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The knowledge of bioacoustics of the Neotropical crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidea) is incipient, despite the great species diversity in the region. There are few cricket song-files deposited in the major World Sound Libraries, compared to other groups such as birds and amphibians. In order to contribute to the knowledge of the bioacoustics of Brazilian crickets, we organize, analyze and make available at Fonoteca Neotropical Jacques Vielliard (FNJV) and Orthoptera Species File (OSF) our bank of cricket songs. We deposited 876 cricket’s song files in the FNJV, belonging to 31 species and 47 sonotypes. The songs were field/lab recorded, and all individuals were collected to improve species/sonotypes taxonomic determination accuracy. We present photos (in vivo) of most recorded crickets, as well as calling song spectrograms to facilitate the species/sonotype recognition. Samples of the songs can be found online on the FNJV website, using the codes available in this work, as well as on the OSF, linked to the species name. As a result, we advance the knowledge of the songs of crickets and the current perspective of the Brazilian cricket bioacoustics. We encourage researchers to share with the public their collections of their cricket file songs both in the FNJV and the OSF.

Crickets stand out for the production of acoustic signals used in intraspecific communication, which is present in the reproductive and agonistic behaviour of species. The most common repertoire in...

Hydropower constructions cause severe disturbances to biodiversity. Arboreal plants die after flooding; however, they expose their emerged branches (also called paliteiros) as a new habitat for animals and plants. Nothing is known about how paliteiros influence the presence of aquatic birds. This study verified which species of birds use the paliteiros, what are their behaviors and probably consequences to ecological processes. In November 2018, we sampled 5 km of paliteiros recording perched birds and their behaviors in the Três Marias dam, a 1040 km2 flooded area in southeastern Brazil. In total, 5.4% of paliteiros were used by 14 bird species. The Neotropic Cormorant Nannopterum brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789) was the most frequent species. Birds mainly preened feathers; they also rested (with no apparent activity), defecated, hunted, fed, vocalized and drank water. Attention must be focused to some behaviors such as resting and defecation, which may influence long-term ecological processes (e.g., incorporating additional organic matter and changing aquatic community) in the dam. Resumo: Construções de hidrelétricas causam severos distúrbios à biodiversidade. Após a inundação de grandes áreas as plantas arbóreas morrem, apesar disso, elas deixam expostos seus galhos emersos (também chamados de paliteiros) criando um novo hábitat para animais e plantas. Nada se sabe sobre como os paliteiros influenciam a presença de aves aquáticas. Este estudo verificou quais espécies de aves utilizam os paliteiros, quais comportamentos elas exibem e suas prováveis consequências para processos ecológicos. Em novembro de 2018 foram amostrados 5 km de paliteiros, as aves empoleiradas nestas estruturas e seus comportamentos na represa de Três Marias, uma área inundada de 1040 km2 no sudeste do Brasil. Ao total, 5.4% das árvores mortas foram utilizadas por 14 espécies de aves. O biguá Nannopterum brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789) foi a espécie mais frequente nos paliteiros. As aves frequentemente limparam as penas, descansaram (sem nenhuma atividade aparente), defecaram, caçaram, se alimentaram, vocalizaram e beberam água. Mais atenção deve ser focada em alguns comportamentos das aves tais como o descanso seguido de defecação que podem influenciar processos ecológicos a longo prazo (p. ex., a incorporação de matéria orgânica e mudança de comunidade aquática) na represa.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Sinais acústicos são empregados por diversos táxons animais na troca de informações. Atualmente esse canal de comunicação é influenciado pela poluição sonora, sendo o tráfego de veículos uma de suas principais fontes. