, the amplification factor of the electrical cabinet with the TMD was decreased by 53%, on average, with the proposed optimization method. In conclusion, TMDs can be considered to be an effective way of enhancing the seismic performance of the electrical equipment inside NPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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34. Characterization of closed-doors electrical cabinet fires in compartments

Author

S. Melis, M. Coutin, W. Plumecocq, L. Rigollet, and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)

Subjects
Engineering, Radioprotection, Oxygen content, Fire protection, 020209 energy, General Physics and Astronomy, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Calorimetry, Fires, Semiempirical models, 0201 civil engineering, Fire modeling, Electrical equipment, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Arc flash, Doors, General Materials Science, Compartment fires, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Fire extinction, Flammability testing, [PHYS]Physics [physics], geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Phenomenological description, Waste management, business.industry, Fire duration, Fire safety engineering, Electrical cabinet, General Chemistry, Mechanics, Inlet, Nuclear industry, Fire behavior, Mass loss rate, Coupled solution, Industrial facilities, Heat release rates, Experiments, business, Pyrolysis, Loss rate
Abstract

An important cause of fire departure in industrial facilities is due to electrical origin and particularly to electrical cabinets. The investigation of such fires has been scarce up to now and has been investigated exclusively in the nuclear industry. The Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) conducted a large number of experiments involving electrical cabinets burning either under a calorimetric hood or inside a mechanically ventilated compartment to investigate this topic. Calorimetric hood experiments demonstrated that the most important parameter is the size of the vents of the cabinet and that the time to flashover depends on many factors and seems somewhat random with regard to the observable parameters. The influence of the compartment on the fire behavior depends on the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere of the cabinet and on the oxygen content in the compartment at the level of the inlet vent of the cabinet. The compartment strongly impacts the pyrolysis of the combustible, affecting the fire duration, but has a weak effect on the Heat Release Rate (HRR). Experiments were usually remarkably reproducible, opening the way to a phenomenological description of this type of fire. A semi-empirical model based on the coupled solution of ventilation limit and excess pyrolysate could then be developed. This model was introduced in a zone code, and an ad-hoc modeling of the fire extinction based on a critical surfacic mass loss rate is proposed. The major features of the compartment fire experiments such as characteristic HRR and fire duration could then be reproduced with acceptable error. The development of such a semi-empirical model is a common practice in fire safety engineering concerned with complex combustibles. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2011

35. Jednoúčelový stroj zajišťující lisování kanystrových nálevek

Abstract

Cílem této diplomové práce je komplexní popis teoretického základu, návrhu a samotné realizace jednoúčelového stoje pro lisování kanystrových nálevek. Teoretická část práce se zabývá standardy výroby elektrických rozváděčů, možnostmi řízení jednoúčelových strojů s důrazem na řízení pomocí programovatelného logického automatu tzv. PLC a je završena návrhem koncepce programu pro PLC, definicí možných poruchových stavů a popisem dvou typů rozváděčové skříně. Praktická část popisuje blokové schéma zapojení rozváděče, jakožto prvku sloužícího k řízení celého stroje, s fotodokumentací jeho zapojení, zvolený programovatelný automat, jeho přednosti a popis tvorby programu pro tento prvek řízení využitím tzv. Ladder Diagramu, návrh a popis systému komunikace s operátorem pomocí dotykového LCD panelu, programovací prostředí pro tento LCD panel a postup vytváření programu. Finální stroj, jeho umístění ve výrobě je popsán v závěru práce. Tato diplomová práce je založena a dále rozšiřuje úspěšně obhájený semestrální projekt se stejným zaměřením., The aim of this diploma thesis is detail description of theory, design process and final realization of single-purpose machine for pressing canister funnels. Theoretical section of this work covers manufacturing standards of the electrical cabinets, options for the single-purpose machine control with focus on the programmable logic controller e.g. PLC, PLC control program concept with definition of the main alarm states and description of two types of electrical cabinet. Practical part contains description of the electrical cabinet, its block diagram, photo documentation of the wiring (chapter 4.), chosen PLC type, its advantages and detail program description using Ladder diagram notation, communication with operator realized with touch LCD panel, programming environment for this LCD panel and program realization process. Finalized machine description and its photo documentation in manufacturing process is covered in the end. This diploma thesis is based and extends previously successfully defended semester project.

