Search

Abstract Iron homoeostasis is tightly regulated, with hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) playing significant roles. However, the genetic determinants of these traits and the biomedical consequences of iron homoeostasis variation are unclear. In a meta-analysis of 12 cohorts involving 91,675 participants, we found 43 genomic loci associated with either hepcidin or sTfR concentration, of which 15 previously unreported. Mapping to putative genes indicated involvement in iron-trait expression, erythropoiesis, immune response and cellular trafficking. Mendelian randomisation of 292 disease outcomes in 1,492,717 participants revealed associations of iron-related loci and iron status with selected health outcomes across multiple domains. These associations were largely driven by HFE, which was associated with the largest iron variation. Our findings enhance understanding of iron homoeostasis and its biomedical consequences, suggesting that lifelong exposure to higher iron levels is likely associated with lower risk of anaemia-related disorders and higher risk of genitourinary, musculoskeletal, infectious and neoplastic diseases.

Abstract The intracellular position of genes may impact their expression, but it has not been possible to accurately measure the 3D position of chromosomal loci. In 2D, loci can be tracked using arrays of DNA-binding sites for transcription factors (TFs) fused with fluorescent proteins. However, the same 2D data can result from different 3D trajectories. Here, we have developed a deep learning method for super-resolved astigmatism-based 3D localization of chromosomal loci in live E. coli cells which enables a precision better than 61 nm at a signal-to-background ratio of ~4 on a heterogeneous cell background. Determining the spatial localization of chromosomal loci, we find that some loci are at the periphery of the nucleoid for large parts of the cell cycle. Analyses of individual trajectories reveal that these loci are subdiffusive both longitudinally (x) and radially (r), but that individual loci explore the full radial width on a minute time scale.

Abstract Background This cross-sectional study assessed combat readiness, alcohol abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Uganda Peoples’ Defense Forces (UPDF) soldiers returning from Operation Lightning Thunder (OLT) in South Sudan and Central African Republic. Methods One hundred fifty participants recruited from UPDF soldiers who had recently withdrawn from OLT, and were based in Singo Peace Support Operation School were screened for combat readiness, alcohol abuse and PTSD. The Perceived Combat Readiness Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and PTSD checklist military version were used to measure the variables. Inferential analyses were performed to determine the association between combat readiness, alcohol abuse, and PTSD, while controlling for sociodemographic factors. Results We found that 16% of UPDF soldiers met positive screening results for PTSD, and 21% met the positive screening results for moderate substance use disorder. UPDF soldiers who benefited from combat readiness were less likely to develop PTSD or alcohol abuse. Our results showed a mediating effect of alcohol abuse on combat readiness and PTSD among soldiers with UPDF. Conclusion Our results highlight the high rates of PTSD and alcohol abuse among UPDF soldiers returning from military deployment. These findings provide insight into the role of combat readiness in reducing the risk of alcohol abuse and vulnerability to PTSD in the aftermath of military deployment.

Abstract We demonstrate two general classes of magnetophoretic transistors, called the “trap” and the “repel-and-collect” transistors, capable of switching single magnetically labeled cells and magnetic particles between different paths in a microfluidic chamber. Compared with prior work on magnetophoretic transistors operating in a two-dimensional in-plane rotating field, the use of a tri-axial magnetic field has the fundamental advantages of preventing particle cluster formation and better syncing of single particles with the general operating clock. We use finite element methods to investigate the energy distribution on the chip surface and to predict the particle behavior at various device geometries. We then fabricate the proposed transistors and compare the experimental results with the simulation predictions. We found that with gate electrical currents of ~ 40 mA for a transistor with proper geometry, complete switching of magnetic particles with diameters in the range of 8–15 μm is achieved. We show that the device is reliable and works well at different magnetic field strengths (50–100 Oe) and frequencies (0.05–0.5 Hz). We also employed an image processing code with a trained convolutional neural network to automate the proposed transistors for identifying and sorting particles with various sizes and magnetic susceptibilities with accuracies higher than 98%. The proposed transistors can be used in designing novel magnetophoretic circuits for important applications in biomedical microdevices and single-cell biology.

Abstract Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by 4-repeat (0N/4R)-Tau protein accumulation in CNS neurons. We generated transgenic zebrafish expressing human 0N/4R-Tau to investigate PSP pathophysiology. Tau zebrafish replicated multiple features of PSP, including: decreased survival; hypokinesia; impaired optokinetic responses; neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation; synapse loss; and Tau hyperphosphorylation, misfolding, mislocalization, insolubility, truncation, and oligomerization. Using automated assays, we screened 147 small molecules for activity in rescuing neurological deficits in Tau zebrafish. (+)JQ1, a bromodomain inhibitor, improved hypokinesia, survival, microgliosis, and brain synapse elimination. A heterozygous brd4 +/− mutant reducing expression of the bromodomain protein Brd4 similarly rescued these phenotypes. Microglial phagocytosis of synaptic material was decreased by (+)JQ1 in both Tau zebrafish and rat primary cortical cultures. Microglia in human PSP brains expressed Brd4. Our findings implicate Brd4 as a regulator of microglial synaptic elimination in tauopathy and provide an unbiased approach for identifying mechanisms and therapeutic targets in PSP.

Background and Purpose: Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and myostatin (growth differentiation factor 8) are related to most diseases and chronic disorders in elderly population. Even though these two factors have similar structural and signaling pathways, they can have different functions, and the available information about their effects on the regeneration of degenerated muscles during old age is contradictory. GDF11 plays a role in skeletal muscle regeneration, combating aging-induced muscle loss, and regulating metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. On the other hand, myostatin, mainly secreted by skeletal muscles, plays a role in inhibiting muscle hypertrophic response (negative regulation of muscle mass) and modulating metabolic processes. Also, its increased expression is related to obesity and insulin resistance. Considering the beneficial effect of resistance training on these variables, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of elastic band resistance training on the serum levels of growth differentiation factor 11, myostatin, and insulin resistance in overweight elderly women.Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight overweight elderly women with an average age of 74.04 ± 4.69 years and a body mass index of 28.21 ± 3.35 kg/m2 were selected based on the inclusion criteria and then randomly divided into exercise (n = 14) and control (n = 14) groups. Subjects in training group performed 12 weeks of Elastic band resistance training, 3 days per week. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session; and were analyzed for serum levels of GDF11, myostatin, insulin, and glucose. All data were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures of ANOVA and using SPSS version 25 software at a significance level of P0.05), though, the serum levels of myostatin (P=0.027), insulin resistance index (P=0.045) and body fat percentage (P=0.023) decreased significantly.Conclusion: It seems that the decrease in the level of myostatin following elastic band training, which was associated with a reduction in insulin resistance and body fat percentage, can have a positive effect on the muscle mass and energy homeostasis of overweight elderly women. Also, in future studies related to GDF11, it is necessary to select the type, duration, and intensity of exercise as well as measurement methods with more scrutiny and accuracy.

