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OBJECTIVE: To assess medication adherence and factors associated with poor adherence in youth with bipolar disorder (BD) followed from adolescence through young adulthood. METHOD: Participants with BD recruited through the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study were included in this study if they were prescribed psychotropic medications and had at least 3 follow-up assessments of medication adherence (N= 179, ages 12-36). Medication adherence had been evaluated for a median of 8 years using a questionnaire derived from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. For the longitudinal evaluation, adherence was measured as the percentage of follow-up assessments in which the participants did not endorse any of the nonadherence items included in the questionnaire. Concurrent and future predictors of poor adherence were assessed using both univariate and multivariate longitudinal analyses. RESULTS: Among the participants, 51% reported poor adherence in more than 50% of their follow-up assessments. Younger age, family conflicts, polypharmacy, lower functioning, greater severity of mood symptoms, and comorbid disorders were associated with poor adherence in the univariate analyses. In the multivariate analyses, comorbid ADHD was the single most influential factor associated with concurrent and future poor adherence in all age groups. Participants most reported reasons for poor adherence were forgetfulness (56%), negative attitudes toward medication treatment (10.5%), and disturbed daily routine (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Poor medication adherence is a significant problem in youth with BD with the most influential factor being the presence of comorbid ADHD. Thus, it is important to identify and appropriately treat comorbid ADHD to improve medication adherence and patients prognosis. Providers should also recommend tools to enhance consistent medication intake and address patients concerns and negative beliefs about their illness and treatment.

Background: Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multifactorial process that arises from a integration of genetic and epigenetic anomalies leading to abnormal gene expression and function. It is difficult to characterize HCC with a single biomarker. Our study aimed at detecting the expression of a panel of 8 methylated genes (SOCS1, APC, Gadd45b, CDKN1B, P15, PAX6, STAT1 and MSH2) as regulatory factors among Egyptian patients with HCC. Methods: This study was conducted on HCC tissue samples of 30 Egyptian patients in comparison with their non-cancerous adjacent cirrhotic tissue as a control. Tissue samples were obtained from patients who have undergone living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) or liver resection at El Sahel Teaching Hospital (Cairo, Egypt). A special Custom designed PCR Arrays was used to analyze the expression profiles of chosen methylated genes associated with HCC. Results: Expression of SOCS1, APC, Gadd45b, CDKN1B, P15, PAX6, STAT1 and MSH2 were lower in the HCC tissue compared to the cirrhotic tissue (pvalue = 0.015, 0.081, 0.004, 0.027, 0.211, 0.015, 0.025 and 0.0001 respectively). 5 genes (SOCS1, APC, GAdd45b, CDKN1B, and MSH2) showed the ability to be used as diagnostic biomarkers for HCC with high sensitivity and specificity values at cut off values: 1.05, 1.17, 0.995, 0.546, and 0.125 respectively. As for the other 3 genes (P15, PAX6, STAT1), PAX6 gene has the highest sensitivity at a cut off value of 0.3364. A significant negative correlation was shown between alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and 5 of the studied genes (SOCS1, APC, Gadd45b, STAT1, and MSH2). Conclusions: Expression of the selected hypermethylated genes (SOCS1, APC, Gadd45b, CDKN1B, P15, PAX6, STAT1 and MSH2) in HCC tissue samples was lower than adjacent tissue. Their role should be further studied to solve the mystery that surrounds the pathogenesis of HCC.

نشر مجموعة متنوعة من الكتل الحجرية المنقوشة من اكتشافات عين شمس بمخزن آثار عرب الحصن بالمطرية [AR] يتناول هذا البحث دراسة ونشر مجموعة متنوعة من الكتل الحجرية مستطيلة الشكل والمكتشفة أثناء أعمال الحفائر بمنطقة آثار المطرية وعين شمس، وهى محفوظة حالياً بمخزن آثار عرب الحصن بالمطرية، وهذه الكتل عبارة عن بقايا عناصر معمارية هامة تعود لفترات زمنية مختلفة. وترجع أهمية هذه التحف الحجرية أنها أجزاء من مبانٍ أثرية تم هدمهما في العصور القديمة، وبدراسة هذه الكتل التي ظلت منسية لسنوات عديدة بعد اكتشافها، ستعطي لنا صورة أوضح عما كانت عليه هليوبوليس قديماً، ومن الممكن أن يتم ربطها بتحف أثرية أخري مكمله لها. وجميع الكتل الحجرية محل الدراسة من الحجر الجيري وعليها نقوش وكتابات هيروغليفية أغلبها في حالة سيئة، الكتلة الحجرية الأولي رقم 147 عليها خرطوش باسم الملك أمنحتب الثالث من الأسرة الثامنة عشر. وتحتوي على اسم الإله آمون-رع وألقابه، والكتلة الحجرية الثانية رقم 167 تحتوي على اسم الإله بتاح وألقابه، والكتلة الحجرية الثالثة رقم 177 صنفت على أنها بقايا عتب مدخل باب وعليها بقايا نص لألقاب حور البحدتي، والقطعة الرابعة رقم 456 وهي عبارة عن جزأين تحتوي على اسم الإله أوزير وألقابه. [EN] This research seeks to study and publish various rectangular stone blocks discovered during excavations in al-Mataria and ʿAin-Shams areas, currently preserved in the Arab al-Hīṣn Antiquities Store in El-Mataria. These blocks from demolished buildings in ancient times hold remains of important architectural elements dating back to different periods. Studying these forgotten blocks after many years of their discovery will give a clearer picture of what Heliopolis was in the past, and its possible link to other complementing artifacts. All the studied stone blocks are made of limestone with Hieroglyphic inscriptions and writings, most of which are in poor condition: block Nº.147 contains a cartouche of «Amenhotep» III from the eighteenth dynasty and the name of the god «Amun-Ra» with his titles; block No.167 contains the name and titles of the god «Ptah»; block Nº.177 is considered the remains of a lintel situated at the door's entrance. It contains traces of text that depict the titles of «Horus Behdetite». The block Nº.456 is comprised of two parts and bears the name of the deity «Osiris» and his titles.