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar se a poluição sonora causada pelo tráfego afeta a comunicação e a diversidade local de aves. Gravações acústicas foram realizadas em duas reservas no município de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil. As gravações foram feitas em diferentes distâncias em relação à rodovia MGC-455, sendo utilizado o índice de complexidade acústica (ACI) para analisar a atividade vocal das aves. Foram identificadas 34 espécies através de suas vocalizações. A composição dessas espécies variou significativamente de acordo com os ambientes estudados. O ACI apresentou maior complexidade próximo à rodovia, indicando que próximo à fonte de poluição sonora esse grupo repete os sinais acústicos, aumentando a probabilidade de serem escutados por coespecíficos. Nystalus maculatus não foi registrado próximo à rodovia, indicando que esta espécie evita lugares onde o ruído é intenso. As comunidades de aves estudadas disputam diretamente o espaço acústico com o ruído causado pelo tráfego. Logo, algumas espécies apresentam adaptações comportamentais para que seus sinais sejam recebidos por outros indivíduos da comunidade. Acoustic signals are employed by various animal taxa in the exchange of information. Currently this communication channel suffers from noise pollution, with vehicle traffic being one of its main sources. This study aimed to verify if traffic noise pollution affects the communication and local diversity of birds. Automated digital recordings were conducted in two ecological reserves in the municipality of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Recordings were made at different distances from the MGC-455 highway. The Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI) was used to analyze the vocal activity of birds. Thirty-four species were identified through acoustic signals. Their composition varied according to the studied environments. The ACI presented higher values near the highway, indicating that near the source of noise pollution local birds increased the rate of vocalization, employing the redundancy principle, thereby increasing the probability of being heard by conspecifics. Nystalus maculatus has not been recorded near the highway, indicating that this species avoids places with intense noise pollution. Bird communities studied compete directly for acoustic space with traffic noise. Thus, some species exhibit behavioral adaptations so that their signals are received by other individuals in the community. Dissertação (Mestrado)

Cricket mating behavior reflects different strategies developed by sexual selection throughout evolutionary time. To our knowledge, only one species of the Neotropical cricket Trigonidiinae had its mating behavior studied so far. Here we expand this knowledge by describing the mating behavior of Cranistus colliurides Stål, 1861, a cricket commonly found in bushes and grasses along open fields or the forest edge. Adult crickets were collected in the municipality of Capão do Leão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Trials were carried out in laboratory to characterize the mating sequence. We quantified elapsed time of each behavioral sequence and discussed its implications in the observed mating behavior. The males of C. colliurides attracted females by means of a continuous trill, and receptive female triggers the beginning of the courtship through antennation. During courtship, copulation and post-copulatory actions, males showed a complex communication system based on information send to female by substrate vibration and an elaborated repertoire composed by calling, courtship and post-copulatory song. The mating behavior here described reveals divergence between related species hitherto studied which give us clues to understand how the sexual selection shaped the complex behaviors exhibited by Trigonidiinae crickets presently.

The Speckled Rail (Coturnicops notatus) is one of the least known Neotropical birds. Despite the ongoing debate if its rarity is genuine or related to detection problems, its conservation status has been recurrently assessed as “least-concern.” Absence of voice recordings and thorough voice descriptions are the major limitations in determining its distribution and population size, which may bias the assessment of its conservation status. We present the first voice analyses of this species and two new records for southeastern South America based on individuals received by a wildlife rehabilitation center in southern Brazil. The first individual was found aboard a ship traveling from Uruguay to the Brazilian port of Rio Grande in October 2007, and the second was found in the Brazilian city of Pelotas in August 2015. At least three different types of voices of the latter individual were recorded and analyzed, all of which differ in pitch, timbre, and structure from the voices of other South American...

