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Current research supports the lasting effects of parenting styles on children and adolescents’ self-esteem, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Few studies have examined parenting style, self-esteem, and psychological problems together while considering gender. The current study explored the indirect effect of parenting style though self-esteem on emerging adult psychological problems as moderated by gender among 381 emerging adults. The most notable finding suggested that maternal authoritative parenting was related to higher levels of female self-esteem, which in turn related to lower levels of female psychological problems. Results indicated a relationship between higher levels of self-esteem and lower psychological problems. Findings from the current study contribute to research emphasizing the long-lasting effects of parenting style on emerging adult self-esteem and mental health, particularly among females.

Current research supports a relationship between parenting style and children's mental health, yet this has been understudied in emerging adults. Moreover, even less research has included the role of parent-child relationship quality on these existing relationships, which has been demonstrated to be an important moderator. Thus, the current study examined the moderating effect of parent-child relationship quality on parenting style and emerging adult internalizing and externalizing problems. It was expected that higher parent-child relationship quality would buffer against negative effects of less adaptive parenting styles on emerging adult psychological problems. Participants included 2732 emerging adults attending college who reported on their own psychological problems, perceived parenting style, and parent-child relationship quality for both mothers and fathers. Results indicated that the lowest rates of emerging adult internalizing and externalizing problems were associated with higher parent-child relationship quality in same-sex parent-child dyads within the context of authoritative parenting. Higher quality father-daughter relationship was protective against the negative effects of permissive parenting style as evidenced by lower reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results emphasize the continuing influence of parenting style and parent-child relationship quality on emerging adult mental health, particularly for daughters.

Research has shown a link between parental and offspring internalizing problems and that parental warmth and overprotection affect these relationships. However, less research has examined how parental warmth and overprotection affect the link between parental internalizing problems and irritability in adolescents. Thus, the current study investigated the moderating effect of parental warmth and overprotection on the relationship between parental internalizing problems and adolescent irritability in the context of parent and child gender. Participants were parents of adolescents aged 10–24 years and completed surveys online about themselves, the adolescent, and the adolescent’s other primary caregiver. Questionnaires assessed parental warmth and overprotection, parental internalizing problems, and adolescent irritability. Results indicated a moderating effect of parental warmth (b = −0.08, p

Research shows promise for cognitive interventions for children diagnosed with brain tumors. Interventions have been delivered approximately 5 years postdiagnosis on average, yet recent evidence shows cognitive deficits may appear near diagnosis. The present study assessed the feasibility and initial effects of working memory training in children with brain tumors delivered soon after diagnosis and followed 2 years postdiagnosis. Children completed baseline assessments 10 months postdiagnosis and were randomized to complete adaptive or nonadaptive (i.e., control) Cogmed Working Memory Training. Children were administered the WISC-IV Working Memory Index (WMI) and NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NTCB), and parents completed attentional and executive function measures at four time points. On average, participants completed half of prescribed Cogmed sessions. Retention for the three follow-up assessments proved difficult. For both Cogmed groups, WMI and NTCB scores significantly improved immediately postintervention compared to baseline scores. Significant differences were not maintained at the remaining follow-ups. There was preliminary evidence for improved executive function at the final follow-up on parent-reported measures. Working memory training closer to diagnosis proved difficult, though results suggest evidence of cognitive improvement. Future studies should continue to examine potentially efficacious interventions for children with brain tumors and optimal delivery windows to maximize impact.

Little research has explored the implications of stress inside and outside of the family as a risk factor for psychological symptoms in adolescents of depressed mothers. In a sample of 115 adolescents and their mothers with and without depression histories, adolescents' family and peer stress exposure was measured through the Responses to Stress Questionnaire, and adolescents' anxious/depressed symptoms were measured with the Youth Self Report and Child Behavior Checklist. Mothers reported their current depression symptoms on the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Results suggest that adolescents of mothers with depression histories and current depression symptoms experience more family and peer stress than adolescents of nondepressed mothers. In multiple linear regression analyses, current maternal depression symptoms moderated the relation between adolescent peer stress and adolescent anxious/depressed symptoms, such that peer stress was associated with anxious/depressed symptoms when maternal depression symptoms were average or high, but not when maternal depression symptoms were low.