Abstract Background Deregulated autophagy in diabetes has been a field of many experimental studies recently. Impaired autophagy in diabetic kidneys orchestrates every step of diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate three autophagy regulators; RUBCN, mTOR, and SESN2 as clinically applicable indicators of DN progression and as early predictors of DN. Methods This retrospective study included 120 participants in 4 groups; G1: diabetic patients without albuminuria, G2: diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, G3: diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria and G4: healthy controls. RUBCN and SESN2 genes expression were tested by RT-qPCR. RUBCN, mTOR, and SESN2 serum proteins were quantitated by ELISA. Results RUBCN mRNA was over-expressed in diabetic patients relative to controls with the highest level found in G3 followed by G2 then G1; (9.04 ± 0.64, 5.18 ± 0.73, 1.94 ± 0.41 respectively. P

Possessive Adjectives were very common and widespread in the Egyptian language in its late linguistic phase, as it was used and appeared abundantly in many texts and papyri dating back to that late linguistic period. An example of this is the prevalence of Possessive Adjective in the "D'Orbiney" Papyrus under study from the reign of the king "Seti" II, of the Dynasty 19, now housed in the British Museum EA.10183, and the emergence of Possessive articles was associated with the emergence of definite articles, Possessive article were derived from definite articles at the end of the classical phase. The emergence of new Possessive articles characteristics led to a change in the system of expressing Possessive in the language, As the ancient Egyptian language did not know what is called possessive Adjectives in the accepted form except at the end of the classical linguistic phase, as in the past, possessive Adjectives were a form of adding the Suffix pronoun as a direct addition to names, and there was more than one way to express Possessive in that period through The context of speech, and with the emergence of the new style of Possessive Adjectives at the end of the classical and late eras, it also became popular in Demotic and Coptic, Where the Possessive article usually corresponds to the thing that is owned in gender and number, Not with the owner, which is expressed by the Suffix pronoun,

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of 448 kHz monopolar capacitive resistive radiofrequency (MCRR) in the treatment of females with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Materials and methodsForty females with SUI complaints were separated randomly into two equal groups. Group A with 20 females received the MCRR therapy for 20 min and performed pelvic floor exercises for 20 min. Group B with 20 females received placebo treatment by applying the same application as in Group A without emitting any waves for 20 min, three times a week, for 4 weeks. The patients in both groups were instructed to pause the treatment during their menstruation; the patients were instructed to maintain home pelvic floor exercises. Both groups were assessed by a perineometer that was used to assess the strength of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM), the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the Incontinence Symptom Severity Index to assess the frequency of urinary incontinence symptoms as described by each patient before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment.ResultsThere was a significant reduction (p

Neck pain during pregnancy has negative effects on the quality of a woman’s life. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of kinesio-tape application on neck pain and functional activity during pregnancy. Thirty primigravid women who suffered from mechanical neck pain during the second and third trimester of pregnancy were recruited. They were randomly assigned to two groups: one received general antenatal advice about good posture in addition to kinesio taping for 4 weeks; the other received only general antenatal advice about good posture. Pain was assessed with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index scale (NDI) at the start of the study and after 4 weeks of treatment. After 4 weeks, both groups showed improvement, but the group that received advice and kinesiology taping showed significantly less pain (VAS) than did the control group, but no differences in NDI scores. Kinesiology taping and antenatal advice are more effective for treatment of neck pain during pregnancy than is antenatal advice alone.