Abstract A circular polarized (CP) pentaband antenna based on the aperture-in-aperture (AIA) concept is presented for CubeSat applications. This AIA consists of five different bands ranging from L-band to Ka-band. Four different antennas, each operating at a specific frequency band, namely 12 GHz, 18.5 GHz, 26 GHz, and 32 GHz, were incorporated into an L-band (viz. 1.5 GHz) antenna. Notably, the five antennas can operate simultaneously for a CubeSat downlink operation with a frequency ratio of 21.3:1. The antenna structure shows a realized gain of 5–10 dBi with good CP bandwidth (

Introducción: La sedación paliativa continua (SPC) es definida como la administración de fármacos para lograr el alivio del sufrimiento físico o psicológico (síntomas refractarios), inalcanzable con otras medidas, mediante la disminución, progresiva y previsiblemente irreversible de la consciencia en un paciente cuya muerte se prevé muy próxima. Esta terapia se considera clínica, comunicativa, ética, legal y emocionalmente compleja reflejada por la inconsistencia que persiste en la literatura sobre su definición, diversidad de los síntomas refractarios, necesidades individuales y las indicaciones precisas. Objetivos: Analizar los desafíos profesionales y éticos de los médicos especialistas en el uso de SPC a través de un enfoque más personalizado y valorizando sus voces. Métodos: Investigación cualitativo, específicamente discusiones de grupos focales. Realizamos tres grupos focales (Dos con dos informantes y uno con tres de diversas especialidades, total de 7 médicos) Resultados: Se utilizó análisis fenomenológico interpretativo, usando procesos de descripción, interpretación y comparación para consolidar los datos en cuatro categorías en base a los propósitos: experiencias en el uso de SPC, abordaje clínico, entorno y el impacto profesional y ético. Conclusión: Se revela que los médicos perciben la SPC como una herramienta viable para aliviar el sufrimiento físico refractario en pacientes terminales, sin la intención de acelerar la muerte. Sin embargo, reconocen la complejidad de esta práctica a nivel multifactorial; pudiendo influir en la calidad de la sedación, por lo que es imperativo intensificar la investigación, desarrollar recursos educativos robustos y actualizar las guías clínicas para abordar los desafíos que enfrentan los equipos interprofesionales.

Group therapy is a scalable and effective treatment for anxiety disorders. However, when performed online, the reduced ability to identify with group members and the reduced interactivity can limit its appeal and effectiveness. Extended reality (XR) technology, including virtual reality and augmented reality, may help address these limitations, thereby enhancing the reach of online group therapy and the benefits that can be drawn from it. To understand how the incorporation of XR technology may improve online group therapy for anxiety disorders, this viewpoint paper examines evidence related to the treatment of anxiety disorders using offline group therapy, online group therapy, and virtual reality, as well as ways to increase social identification and interactivity with the platform, the therapist, and other users. This viewpoint paper suggests ways to integrate these research streams to leverage the strengths of XR platforms and improve group therapeutic offerings.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity between genotypes based on the physical, chemical and physicochemical characteristics of araçá-boi in tropical conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Roraima, in the municipality of Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil. Genotypes were obtained in the F1 generation, through open pollination. Twelve plants were evaluated, with 10 fruits being collected per plant. The physical and physicalchemical characteristics of the fruits were evaluated: fresh mass, length and diameter of the fruits, pulp yield, firmness, mass of the pulp, peel and seeds, number of seeds, soluble solids, tritratable acidity, pH, ratio SS/AT and vitamin C from fruits. The araçá-boi genotypes showed medium to high genetic variability, obtaining averages for the physical and physicalchemical characteristics higher than those observed in the literature. G genotypes A9, A10 and A6 adopted fruits with larger sizes and produced a greater number of fruits genotypes A1 obtained fruits with higher organoleptic quality. Genotypes A3 produced fruits with higher levels of Vitamin C and fruits with greater firmness. Genotypes A3, A6, A9 and A10 were promising with high agronomic potential and could be selected for the genetic improvement program of the species.

As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies occupy a bigger role in psychiatric and psychological care and become the object of increased research attention, industry investment, and public scrutiny, tools for evaluating their clinical, ethical, and user-centricity standards have become essential. In this paper, we first review the history of rating systems used to evaluate AI mental health interventions. We then describe the recently introduced Framework for AI Tool Assessment in Mental Health (FAITA-Mental Health), whose scoring system allows users to grade AI mental health platforms on key domains, including credibility, user experience, crisis management, user agency, health equity, and transparency. Finally, we demonstrate the use of FAITA-Mental Health scale by systematically applying it to OCD Coach, a generative AI tool readily available on the ChatGPT store and designed to help manage the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The results offer insights into the utility and limitations of FAITA-Mental Health when applied to “real-world” generative AI platforms in the mental health space, suggesting that the framework effectively identifies key strengths and gaps in AI-driven mental health tools, particularly in areas such as credibility, user experience, and acute crisis management. The results also highlight the need for stringent standards to guide AI integration into mental health care in a manner that is not only effective but also safe and protective of the users’ rights and welfare.

Abstract Visible‐light active anatase/brookite/rutile (A/B/R) ternary N‐doped titania (N/TiO2) crystals are successfully prepared by a facile sol‐gel method using titanium butoxide and benign N‐dopant source, guanidinium chloride. Systematically varying the aging time (1, 4, 8, and 12 d), its influence on physicochemical properties of as‐obtained spherical heterojunction nanomaterials is studied. Detailed characterizations confirm that a substantial amount of anatase (88% to 50%) is transformed to rutile (2% to 38%) via intermediate brookite phase (9% to 25%) as the function of aging time; not only the A/B/R phase content of the samples is tuned by sol‐gel aging time of the precursors solution but also their optical‐response and methylene blue photocatalytic properties are profoundly dictated. Notably under visible‐light irradiation, the photostable rutile rich mesoporous A/B/R triphasic N/TiO2 (50% A, 12% B, 38% R) aged for 12 d demonstrates higher degradation activity (97%) with a faster degradation rate (0.033 min−1) than both lesser aged N/TiO2 and undoped titania. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effect of interstitial‐N‐doping and optimal A/B/R interfacial charge transfer that leads to higher light absorption, lower bandgap energy and well‐separated charge carriers. The current work provides a new perspective for designing highly active visible‐light heterostructure nanomaterials with controllable phase composition.