Endecous (Endecous) naipi Souza-Dias n. sp. Figures 2 (B, D), 4, 5. Type locality. Brazil, Paran�� State, Parque Nacional do Igua��u (Igua��u National Park). Type material. Holotype, male 1 male paratype. Holotype: BR [Brazil], Paran��, Foz do Igua��u. Parque das Aves. 03.xii.2010. Dias, P.G.B.S. col. (MZSP). Paratype: BR [Brazil], Paran��, C��u Azul. Parque Nacional do Igua��u. 10.x.2012. Dias, P.G.B.S. col. (PSD36) (MZSP). Etymology. The name naipi is given in allusion to the myth of the creation of the Igua��u Falls, as told by the naipi people. According to the myth, Taroba was a warrior that fell in love with Naipi, daughter of the tribal chief. However, Naipi was promised to the snake-god M���Boy. During a ceremony, the couple ran away using a small boat through the Igua��u river, and was persecuted by M���Boy. The furious god dug the river, creating the waterfalls, in which the couple fell out. Then, M���Boy turned Taroba in a palm tree and Naipi in a stone, at the Igua��u Falls. Diagnosis. Within the genus, E. naipi n. sp. can be recognized by the following characters: males FWs square, reaching the 4th abdominal tergite; mirror sub-triangular, with four cells; harp with four well-visible veins; lateral field with transversal veins. Phallic complex elongated; pseudepiphallic arms lateral, straight, apex upcurved, without membranous sphere; sclerite A ventral, reaching PsP1, not fused with pseudepiphallic arms; dorsal ectophallic projections (D.Ec.P.) weak, thin, barely visible; endophallic sclerite proximal, sub-triangular, without endophallic apodeme. Description. General body coloration yellowish to medium brown, almost uniform (Fig. 4 A). Head. Dorsum with soft pubescence, yellowish brown, with two lines thin, medium brown toward the vertex. Vertex and fastigium medium brown. Fastigium little wider than long, narrower than scape, slightly narrower toward the apex, with a double row of small bristles, and without the spot observed in E. chape sp. n. Ocelli absent. Eyes obovate, prominent. Antennal scape light to medium brown. Antenna not annulated; antenomeres medium brown (Figs 4 A, B). Frons light brown, almost uniform, maculae inconspicuous. Gena light brown (Fig. 4 B). Clypeus, labrum and mandibles light brown. Maxillary palpi elongated, thin; joints 1���2 whitish, joints 3���5 elongate, medium brown; joint 5 the longest, apical third of joint 5 curved, apex rounded, whitish (Figs 4 A, B). Thorax. Pronotum DD wider than long, slightly pubescent, general coloration medium brown (Figs 4 A���C); anterior portion with two spots yellowish brown with reticulated lines medium brown (Figs 4 B, C); two blotches large, yellowish brown, on median portion, divided by stripe medium brown, which is divided by a line yellowish brown that goes from the anterior to posterior portion of DD (Figs 4 B, C); posterior part with two spots yellowish brown (Fig 4 C); DD cephalic and caudal margins sub-straight (Figs 4 B, C); LL light brown; ventro-cephalic angle slightly salient, rounded, ventro-caudal angle almost straight, ventral margin gradually ascendant (Figs 4 A, B). Legs. Legs I and II yellowish to medium brown, not annulated (Fig. 4 A). Auditory tympanum present on both sides of TI; internal tympanum oval, small, barely visible; external rounded. TI with two same-sized ventral apical spurs; TII with two same-sized ventral apical spurs, and one dorsal, internal. FIII light to medium brown, with diagonal medium brown stripes, distal half medium brown (Figs 4 A, B). TIII medium brown; subapical spurs 4/4, the first smaller and associated to the apical; serrulation between and above subapical spurs 1 and 2; apical spurs 3/3, more developed on inner face; dorsal apical spurs the largest on both faces (Fig. 4 G). Basitarsus I, II and III medium brown; basitarsus III with double row of spines (Fig. 4 G). Abdomen. Medium to yellowish brown, pubescent (Fig. 4 A). Supra anal plate medium brown, with spots yellowish brown and