Despite recent advances in understanding the genetic bases of microcephaly, a large number of cases of microcephaly remain unexplained, suggesting that many microcephaly syndromes and associated genes have yet to be identified. Here, we report mutations in PYCR2, which encodes an enzyme in the proline biosynthesis pathway, as the cause of a unique syndrome characterized by postnatal microcephaly, hypomyelination, and reduced cerebral white-matter volume. Linkage mapping and whole-exome sequencing identified homozygous mutations (c.355C>T [p.Arg119Cys] and c.751C>T [p.Arg251Cys]) in PYCR2 in the affected individuals of two consanguineous families. A lymphoblastoid cell line from one affected individual showed a strong reduction in the amount of PYCR2. When mutant cDNAs were transfected into HEK293FT cells, both variant proteins retained normal mitochondrial localization but had lower amounts than the wild-type protein, suggesting that the variant proteins were less stable. A PYCR2-deficient HEK293FT cell line generated by genome editing with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 system showed that PYCR2 loss of function led to decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased susceptibility to apoptosis under oxidative stress. Morpholino-based knockdown of a zebrafish PYCR2 ortholog, pycr1b, recapitulated the human microcephaly phenotype, which was rescued by wild-type human PYCR2 mRNA, but not by mutant mRNAs, further supporting the pathogenicity of the identified variants. Hypomyelination and the absence of lax, wrinkly skin distinguishes this condition from that caused by previously reported mutations in the gene encoding PYCR2's isozyme, PYCR1, suggesting a unique and indispensable role for PYCR2 in the human CNS during development.

Estimation of fruit quality parameters are usually based on destructive techniques which are tedious, costly and unreliable when dealing with huge amounts of fruits. Alternatively, non–destructive techniques such as image processing and spectral reflectance would be useful in rapid detection of fruit quality parameters. This research study aimed to assess the potential of image processing, spectral reflectance indices (SRIs), and machine learning models such as decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) to qualitatively estimate characteristics of mandarin and tomato fruits at different ripening stages. Quality parameters such as chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA, carotenoids (car), lycopene and firmness were measured. The results showed that Red-Blue-Green (RGB) indices and newly developed SRIs demonstrated high efficiency for quantifying different fruit properties. For example, the R2 of the relationships between all RGB indices (RGBI) and measured parameters varied between 0.62 and 0.96 for mandarin and varied between 0.29 and 0.90 for tomato. The RGBI such as visible atmospheric resistant index (VARI) and normalized red (Rn) presented the highest R2 = 0.96 with car of mandarin fruits. While excess red vegetation index (ExR) presented the highest R2 = 0.84 with car of tomato fruits. The SRIs such as RSI 710,600, and R730,650 showed the greatest R2 values with respect to Chl a (R2 = 0.80) for mandarin fruits while the GI had the greatest R2 with Chl a (R2 = 0.68) for tomato fruits. Combining RGB and SRIs with DT and RF models would be a robust strategy for estimating eight observed variables associated with reasonable accuracy. Regarding mandarin fruits, in the task of predicting Chl a, the DT-2HV model delivered exceptional results, registering an R2 of 0.993 with an RMSE of 0.149 for the training set, and an R2 of 0.991 with an RMSE of 0.114 for the validation set. As well as for tomato fruits, the DT-5HV model demonstrated exemplary performance in the Chl a prediction, achieving an R2 of 0.905 and an RMSE of 0.077 for the training dataset, and an R2 of 0.785 with an RMSE of 0.077 for the validation dataset. The overall outcomes showed that the RGB, newly SRIs as well as DT and RF based RGBI, and SRIs could be used to evaluate the measured parameters of mandarin and tomato fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Examining the outcome of the extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on females with postpartum sacroiliac joint pain was the aim of this study. Forty primigravida (six weeks postpartum) females with sacroiliac pain was the sample in this study. The subjects equally randomly allocated in group A and B. Group A was treated by ESWT in addition to postural correction and posterior pelvic tilting exercises. Group B was treated by the same exercise program only. Two sessions every week for four weeks were received by both groups. The measurement variables were sacroiliac pain and function level that were measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and the back pain functional scale (BPFS), respectively. All measurements were evaluated pre and post four weeks of intervention. The within groups analysis showed a significant improvement in VAS and a significant increase in BPFS in both groups after treatment compared with baseline. Regarding between groups analyses there was a significant improvement in VAS and a significant increase in BPFS in group A compared with group B. In conclusion, both ESWT and exercise program are effective in decreasing the pain and improving the function in females with postpartum sacroiliac pain. However, by adding ESWT to exercises in the treatment program the results are better, so this combination is recommended in treatment of females with postpartum sacroiliac pain.