Extended Abstract Background: The increased demand for cereals that are consumed by humans and livestock can be met through the development of planting drought-tolerant genotypes. Due to the interaction of genotypes × environment, the best genotype in one environment may not be the best in other environments, and therefore, this interaction provides valuable information about the yield of each genotype in different environments and plays an important role in evaluating yield stability. Genetic modification of drought tolerance in crops is one of the most stable and cost-effective approaches to increase production and yield stability. Examining the compatibility and stability of grain yield based on various parametric and non-parametric stability statistics and evaluating tolerance to drought stress based on stress indices in promising barley genotypes of the country's temperate climate are among the goals of this research. Methods: To assess grain yield adaptation and stability and to select high-yielding barley genotypes suitable for terminal drought stress in the temperate climate of Iran, 16 barley genotypes were cultivated during two crop years 2021-2023 in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in three research stations including Varamin, Birjand, and Yazd under two none-stress and drought stress conditions at the end of the season (12 environments). After determining the grain yield, stress indices, including MP, GMP, TOL, HARM, STI, YI, YSI, RSI, and SSI, and the correlation of each with grain yield were calculated in this study. Stability statistics included Nassar and Huehn’s stability statistics (S(1-6)), Thennarasu’s stability statistics (NP(1-4)), deviation from regression (S²dᵢ), regression coefficient (b), Shukla’s stability variance (σ²ᵢ), environmental variation coefficient (CV), variance component (θᵢ), coefficient of variance (θ(i)), Wricke’s ecovalence (Wᵢ²), and Kang’s sum of ranks (KR). Their relationships were calculated based on Pearson’s correlation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean comparison, and simple correlation were calculated using the SAS-9.0 program, stability statistics were calculated using STABILITYSOFT and principal component analysis (PCA). Stress indices and the correlation of each of these indices with grain yield were calculated using iPASTIC. The three-dimensional distribution diagram of genotypes in the ranges of A, B, C, and D was drawn using Grapher software. Results: The results of the combined ANOVA indicated the significance of the genotype × environment interaction. According to S(1-2) statistics, G7, G10, G11, and G3, and according to S(3-6) statistics, G7, G3, and G9 were the most stable genotypes. Among the non-parametric Thennarasu’s stability statistics according to the NP(1) criterion of G9, G3, and G5, according to NP(2) G5, G3, and G8, and according to NP(3) and NP(4) criteria, G7, G3, and G9 were recognized as the most stable genotypes. Based on Wricke (W²) and Shukla (σ²) equivalency stability statistics, G3, G9, and G13 were the most stable genotypes. Based on Eberhart and Russell's regression method, G9, G7, and G3 genotypes, with high yields, had general compatibility and good yield stability. Based on Francis and Kannenberg (CVi), genotypes G1, G2, and G15 had the lowest coefficients of environmental variation. Based on the average rank of each genotype in all stress indices (AR), G2, G7, and G3 genotypes were the most tolerant, and G14, G11, and G10 were the most sensitive genotypes to drought stress at the end of seasons, respectively. In the drought stress conditions at the end of the season, grain yield had positive and significant correlations with YI, HM, GMP, STI, MP, YSI, and RSI indices and negative and significant correlations with the SSI index. In non-stress conditions, grain yield had positive and significant correlations with MP, GMP, STI, HM, and YI indices, but no significant correlations were observed between grain yield and SSI, TOL, YSI, and RSI indices. The PCA revealed that the first and the second principal components explained 69.71% and 30.27% of the variance of the main variables, respectively. The first main component had a positive and high correlation with yield in both stressed and non-stressed environments, as well as MP, STI, GMP, and HM indices. The second component showed a positive and high correlation with grain yield in the non-stressed environment and TOL and SSI indices; it also had negative and high correlations with RSI and YSI indices. Based on the biplot diagram, G3, G7, G8, G9, G12, and G13 presented higher grain yield potential and are more tolerant to drought stress. Conclusion: In this study, grain yield had negative and significant correlations with NP(3), KR, NP(2), NP(4), S(6), and S(1) statistics, respectively, therefore these statistics can be used for identifying stable genotypes. G3, G7, and G9 with averages of 6732.9, 6730.6, and 6608.1 kg/ha, respectively, not only produced the highest grain yield but also showed the highest grain yield stability and tolerance to terminal drought stress among the studied genotypes based on the total ranking of all studied stability statistics and stress indices. Therefore, they can be used as new cultivars in drought-affected regions in temperate climates or as desirable genetic materials in barley breeding programs for drought tolerance.

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that commonly results from a high-calorie diet and sedentary lifestyle, leading to insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis perturbation. Physical activity is recommended as one first-line treatment in T2DM, but it leads to contrasted results. We hypothesized that, instead of applying standard exercise protocols, the prescription of personalized exercise programs specifically designed to reverse the potential metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle could result in better results. Methods To test this hypothesis, we drew the metabolic signature of the fast-twitch quadriceps muscle, based on a combined unbiased NMR spectroscopy and RT-qPCR study, in several T2DM mouse models of different genetic background (129S1/SvImJ, C57Bl/6J), sex and aetiology (high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD/Streptozotocin (STZ) induction or transgenic MKR (FVB-Tg Ckm-IGF1R*K1003R)1Dlr/J) mice. Three selected mouse models with unique muscular metabolic signatures were submitted to three different swimming-based programs, designed to address each metabolic specificity. Results We found that depending on the genetic background, the sex, and the mode of T2DM induction, specific muscular adaptations occurred, including depressed glycolysis associated with elevated PDK4 expression, shift to β-oxidation, or deregulation of amino-acid homeostasis. Interestingly, dedicated swimming-based exercises designed to restore specific metabolic alterations in muscle were found optimal in improving systemic T2DM hallmarks, including a significant reduction in insulin resistance, the improvement of glucose homeostasis, and a delay in sensorimotor function alterations. Conclusion The muscle metabolism constitutes an important clue for the design of precision exercises with potential clinical implications for T2DM patients.

Abstract Background Online pornography use, an ever more common activity, has raised myriad psychosocial and clinical concerns. While there is a need to screen for and measure its problematic dimension, there is a debate about the adequacy of existing assessment tools. Objective The study compares two instruments for measuring pathological online pornography use (POPU) that are based on different theoretical frameworks—one in line with DSM-5 criteria and the six-component addiction model and one in line with ICD-11 criteria. Methods An international sample of 1,823 adults (Mean age = 31.66, SD = 6.74) answered an online questionnaire that included the Short Version of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-6) and the Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-Use Disorders (ACSID-11). Factorial, correlational, and network analyses were conducted on the data. Results Both tools adequately screened for online “addictive” behavior, but the ACSID-11 was superior in assessing the degree of clinical risk. Conclusion Depending on the specific aim of the assessment (screening vs. clinical diagnostics), both online pornography measurement tools may be useful.

Over the last decades, the analysis of complex microbial communities by high-throughput sequencing of marker gene amplicons has become routine work for many research groups. However, the main challenges faced by scientists who want to make use of the generated sequencing datasets are the lack of expertise to select a suitable pipeline and the need for bioinformatics or programming skills to apply it. Here, we present MetaXplore, an interactive, user-friendly platform that enables the discovery and visualization of amplicon sequencing data. Currently, it provides a set of well-documented choices for downstream analysis, including alpha and beta diversity analysis, taxonomic composition, differential abundance analysis, identification of the core microbiome within a population, and biomarker analysis. These features are presented in a user-friendly format that facilitates easy customization and the generation of publication-quality graphics. MetaXplore is implemented entirely in the R language using the Shiny framework. It can be easily used locally on any system with R installed, including Windows, Mac OS, and most Linux distributions, or remotely via a web server without bioinformatic expertise. It can also be used as a framework for advanced users who can modify and expand the tool.

Objectives: To identify factors associated with prolonged postoperative length of stay (LOS) after VATS lobectomy (VATS-L), explore potential intersurgeon variation in LOS and ascertain whether or not early discharge influences hospital readmission rates. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent VATS-L at a single academic center between 2018 and 2021. Each VATS lobectomy procedure was performed by 1 of 7 experienced thoracic surgeons. The primary end point of interest was prolonged LOS, defined as an index LOS >3 days. Results: Among 1006 patients who underwent VATS lobectomy, 632 (63%) had a prolonged LOS. On multivariate analysis, the factors independently associated with prolonged LOS were: surgeon (P 3, and prior ipsilateral thoracic surgery or sternotomy. There was no association between LOS ≤3 days and hospital readmission (20 [5.3%] vs 39 [5.9%]; OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.50-1.53). Conclusions: An intersurgeon variation in postoperative LOS after VATS-L exists and is independent of patient baseline characteristics or perioperative complications. This variation seems to be more closely related to differences in postoperative management and discharge practices rather than to surgical quality. Postoperative discharge within 3 days is safe and does not increase hospital readmissions.