36. Jednoúčelový stroj zajišťující lisování kanystrových nálevek

Abstract

Cílem této diplomové práce je komplexní popis teoretického základu, návrhu a samotné realizace jednoúčelového stoje pro lisování kanystrových nálevek. Teoretická část práce se zabývá standardy výroby elektrických rozváděčů, možnostmi řízení jednoúčelových strojů s důrazem na řízení pomocí programovatelného logického automatu tzv. PLC a je završena návrhem koncepce programu pro PLC, definicí možných poruchových stavů a popisem dvou typů rozváděčové skříně. Praktická část popisuje blokové schéma zapojení rozváděče, jakožto prvku sloužícího k řízení celého stroje, s fotodokumentací jeho zapojení, zvolený programovatelný automat, jeho přednosti a popis tvorby programu pro tento prvek řízení využitím tzv. Ladder Diagramu, návrh a popis systému komunikace s operátorem pomocí dotykového LCD panelu, programovací prostředí pro tento LCD panel a postup vytváření programu. Finální stroj, jeho umístění ve výrobě je popsán v závěru práce. Tato diplomová práce je založena a dále rozšiřuje úspěšně obhájený semestrální projekt se stejným zaměřením., The aim of this diploma thesis is detail description of theory, design process and final realization of single-purpose machine for pressing canister funnels. Theoretical section of this work covers manufacturing standards of the electrical cabinets, options for the single-purpose machine control with focus on the programmable logic controller e.g. PLC, PLC control program concept with definition of the main alarm states and description of two types of electrical cabinet. Practical part contains description of the electrical cabinet, its block diagram, photo documentation of the wiring (chapter 4.), chosen PLC type, its advantages and detail program description using Ladder diagram notation, communication with operator realized with touch LCD panel, programming environment for this LCD panel and program realization process. Finalized machine description and its photo documentation in manufacturing process is covered in the end. This diploma thesis is based and extends previously successfully defended semester project.

37. Jednoúčelový stroj zajišťující lisování kanystrových nálevek

Abstract

Cílem této diplomové práce je komplexní popis teoretického základu, návrhu a samotné realizace jednoúčelového stoje pro lisování kanystrových nálevek. Teoretická část práce se zabývá standardy výroby elektrických rozváděčů, možnostmi řízení jednoúčelových strojů s důrazem na řízení pomocí programovatelného logického automatu tzv. PLC a je završena návrhem koncepce programu pro PLC, definicí možných poruchových stavů a popisem dvou typů rozváděčové skříně. Praktická část popisuje blokové schéma zapojení rozváděče, jakožto prvku sloužícího k řízení celého stroje, s fotodokumentací jeho zapojení, zvolený programovatelný automat, jeho přednosti a popis tvorby programu pro tento prvek řízení využitím tzv. Ladder Diagramu, návrh a popis systému komunikace s operátorem pomocí dotykového LCD panelu, programovací prostředí pro tento LCD panel a postup vytváření programu. Finální stroj, jeho umístění ve výrobě je popsán v závěru práce. Tato diplomová práce je založena a dále rozšiřuje úspěšně obhájený semestrální projekt se stejným zaměřením., The aim of this diploma thesis is detail description of theory, design process and final realization of single-purpose machine for pressing canister funnels. Theoretical section of this work covers manufacturing standards of the electrical cabinets, options for the single-purpose machine control with focus on the programmable logic controller e.g. PLC, PLC control program concept with definition of the main alarm states and description of two types of electrical cabinet. Practical part contains description of the electrical cabinet, its block diagram, photo documentation of the wiring (chapter 4.), chosen PLC type, its advantages and detail program description using Ladder diagram notation, communication with operator realized with touch LCD panel, programming environment for this LCD panel and program realization process. Finalized machine description and its photo documentation in manufacturing process is covered in the end. This diploma thesis is based and extends previously successfully defended semester project.

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