ObjectiveTo identify a genetic cause for migrating partial seizures in infancy (MPSI).MethodsWe characterized a consanguineous pedigree with MPSI and obtained DNA from affected and unaffected family members. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism 500K data to identify regions with evidence of linkage. We performed whole exome sequencing and analyzed homozygous variants in regions of linkage to identify a candidate gene and performed functional studies of the candidate gene SLC25A22.ResultsIn a consanguineous pedigree with 2 individuals with MPSI, we identified 2 regions of linkage, chromosome 4p16.1-p16.3 and chromosome 11p15.4-pter. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified 8 novel homozygous variants in genes in these regions. Only 1 variant, SLC25A22 c.G328C, results in a change of a highly conserved amino acid (p.G110R) and was not present in control samples. SLC25A22 encodes a glutamate transporter with strong expression in the developing brain. We show that the specific G110R mutation, located in a transmembrane domain of the protein, disrupts mitochondrial glutamate transport.InterpretationWe have shown that MPSI can be inherited and have identified a novel homozygous mutation in SLC25A22 in the affected individuals. Our data strongly suggest that SLC25A22 is responsible for MPSI, a severe condition with few known etiologies. We have demonstrated that a combination of linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing can be used for disease gene discovery. Finally, as SLC25A22 had been implicated in the distinct syndrome of neonatal epilepsy with suppression bursts on electroencephalogram, we have expanded the phenotypic spectrum associated with SLC25A22.

Background: This study was conducted to determine the impact of a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on mixed incontinence. This condition can have a significant impact on women’s quality of life and social relationships. Methods: Parous females (n = 40) with mixed incontinence were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A received PEMF and pelvic floor muscle training in addition to general advice for 12 sessions. Group B received the same program but without PEMF. Pelvic floor muscle strength and the severity of urinary incontinence were assessed using a perineometer and the incontinence symptom severity index (ISSI), respectively. Results: Within groups comparison show statistically significant improvement in priniomter and severity index after treatment in comparison to pre treatment values. Between groups comparison after treatment showed better improvement in group A (p < 0.05) in pelvic floor muscle strength and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the severity of urinary incontinence compared to group B. Conclusions: PEMF combined with pelvic floor muscle training is an effective, convenient, and acceptable way to manage mixed incontinence.

For many construction projects, It is common for the customer to pay an incentive to the contractor for finishing the project in a shorter length of time. In contrast, the contractor pays delay penalties if the project is delayed. Goldratt 1997 suggested critical chain project management method (CCPM) as an attempt for minimizing project duration. Goldratt approach and related buffer sizing approaches result in different values of project buffer and feeding buffer which do not satisfy construction projects circumstances. The proposed model uses multiple shifts and discrete relationship between activity time and cost to be solved by integer programming to express real- life construction projects, optimize project duration with minimum cost and overcome Student's Syndrome and Parkinson's Law. A simplified representation of a small example project is formulated to represent this model. Final solution shows that this method is simple and generates a shorter time at low cost.

This article discusses the discovery and analysis of several inscribed stone blocks found in Heliopolis, shedding light on the architectural elements and religious significance of the ancient city. The blocks, made of limestone and containing hieroglyphic inscriptions, date back to different periods and provide insights into the worship of gods such as Amun, Ptah, Ra, and Osiris. The study suggests that these blocks were part of religious structures built by King Amenhotep III. The presence of these blocks highlights the importance of these deities in ancient Egyptian religion and mythology. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose The study was directed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ozone versus chlorhexidine gel for disinfection of cavitated carious lesions in young permanent teeth. Patients and methods Forty young permanent molars out of 20 children were allocated into two groups in a randomized technique according to the material used for cavity disinfection either ozone or chlorhexidine gel. Each child had two bilateral vital cavitated class I carious lesions in young permanent first molars. Dentin samples from deep caries lesions were collected before additionally after application of either ozone or chlorhexidine gel and cultured into freshly prepared appropriate media for microbiological examination. Results There were statistically significant decrease in both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus bacterial count after application of either ozone or chlorhexidine gel in both groups. Conclusion Application of ozone or chlorhexidine gel as cavity disinfectant in deep carious lesions after incomplete dentin caries removal provide an obvious antibacterial effect reducing S. mutans and Lactobacillus counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the visual rhetoric and activism themes on #MahsaAmini through a quantitative content analysis of 520 visual tweets. The findings show massive support for the women's movement in Iran through a predominantly visual pro-movement slant, which highlights the role of emotional visual tweets in mobilization. The study adds a unique dimension to Aristotle's rhetorical framework in the context of state violence and women's rights in the Middle East by exploring the "Women, Life, Freedom" movement. In addition, it provides valuable insights into how persuasion strategies shape feminist movements and encourage retweeting, especially amid cultural and contextual challenges in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]