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The main goal of this study was the elucidation of structures of products of oxidation of industrial hydrolysis lignin (HL) obtained in the system H2O2-H2SO4-H2O. It was found that the obtained oxidized hydrolysis lignin (OHL) contained structural fragments of muconic acid dilactone. The latter appeared as a result of the oxidation of aromatic ring of HL into unstable structures of 3,4-dihydroxyadipic acid, which are spontaneously cyclized into the corresponding fragments of muconic acid dilactone in acidic oxidative medium. Consequent reaction of OHL with aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) led to the formation of sodium salt of OHL (Na-OHL), in which the muconic acid dilactone units of OHL opened into fragments of disodium salts of 3,4-dihydroxyadipic acid. The Na-OHL was transformed into the series of novel derivatives of lignins. Thus, the reaction of Na-OHL with thionyl chloride proceeded as a substitution of hydroxyl groups into chlorine atoms in the structure of OHL, that afforded chloro-derivative of OHL. The latter was transformed into amino-amide and ester-ether derivatives of OHL by nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms with amines and alcohols correspondingly.

We are currently at the stage of forming a digital economy. Due to the lack of relevant statistical and empirical data and rapid technological progress, public authorities are faced with constantly changing priorities when developing strategies for digitalizing the economy. The formation and development of the national segment of the digital economy is necessary to achieve sustainable economic growth, increase the country's competitiveness and improve the quality of life of the population. The need to predict trends in innovative development in the context of the digitalization of the economy, taking into account modern realities, predetermined the choice of the topic and the main directions of the study. The article presents international comparisons of indicators that characterize the prospects and opportunities for innovative development. The possible consequences of digital transformation are considered. The stages of the formation of the innovation ecosystem are justified. Recommendations for the formation of an innovation ecosystem in the context of digital transformation are summarized.

Under modern economic conditions, digitalization of the economy is a strategic development priority in many countries. The introduction of technologies that promote digitalization of the economy allows the state, businesses and society to interact effectively in order to increasingly large-scale and dynamic process. Digital economy is becoming a critical driver of innovation, economic growth and competitiveness. Introduction of digital technologies opens up new opportunities for cooperation at all stages of the innovation process. The constant exchange of ideas and data sharing accelerate the innovation process fast and make it sustainable. A model of innovative development based on digitalization tools has been proposed. The authors have identified opportunities, detected threats in view of the pandemics events of 2020, revealed constraints of economic activity under lockdown, developed support measures by taking into account the specifics of digital transformation, summarized the results and focused on improving the ICT infrastructure and integrating digital technologies into the real sector of the economy. The conclusions and generalizations made in the course of the research, aswell as the model of innovative development and recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the implementation of measures to support innovation in the context of digital transformation can be used to develop plans and programs for the development of territories.

Iris L. are promising in medicine due to the biological activity of extracts. Iris sibirica L. is spread in Russia but its phytochemical composition has not been studied in detail though it is included in the Red Book. For this reason, I. sibirica L. biotechnology is in high demand. One of the key points in biotechnology is the regulation of plant metabolism using phytohormones. Obtaining of chromatographic metabolite profiles allows to control this process.The aim of this study was to develop an approach for effective control of biotechnological raw materials of I. sibirica L. by flavonoid profiles using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and to investigate the influence of phytohormones in nutrient media on content of flavonoids.Iris sibirica L. regenerated plants were grown on Murashige-Skoog media with 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and α-naphtylacetic acid (NAA) additives. To optimise extraction conditions, the design of the experiment was used. Profiles of polyphenols were obtained by HPLC-MS/MS in the positive and negative ionisation modes.The process for efficient extraction from leaves of I. sibirica L. were developed. The factors influencing the extraction efficiency of flavonoids have been determined. A total of 36 compounds were identified by HPLC-MS/MS. Among them isoflavones and their glycosides are the main classes. Addition of an auxin-like hormone increased the non-polar flavonoid levels, but decreased the polar ones. The variation in concentration of cytokinin (6-BAP) affected almost all of the analytes.The methodology for effective control of I. sibirica L. raw plant material biotechnology was developed by analysing obtained chromatographic polyphenol profiles.

В статье раскрывается содержание элективного курса для детей старшего дошкольного возраста «Элементарные естественнонаучные опыты и эксперименты» с целью формирования и развития познавательно-исследовательской деятельности у детей и интереса к явлениям окружающего мира через опыты и эксперименты. В работе представлена система взаимодействия с родителями, партнерские взаимоотношения для достижения поставленной цели.