Papillary fibroelastomas (PFEs) are small, slowly growing benign cardiac tumors with clinically significant risk of embolization. Surgical excision is the definitive treatment of symptomatic PFE and is conventionally performed through a median sternotomy. In this study, we report a series of 12 patients, who underwent robotic-assisted PFE removal at the Mayo Clinic. PFE involved the mitral valve, left atrium, and tricuspid valve. No major complications occurred after the procedure, and most patients were discharged 4 days after the surgery. On follow-up, 1 patient demonstrated pericarditis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of succession management practices on NGOs performance in Tanzania. The specific objectives of the study were to: examine the effects of talent management on NGO performance; determine the effects of career management on NGO performance; and evaluate the effects of compensation management on NGO performance. Design/Method/Approach (only for empirical papers): The study used quantitative approach. The targeted population was 124 employees working in both managerial and non-managerial positions. Simple random sampling was used to provide detailed information. Data was collected using questionnaires. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis. Findings: The findings of the study showed that the majority of respondents, with an average mean of 3.7, 3.8, and 3.7, agreed that talent management, career management, and compensation management influence organizational performance in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, respectively. The results indicated that there exists a positive and significant (r = 0.497, p = 0.00) correlation between talent management and employees’ performance. The results further indicated that there exists a positive and significant (r = 0.497, p = 0.00) correlation between career development and employees’ performance. Moreover, the results indicated that there exists a positive and significant (r = 0.497, p = 0.00) correlation between compensation practices and employees’ performance. Theoretical Implications: The study refines the succession management practices literature. The multiple dimensions of selected human resources practices have been explored. Practical Implications: The multiple dimensions of selected human resources practices have been explored, which might help managers improve employees' performance at work. Human resource scholars would benefit from this study during the course of training by ensuring this knowledge is intensified so as to produce better human resource management at work. Orig Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of succession management practices on NGOs performance in Tanzania. The specific objectives of the study were to: examine the effects of talent management on NGO performance; determine the effects of career management on NGO performance; and evaluate the effects of compensation management on NGO performance. Design/Method/Approach (only for empirical papers): The study used quantitative approach. The targeted population was 124 employees working in both managerial and non-managerial positions. Simple random sampling was used to provide detailed information. Data was collected using questionnaires. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis. Findings: The findings of the study showed that the majority of respondents, with an average mean of 3.7, 3.8, and 3.7, agreed that talent management, career management, and compensation management influence organizational performance in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, respectively. The results indicated that there exists a positive and significant (r = 0.497, p = 0.00) correlation between talent management and employees’ performance. The results further indicated that there exists a positive and significant (r = 0.497, p = 0.00) correlation between career development and employees’ performance. Moreover, the results indicated that there exists a positive and significant (r = 0.497, p = 0.00) correlation between compensation practices and employees’ performance. Theoretical Implications: The study refines the succession management practices literature. The multiple dimensions of selected human resources practices have been explored. Practical Implications: The multiple dimensions of selected human resources practices have been explored, which might help managers improve employees' performance at work. Human resource scholars would benefit from this study during the course of training by ensuring this knowledge is intensified so as to produce better human resource management at work. Originality/Value: As per the existing empirical literature, it is the first study to be conducted in the Tanzanian context. Research Limitations/Future Research: This study concentrated on studying the relationship between selected succession management practices and organizational performance. Therefore, this study laid the foundation for other researchers to focus on other variables that may influence employees' performance. Nevertheless, researchers may also study the same relationship with other institutions. Also, other researchers may wish to expand their knowledge by conducting the same study through the use of different research methodologies, i.e., qualitative methods, in order to confirm whether different methods may produce similar findings or vice versa. Paper type – empirical. inality/Value: As per the existing empirical literature, it is the first study to be conducted in the Tanzanian context. Research Limitations/Future Research: This study concentrated on studying the relationship between selected succession management practices and organizational performance. Therefore, this study laid the foundation for other researchers to focus on other variables that may influence employees' performance. Nevertheless, researchers may also study the same relationship with other institutions. Also, other researchers may wish to expand their knowledge by conducting the same study through the use of different research methodologies, i.e., qualitative methods, in order to confirm whether different methods may produce similar findings or vice versa. Paper type – empirical.

Introduction Intermittent hypoxaemia is closely associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and may be a more accurate indicator of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity than conventional metrics. Another key factor is the lung-to-finger circulation time (LFCt), defined as the duration from the cessation of a respiratory event to the lowest point of oxygen desaturation. LFCt serves as a surrogate marker for circulatory delay and is linked with cardiovascular function. Yet, the specific associations between respiratory and hypoxaemia characteristics and LFCt in patients with OSA remain unclear. This study aims to investigate these associations, ultimately contributing to a more nuanced understanding of OSA severity. Methods The study comprised 878 in-lab polysomnographies of patients with suspected OSA. The conventional OSA metrics were computed along with nine hypoxaemia metrics and then divided into quartiles (Q1–Q4) based on respiratory event duration. In addition, these were further divided into subquartiles based on LFCt. The empirical cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) and linear regression models were used to investigate the association between desaturation metrics and LFCt. Results The results showed that prolonged LFCt was associated with increased hypoxic severity. Based on CDFs, the hypoxic severity significantly increased with longer LFCt despite the duration of respiratory events. Furthermore, fall duration was elevated in patients with longer LFCt (Q1- desaturation fall duration (FallDur): 14.6 s; Q4-FallDur: 29.8 s; p

ABSTRACT Temperate phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer is a potent driver of genetic diversity in the evolution of bacteria. Most lambdoid prophages in Escherichia coli are integrated into the chromosome with the same orientation with respect to the direction of chromosomal replication, and their location on the chromosome is far from homogeneous. To better understand these features, we studied the interplay between lysogenic and lytic states of phage lambda in both native and inverted integration orientations at the wild-type integration site as well as at other sites on the bacterial chromosome. Measurements of free phage released by spontaneous induction showed that the stability of lysogenic states is affected by location and orientation along the chromosome, with stronger effects near the origin of replication. Competition experiments and range expansions between lysogenic strains with opposite orientations and insertion loci indicated that there are no major differences in growth. Moreover, measurements of the level of transcriptional bursts of the cI gene coding for the lambda phage repressor using single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization resulted in similar levels of transcription for both orientations and prophage location. We postulate that the preference for a given orientation and location is a result of a balance between the maintenance of lysogeny and the ability to lyse.IMPORTANCEThe integration of genetic material of temperate bacterial viruses (phages) into the chromosomes of bacteria is a potent evolutionary force, allowing bacteria to acquire in one stroke new traits and restructure the information in their chromosomes. Puzzlingly, this genetic material is preferentially integrated in a particular orientation and at non-random sites on the bacterial chromosome. The work described here reveals that the interplay between the maintenance of the stability of the integrated phage, its ability to excise, and its localization along the chromosome plays a key role in setting chromosomal organization in Escherichia coli.

El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la exposición a ruido ocupacional en una empresa metalmecánica según normatividad legal vigente para disminuir el impacto en la salud de los trabajadores. El diseño de investigación es descriptivo cuantitativo y transversal. En cuanto a la población de estudio está conformada por 8 trabajadores, la selección fue intencional de parte de la empresa a los trabajadores expuestos a niveles de ruido susceptibles de superar el valor límite permisible y la existencia de episodios de ruido significativos durante la jornada de trabajo. Se utilizó el sonómetro convencional marca REED, modelo R8090 previamente calibrado con filtro de ponderación “A” y respuesta lenta (SLOW). Para la selección de la estrategia y medición del nivel de presión sonora en los diferentes puestos de trabajo se toma como directriz la Norma ISO 9612:2010. De acuerdo con los resultados de las mediciones del nivel de presión sonora en la empresa metalmecánica, los trabajadores que laboran en el proceso de desarme de equipos y piezas electrónicas se encuentran expuestos a niveles de ruido que sobrepasan los valores límites permisibles de 85 dBA establecidos en la Resolución 1792 de 1990 del Ministerio del Trabajo, en la cual tiene una alta probabilidad de padecer pérdida auditiva permanente. Se recomienda realizar futura investigación relacionado con la pérdida de la capacidad auditiva en los trabajadores con una exposición crónica a altos niveles de ruido ocupacional en los lugares de trabajo del sector metalmecánico.

