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Emotional responses, such as feeling overwhelmed with diabetes-related treatment, burnt-out and anxiety, are known as 'diabetes distress'. This study aimed to determine diabetes distress among children, adolescents and parents/carers managing insulin-requiring diabetes in a regional Australian setting, and to assess association with glycaemia.All children, adolescents and their parents/carers attending a regional hospital outpatient diabetes clinic between March 2018 and June 2019 were invited to complete a validated child, adolescent or parent/carer diabetes distress questionnaire. Demographics and time-matched clinical data were obtained from hospital records. A cross-sectional analysis was performed.A total of 43 young people and 30 parents/carers completed a diabetes distress questionnaire during the study period. Diabetes distress was common, with 63% of young people and 67% of parents/carers nominating at least one serious concern. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, higher glycaemia (HbADiabetes distress was common and associated with sub-optimal glycaemia. Routine screening for diabetes distress should be considered in paediatric services. Development of strategies to minimise diabetes distress for youth and families is required.

A long-standing problem when deriving the physical properties of stellar populations is the degeneracy between age, reddening, and metallicity. When a single metallicity is used for all star clusters in a galaxy, this degeneracy can result in $`$catastrophic$'$ errors for old globular clusters. Typically, approximately 10 - 20 % of all clusters detected in spiral galaxies can have ages that are incorrect by a factor of ten or more. In this paper we present a pilot study for four galaxies (NGC 628, NGC 1433, NGC 1365, and NGC 3351) from the PHANGS-HST survey. We describe methods to correct the age-dating for old globular clusters, by first identifying candidates using their colors, and then reassigning ages and reddening based on a lower metallicity solution. We find that young $`$interlopers$'$ can be identified from their Halpha flux. CO (2-1) intensity or the presence of dust can also be used, but our tests show that they do not work as well. Improvements in the success fraction are possible at the $\sim$ 15 % level (reducing the fraction of catastrophic age-estimates from between 13 - 21 % to 3 - 8 %). A large fraction of the incorrectly age-dated globular clusters are systematically given ages around 100 Myr, polluting the younger populations as well. Incorrectly age-dated globular clusters significantly impact the observed cluster age distribution in NGC 628, which affects the physical interpretation of cluster disruption in this galaxy. For NGC 1365, we also demonstrate how to fix a second major age-dating problem, where very dusty young clusters with E(B-V) $>$ 1.5 mag are assigned old, globular-cluster like ages. Finally, we note the discovery of a dense population of $\sim$ 300 Myr clusters around the central region of NGC 1365. and discuss how this results naturally from the dynamics in a barred galaxy., 27 pages, 17 figures (NOTE: 1, 5, 9, 12, 14 are lower resolution than in the journal)

Background Demand for stroke rehabilitation is expected to grow dramatically; with the estimated prevalence of stroke survivors rising to 70 million worldwide by 2030. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) report - Rehabilitation 2030: A call for action – has introduced the objective of ‘upscaling’ rehabilitation globally to meet demand. This research explored what upscaling stroke rehabilitation might mean for health professionals from countries at different stages of economic development. Methods Qualitative descriptive study design using semi-structured interviews was employed. Purposively sampled, clinical leaders in stroke rehabilitation were recruited for interviews from low through to high-income countries. Results Twelve rehabilitation professionals (medicine, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech and language therapy) from high (United States of America, Germany, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, New Zealand), upper-middle (Colombia and Turkey), lower-middle (Vietnam, Pakistan, Ghana), and low-income countries (Nepal and Sierra Leone) were interviewed. Upscaling was seen as a necessity. Successful scaling up will require initiatives addressing: political governance and managerial leadership, increasing knowledge and awareness of the value of rehabilitation, financial support, workforce developments, physical space and infrastructure, and the development of community services and reintegration. Conclusion Although there have been many gains within the development of stroke rehabilitation internationally, further investment is required to ensure that this patient population group continues to receive the best quality services. For the WHO to be successful in implementing their objective to upscale rehabilitation, specific attention will need to be paid to political, professional, economic, and sociocultural issues at global and local levels.

In this paper we examine the factors that shape the distribution of molecular gas surface densities on the 150 pc scale across 67 morphologically diverse star-forming galaxies in the PHANGS-ALMA CO (2-1) survey. Dividing each galaxy into radial bins, we measure molecular gas surface density contrasts, defined here as the ratio between a fixed high percentile of the CO distribution and a fixed reference level in each bin. This reference level captures the level of the faint CO floor that extends between bright filamentary features, while the intensity level of the higher percentile probes the structures visually associated with bright, dense ISM features like spiral arms, bars, and filaments. We compare these contrasts to matched percentile-based measurements of the 3.6 $\mu$m emission measured using Spitzer/IRAC imaging, which trace the underlying stellar mass density. We find that the logarithms of CO contrasts on 150 pc scales are 3-4 times larger than, and positively correlated with, the logarithms of 3.6 $\mu$m contrasts probing smooth non-axisymmetric stellar bar and spiral structures. The correlation appears steeper than linear, consistent with the compression of gas as it flows supersonically in response to large-scale stellar structures, even in the presence of weak or flocculent spiral arms. Stellar dynamical features appear to play an important role in setting the cloud-scale gas density in our galaxies, with gas self-gravity perhaps playing a weaker role in setting the 150 pc-scale distribution of gas densities., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 16 pages, 7 figures