The activity of mining enterprises and mining and processing enterprises comes with the generation of wastewater of complex chemical composition in high volumes. Open-pit mining using ammonium nitrate leads to significant pollution of quarry and drainage waters with inorganic nitrogen compounds. Excessive content of inorganic nitrogen causes eutrophication of water bodies and afflicts significant damage to water resources. Biological methods used in treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater depend significantly on external factors and show insufficiency in quarry wastewater treatment. The development of effective technologies based on physico-chemical treatment methods, in particular on the application of redox methods, is necessary for removing nitrogen compounds from mining wastewater. This paper presents the research results of the application of redox systems consisting of iron scraps and carbon-containing materials to reduce the content of nitrate ions in quarry water of mining enterprises. It was found that strong reducing agents Fe0, Fe2+, H2 as well as atomic hydrogen, capable of denitrifying water, are formed as a result of electrochemical processes in the redox system. The influence of the examined water pH and mass ratio of current-conducting elements in galvanic couple on efficiency of removing nitrate ions from quarry water was found. The possibility of post-treatment of quarry water, removing ammonium ions with the use of lowland peat, is shown.

The key problem in carrying out the activities of industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation is the lack of sufficient investment resources. In these conditions, the problem of assessing and increasing the level of investment attractiveness of enterprises is highly relevant. The paper focuses on the factors affecting investment attractiveness. Methodological approaches to assessing the level of investment attractiveness have been studied. The main types of expert assessments and statistical models are highlighted. The authors argue that it is more effective to use the method of statistical estimates in connection due to more accurate results. When using the proposed methods at the enterprise in the conditions of implementation of investment activities, it is possible to achieve a high level of investment attractiveness.

Digitalization is becoming increasingly relevant as Russia enters the path of innovative development of complex socio-economic systems. Digital innovations in the agro-industrail complex [AIC] increase labor productivity, reduce production costs, and, as a result, ensure the sustainable development of the regional economy. The study monitors the development of the digital agriculture project within the regions to identify problems and prospects for improving the efficiency of the AIC in the Kursk Region. In this study, we used various theoretical and empirical methods, including logical and system analysis, data collection methods, and ranking. The analysis has shown that the AIC of the Kursk Region is rapidly improving. Kursk Region also increases its resource potential and successfully implements the “Digital Agriculture” pilot project of the Ministry of Agriculture. We note that to implement digital technologies in the agriculture of the Kursk Region, the quality and professional skills of IT specialists must be improved first. The scientific novelty of the research lies in developing directions for improving the efficiency of the AIC via digitalization. The results of this study may serve as a methodological basis for further research in the field of innovative development of complex socio-economic systems.

One of the main problems of modern national development is the unregulated transformation of the spatial organization of the economy. As a result, the following problems inevitably arise: interregional differences in the level and quality of life of the population, the development of economic and social infrastructure, disproportions in economic growth and technological development, and threats to national security. A statistical measurement of inter-regional differences in the economic space of Russia indicates a significant increasing differentiation. The implementation of the approved State Spatial Development Strategy involves the development of a Comprehensive Plan, the formation of appropriate spatial development strategies for macroregions, and the creation of regional Spatial Planning Schemes. These processes update the algorithms for evaluating the effectiveness of the development and implementation of spatial development strategies. In the study, the iterative sequence of diagnosis and assessment of the transformation of the regional economic space, based on a systematic approach, is justified. It includes a number of stages for conducting a comprehensive measurement and assessment of the mutual influence of economic and social development, studies of the conformity of the sectoral and territorial structure, assessment of the sectoral capacity of territories and clustering of the economic space. The practical implementation of the proposed algorithm made it possible to identify areas for improving the economic space of the region. In the emerging hierarchy of documents for strategic planning of the national economy, the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation plays a system-forming role, which is determined by the specifics of economic development and the history of public administration of the national economy. Further improvement of the effective strategic management of the economic space will solve many problems of national development.

In the context of digitalization, the strengthening of integration processes is one of the most important areas of development of the Russian and foreign economies. Cooperation and integration make it possible to increase the effectiveness of IT technology implementation by concentrating resources in strategic areas, increasing competitiveness and increasing investment attractiveness. Integration processes in industries that determine the state’s production potential are of particular importance. However, the success of joint collaboration depends largely on the nature of the emerging ties and relationships of integrated associations. The article emphasizes the need for information technology in the context of the transformation of cooperation and integration processes.