Improving the crop yield by conventional breeding methods and selection of genetically modified genotypes are the basic approaches to produce tolerance against salinity stress. In total 20 wheat genotypes and cultivars in non-stress and salinity stress environments were evaluated during the cropping years of 2015-2016 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The amount of dry matter during pollination and maturity stages was higher in non-stress conditions than in salinity stress. The results showed that exposure to salinity stress significantly increased dry matter remobilization and decreased current photosynthesis in wheat. The dry matter remobilization rate and its efficiency in genotypes No. 14, 16, and Arg cultivar and the dry matter remobilization ratio in genotypes No. 9, 5, and 14 were higher than others. Also, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the first principal component (PC1) had a high positive correlation with grain yield under stress conditions (Ys) and MP, STI, GMP, HM, YI, and RSI indices, and the second principal component (PC2) had a high positive correlation with grain yield under non-stress conditions (Yp) and TOL and SSI indices. According to the biplot diagram, genotypes No. 16 and 14 with more value of PC1 and less value of PC2 identified as the most tolerant genotypes to salinity stress.

Abstract The establishment and maintenance of heterochromatin, a specific chromatin structure essential for genomic stability and regulation, rely on intricate interactions between chromatin-modifying enzymes and nucleosomal histone proteins. However, the precise trigger for these modifications remains unclear, thus highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of how methyltransferases facilitate histone methylation among others. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying heterochromatin assembly by studying the interaction between the H3K9 methyltransferase Clr4 and H3K9-methylated nucleosomes. Using a combination of liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cryo-electron microscopy, we elucidate the structural basis of Clr4 binding to H3K9-methylated nucleosomes. Our results reveal that Clr4 engages with nucleosomes through its chromodomain and disordered regions to promote de novo methylation. This study provides crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms governing heterochromatin formation by highlighting the significance of chromatin-modifying enzymes in genome regulation and disease pathology.

Abstract Background Geolocation apps have radically transformed dating practices around the world, with profound sociocultural implications. Few studies, however, have explored their addictive potential or factors that are associated with their misuse. Objective The present study aimed to assess the level of problematic Tinder use (PTU) in an adult sample, using a machine learning algorithm to determine, among 29 relevant variables, the most important predictors of PTU. Methods 1,387 users of Tinder (18–74 years-old; male = 50.3%; female = 49.1%) completed an online questionnaire, and a machine learning tool was used to analyze their responses. Results On 5-point scale, participants’ mean PTU score was 1.91 (SD = 0.70), indicating a relatively low overall level of problematic app use. Among the most important predictors of Problematic use were the use of Tinder for enhancement (reduce boredom and increase positive emotions), coping with psychological problems, and increasing social connectedness. The number of “matches” (when two users show mutual interest), the number of online contacts on Tinder, and the number of resulting offline dates were also among the top predictors of PTU. Depressive mood and loneliness were among the middle-ranked predictors of PTU. Conclusion In accordance with the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model of problematic internet use, the results suggest that PTU relates to how individual experience on the app interacts with dispositional and situational characteristics. However, variables that seemed to relate to PTU, including lack of self-esteem, negative mood states and loneliness, are not problems that online dating services as currently designed can be expected to resolve. This argues for increased digital services to identify and address potential problems helping drive the popularity of dating apps.

A series of homoleptic rare earth (RE) complexes bearing phosphino-aryloxide ligands (1-RE, 2-La) has been prepared. The complexes have been characterised using multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and elemental analysis. Structural characterisation highlighted the different RE–P interactions as a result of differing Lewis acidity and ionic size across the series, hinting at the possibility of FLP-type activity. The potential reactivity of these complexes has been tested by reacting them with small molecules (H2, CO, CO2). A series of side-products (3-RE) has also been observed, isolated and characterised, featuring the incorporation of a phosphonium-aryloxide ligand.

Probing the chemical profiles and biological activities of medicinal plants is important for the discovery of new potent therapeutic products. Our study deciphers the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from three different flowers of Lantana camara and evaluates their antioxidant and anticancer activities. This work represents the first study of EOs obtained from this plant and is based particularly on the difference in flower color. In addition, no other reports dealing specifically with the antitumor effects of such flower-derived EOs have been described in the literature. The collected flowers, white, pink, and orange, were extracted by hydrodistillation to yield EO1, EO2, and EO3 respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy was primarily employed to identify the existing volatile compounds in the samples. Their antioxidant activities were screened through both DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assays and FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) assays. The antiproliferative effects were evaluated on two distinct breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and compared to a normal human breast cell line, MCF-10A, using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium) assay. All EOs showed notable antioxidant potential attributed to the active phytochemical compounds, with results being supported by a positive correlation between such activity and the total phenolic and flavonoid content. The most eminent, EO1, revealed a selective dose-dependent antiproliferative effect in both breast cancer cell lines, thus reflecting its potent role as an anticancer agent. We suggest that this highly selective activity is associated with the presence of bicyclogermacrene and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene in its chemical composition.

IntroductionDespite recent advancements in the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma (UM), the availability of further treatment options remains limited and the prognosis continues to be poor in many cases. In addition to tebentafusp, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB, PD-1 (+/-) CTLA-4 antibodies) is commonly used for metastatic UM, in particular in HLA-A 02:01-negative patients. However, ICB comes at the cost of potentially severe immune-related adverse events (irAE). Thus, the selection of patient groups that are more likely to benefit from ICB is desirable.MethodsIn this analysis, 194 patients with metastatic UM undergoing ICB were included. Patients were recruited from German skin cancer sites and the ADOReg registry. To investigate the association of irAE occurrence with treatment response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) two cohorts were compared: patients without irAE or grade 1/2 irAE (n=137) and patients with grade 3/4 irAE (n=57).ResultsIn the entire population, the median OS was 16.4 months, and the median PFS was 2.8 months. Patients with grade 3/4 irAE showed more favorable survival than patients without or grade 1/2 irAE (p=0.0071). IrAE occurred in 44.7% (87/194), and severe irAE in 29.4% (57/194) of patients. Interestingly, irColitis and irHepatitis were significantly associated with longer OS (p=0.0031 and p=0.011, respectively).ConclusionsThis data may indicate an association between irAE and favorable survival outcomes in patients with metastatic UM undergoing ICB treatment and suggests that a reduced tolerance to tumor antigens could be linked to reduced tolerance to self-antigens.

Background Tumor-associated antigens and their derived peptides constitute an opportunity to design off-the-shelf mainline or adjuvant anti-cancer immunotherapies for a broad array of patients. A performant and rational antigen selection pipeline would lay the foundation for immunotherapy trials with the potential to enhance treatment, tremendously benefiting patients suffering from rare, understudied cancers.Methods We present an experimentally validated, data-driven computational pipeline that selects and ranks antigens in a multipronged approach. In addition to minimizing the risk of immune-related adverse events by selecting antigens based on their expression profile in tumor biopsies and healthy tissues, we incorporated a network analysis-derived antigen indispensability index based on computational modeling results, and candidate immunogenicity predictions from a machine learning ensemble model relying on peptide physicochemical characteristics.Results In a model study of uveal melanoma, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) docking simulations and experimental quantification of the peptide–major histocompatibility complex binding affinities confirmed that our approach discriminates between high-binding and low-binding affinity peptides with a performance similar to that of established methodologies. Blinded validation experiments with autologous T-cells yielded peptide stimulation-induced interferon-γ secretion and cytotoxic activity despite high interdonor variability. Dissecting the score contribution of the tested antigens revealed that peptides with the potential to induce cytotoxicity but unsuitable due to potential tissue damage or instability of expression were properly discarded by the computational pipeline.Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of the de novo computational selection of antigens with the capacity to induce an anti-tumor immune response and a predicted low risk of tissue damage. On translation to the clinic, our pipeline supports fast turn-around validation, for example, for adoptive T-cell transfer preparations, in both generalized and personalized antigen-directed immunotherapy settings.