macula central, yellowish brown (Figs. 4 D, E); anterior margin concave, posterior margin rounded, without distal projections (Figs. 4 D, E). Subgenital plate wider than long; anterior margin sub-straight, posterior margin broad, rounded, without distal projections (Fig. 4 F). Cerci long, light to medium brown (Fig. 4 A). Male. FWs membranous, square, reaching the 4th abdominal tergite (Figs 4 A���C); right FW hard, medium brown (Figs 2 B, 4A���C); left FW membranous, transparent; stridulatory vein present, with ca. 83 - 87 teeth (n=02) (Figs. 2 B, 4A, C); mirror sub-triangular, with four cells (Figs 2 B, C, 4C); harp with four veins (Figs 2 B, C, 4C); lateral field with transversal veins (Figs 2 B, D). Male genitalia. Phallic complex elongated (Figs 5 A, C, D). Pseudepiphallus: median part of the pseudepiphallic sclerite fused; pseudepiphallic arms lateral, straight, apex upcurved, without membranous sphere (Figs 5 A, B); sclerite A ventral, reaching PsP1, not fused with pseudepiphallic arms (Figs 5 C���E). PsP1 and PsP2 connected, not forming a circular structure (Fig. 5 C); PsP2 curved inwards (Figs 5 A, B). Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic apodeme short, but longer than in E. chape n. sp., robust (Fig. 5 A); ectophallic arc below the median part of the pseudepiphallic sclerite (Fig. 5 A); dorsal ectophallic projections weak, thin, barely visible (Figs 5 A, D); ventral ectophallic projections long, apex straight, rounded (Figs 5 D, E); ectophallic fold membranous. Endophallus: endophallic sclerite proximal, sub-triangular (Figs 5 A, D), without endophallic apodeme. Female. Unknown. Measurements (mm). Males (n=2): HW���3.6; IOD���1.9; PL���3.1 (3.2���3); AWP���3.65 (3.6���3.7); PWP��� 5.05 (5���5.1); PW���5.25 (5.1���5.4); FWL���8.8 (8.6���9); FWW���6.55 (6.4���6.7); LFIII���13.8 (13.6���14); WFIII���4 (3.9���4.1); LTIII���14.5 (14���14.1); LBt���III���4.9 (4.8���5). Calling song of Endecous chape n. sp. (Fig. 6, Tab. 1). Phrase duration 2.02��0.34 (1.40���2.85, n=29); number of subphrases per phrase 11.10��1.90 (5���14, n=29); number of pulses per subphrase 4.63��1.61 (1���12, n=324); subphrase period 0.19��0.05 (0.11���0.41, n=295); subphrase duration 0.09��0.04 (0.01���0.5, n=322); subphrase interval 0.10��0.04 (0.05���0.26, n=295); dominant frequency 4.22��0.57 (3.47���5.42, n=321); phrase amplitude may gradually increase or remain constant (Figs 6 B���D). Note: Males emit phrases sporadically along the night. Therefore, we registered two individuals (specimen EFM 02 and EFM 04, Tab. 01) along one uninterrupted hour in laboratory condition at 27o C, and they produced interval between phrases of 320.2s ��230.03 (91���806, n=10) and 263.84s ��193.64 (2.7���671, n=14), respectively. Chromosomes of Endecous chape n. sp. This species is 2n=19, X0 ♂, XX ♀, with three pairs of metacentrics (pair 1, centromeric index (ci) = 44.8; pair 4, ci = 42.9; pair 5, ci = 46.2), four pairs of submetacentrics (pair 2, ci = 31.6; pair 3, ci = 28.6; pair 6, ci = 30.8; pair 9, ci = 33.3), two pairs of acrocentrics (pair 7, ci = 9.1; pair 8, ci = 9,1); the X chromosome is metacentric, ci = 41.6 (Fig. 7)., Published as part of Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Szinwelski, Neucir, Fianco, Marcos, Oliveira, Elliott Centeno De, De Mello, Francisco De A. G. & Zefa, Edison, 2017, New species of Endecous (Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae, Luzarinae) from the Igua��u National Park (Brazil), including bioacoustics, cytogenetic and distribution data, pp. 454-470 in Zootaxa 4237 (3) on pages 461-465, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/344736

