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Polymers with nanoparticle inclusions are attractive materials because physical properties can be tuned by varying size and volume fraction range. However, elastic behavior can degrade at higher inclusion fractions when particle-particle contacts become important, and sophisticated measurement techniques are required to study this crossover. Here, we report on the mechanical properties of materials with BaTiO3 nanoparticles (diameters

This is the first fact-sheet of the proyect ByAxon. It describes what is the project, the aims that pursue and how they will be tackled. Update (09.04.2018): The partner CSIC-ICMM was added to the Consortium's map.&nbsp

We studied experimentally and theoretically the direction-dependent elastic and electromagnetic wave propagation in a supported film of hybrid PMMA (poly[methyl-methacrylate])-TiO2 superlattice (SL). In the direction normal to the layers, this one-dimensional periodic structure opens propagation band gaps for both hypersonic (GHz) phonons and near-UV photons. The high mismatch of elastic and optical impedance results in a large dual phoxonic band gap. The presence of defects inherent to the spin-coating fabrication technique is sensitively manifested in the band gap region. Utilizing Brillouin light scattering, phonon propagation along the layers was observed to be distinctly different from propagation normal to them and can, under certain conditions (SL thickness and substrate elasticity), reveal the nanomechanical properties of the constituent layers. Besides the first realization of unidirectional phoxonic behavior, hybrid (soft-hard) periodic materials are a promising simple platform for opto-acoustic interactions and applications such as filters and Bragg mirrors.

Polymer-tethered colloidal particles (aka "particle brush materials") have attracted interest as a platform for innovative material technologies and as a model system to elucidate glass formation in complex structured media. In this contribution, Brillouin light scattering is used to sequentially evaluate the role of brush architecture on the dynamical properties of brush particles in both the individual and assembled (film) state. In the former state, the analysis reveals that brush-brush interactions as well as global chain relaxation sensitively depend on grafting density; i.e., more polymer-like behavior is observed in sparse brush systems. This is interpreted to be a consequence of more extensive chain entanglement. In contrast, the local relaxation of films does not depend on grafting density. The results highlight that relaxation processes in particle brush-based materials span a wider range of time and length scales as compared to linear chain polymers. Differentiation between relaxation on local and global scale is necessary to reveal the influence of molecular structure and connectivity on the aging behavior of these complex systems.

Deliverable 6.1 "Website and project logo" of the FET project ByAxon. This Project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 737116.

Determination of the mechanical properties of nanostructured soft materials and their composites in a quantitative manner is of great importance to improve the fidelity in their fabrication and to enable the subsequent reliable utility. Here, we report on the characterization of the elastic and photoelastic parameters of a periodic array of nanowalls (grating) by the non-invasive Brillouin light scattering technique and finite element calculations. The resolved elastic vibrational modes in high and low aspect ratio nanowalls reveal quantitative and qualitative differences related to the two-beam interference lithography fabrication and subsequent aging under ambient conditions. The phononic properties, namely the dispersion relations, can be drastically altered by changing the surrounding material of the nanowalls. Here we demonstrate that liquid infiltration turns the phononic function from a single-direction phonon-guiding to an anisotropic propagation along the two orthogonal directions. The susceptibility of the phononic behavior to the infiltrating liquid can be of unusual benefits, such as sensing and alteration of the materials under confinement., E. A. R. and G. F. thank D. Schneider for his support in the initial stage of the BLS study and acknowledge the support from ERC SuPro 340391 and ERC SmartPhon 694977, respectively. S. Y. acknowledges the support by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Grant #CMMI-0900468. B. G. and C. M. S. T. gratefully acknowledge support from the EC project MERGING (GA nr. 309150), the Spanish project PHENTOM (FIS2015-70862P) and the Severo Ochoa Program (MINECO, Grant SEV-2013-0295). B. G. acknowledges the Alexander von Humboldt foundation for support.

The design and engineering of hybrid materials exhibiting tailored phononic band gaps are fundamentally relevant to innovative material technologies in areas ranging from acoustics to thermo-optic devices. Phononic hybridization gaps, originating from the anti-crossing between local resonant and propagating modes, have attracted particular interest because of their relative robustness to structural disorder and the associated benefit to ‘manufacturability'. Although hybridization gap materials are well known, their economic fabrication and efficient control of the gap frequency have remained elusive because of the limited property variability and expensive fabrication methodologies. Here we report a new strategy to realize hybridization gap materials by harnessing the ‘anisotropic elasticity' across the particle–polymer interface in densely polymer-tethered colloidal particles. Theoretical and Brillouin scattering analysis confirm both the robustness to disorder and the tunability of the resulting hybridization gap and provide guidelines for the economic synthesis of new materials with deliberately controlled gap position and width frequencies., Hybridization-type band gaps are known to persist in phononic crystals, but their fabrication remains challenging for all-solid hypersonic composites. Here, the authors utilize the elastic anisotropy at the interface of polymer-tethered colloidal particles to control phonon propagation in GHz regime.

The fabrication of new hard/soft hybrid superlattices (SLs) by pulsed laser deposition strongly suppresses interfacial intermixing, as compared to the strong infiltration occurring in their analogue periodic structures prepared by spin-coating. Doring et al (2016 New J. Phys. 18 092002) report on the growth of SLs, optimally realizing the wealth of hard and soft materials to boost the terasonic bandgap width and enhance phonon localization upon designed layer thickness sequence in aperiodic SLs. Optimal utilization of the fabrication technique could drive the design of architected SLs with strong photon–phonon coupling and tuned heat conduction.

The phononic band diagram of a periodic square structure fabricated by femtosecond laser pulse-induced two photon polymerization is recorded by Brillouin light scattering (BLS) at hypersonic (GHz) frequencies and computed by finite element method. The theoretical calculations along the two main symmetry directions quantitatively capture the band diagrams of the air- and liquid-filled structure and moreover represent the BLS intensities. The theory helps identify the observed modes, reveals the origin of the observed bandgaps at the Brillouin zone boundaries, and unravels direction dependent effective medium behavior.

Determination of the anisotropic mechanical properties of nanostructured hybrid films is of great importance to improve fabrication and to enable reliable utility. Here, we employ spontaneous Brillouin light spectroscopy to record the phononic dispersion relation along the two symmetry directions in a supported PMMA (poly(methylmethacrylate))-BaTiO3 hybrid superlattice (SL) with a lattice constant of about 140 nm. Several dispersive elastic modes are resolved for in-plane wave propagation, whereas along the periodicity direction the SL opens a wide propagation stop band for hypersonic phonons and near UV photons both centered at about 280 nm. A thorough theoretical analysis based on the finite element method quantitatively captures the band diagrams along the two main symmetry directions, helps identify the large density mismatch effect on the unexpectedly low sound phase velocity, and reveals significant anisotropy of the SL elastic tensor. Phonon propagation is a sensitive index of the structure, density, and the mechanical moduli of nanocomposite films.