Los pueblos indígenas de México se encuentran en una constante lucha por la reivindicación de sus derechos –escenario que se repite en el resto de América Latina–, uno de los cuales es el derecho a su derecho propio. Gracias a sus demandas, al derecho internacional y al auge de los derechos humanos ha habido ciertos avances en la materia, aunque no es posible afirmar que actualmente exista una articulación entre derecho estatal y derecho indígena en el Estado mexicano. Partimos del supuesto de que una de las causas que no ha favorecido esta coordinación radica en la forma en que nos aproximamos, entendemos e interpretamos el derecho, pues continuamos partiendo de las teorías clásicas y contemporáneas. Con este escenario como telón de fondo, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar estas posturas y comprobar si, en efecto, dejan fuera al derecho indígena o si posibilitarían su inclusión en un momento dado.

Abstract Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) are a diverse population of myeloid cells that are often abundant and immunosuppressive in human cancers. CXCL9Hi TAM has recently been described to have an antitumor phenotype and is linked to immune checkpoint response. Despite the emerging understanding of the unique antitumor TAM phenotype, there is a lack of TAM‐specific therapeutics to exploit this new biological understanding. Here, the discovery and characterization of multiple small‐molecule enhancers of chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) and their targeted delivery in a TAM‐avid systemic nanoformulation is reported. With this strategy, it is efficient encapsulation and release of multiple drug loads that can efficiently induce CXCL9 expression in macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo in a mouse tumor model. These observations provide a window into the molecular features that define TAM‐specific states, an insight a novel therapeutic anticancer approach is used to discover.

Introduction: The Epstein-Barr virus has been associated with a considerable number of autoimmune diseases. We have previously demonstrated that EBV DNA enhances the production of IL-17A, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, via endosomal Toll-like receptor signalling.Methods: We used RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptional profile of mouse immune cells treated with EBV DNA.Results: We observed that EBV DNA upregulates an IL-17A-centric network of mediators. Ensemble Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (EGSEA) showed enriched expression of sets involved in inflammatory responses including IFNγ and TNF-α-associated pathways as well as proinflammatory diseases. On the other hand, while macrophages and B cells were somewhat able to induce an IL-17A response from T cells to EBV DNA, they were less potent than dendritic cells. EBV virions were also capable of eliciting the production of inflammatory mediators from dendritic cell-T cell cultures largely mirroring responses to the viral DNA.Conclusions: Given the wide prevalence of EBV in the population, our analyses reveal a network of mediators and cell types that may serve as therapeutic targets in a large proportion of people affected by autoimmune diseases.

Currently, there is significant interest in developing algorithms for processing electrodermal activity (EDA) signals recorded during sleep. The interest is driven by the growing popularity and increased accuracy of wearable devices capable of recording EDA signals. If properly processed and analysed, they can be used for various purposes, such as identifying sleep stages and sleep-disordered breathing, while being minimally intrusive. Due to the tedious nature of manually scoring EDA sleep signals, the development of an algorithm to automate scoring is necessary. In this paper, we present a novel scoring algorithm for the detection of EDA events and EDA storms using signal processing techniques. We apply the algorithm to EDA recordings from two different and unrelated studies that have also been manually scored and evaluate its performances in terms of precision, recall, and F1 score. We obtain F1 scores of about 69% for EDA events and of about 56% for EDA storms. In comparison to the literature values for scoring agreement between experts, we observe a strong agreement between automatic and manual scoring of EDA events and a moderate agreement between automatic and manual scoring of EDA storms. EDA events and EDA storms detected with the algorithm can be further processed and used as training variables in machine learning algorithms to classify sleep health.

Background: Oxidative stress may be a causative factor for bisphenol A (BPA) -induced hepatotoxicity. Glutamine (GM) is an amino acid with the ability to inhibit oxidative stress. Objective: This study evaluated the ability of GM to prevent BPA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Adult Wistar rats of both sexes (n=30) were used. The rats were randomly grouped into six of five rats each. Groups A (Control), B, and C were treated with normal saline (0.2 mL), GM (80 mg/kg), and BPA (50 mg/kg), respectively for 60 days. Groups D-F were treated with GM (20 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), GM (40 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), and GM (80 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), respectively for 60 days. After treatment, blood and liver samples were obtained for biochemical and histological assessments, respectively. Results: Significantly (P

Materials engineering based on metal oxides for manipulating the solar spectrum and producing solar energy have been under intense investigation over the last years. In this work, we present NiO thin films double doped with niobium (Nb) and nitrogen (N) as cation and anion dopants (NiO:(Nb,N)) to be used as p-type layers in all oxide transparent solar cells. The films were grown by sputtering a composite Ni-Nb target on room-temperature substrates in plasma containing 50% Ar, 25% O2, and 25% N2gases. The existence of Nb and N dopants in the NiO structure was confirmed by the Energy Dispersive X-Ray and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy techniques. The nominally undoped NiO film, which was deposited by sputtering a Ni target and used as the reference film, was oxygen-rich, single-phase cubic NiO, having a visible transmittance of less than 20%. Upon double doping with Nb and N the visible transmittance of NiO:(Nb,N) film increased to 60%, which was further improved after thermal treatment to around 85%. The respective values of the direct band gap in the undoped and double-doped films were 3.28 eV and 3.73 eV just after deposition, and 3.67 eV and 3.76 eV after thermal treatment. The changes in the properties of the films such as structural disorder, direct and indirect energy band gaps, Urbach tail states, and resistivity were correlated with the incorporation of Nb and N in their structure. The thermally treated NiO:(Nb,N) film was used to form a diode with a spin-coated two-layer, mesoporous on top of a compact, TiO2 film. The NiO:(Nb,N)/TiO2heterojunction exhibited visible transparency of around 80%, showed rectifying characteristics and the diode’s parameters were deduced using the I-V method. The diode revealed photovoltaic behavior upon illumination with UV light exhibiting a short circuit current density of 0.2 mA/cm2 and open-circuit voltage of 500 mV. Improvements of the output characteristics of the NiO:(Nb,N)/TiO2 UV-photovoltaic by proper engineering of the individual layers and device processing procedures are addressed. Transparent NiO:(Nb,N) films can be potential candidates in all-oxide ultraviolet photovoltaics for tandem solar cells, smart windows, and other optoelectronic devices.

Abstract Introduction Acromioclavicular joint dislocations (ACD) are one of the most common shoulder injuries. There is no consensus in how to treat higher graded ACD ≥ Rockwood grade III. This study compares operative versus conservative treatment regarding costs and clinical outcome parameters. Materials and Methods This retrospective, consecutive case-control-study includes 14 patients. Seven operatively treated patients were matched, by Rockwood grade, with seven conservatively treated patients. The cost was extracted out of the clinical- and insurance-based cost sheets and furthermore these include the loss of earnings. Clinical examination, demographic data as well as different outcome-questionnaires were recorded. Results There were no significant differences between operative and conservative treated patients for outcome Questionnaires. Of note, there was a significantly higher incidence of tenderness over the AC-joint (p = 0.0038) postoperatively. As expected, economical evaluation showed various findings in favor of the conservative treatment. The costs for medical services (11012.39vs.1163.81USD; p = 0.0061), days of hospitalization (3.3vs.0days; p III) compared to conservative is economically inefficient. Under consideration of clinical comparable results, indications for operative treatment should be set very carefully.