We present the CO isotopologue Line Atlas within the Whirpool galaxy Survey (CLAWS) based on an IRAM 30-m large programme which provides a benchmark study of numerous, faint CO isotopologues in the mm-wavelength regime across the full disc of M51 (NGC 5194). The survey's core goal is to use the low-J CO isotopologue lines to constrain CO excitation and chemistry, and therefrom the local physical conditions of the gas. In this survey paper, we describe the CLAWS observing and data reduction strategies. We map the J=1-0 and 2-1 transitions of the CO isotopologues $^{12}$CO,$^{13}$CO, C$^{18}$O and C$^{17}$O, as well as several supplementary lines within the 1 mm and 3 mm window (CN(1-0), CS(2-1), CH$_3$OH(2-1), N$_2$H$^+$(1-0), HC$_3$N(10-9)) at ~1 kpc resolution. A total observation time of 149 h offers unprecedented sensitivity. We use these data to explore several CO isotopologue line ratios in detail, study their radial (and azimuthal) trends and investigate whether changes in line ratios stem from changes in ISM properties such as gas temperatures, densities or chemical abundances. For example, we find negative radial trends for the $^{13}$CO}/$^{12}$CO, C$^{18}$O/$^{12}$CO and C$^{18}$O/$^{13}$CO line ratios in their J=1-0 transitions. We also find variations with local environment, such as higher $^{12}$CO(2-1)/(1-0) or $^{13}$CO/$^{12}$CO(1-0) line ratios in interarm regions compared to spiral arm regions. We propose that these aforementioned variations of CO line ratios are most likely due to a variation of the optical depth, while abundance variations due to selective nucleosynthesis on a galaxy-wide scale could also play a role. We also study the CO spectral line energy distribution (SLED) using archival JCMT $^{12}$CO(3-2) data and find a variation of the SLED shape with local environmental parameters further underlying changes in optical depth, gas temperatures or densities., 29 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

The novels by Yasmine Gooneratne, A Change of Skies (1991), and Chandani Lokuge, If the Moon Smiled (2000) and Softly as I Leave You (2011), show the challenge of diaspora as sliding from parents to children. These fictions portray second-generation immigrants as “caught between two cultures”: the Sri Lankan culture of their parents and the Australian culture with which they engage at school and university. In Gooneratne’s comedy this cultural negotiation creates comic ambivalence in the second-generation character Veena, who is set to repeat the actions of her forebears. Gooneratne’s playful outcome contrasts with Lokuge’s tragic vision in her novels If the Moon Smiled and Softly as I Leave You, which position the “model minority” stereotype and racism in Australia, respectively, as significant challenges for second-generation characters. This article aims to counterbalance the dominant critical focus on first-generation diaspora in fiction. It examines relationships between parent and child char...

Michelle De Kretser was born in Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) and moved to Australia in 1972. From 1989 to 1992 she was a founding editor of the Australian Women’s Book Review. She is the author of sever...

Students with disabilities who come from diverse families face challenges and potential educational disparities beyond their special educational needs. Recommendations for engaging English language learning (EL) families include providing adequate training and professional development for educators and collaborating with all stakeholders and families. In this chapter, we describe how several organizations, including parent advocacy centers, school districts, and an interpreter stakeholder group, are partnering in Minnesota to improve communication and engagement with immigrant and refugee families of children with disabilities, such as providing training and developing resources to foster effective communication between schools and EL families of students with disabilities. Eighty-eight percent of the interpreters strongly agreed that they gained knowledge from the training. The impact of this partnership also led to changes in an educational Code of Ethics which defines professional practices when working with EL families and their children with disabilities.

Colour fades and colour balances shift. A comparative analysis of the colour red which operates across a series of releases of what is ostensibly the same film, but on different formats (35mm print, videotape, DVD) addresses the extent to which the film materials – by deterioration or design - can affect the formation of meaning at the level of the text. This study of Don't Look Now (Nicolas Roeg, 1973) explores the significance of such variations for a diegetic and extra-diegetic discourse on colour, memory and loss. This work theorises the deterioration and restoration of film materials and archive as they affect the resolution of images and sounds on which textual analyses are based.

A definitive biography of the man who coined the expression "conspicuous consumption". Based on newly released archival sources, this book sets the facts straight on more than 60 years of myths and misinformation concerning the highly regarded economist and sociologist.

Watkins’ Problematic Identities examines nine novels by women writers of the Sri Lankan diaspora. Her study reveals identity in this fiction as notably gendered and expressed through resonant images of mourning, melancholia, and other forms of psychic disturbance.

The ability of hepatobiliary scanning (99mTc HID A) to distinguish gallstone (GS) from non-gallstone (NGS) pancreatitis was investigated in 29 patients. 4 patients had repeat scans during a

Human milk is the best food for the normal infant. The technique of breast feeding provides advantages for the infant and the mother. Nutrition education about infant feeding is needed to increase the incidence and duration of breast feeding. Primigravida and postpartum mothers were studied to identify the effect of intervention with nutrition education about infant feeding by a dietitian in prenatal classes with primigravida. Two groups, 135 primigravida and 101 postpartum mothers, completed separate questionnaires. The effectiveness of information about infant feeding was determined by the source of information, the content of information received, the decision about a method of infant feeding and the duration of breast feeding, if chosen. The source of information about infant feeding was significantly different (p < 0.001) between the two groups. Primigravidas, who participated in nutrition classes, listed dietitian to a greater extent as the source of information than did the postpartum mothers (10.4 percent difference). Both groups listed doctor and books as sources of information. The content of information was significantly different (p