Endecous (Endecous) chape Souza-Dias & de Mello n. sp. Figures 1, 2 (A, C), 3. Type locality. Brazil, Paran�� State, Parque Nacional do Igua��u (Igua��u National Park). Type material. Holotype male, 7 male paratypes, 10 female paratypes. Holotype: Brasil, Parque Nacional do Igua��u. Trilha do Po��o Preto. 20-30.i.2008. Dias, P.G.B.S. & de Mello, F.A.G. col. (MZSP). Paratypes: 1 male, 5 females, same data as the holotype (MZSP); 1 male, same data as the holotype, with FWs and genitalia removed and kept with the specimen (MZSP); 1 male, same data as the holotype (PSD33) (MZSP); 1 male, same data as the holotype, with right FW removed and fixed in microscope slides (MZSP); 1 male, labeled: Brazil, Parque Nacional do Igua��u, Po��o Preto. 22-28.xii.2010. Dias, P.G.B.S. col. Pitfall (MZSP); 1 male, labeled: ���BR [Brazil], SC [Santa Catarina State], Conc��rdia. 28.xi-01.xii.2011. Dias, P.G.B.S. col.���, (PSD34) (MZSP); 1 female, same data as the holotype (PSD35); 1 female, with the copulatory papilla removed and kept with the specimen, labeled: Brazil, Parque Nacional do Igua��u, Trilha das Cataratas. 21.xii.2010. Dias, P.G.B.S. (MZSP); 1 female, with the copulatory papilla removed and kept with the specimen, labeled: Brazil, PR [Paran�� State], Foz do Igua��u, Parque Nacional do Igua��u, Trilha do Po��o Preto. P 2���adultrap. 02-08.xi.2005. Szinwelski, N. col. (MZSP); 1 female, labeled: Brazil, PR [Paran�� State], Foz do Igua��u, Parque Nacional do Igua��u, Trilha do Po��o Preto. 11.x.2010. Dias, P.G.B.S. col. (MZSP); 1 male, 1 female, labeled: Brazil, Parque Nacional do Igua��u, Trilha das Cataratas. 21.xii.2010. Dias, P.G.B.S. (Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Bioci��ncias, UNESP Botucatu). Distribution. Southern Brazil, Atlantic Forest of western Paran�� and Santa Catarina States. E. chape n. sp. is reported for the Igua��u National Park, municipalities of Foz do Igua��u and C��u Azul (Paran��), and the area of Conc��rdia municipality (Santa Catarina). Etymology. Chape is the nickname of Associa����o Chapecoense de Futebol, a football team from the city of Chapec��, the largest city of the west of Santa Catarina State, which is part of the distribution of this new species. On 29th November 2016, a plane crash killed almost all the entire team, including the players, coaches, staff and journalists. E. chape n. sp. is a tribute to all people that made part of this team���s beautiful history, which was, unfortunately, interrupted by this terrible tragedy. The word ��� chape ��� is a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Within the genus, E. chape n. sp. can be recognized by the following characters: males FWs short, rounded, not trespassing the third abdominal tergite; mirror irregular, with six cells, the distal weak and irregular; harp with three weak veins; lateral field with veins irregular, weak. Median part of the pseudepiphallic sclerite fused; pseudepiphallic arms lateral, hard, straight, apex pointed, curved inwards, with a conspicuous membranous sphere on the apex; sclerite A fused with the pseudepiphallic arm; PsP1 and PsP2 connected, forming a circular structure; PsP2 smaller and less sclerotized than PsP2; dorsal ectophallic projections (D.Ec.P.) long, almost reaching the apex of the pseudepiphallic arms, clearly separated and detached of the phallic complex; endophallic sclerite medial, long, grooved, forming a medio-dorsal crest; endophallic apodeme present, small, paired. Description. General body coloration medium to reddish brown, almost uniform (Figs 1 A, B). Head. Dorsum with soft pubescence, medium brown, yellowish in the middle (Fig. 1 B). Vertex and fastigium medium brown (Figs 1 B, D). Fastigium little wider than long, narrower than scape, slightly narrower toward the apex, with a double row of small bristles, and a spot yellowish brown on apical portion, corresponding to the area of the median ocellus (Figs 1 B, D). Ocelli absent. Eyes obovate, prominent (Figs 1 B, C). Antennal scape medium brown, outer border yellowish brown. Antenna not annulated; antenomeres medium brown (Figs 1 B���D). Frons medium brown speckled with small, light brown spots, and a macula light brown below each antennal fossa. In frontal view, gena medium brown; line diagonal, thin, light brown that goes from gena