Background: Libyan wetlands are diverse; the coastline of Libya in particular has different kinds of wetlands such as salt marshes, bays, lakes, lagoons and islands. These varieties in habitats provide good shelters and foraging sites for migratory birds during their journeys between Eurasia and Africa. Since the beginning of the Libyan winter census of waterbirds (Libya IWC) in 2005 which continued regularly until 2012, it had relatively the same performance in the number of covered sites. Since 2013, due to the security situation that Libya has experienced as a result of wars and conflict which negatively affected the quality of the IWC in Libya, the number of sites has dramatically decreased, reaching only 6 sites during the middle of the previous decade. Aim: The IWC 2022 aimed to counting the birds along the Libyan coast from January 10 to 29. Methods: The census activities were conducted from the dawn to dusk along the period of the study, by using high quality Telescopes, binoculars and digital cameras for the documentation. Point transects method was used to cover the sites. Results: The results of this year showed that a total of 64 sites were covered, 68 species of waterbirds were counted, with an abundance of 61,850 individuals. During the census period, a total of 52 non-waterbirds species found in Wetlands were recorded, and the number of individuals was 14,836 birds. A total of 18 threatened species were observed during this survey, 12 of them are mentioned in the IUCN Red-list, and 9 species are mentioned in the RAC/SPA annex II as threatened in the Mediterranean, where the species; Larus audouinii (Payraudeau, 1826), Larus genei (Breme, 1839) and Puffinus yelkouan (Acerbi, 1827) are mentioned in both of them. Conclusion: The lack of the number of Ornithologists and bird watchers is still one of the factors affecting the quality of the IWC in Libya, as well as lack of funding remains an important factor that plays a major role in the success of the waterbirds census. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(4.000): 407-418]

This research examines the asymmetric nexus between external debt and foreign capital flows on economic growth in Nigeria. The paper employed the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) methodology to investigate the asymmetrical effect of external debt on real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in Nigeria. The estimated long-run parameters for positive and negative shocks of external debt are -1.08 and 3.09, respectively. The outcome indicated that a percentage increase in external debt will result in a 1.08 decrease in real GDP growth and that a one percent decrease in external debt will result in a 3.08 increase in economic growth. This illustrates that the receptiveness of real GDP growth to positive values of external debt is different to that of negative values of external debt. The reaction of real GDP growth to negative values of external debt is larger than to positive value of external debt. This suggests that it is imperative for Nigeria to have manageable external debt and fiscal sustainability as this would bolster its real economic growth as well as urge the fiscal authority to make concerted effort towards curbing corruption and reducing inefficiency to the barest minimum, as these will enhance growth.

Objectives To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as concomitant COVID-19 itself on stroke care, focusing on middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarctions.Design Registry-based study.Setting We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, which covers a wide range of hospitals within the USA.Participants The NIS was queried for patients with MCA strokes between 2016 and 2020. In total, 35 231 patients were included.Outcome measures Outcome measures were postprocedural complications, length of stays (LOSs), in-hospital mortality and non-routine discharge. Propensity score matching using all available baseline variables was performed to reduce confounders when comparing patients with and without concomitant COVID-19.Results Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) was performed in 48.4%, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in 38.2%, and both MT and IVT (MT+IVT) in 13.4% of patients. A gradual increase in the use of MT and an opposite decrease in the use of IVT (p

PURPOSEPediatric radiotherapy is a necessary and challenging component of oncologic care for children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Collaboration between institutions in LMICs and high-income countries (HICs) has been shown to be effective in improving oncologic treatment outcomes; however, literature regarding pediatric radiotherapy twinning partnerships is limited.METHODSEmory University has a long-standing twinning collaboration with Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) for certain medical specialties. After securing institutional funding, a faculty member and a resident from the Emory University Department of Radiation Oncology set out to establish a twinning program with TASH for pediatric radiotherapy.RESULTSEmory and TASH faculty and residents established initial communications virtually via email and video correspondence. TASH residents and faculty completed surveys regarding pediatric radiotherapy institutional and educational needs to outline goals of collaboration. Five lectures and case-based practicums were identified focused on Wilms tumor, medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and palliative radiotherapy. The Emory team then conducted a visit to TASH during which lectures and practicums were delivered. The Emory team directly observed and guided simulation and treatment planning procedures. TASH residents practiced decision making, simulation, contouring, and field placement for Wilms tumor cases on the basis of didactics and feedback provided by the Emory team. Additionally, a needs assessment regarding pediatric oncologic resources was completed. Clinical care pathways and standard operating procedures were drafted by collaborators. Virtual peer-review sessions were established to continue collaborations abroad and plan for next in-person visit.CONCLUSIONCollaborative efforts by global experts have helped to establish and improve treatment protocols for childhood cancer. The presented twinning experience may serve as a model for other LMIC and HIC centers for establishing similar partnerships.

We present a long-period radio transient (GLEAM-X J0704−37) discovered to have an optical counterpart, consistent with a cool main-sequence star of spectral type M3. The radio periodicity occurs at the longest period yet found, 2.9 hr, and was discovered in archival low-frequency data from the Murchison Widefield Array. High time resolution observations from MeerKAT show that pulsations from the source display complex microstructure and high linear polarisation, suggesting a pulsar-like emission mechanism occurring due to strong, ordered magnetic fields. The timing residuals, measured over more than a decade, show tentative evidence of a ∼6 yr modulation. The high Galactic latitude of the system and the M-dwarf star excludes a magnetar interpretation, suggesting a more likely M-dwarf/white dwarf binary scenario for this system.

Ischemic bowel disease is considered a high-risk factor for infection from anaerobic bacteria, as the ischemic bowel is the perfect ground for their development. Herein, we present the case of an advance stage colon cancer patient with a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and bacteremia due to Clostridium paraputrificum, a rare anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium. The patient had presented with several episodes of hematochezia in the context of chronic superior mesenteric-portal vein tumor thrombosis and rupture of ectopic varices, and the bacteremia was an unexpected complication of the bowel ischemia due to a combination of arterial ischemia and venous congestion.

The E. stipitata is a native fruit tree from the Amazon, currently in the domestication phase due to its high nutritional and economic potential. In this process, studies aiming at the technical feasibility of propagating materials with desirable agronomic qualities are necessary but still incipient. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate different grafting methods forE. stipitata propagation and the compatibility between scion and rootstock using anatomical analysis as a tool. For the experiment, a randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme over time, with three replications. The plots consisted of three grafting types: cleft grafting, side-veneer grafting, and budding. The subplots were four evaluation times: 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after grafting (DAG). The evaluated variables were the grafting success rate, the number of shoots per graft, shoot length, and shoot diameter. There was a significant interaction between the factors under study. During the experimental period, an increasing grafting success rate and the number of shoots emitted were observed for budding, although with a low success rate. Through cleft grafting, there was a complete loss of shoots at 120 DAG, leading to the subsequent death of all tissues. Budding grafting appears as a promising method for E. stipitata propagation, demonstrating vascular tissue connection feasibility, although this effect did not reflect in the grafting success rate.

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is the demanded material for large-scale graphene applications due to the relative ease of preparing sufficient quantities with the desired properties. Herein, optimized preparation conditions for water-dispersible rGO using the one-step chemical exfoliation method are reported. The rGO samples were obtained from graphite under different controlled reaction conditions, i.e., temperature (120, 140, and 160 °C) and time (16, 20, and 24 hrs). The microstructural, chemical, wetting, and electrical properties of samples were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, current-voltage (I–V) characteristic, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. The Raman parameter (i.e., the ID/IG values) was used to assess the quality of rGO materials. Accordingly, rGO160@20 showed the smallest ID/IG value (0.57) compared to the rest of the samples, followed by rGO160@16 and rGO120@24 with 0.75 and 0.77 values, respectively. The observed broad and diffused peaks centered at 2θ = 25° from XRD are the finger-print characteristics of rGO samples. FT-IR (mainly due to -OH) and lower contact angle values (≤ 33 °C) analysis confirmed the hydrophilic nature of these samples. The samples' non-linear I-V characteristics were attributed to disordered dielectric barriers. The charge transfer resistances (Rct) at the electrode/electrolyte interface were 21.65 for rGO160@20 and 25.65 for rGO160@16 and rGO120@24. EIS analysis also confirmed the rGO samples have supercapacitor behavior. Experimental parameters' synergistic effects influenced sample microstructure. Optimal processing conditions of rGO samples were also achieved for energy storage and applications that need graphene water dispersion.