Current research supports clear relationships between parental psychopathology, parental maltreatment, and emerging adult child psychopathology. Less research has examined how the role of the parent-child relationship influences these existing associations. The current study tested two models that examined the moderating effect of parent-child relationship quality on parental psychopathology and emerging adult mental health as well as the effect on parental maltreatment and emerging adult mental health. It was expected that high parent-child relationship quality would buffer against the negative effects of parental psychopathology and maltreatment while enhancing the effects of functional parenting characteristics. Participants included 1,452 emerging adults, predominantly Caucasian (73.3%) college students who completed surveys on their mental health, recent experienced maltreatment, and their parents' mental health problems. Results suggested lowest rates of mental health problems for emerging adults were associated with higher parent-child relationship quality and lower parental psychological problems, whereas negative outcomes were associated with higher parental psychopathology, regardless of parent-child relationship quality. Additionally, physical maltreatment was associated with lower rates of mental health concerns in the context of higher mother-daughter relationship quality. Results emphasize the continuing impact of the parent-child relationship, particularly the mother-daughter relationship, on emerging adults' mental health. Moreover, the current study demonstrates the continuing influence of parents on their emerging adult children.Las investigaciones actuales respaldan las relaciones claras entre la psicopatología parental, el maltrato parental y la psicopatología del niño adulto emergente. Pocas investigaciones han analizado cómo el rol de la relación entre padres e hijos influye en estas asociaciones existentes. El presente estudio evaluó dos modelos que analizaron el efecto moderador de la calidad de la relación entre padres e hijos en la psicopatología parental y la salud mental del adulto emergente, así como el efecto en el maltrato parental y la salud mental del adulto emergente. Se esperaba que una alta calidad de la relación entre padres e hijos amortiguara los efectos negativos del maltrato y la psicopatología parental y a su vez mejorara los efectos de las características funcionales de crianza. Los participantes fueron 1452 estudiantes universitarios adultos emergentes predominantemente caucásicos (73,3%) que contestaron encuestas sobre su salud mental, el maltrato sufrido recientemente y los problemas de salud mental de sus padres. Los resultados sugirieron que los índices más bajos de problemas de salud mental en los adultos emergentes estuvieron asociados con una mejor calidad de la relación entre padres e hijos y menos problemas psicológicos de los padres, mientras que los resultados negativos estuvieron asociados con una psicopatología parental más alta, independientemente de la calidad de la relación entre padres e hijos. Además, el maltrato físico estuvo asociado con índices más bajos de preocupaciones sobre la salud mental en el contexto de una mejor calidad de la relación entre madre e hija. Los resultados destacan el efecto permanente de la relación entre padres e hijos, particularmente de la relación entre madre e hija, en la salud mental de los adultos emergentes. Además, el presente estudio demuestra la influencia continua de los padres en sus hijos adultos emergentes.当前研究支持家长精神病,家长虐待以及刚成年子女精神病之间的明确关系。较少有研究考察家长-孩子关系角色如何影响现有关联。该研究测试了两个模型来考察家长-孩子关系质量对于家长精神病和刚成年人心理健康的调节效果以及对于家长虐待和刚成年人心理健康的影响。预期高家长-孩子关系质量会缓和家长精神病和虐待的负面影响,同时提升功能亲职特点效果。参与者包括1452名刚成年人,以白人(73.3%)大学生为主。这些参与者完成了关于其精神健康,最近经历的虐待,以及其家长精神健康问题的问卷调查。结果显示刚成年人中最低的精神健康问题发病率和较高的家长-孩子关系质量以及较低的家长心理问题相关,而负面结果和较高的家长精神病概率相关,并和家长-孩子关系质量无关。此外,身体虐待和较高母女关系质量背景下较低的精神健康关注相关。结果强调了家长-孩子关系,特别是母女关系,对刚成年人精神健康的持续影响。此外,该研究表明家长对于其刚成年子女的持续影响。.

Introduction Parental socialization of coping strategies is associated with various emotion regulation difficulties and continues to impact individuals during emerging adulthood. As emerging adults’ transition into adulthood, they experience social stressors that put their emotion regulation skills to the test. Methods The current study examined the associations of the parental socialization of coping strategies and emotion regulation difficulties with emerging adult positive and negative affect in response to social exclusion. Emerging adults (N = 402, 206 males and 196 females) from a large Southern university in the United States were recruited for the study. Participants completed survey measures of parental socialization of coping, positive and negative affect, and emotion regulation difficulties before engaging in a social exclusion task called Cyberball. After the task, participants completed a measure of positive and negative affect again. Results Primary parental socialization of coping was associated with emotion regulation difficulties, both of which were associated with affect after the exclusion task, thus supporting the indirect effect of parental coping socialization on affect through a preexisting variable (i.e., emotion regulation) and a causal manipulation (i.e., exclusion task). Conclusions The impact of parental suggestions of coping strategies and emotion regulation difficulties during emerging adulthood indicate that parents continue to be an important point of intervention as individuals’ transition to adulthood.