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2 results on '"Electro-optics simulation"'

1. Electron trajectory simulations of time-of-flight spectrometers for core level high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy at pulsed X-ray sources.

Author

Lollobrigida, V., Greco, G., Simeone, D., Offi, F., Verna, A., and Stefani, G.

Subjects
*ELECTRONS, *SIMULATION methods & models, *TIME-of-flight spectrometry, *PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy, *X-rays
Abstract

The advent of Free Electron Lasers (FELs), able to provide short (2–100 fs) and intense (10 33 photons/s/mm 2 /mrad 2 /0.1%bandwidth) pulses of light also in the hard X-ray regime (ℏ ω > 2000 eV), opens new possibilities to study the ultrafast dynamics of processes, exploiting the capability of Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) to measure core-level spectra of elements with bulk sensitivity. In order to detect the intense bursts of high kinetic energy electrons generated by the X-ray pulses with an energy resolution comparable to the existing category of electron analyzers, a new class of spectrometers must be designed. We present a characterization of two different TOF spectrometers, namely one based on a retarding cylindrical lens and another one based on the spherical reflector geometry. SIMION® software has been used in order to evaluate electron trajectories of high kinetic energy electrons (5000–10,000 eV) and extract transmission properties, angular acceptance and energy resolution. It resulted that while the linear system is able to accept a larger solid angle (∼50 msr), the spherical mirror offers a better resolving power (around 71,000). Both analyzers are capable of a transmission above 90% within range of kinetic energies wide enough to measure the full line-shape of a core photoionization peak. Furthermore, we proved that both instruments are able to discriminate between two consecutive electron bunches having a temporal separation inferior than 220 ns, which is the distance between two consecutive photon pulses at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EXFEL), which is currently under construction in Hamburg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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2. Electron trajectory simulations of time-of-flight spectrometers for core level high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy at pulsed X-ray sources

Author

Adriano Verna, Giorgia Greco, Daniela Simeone, Giovanni Stefani, Francesco Offi, V. Lollobrigida, Lollobrigida, Valerio, Greco, Giorgia, Simeone, Daniela, Offi, Francesco, Verna, Adriano, Stefani, Giovanni, and Verna, A

Subjects
Free electron model, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optic, Photoionization, Electron, Condensed Matter Physic, Optics, Cylindrical lens, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Electro-optics simulation, Physics, Radiation, Spectrometer, business.industry, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Material, Free-electron laser, Condensed Matter Physics, Hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Time of flight, Time-of-flight analyzers, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, business, Time-of-flight analyzer
Abstract

The advent of Free Electron Lasers (FELs), able to provide short (2-100 fs) and intense (10(33) photons/s/mm(2)/mrad(2)/0.1%bandwidth) pulses of light also in the hard X-ray regime (h omega> 2000 eV), opens new possibilities to study the ultrafast dynamics of processes, exploiting the capability of Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) to measure core-level spectra of elements with bulk sensitivity. In order to detect the intense bursts of high kinetic energy electrons generated by the X-ray pulses with an energy resolution comparable to the existing category of electron analyzers, a new class of spectrometers must be designed. We present a characterization of two different TOF spectrometers, namely one based on a retarding cylindrical lens and another one based on the spherical reflector geometry. SIMION (R) software has been used in order to evaluate electron trajectories of high kinetic energy electrons (5000-10,000 eV) and extract transmission properties, angular acceptance and energy resolution. It resulted that while the linear system is able to accept a larger solid angle (similar to 50 msr), the spherical mirror offers a better resolving power (around 71,000). Both analyzers are capable of a transmission above 90% within range of kinetic energies wide enough to measure the full line-shape of a core photoionization peak. Furthermore, we proved that both instruments are able to discriminate between two consecutive electron bunches having a temporal separation inferior than 220 ns, which is the distance between two consecutive photon pulses at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EXFEL), which is currently under construction in Hamburg.

Published
2015

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