BackgroundThe overall time refers to the amount of time a patient spends in a health care facility, from the time he or she enters to the time he or she leaves. As a result of the imbalance between supply and demand, waiting times occur. Ethiopian hospitals are being reformed to improve the quality of care they provide. The time a patient spends in the hospital is one of the most important indicators of quality of care, as it provides insight into customer satisfaction and provider success. However, the overall time patients spend in hospitals was not studied.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the overall time spent by clients from entry to exit and associated factors in the outpatient departments of Jimma zone hospitals.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients from outpatient units at Jimma zone public hospitals participated in the study from March 15 to May 17, 2018. Data were collected using a time and motion tool coupled with an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire on 249 samples. Participants in the study were selected using the consecutive sampling method. Overall time, in terms of waiting and service times at each section unit, and the relationship of socio-demographic and clinical factors with overall time was the main outcome variables. Data were analyzed using descriptive and linear regression analysis. Simple linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the dependent and explanatory variables. Variables were considered significantly associated with the overall time if they had a p-value of less than 0.05 at the 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultThe overall response rate was 94.8%. Overall, patients spent a median time of 342.5 minutes. Patients spent 12.7% of the total time as service time and 86% of the time waiting for care. The longest overall times were spent in the laboratory (170 minutes), imaging (95 minutes), other diagnostic units (84 minutes) and examination (83 minutes). The average overall time was increased by 52.03 minutes (95%CI 21.65, 82.412), 4.65 minutes (95%CI 3.983, 5.324), and 96.43 minutes (95%CI 52.076, 140.787) when the patient was referred, the number of patients at the queue was increased by one unit, and patients who had other diagnostic tests performed respectively with P Conclusion and recommendationsThe majority of patients stayed for a longer period. Most time was spent waiting for services, particularly in the examination, laboratory, and imaging units. This is strongly related to high patient load, an absence of some services, being referred patients, and patients who had other diagnostic tests. To reduce the number of patients in the queues, hospitals should work hand in hand with the Ministry of Health to enforce policies that are understood and adopted by all workers in the lower healthcare facilities. And hospital administrators are working to strengthen the triaging system to screen patients with minor illnesses. This is because most patients with minor illnesses queue with those with more complicated illnesses. Finally, we recommend that researchers conduct further research on service quality.

الخلفية: يعتبر مشعر العدلات على اللمفاويات من المشعرات سهل الحصول عليها من تحليل تعداد الدم CBC ويمكن استعماله كمشعر تنبؤي للوفاة لمرضى الإنتان في وحدة العناية المشددة. الهدف: دراسة القيمة الإنذارية للوفاة لمشعر العدلات على اللمفاويات لدى مرضى الإنتان والصدمة الإنتانية في وحدة العنية المشددة. المواد والطرق: أجريت هذه الدراسة الحشدية الاستقبالية على المرضى المقبولين في وحدة العناية المشددة في مشفى تشرين الجامعي في اللاذقية بقصة إنتان شديد وصدمة إنتانية ما بين فترة آب 2022- آب 2023. تم حساب NLR من تعداد الدم الكامل في اليوم الأول وفي اليوم الثالث من الدخول إلى وحدة العناية المشددة وتم المقارنة بين حساسية المشعر بين اليومين وإنذاره بحدوث الوفاة خلال 28 يوماً من القبول في وحدة العناية المشددة. وكذلك تم مقارنة الحساسية والنوعية بين مشعريّ NLR و CRP في اليوم الثالث. النتائج: تم اشتمال ما مجموعه 104 مريضاً بمتوسط عمري 62.11 سنة، ونسبة وجود صدمة إنتانية بلغت 25% من المرضى ونسبة الوفاة بلغت 75% . تم حساب قيمة NLR للمرضى في اليوم الأول وفي اليوم الثالث للقبول وتم تقسيم المرضى ضمن 3 مجموعات الأولى بين 0.1-2.5 والثانية بين 2.6-10 والثالثة >10. من 104 مريضاً (ذكور 40.4%) كانت الوفاة نسبتها 100% بوجود صدمة انتانية و52.7% دون وجود صدمة والبقيا 0% بوجود الصدمة و33.3% دون صدمة. في اليوم الأول لم يتواجد فروقات بين NLR والوفيات بحسب المجموعات المقسمة بينما في اليوم الثالث كانت نسبة الوفيات في المجموعة الثالثة 82.1% والبقيا 7.7% بينما في المجموعة الثانية كانت نسبة الوفاة 17.9% والبقيا 84.6%. في اليوم الثالث كانت نسبة الوفيات لمرضى NLR>9.05 في التحليل متعدد المتغيرات CI 4.8[1.5-11.2] مع P-value 0.0001. الخلاصة: يمكن لمشعر NLR أن يتنبأ بحدوث الوفاة في العناية المشددة لمرضى الإنتان والصدمة الإنتانية.إذا كان NLR>9.05 في اليوم الثالث للقبول فإن خطر الوفاة أعلى وهو ذو حساسية أعلى من اليوم الأول وهو أشد حساسية ونوعية من CRP في اليوم الثالث.

A 73-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a syncopal episode and a history of dizzy spells. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a large left atrial mass extending into the right upper pulmonary veins. Subsequently, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and coronary computed tomography angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction and printing of the heart and mass were performed, which demonstrated a high index of suspicion for an atypical left atrial myxoma. The mass was excised robotically, and the pathology report confirmed a diagnosis of myxoma.

Abstract Background Sunlight contains ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that triggers the production of vitamin D by skin. Vitamin D has widespread effects on brain function in both developing and adult brains. However, many people live at latitudes (about > 40 N or S) that do not receive enough UVB in winter to produce vitamin D. This exploratory study investigated the association between the age of onset of bipolar I disorder and the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production in a large global sample. Methods Data for 6972 patients with bipolar I disorder were obtained at 75 collection sites in 41 countries in both hemispheres. The best model to assess the relation between the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production and age of onset included 1 or more months below the threshold, family history of mood disorders, and birth cohort. All coefficients estimated at P ≤ 0.001. Results The 6972 patients had an onset in 582 locations in 70 countries, with a mean age of onset of 25.6 years. Of the onset locations, 34.0% had at least 1 month below the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production. The age of onset at locations with 1 or more months of less than or equal to the threshold for UVB was 1.66 years younger. Conclusion UVB and vitamin D may have an important influence on the development of bipolar disorder. Study limitations included a lack of data on patient vitamin D levels, lifestyles, or supplement use. More study of the impacts of UVB and vitamin D in bipolar disorder is needed to evaluate this supposition.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a Herpesviridae family member, is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune disease development in the host. We previously demonstrated that EBV DNA elevates levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A and that inhibiting Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, 7, or 9 reduces its levels. Moreover, this DNA exacerbated colitis in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the study at hand, we examined whether inhibition of TLR3, 7, or 9 alleviates this exacerbation. Mice were fed 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) water and administered EBV DNA. Then, they were treated with a TLR3, 7, or 9 inhibitor or left untreated. We also assessed the additive impact of combined inhibition of all three receptors. Mice that received DSS, EBV DNA, and each inhibitor alone, or a combination of inhibitors, showed significant improvement. They also had a decrease in the numbers of the pathogenic colonic IL-17A+IFN-γ+ foci. Inhibition of all three endosomal TLR receptors offered no additive benefit over administering a single inhibitor. Therefore, inhibition of endosomal TLRs reduces EBV DNA exacerbation of mouse colitis, offering a potential approach for managing IBD patients infected with EBV.