toward frons. In lateral view, gena medium brown with diagonal band light brown, which surround the external and superior margin of the eye, and weak ascendant anastomosed lines medium brown (Fig. 1 C). Clypeus and labrum light brown. Maxillary palpi elongated, thin; joints 1���2 whitish, joints 3���5 elongate, same-sized, medium brown, speckled with very small light brown spots; apical third of joint 5 curved, apex rounded, whitish (Figs 1 C, D). Thorax. Pronotum DD wider than long, slightly pubescent, general coloration medium brown; two spots yellowish brown on anterior portion, with reticulated lines medium brown; two blotches large, yellowish brown on median portion, divided by stripe medium brown, which is divided by a line yellowish brown that goes from the anterior to posterior portion of DD; two spots yellowish brown on posterior portion; DD cephalic and caudal margins sub-straight; LL ventro-cephalic angle slightly salient, rounded, ventro-caudal angle almost straight, ventral margin gradually ascendant (Figs. 1 C, D). Legs. Legs I and II yellowish to medium brown, not annulated (Fig. 1 A). Auditory tympanum present on both sides of TI; internal tympanum oval, small; external rounded. TI and TII with two same-sized ventral apical spurs. FIII light to medium brown, with diagonal medium brown stripes, distal half medium brown. TIII medium brown; subapical spurs 4/4, the first smaller and associated to the apical; serrulation between and above subapical spurs 1 and 2; apical spurs 3/3, more developed on inner face; dorsal and median apical spurs same-sized and the longest on both faces (Fig. 1 A, I). Basitarsus I, II and III medium brown; basitarsus III with double row of spines (Fig. 1 I). Abdomen. Medium to yellowish brown, pubescent (Fig. 1 A). Subgenital plate wider than long; anterior margin sub-straight, posterior margin broad, rounded, with short distal projections (Fig. 1 E). Supra anal plate medium brown, with a central macula yellowish brown; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin sub-straight, without distal projections (Fig. 1 F). Cerci as long as FIII, medium brown. Male. FWs membranous, short, rounded, not trespassing the third abdominal tergite (Figs 1 A, B); right FW hard, medium brown (Figs. 1 B, 2A, C); left FW membranous, transparent; stridulatory vein present, with ca. 82 - 94 teeth (n=09) (Figs 1 B, 2A, C); chord with two elongated cells; mirror irregular, with six cells, the distal weak and irregular (Figs. 1 B, 2A, C); harp with three weak veins, one incomplete (Figs. 1 B, 2B, D); lateral field with veins irregular, weak (Figs 2 A, C). Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallus: median part of the pseudepiphallic sclerite fused (Figs 3 A, B); pseudepiphallic arms lateral, hard, straight, apex pointed, curved inwards (Figs 3 A���D); presence of a conspicuous membranous sphere on the apex of the pseudepiphallic arms (Figs 3 A���E); sclerite A fused with the pseudepiphallic arm, the apical part of the sclerite is visible in ventral view (Figs 3 C, D). PsP1 and PsP2 connected, forming a circular structure, visible in superior and lateral views (Figs. 3 B, E, F); presence of a membrane between the contact points of PsP1 and PsP2 (Figs. 3 B, E); PsP1, hard, visible in ventral and dorsal views (Figs. 3 B���F); PsP2 small, less sclerotized than PsP1, curved inwards (Figs 3 B, E, F). Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic apodeme short, robust (Figs 3 A, B); ectophallic arc below the median part of the pseudepiphallic sclerite (Figs 3 A, B); dorsal ectophallic projections long, almost reaching the apex of the pseudepiphallic arms (Fig. 3 A), clearly separated and detached of the phallic complex (Figs 3 A, F), apex curved inwards; apex of the ventral ectophallic projections pointed, curved inwards (Figs 3 C, D); ectophallic fold membranous, with a weak sclerotization visible in dorsal view (Figs 3 A, B). Endophallus: endophallic sclerite medial, long, grooved, forming a medio-dorsal crest (Figs 3 C, D); endophallic apodeme present, small, paired (Figs 3 C, D). Female. Larger than male, general coloration similar. Apterous. Supra anal plate medium brown, similar to male. Subgenital plate medium brown, short, wider than long, anterior margin slightly convex, posterior margin rounded, with a central concavity. Female genitalia: c opulatory papilla laterally flattened, apex rounded, basis with a dorsal projection, as in Figs 3 G���I. Remarks on paratype. One male paratype had the FWs different from the holotype showing chord with two cells, one elongated and other reduced (Figs 2 A, C). Measurements (mm). Males (n=8): HW���3.53 (3.2���3.9); IOD���1.88 (1.5���2.3); PL���2.96 (2.5���3.9); AWP���3.31 (2.6���3.9); PWP���4.57 (4.2���5.1); PW���5.22 (4.5���5.6); FWL���5.66 (5.1���6.2); FWW���4.9 (4.5���5.2); LFIII���16.25 (14���17.5); WFIII���3.9 (3.5���4.1); LTIII���17.2 (15.2���19.2); LBt���III���5.35 (4.1���6). Females (n=11): HW���3.42 (3.2���3.6); IOD���1.8 (1.5���1.9); PL���2.84 (2.2���3.5); AWP���3.16 (2.7���3.4); PWP��� 4.57 (4.2���5.1); PW���5.02 (4.9���5.2); LFIII���15.6 (12.2���16.9); WFIII���3.86 (3.5���4.1); LTIII���17 (14.9���18.9); LBt-III���5.25 (4.5���5.9); OL���13.6 (10.1���15.1)., Published as part of Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Szinwelski, Neucir, Fianco, Marcos, Oliveira, Elliott Centeno De, De Mello, Francisco De A. G. & Zefa, Edison, 2017, New species of Endecous (Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae, Luzarinae) from the Igua��u National Park (Brazil), including bioacoustics, cytogenetic and distribution data, pp. 454-470 in Zootaxa 4237 (3) on pages 456-461, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/344736

In this study we describe two new species of cavicolous-straminicolous crickets for southern Brazil. Endecous chape n. sp. and E. naipi n. sp. are sympatric crickets that inhabit the Atlantic Semideciduous Forest of the Iguaçu National Park and adjacent areas. The descriptions were based on morphological characters, mainly from male genitalia and tegmina of adult males. Furthermore, we describe the chromosomes and the calling song of one of the new species, E. chape n. sp., presenting a discussion about the morphology of the phallic complex of Endecous and a distribution map for the species of the genus. The type-material is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP), and in the Coleção de Insetos do Departamento de Zoologia (Zoology Department Insect Collection), Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP-Botucatu campus.

In this study we describe two new species of cavicolous-straminicolous crickets for southern Brazil. Endecous chape n. sp. and E. naipi n. sp. are sympatric crickets that inhabit the Atlantic Semideciduous Forest of the Iguaçu National Park and adjacent areas. The descriptions were based on morphological characters, mainly from male genitalia and tegmina of adult males. Furthermore, we describe the chromosomes and the calling song of one of the new species, E. chape n. sp., presenting a discussion about the morphology of the phallic complex of Endecous and a distribution map for the species of the genus. The type-material is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP), and in the Coleção de Insetos do Departamento de Zoologia (Zoology Department Insect Collection), Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP—Botucatu campus.

A new species of the genus Oecanthus Serville, 1831 from Reserva Natural Vale, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil is described. The new species differs from other of this genus in characteristics of the pseudepiphallus main lobe, endophallic sclerites, posterior median lobe of the metanotal gland and black spots on the femora and tibiae. The chromosome number is 2n=16+XY♂=18 and 2n=16+XX♀=18, and this complement present one pair of autosomes less than the other five cytological studied species.