In order to achieve long-term development goals, which are to ensure a high level of quality of life for the population and dynamic, progressive development of all sectors of the economy, it is necessary to switch to an innovative type of development. In this connection, the most important task facing public authorities of each region of Russia is the creation and effective functioning of innovative infrastructure. Despite a large number of scientific works devoted to various aspects of innovative development, insufficient attention is paid to the role of cooperation in innovation. The study aims to justify the use of cooperation in the process of implementing innovative activities to increase its effectiveness. The work used the methods of logical research, system and comparative analysis, and modeling. The paper summarizes the views of various authors on the concept of cooperation; the classification of cooperative organizations is given; the relevance of the transition to the model of innovative development based on cooperative ties between the subjects of socio-economic relations is substantiated; a generalization of the prerequisites for cooperation in the innovation sphere and the possible effects of its functioning are presented. The model of innovative cooperation is presented in the form of interaction of four groups of participants: government bodies, the scientific sector, enterprises of the real sector of the economy, the population. The measures necessary for the construction and dynamic development of the model of innovative cooperation are proposed.

In this article, the authors attempt to view into the notions of investment potential, investment climate and investment activity, as well as to analyze investment attractiveness of modern Russia due to its place in different global ratings. We also analyze the operation of regions in the situation of sanction restrictions, the amount of direct foreign investments into different enterprises on the territory of the country. We evaluate investment potential of regions in Central Federal District for eight indicators and give recommendations for increasing investments to the regions, which is to provide a higher level of adaptability of development strategies in the dynamic and complex economic environment.

The spread of digital technology around the world is accompanied by the uneven development of digitalization processes on the territory of different countries. Russia is no exception. The problem of digitalization management in the Russian Federation must be solved by building an effective system of its management. In order to implement digitalization management throughout the country, it is necessary, first of all, to establish this process on the territory of federal cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg and Sevastopol. Federal cities have all opportunities for building an effective system of digitalization management which in the future could be applied in other Russia’s regions without any serious failures and significant losses. The review and assessment of trends in the current development of digitalization in Russia’s cities of federal importance, the identification of priority digital technologies and priority areas of digitalization in them, the evaluation of their digital life level indicates the unresolved issues of digitalization management in the cities under consideration. A competent organization of digitalization management in federal cities based on the proposed directions will ensure the successful development of digital transformation processes within their territories, and other Russia’s regions will be able to adopt their experience in the future.

Over 6 years have passed since Ukraine became a member of the WTO. The accession has had both positive and negative effects on the country’s economy. The process of accession took place in the absence of any definite economic development strategy. As a consequence, the national manufacturers were hurt in many respects. Ukraine acceded to the WTO on terms rather unfavourable for the country, with little to no regard for the opinions of experts and the business milieu. That resulted in losses for the most vulnerable sectors of Ukraine’s economy. Those are the industries which produce high value-added products, including machine building, consumer goods industry and food-processing. This goes to show that the country’s WTO membership was detrimental for the innovation-oriented industries involving high technologies. The branches of the real sector of the economy which produce low value-added products (such as agriculture, chemical industry, and metallurgy) fared better. Despite the patterns of poor judgment shown, there are certain positive effects of Ukraine’s WTO membership. Among them one can mention the possibility to conduct equitable dialogue with the country’s foreign trade partners, enhancement of competitive advantages of the major producers in the real sector, provision of incentives to harnessing new technologies, improvement of production quality in order to enhance the competitiveness on the global market. Ukraine’s experience shows that it is obviously necessary for Russia to make efforts in order to ensure that Russia’s WTO membership would advantage the national economy and the real sector entities. Russia’s WTO membership can give a great impetus to the country development, but only if relevant domestic reforms will adapt Russian economic and legislative institutions to the conditions of the WTO multilateral trade agreements.

Placing the economy of federal subjects of the Russian Federation in the trajectory of sustainable development, increasing its competitiveness are associated with the expansion and increase of effectiveness of investment activity in the regions. With present-day conditions in mind for improving the efficiency of functioning of regional economy one needs new tools and methods of management of regional investment projects based on the latest achievements of science and synthesis of international best experience. The article shows that the main aspect of management of regional investment projects is the analysis and estimation of their efficiency. It influences the pace of development, as well as solving regional socio-economic problems. The paper substantiates the necessity to complement the evaluation algorithm of regional investment projects with functional units of analysis of social, innovative, environmental consequences of projects. Basing on the systematization of the existing estimated figures, we propose the integrating efficiency indicator of assessment of regional investment projects efficiency. The article identifies the main methodological shortcomings in the regional practice of investment planning. Taking into account these shortcomings in the activities of regional authorities will create conditions for increasing the efficiency of administrative decisions in this field and on this basis will provide the dynamic development of a particular area. The authors develop a method of multi-criteria assessment of regional investment projects efficiency, which provides for the calculation of economic, social, innovative and environmental efficiency indicators, the application of the Pareto principle, the construction of vector diagrams enabling executive authorities to determine reasonably the priority directions of socio-economic policy. The results of the research have practical implications and can be used by local authorities in the selection of priority investment projects supported by public funding and guarantees, as well as in the preparation of regional special programs of socio-economic development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s2p362